#Free Republic of Verdis

[verdisgov]

Star Wars: The Old Republic Basic Plans

Therefore, strategies are a very important facet of playing successfully. You need to be familiar with your personality's capabilities and how best to use the class you've chosen. Here are some Star Wars the VRDGOV.

And if the $15 monthly subscription fee was holding you back, then you will be happy to hear it really is going away. That's correct, SWTOR is going liberated to Play. In case you've wished to live at least portion of your day in the Star Wars Universe, acting out your dreams there with or without your friends, you'll manage to do so while saving money on the subscription fees. You'll have the ability to play all of the way to Level 50 ForFree. To make it a much better bargain, the price tag on this overall game is dropping to $15, which means you will save more cash and in addition to this you also receive a free month of premium access with your purchase.

Republic Classes

Trooper: The most simple soldier class of the game, troopers utilize heavy fire power and technical squads to conquer enemies. Make use of the trooper's thick armor and powerful weapons to a benefit in over-powering your competitions.

Whereas the Knights concentrate in light saber combat perhaps more than anything else, Consulars are better using force-based techniques. Employing wisdom and meditation, they act because the wise sages of this Republic and utilize their knowledge to out-think their opponents.

Smuggler: Even a master of stealth and surveillance, and it isn't too much of a stretch to predict smugglers the scout class of this match. Best at indirect combat, you wont want to use this particular class in open battle, and stay glued to the shadows instead.

Jedi Knight: Experts of close combat using a light saber and offensive force abilities, Jedi Knights are just one individual armies with the Force as their allies. Use their higher level Force powers and speedy Ability to conquer enemies in bigger classes.

Bounty-hunter : This category specializes in high-tech weaponry and specialized gadgets. This makes them a highly effective choice in combat against Jedi perhaps more than some other classes besides the Sith Warrior. Their sometimes eccentric tactics will likely soon be useful for unexpected strike plans.

Sith Inquisitor: Less competitive and more removed than the Sith Warriors, so this particular class concentrates in dark-side powers much like the Consular focuses on light-side powers.

Imperial Agent: Stealth can be the friend. The dark counterpart to the smuggler, Agents are shadowy fiends that infringe their enemies with quick, powerful attacks.

Sith Warrior: Opposite that the Jedi Knight, Sith Warriors are brutally efficient handtohand combatants using a lightsaber, employing the dark side along with its own techniques to succeed.

With such class specializations, try to keep in mind what your class was designed for and use it in order to develop successful strategies in this huge online world.

[grandballet]

SYNOPSIS: Act I In an Armenian village people are resting after a hard day’s work. Compared with the other girls, Gayane stands out with her beauty and charm. In her spare time she loves to dance. Gayaneh is the embodiment of Armenia, its vivid colours and unique national hues. Armen, who is in love with Gayane, cannot draw his eyes away from the young woman.

Act II Giko, who is aware of Gayaneh and Armen’s love, nevertheless tries to win the girl’s heart. His unrequited love encourages him to play dirty and cruel tricks. Giko is a courageous and decisive fellow who will see no obstacles in his path. But here he faces defeat. This annoys Giko. His heart is filled with malice and despair. He resolves to avenge himself.

Act III With the help of his friends, Giko abducts Gayane. The entire village hears of what has happened with lightning speed. The villagers are shocked and angry. Led by Armen, they discover the kidnappers. Giko is unable to bear the villagers’ wroth. He resolves to flee. Gayaneh and Armen are happy. Love has triumphed and they are free to marry. All their fellow villagers sing and dance at the wedding. This part of the ballet includes several folk dances, among them the famous Sabre Dance.

The opera house was founded in 1932 and opened in January 1933. In 1938 the theatre was named after the outstanding Armenian musician and teacher Alexander Spendiarian, while in 1956 it was awarded the honorary epithet of “Academic”. The very greatest figures in Armenian culture were involved in the establishment of the theatre, among them the singers Aikanush Danielian, Shara Talian, Leon Isetsky-Ioanisian and Alexander Karatov, the conductors Konstantin Sarajev, Georgy Budagian, Suren Charekian, Vladimir Piradov, Sergei Shatirian and Mikael Tavrizian, the designers Martiros Sarian and Ara Arutyunian, the stage directors Arshak Burjalian, Armen Gulakian, Levan Kalantar and Vardan Ajemian and the ballet master Ilya Arbatov. The gala opening of the theatre saw a performance of Alexander Spendiarian’s opera Almast, the libretto of which was based on the poem The Capture of Tmkabert by Hovhannes Tumanian, itself based on folk tales and legends. The opera was given a rapturous reception by audiences and critics alike, and ever since then the theatre has opened each new season with this opera in line with tradition. The first ballet production was Pyotr Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake in 1935. Thanks to the opening of the new theatre, Armenia began to witness the emergence of operas and ballets based on folk themes. In 1939 Aram Khachaturian composed music for Happiness, the first Armenian ballet. The ballet was subsequently renamed Gayane, and this new music version was created in 1942 to a libretto by Konstantin Derzhavin with choreography by Nina Anisimova, though in 1957 the score was drastically revised. Khachaturian later composed three suites for concert performance based on music from the stage version of the ballet. Arguably, the most famous musical highlight is the Sabre Dance from the last act of the ballet. To this day, Gayane is a vivid example of the combination of folk and classical dance and it has become a symbol of Armenia. The production created by people’s artist of Armenia Vilen Galstyan occupies a special position in the repertoire of Armenia’s national opera house – its dancers have performed it in countries all over the world, and wherever it is performed it is an unfailing “hit” with audiences. Over the years, the theatre has formed a rich and varied repertoire, staging the finest operas and ballets from international and Armenian music reserves. These include the operas Davit-Bek and Anush by Armen Tigranyan, Arshak II and Karine by Tigran Chukhajian, The Queen of Spades by Pyotr Tchaikovsky, I pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo, Otello and La traviata by Giuseppe Verdi, Poliuto by Gaetano Donizetti, Carmen by Georges Bizet and Aleko by Sergei Rachmaninoff and the ballets Sevan by Grigory Yegiazarian, Gayane and Spartacus by Aram Khachaturian, Romeo and Juliet by Sergei Prokofiev, Don Quixote by Ludwig Minkus, Vardanank by Edgar Oganesian, the Gotan Project’s Tango, Sayat-Nova by Alexander Arutiunian, Spring to music by Antonio Vivaldi and Boléro to music by Maurice Ravel to name but a few. Over the years the theatre has been directed by acclaimed figures of the arts world – such as singer and stage director Tigran Levonyan and singer Gegam Grigorian – while the theatre’s current Principal Conductor and Music Director is Karen Durgaryan, Honoured Artist of the Republic of Armenia.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.17

794 – Japanese Emperor Kanmu changes his residence from Nara to Kyoto. 887 – Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt. His nephew Arnulf of Carinthia is elected as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. 1183 – Genpei War: The Battle of Mizushima takes place. 1292 – John Balliol becomes King of Scotland. 1405 – Sharif ul-Hāshim establishes the Sultanate of Sulu. 1511 – Henry VIII of England concludes the Treaty of Westminster, a pledge of mutual aid against the French, with Ferdinand II of Aragon. 1558 – Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England. 1603 – English explorer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh goes on trial for treason. 1777 – Articles of Confederation (United States) are submitted to the states for ratification. 1796 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Bridge of Arcole: French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy. 1800 – The United States Congress holds its first session in Washington, D.C. 1810 – Sweden declares war on its ally the United Kingdom to begin the Anglo-Swedish War, although no fighting ever takes place. 1811 – José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile. 1820 – Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the first American to see Antarctica. (The Palmer Peninsula is later named after him.) 1831 – Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia. 1837 – An earthquake in Valdivia, south-central Chile, causes a tsunami that leads to significant destruction along Japan's coast.[1] 1839 – Oberto, Giuseppe Verdi's first opera, opens at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy. 1856 – American Old West: On the Sonoita River in present-day southern Arizona, the United States Army establishes Fort Buchanan in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase. 1858 – Modified Julian Day zero. 1858 – The city of Denver, Colorado is founded. 1863 – American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee, under siege. 1869 – In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated. 1876 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "Slavonic March" is given its premiere performance in Moscow, Russia. 1878 – First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg. 1885 – Serbo-Bulgarian War: The decisive Battle of Slivnitsa begins. 1894 – H. H. Holmes, one of the first modern serial killers, is arrested in Boston, Massachusetts. 1896 – The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, which later became the first ice hockey league to openly trade and hire players, began play at Pittsburgh's Schenley Park Casino. 1903 – The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party splits into two groups: The Bolsheviks (Russian for "majority") and Mensheviks (Russian for "minority"). 1911 – Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Incorporated, which is the first black Greek-lettered organization founded at an American historically black college or university, was founded on the campus of Howard University in Washington, D.C. 1933 – The United States recognizes the Soviet Union. 1939 – Nine Czech students are executed as a response to anti-Nazi demonstrations prompted by the death of Jan Opletal. All Czech universities are shut down and more than 1,200 students sent to concentration camps. Since this event, International Students' Day is celebrated in many countries, especially in the Czech Republic. 1947 – The Screen Actors Guild implements an anti-Communist loyalty oath. 1947 – American scientists John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain observe the basic principles of the transistor, a key element for the electronics revolution of the 20th century. 1950 – Lhamo Dondrub is officially named the 14th Dalai Lama. 1950 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 89 relating to the Palestine Question is adopted. 1953 – The remaining human inhabitants of the Blasket Islands, Kerry, Ireland, are evacuated to the mainland. 1957 – Vickers Viscount G-AOHP of British European Airways crashes at Ballerup after the failure of three engines on approach to Copenhagen Airport. The cause is a malfunction of the anti-icing system on the aircraft. There are no fatalities. 1962 – President John F. Kennedy dedicates Washington Dulles International Airport, serving the Washington, D.C., region. 1967 – Vietnam War: Acting on optimistic reports that he had been given on November 13, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson tells the nation that, while much remained to be done, "We are inflicting greater losses than we're taking...We are making progress." 1968 – British European Airways introduces the BAC One-Eleven into commercial service. 1968 – Viewers of the Raiders–Jets football game in the eastern United States are denied the opportunity to watch its exciting finish when NBC broadcasts Heidi instead, prompting changes to sports broadcasting in the U.S. 1969 – Cold War: Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States meet in Helsinki, Finland to begin SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides. 1970 – Vietnam War: Lieutenant William Calley goes on trial for the My Lai Massacre. 1970 – Luna programme: The Soviet Union lands Lunokhod 1 on Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains) on the Moon. This is the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world and is released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft. 1973 – Watergate scandal: In Orlando, Florida, U.S. President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors "I am not a crook." 1973 – The Athens Polytechnic uprising against the military regime ends in a bloodshed in the Greek capital. 1978 – The Star Wars Holiday Special airs on CBS, receiving negative reception from critics, fans, and even Star Wars creator George Lucas. 1979 – Brisbane Suburban Railway Electrification. The first stage from Ferny Grove to Darra is commissioned. 1983 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is founded in Mexico. 1989 – Cold War: Velvet Revolution begins: In Czechoslovakia, a student demonstration in Prague is quelled by riot police. This sparks an uprising aimed at overthrowing the communist government (it succeeds on December 29). 1990 – Fugendake, part of the Mount Unzen volcanic complex, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, becomes active again and erupts. 1993 – United States House of Representatives passes a resolution to establish the North American Free Trade Agreement. 1993 – In Nigeria, General Sani Abacha ousts the government of Ernest Shonekan in a military coup. 1997 – In Luxor, Egypt, 62 people are killed by six Islamic militants outside the Temple of Hatshepsut, known as Luxor massacre. 2000 – A catastrophic landslide in Log pod Mangartom, Slovenia, kills seven, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophes in Slovenia in the past 100 years. 2000 – Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru. 2012 – At least 50 schoolchildren are killed in an accident at a railway crossing near Manfalut, Egypt. 2013 – Fifty people are killed when Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 crashes at Kazan Airport, Russia. 2013 – A rare late-season tornado outbreak strikes the Midwest. Illinois and Indiana are most affected with tornado reports as far north as lower Michigan. In all around six dozen tornadoes touch down in approximately an 11-hour time period, including seven EF3 and two EF4 tornadoes.

[issuewire]

An introduction to the Free Republic of Verdis, by the Verdisian Government.

[hkima]

Tatiana V.Spasskay

Tatiana V.Spasskaya is a Mezzo-soprano singer, honored Artist of Ukraine, Chair of solo singing of the Odessa Opera Company and Ass. Professor of the Nezhdanova Music Academy, Odessa, Ukraine.

From 1972 to 1977, she learned in Ballet School and Music School(Class of Violin) in Anapa. From 1982 to 1991, she learned in Music College and Drama College in Novosibirsk. In 1993, she became the laureate of Dvorzhak International Singing Competition (Karlowy Vary, Czech Republic), and in 1999, she became the laureate of“Queen of Spades”International Singing Competition for the part of Paulina (Verona, Italy).

She repeatedly tours Germany, America, Italy, Finland, Spain, Austria and England. She has been in the repertoire over forty leading opera parties, carrying out in different theaters of country and also numerous concert programs. Among them—Azucena（Verdi《Il Trovatore》）、Rosina and Berta（Rossini《Il Barbiere di Siviglia》）、Maddalena（Verdi《Rigoletto》）、Flora（Verdi《La Traviata》）、Carmen（Bizet《Carmen》）、Amneris（Verdi《Aida》）、Suzuki（Puccini《Madame Butterfly》）、Fenenna（Verdi《Nabucco》）、Olga（Tchaikovsky《Eugene Onegin》）、Konchakovna（Borodin《Prince Igor》）、Feodor and Marina Mnishek（Mussorgsky《Boris Godunov》）、Santuzza and Lola（Mascagni《Cavalleria rusticana》）、Paulina and Countess（Tchaikovsky《 Queen of Spades》）and so on.

She is also one of the judges on Hong Kong International Vocal Open Competition. 

2015 Hong Kong International Vocal Open Competition —— Master Class

2015 Hong Kong International Vocal Open Competition —— Master Class

2015 Hong Kong International Vocal Open Competition —— Master Class

2015 Hong Kong International Vocal Open Competition —— Master Class

2015 Hong Kong International Vocal Open Competition —— Master Class

2018 Hong Kong International Vocal Open Competition is coming. This is not only a perfect opportunity to improve yourself, but also a big stage to show yourself. Through a series of tough competitions, you will make your dream of music come ture!

Hong Kong International Vocal Open Competition is a high-standard, large-scale, authoritative, professional, fair and just international vocal open competition.

It has a powerful jury, composed by over 30 famous international singers and vocal educators. These judge members come from different countries, including Italy, England, China, Romania, Korea, Ukraine, etc. The competition will hold masterclasses, lectures and concerts.

The total prize money of the finals is $55000. In China, there are more than 100000 contestants from over 100 cities participate in the preliminary competition.

Great News

Tutors who recommend students to participate in the preliminary competition or the finals can get free tickets of a series of activities. These activities will be held on the finals between 4th to 7th , February, 2018. For instance, masterclasses, special lectures and concerts of Chan Wing Wah, Francesco Facini, Luo Hong, Navrotskyy Vasyl, Nancy Yuen, Ramona Eremia Coman, Lee Su-kyoung, etc.

Note: Limited tickets are available on a first come first served basis.

Aims of the Competition

To prompt the development of vocal art with a professional and artistic standard;

To offer chances for Chinese vocalists of the new generation to enter an international performing world;

To provide a platform for professional vocalists to share their experience and skills of singing and performing.

Organizer: Hong Kong International Musician Association

The IMA.hk is a professional music group focusing on international art communication, which has been identified as high art level. The IMA.hk aims to offer an international stage for all the musicians to communicate and develop further, holding concerts, masterclasses, forum, lectures, and competitions at regular intervals and expanding HK musicians. Hong Kong, an area where Chinese culture meets with Western culture and a place appealing countless talents, is the most active area of Asian cultural and artistic activities and an ideal land for global artists.

Contestants and Conditions

1.All applications are supposed to be of their own free will.

2.The competition is open to vocalists of all nationalities, grouping respectively according to age.

3.Participants are allowed to choose more than one group.

4.The qualifications to final competitions are decided by judges.

5.The organizer reserves rights of making audio and video recordings, broadcasting the competitions proceeding, issuing CD, DVD, etc. It also reserves rights of making use of contestants’ personal photos and CVs for promotional purposes.

Activity Location

Mainland, overseas preliminary：October-December 2017

Deadline for application to the Finals：January 1, 2018

The Finals：4-7 February 2018

The previous Venues: Andrew’s Church(KOWLOON), China Congregational Church, Tom Lee Academy Hall, Pui Ching Primary School Lecture Hall

Official website for details: http://hk-ima.com/

2018 Hong Kong International Vocal Open Competition is now open for application, welcome to consult: info@hk-ima.com

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 3.11

222 – Emperor Elagabalus is assassinated, along with his mother, Julia Soaemias, by the Praetorian Guard during a revolt. Their mutilated bodies are dragged through the streets of Rome before being thrown into the Tiber. 1387 – Battle of Castagnaro: English condottiero Sir John Hawkwood leads Padova to victory in a factional clash with Verona. 1641 – Guaraní forces living in the Jesuit reductions defeat bandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire at the Battle of Mbororé in present-day Panambí, Argentina. 1649 – The Frondeurs and the French sign the Peace of Rueil. 1702 – The Daily Courant, England's first national daily newspaper is published for the first time. 1708 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation. 1784 – The signing of the Treaty of Mangalore brings the Second Anglo-Mysore War to an end. 1811 – During André Masséna's retreat from the Lines of Torres Vedras, a division led by French Marshal Michel Ney fights off a combined Anglo-Portuguese force to give Masséna time to escape. 1824 – The United States Department of War creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs. 1845 – Flagstaff War: Unhappy with translational differences regarding the Treaty of Waitangi, chiefs Hone Heke, Kawiti and Māori tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of Kororareka, New Zealand. 1848 – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of responsible government. 1851 – The first performance of Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Venice. 1861 – American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted. 1864 – The Great Sheffield Flood kills 238 people in Sheffield, England. 1872 – Construction of the Seven Sisters Colliery, South Wales, begins; located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain. 1879 – Shō Tai formally abdicated his position of King of Ryūkyū, under orders from Tokyo, ending the Ryukyu Kingdom. 1888 – The Great Blizzard of 1888 begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400. 1917 – World War I: Mesopotamian campaign: Baghdad falls to Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Stanley Maude. 1927 – In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre. 1931 – Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR, abbreviated as GTO, is introduced in the Soviet Union. 1941 – World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan. 1945 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy attempts a large-scale kamikaze attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet anchored at Ulithi atoll in Operation Tan No. 2. 1945 – World War II: The Empire of Vietnam, a short-lived Japanese puppet state, is established with Bảo Đại as its ruler. 1946 – Rudolf Höss, the first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, is captured by British troops. 1975 – Vietnam War: North Vietnamese and Viet Cong guerrilla forces establish control over Buôn Ma Thuột commune from the South Vietnamese army. 1977 – The 1977 Hanafi Siege: More than 130 hostages held in Washington, D.C., by Hanafi Muslims are set free after ambassadors from three Islamic nations join negotiations. 1978 – Coastal Road massacre: At least 37 are killed and more than 70 are wounded when Fatah hijack an Israeli bus, prompting Israel's Operation Litani. 1981 – Hundreds of students protest in the University of Pristina in Kosovo, then part of Yugoslavia, to give their republic more political rights. The protests then became a nationwide movement. 1983 – Pakistan successfully conducts a cold test of a nuclear weapon. 1983 – Bob Hawke is appointed Prime Minister of Australia. 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected to the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union making Gorbachev the USSR's de facto, and last, head of state. 1990 – Lithuania declares itself independent from the Soviet Union. 1990 – Patricio Aylwin is sworn in as the first democratically elected President of Chile since 1970. 1993 – Janet Reno is confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn in the next day, becoming the first female Attorney General of the United States. 1999 – Infosys becomes the first Indian company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. 2004 – Madrid train bombings: Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid, Spain, kill 192 people. 2006 – Michelle Bachelet is inaugurated as first female president of Chile. 2007 – Georgia claims Russian helicopters attacked the Kodori Valley in Abkhazia, an accusation that Russia categorically denies later. 2009 – Winnenden school shooting: Sixteen are killed and 11 are injured before recent-graduate Tim Kretschmer shoots and kills himself, leading to tightened weapons restrictions in Germany. 2010 – Economist and businessman Sebastián Piñera is sworn in as President of Chile, while three earthquakes, the strongest measuring magnitude 6.9 and all centered next to Pichilemu, capital of Cardenal Caro province, hit central Chile during the ceremony. 2011 – An earthquake measuring 9.0 in magnitude strikes 130 km (81 mi) east of Sendai, Japan, triggering a tsunami killing thousands of people. This event also triggered the second largest nuclear accident in history, and one of only two events to be classified as a Level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale. 2012 – A U.S. soldier kills 16 civilians in the Panjwayi District of Afghanistan near Kandahar. 2016 – At least 21 people are killed by flooding and mudslides in and around São Paulo, Brazil, following heavy rain.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.17

794 – Japanese Emperor Kanmu changes his residence from Nara to Kyoto. 887 – Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt. His nephew Arnulf of Carinthia is elected as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. 1183 – The Battle of Mizushima takes place. 1292 – John Balliol becomes King of Scotland. 1405 – Sharif ul-Hāshim establishes the Sultanate of Sulu. 1511 – Henry VIII of England concludes the Treaty of Westminster, a pledge of mutual aid against the French, with Ferdinand II of Aragon. 1558 – Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England. 1603 – English explorer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh goes on trial for treason. 1777 – Articles of Confederation (United States) are submitted to the states for ratification. 1796 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Bridge of Arcole: French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy. 1800 – The United States Congress holds its first session in Washington, D.C. 1810 – Sweden declares war on its ally the United Kingdom to begin the Anglo-Swedish War, although no fighting ever takes place. 1811 – José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile. 1820 – Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the first American to see Antarctica. (The Palmer Peninsula is later named after him.) 1831 – Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia. 1839 – Oberto, Giuseppe Verdi's first opera, opens at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy. 1856 – American Old West: On the Sonoita River in present-day southern Arizona, the United States Army establishes Fort Buchanan in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase. 1858 – Modified Julian Day zero. 1858 – The city of Denver, Colorado is founded. 1863 – American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee, under siege. 1869 – In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated. 1871 – The National Rifle Association is granted a charter by the state of New York. 1876 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "Slavonic March" is given its premiere performance in Moscow, Russia. 1878 – First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg. 1885 – Serbo-Bulgarian War: The decisive Battle of Slivnitsa begins. 1894 – H. H. Holmes, one of the first modern serial killers, is arrested in Boston, Massachusetts. 1896 – The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, which later became the first ice hockey league to openly trade and hire players, began play at Pittsburgh's Schenley Park Casino. 1903 – The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party splits into two groups: The Bolsheviks (Russian for "majority") and Mensheviks (Russian for "minority"). 1911 – Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Incorporated, which is the first black Greek-lettered organization founded at an American historically black college or university, was founded on the campus of Howard University in Washington, D.C. 1922 – Sultan Mehmed VI went into exile in Malta 1933 – The United States recognizes the Soviet Union. 1939 – Nine Czech students are executed as a response to anti-Nazi demonstrations prompted by the death of Jan Opletal. All Czech universities are shut down and more than 1,200 students sent to concentration camps. Since this event, International Students' Day is celebrated in many countries, especially in the Czech Republic. 1947 – The Screen Actors Guild implements an anti-Communist loyalty oath. 1947 – American scientists John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain observe the basic principles of the transistor, a key element for the electronics revolution of the 20th century. 1950 – Lhamo Dondrub is officially named the 14th Dalai Lama. 1950 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 89 relating to the Palestine Question is adopted. 1953 – The remaining human inhabitants of the Blasket Islands, Kerry, Ireland, are evacuated to the mainland. 1957 – Vickers Viscount G-AOHP of British European Airways crashes at Ballerup after the failure of three engines on approach to Copenhagen Airport. The cause is a malfunction of the anti-icing system on the aircraft. 1962 – President John F. Kennedy dedicates Washington Dulles International Airport, serving the Washington, D.C., region. 1967 – Vietnam War: Acting on optimistic reports that he had been given on November 13, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson tells the nation that, while much remained to be done, "We are inflicting greater losses than we're taking...We are making progress." 1968 – British European Airways introduces the BAC One-Eleven into commercial service. 1968 – Viewers of the Raiders–Jets football game in the eastern United States are denied the opportunity to watch its exciting finish when NBC broadcasts Heidi instead, prompting changes to sports broadcasting in the U.S. 1969 – Cold War: Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States meet in Helsinki, Finland to begin SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides. 1970 – Vietnam War: Lieutenant William Calley goes on trial for the My Lai Massacre. 1970 – Luna programme: The Soviet Union lands Lunokhod 1 on Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains) on the Moon. This is the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world and is released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft. 1973 – Watergate scandal: In Orlando, Florida, U.S. President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors "I am not a crook." 1973 – The Athens Polytechnic uprising against the military regime ends in a bloodshed in the Greek capital. 1978 – The Star Wars Holiday Special airs on CBS, receiving negative reception from critics, fans, and even Star Wars creator George Lucas. 1979 – Brisbane Suburban Railway Electrification. The first stage from Ferny Grove to Darra is commissioned. 1983 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is founded in Mexico. 1989 – Cold War: Velvet Revolution begins: In Czechoslovakia, a student demonstration in Prague is quelled by riot police. This sparks an uprising aimed at overthrowing the communist government (it succeeds on December 29). 1990 – Fugendake, part of the Mount Unzen volcanic complex, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, becomes active again and erupts. 1993 – United States House of Representatives passes a resolution to establish the North American Free Trade Agreement. 1993 – In Nigeria, General Sani Abacha ousts the government of Ernest Shonekan in a military coup. 1997 – In Luxor, Egypt, 62 people are killed by six Islamic militants outside the Temple of Hatshepsut, known as Luxor massacre. 2000 – A catastrophic landslide in Log pod Mangartom, Slovenia, kills seven, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophes in Slovenia in the past 100 years. 2000 – Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru. 2012 – At least 50 schoolchildren are killed in an accident at a railway crossing near Manfalut, Egypt. 2013 – Fifty people are killed when Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 crashes at Kazan Airport, Russia. 2013 – A rare late-season tornado outbreak strikes the Midwest. Illinois and Indiana are most affected with tornado reports as far north as lower Michigan. In all around six dozen tornadoes touch down in approximately an 11-hour time period, including seven EF3 and two EF4 tornadoes.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 3.11

222 – Emperor Elagabalus is assassinated, along with his mother, Julia Soaemias, by the Praetorian Guard during a revolt. Their mutilated bodies are dragged through the streets of Rome before being thrown into the Tiber. 1387 – Battle of Castagnaro: English condottiero Sir John Hawkwood leads Padova to victory in a factional clash with Verona. 1641 – Guaraní forces living in the Jesuit reductions defeat bandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire at the Battle of Mbororé in present-day Panambí, Argentina. 1649 – The Frondeurs and the French sign the Peace of Rueil. 1702 – The Daily Courant, England's first national daily newspaper is published for the first time. 1708 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation. 1784 – The signing of the Treaty of Mangalore brings the Second Anglo-Mysore War to an end. 1811 – During André Masséna's retreat from the Lines of Torres Vedras, a division led by French Marshal Michel Ney fights off a combined Anglo-Portuguese force to give Masséna time to escape. 1824 – The United States Department of War creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs. 1845 – Flagstaff War: Unhappy with translational differences regarding the Treaty of Waitangi, chiefs Hone Heke, Kawiti and Māori tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of Kororareka, New Zealand. 1848 – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of responsible government. 1851 – The first performance of Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Venice. 1861 – American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted. 1864 – The Great Sheffield Flood kills 238 people in Sheffield, England. 1872 – Construction of the Seven Sisters Colliery, South Wales, begins; located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain. 1879 – Shō Tai formally abdicated his position of King of Ryūkyū, under orders from Tokyo, ending the Ryukyu Kingdom. 1888 – The Great Blizzard of 1888 begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400. 1917 – World War I: Mesopotamian campaign: Baghdad falls to Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Stanley Maude. 1927 – In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre. 1931 – Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR, abbreviated as GTO, is introduced in the Soviet Union. 1941 – World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan. 1945 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy attempts a large-scale kamikaze attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet anchored at Ulithi atoll in Operation Tan No. 2. 1945 – World War II: The Empire of Vietnam, a short-lived Japanese puppet state, is established with Bảo Đại as its ruler. 1946 – Rudolf Höss, the first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, is captured by British troops. 1975 – Vietnam War: North Vietnamese and Viet Cong guerrilla forces establish control over Buôn Ma Thuột commune from the South Vietnamese army. 1977 – The 1977 Hanafi Siege: More than 130 hostages held in Washington, D.C., by Hanafi Muslims are set free after ambassadors from three Islamic nations join negotiations. 1978 – Coastal Road massacre: At least 37 are killed and more than 70 are wounded when Fatah hijack an Israeli bus, prompting Israel's Operation Litani. 1981 – Hundreds of students protest in the University of Pristina in Kosovo, then part of Yugoslavia, to give their republic more political rights. The protests then became a nationwide movement. 1983 – Pakistan successfully conducts a cold test of a nuclear weapon. 1983 – Bob Hawke is appointed Prime Minister of Australia. 1990 – Lithuania declares itself independent from the Soviet Union. 1990 – Patricio Aylwin is sworn in as the first democratically elected President of Chile since 1970. 1993 – Janet Reno is confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn in the next day, becoming the first female Attorney General of the United States. 1999 – Infosys becomes the first Indian company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. 2004 – Madrid train bombings: Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid, Spain, kill 192 people. 2006 – Michelle Bachelet is inaugurated as first female president of Chile. 2007 – Georgia claims Russian helicopters attacked the Kodori Valley in Abkhazia, an accusation that Russia categorically denies later. 2009 – Winnenden school shooting: Sixteen are killed and 11 are injured before recent-graduate Tim Kretschmer shoots and kills himself, leading to tightened weapons restrictions in Germany. 2010 – Economist and businessman Sebastián Piñera is sworn in as President of Chile, while three earthquakes, the strongest measuring magnitude 6.9 and all centered next to Pichilemu, capital of Cardenal Caro province, hit central Chile during the ceremony. 2011 – An earthquake measuring 9.0 in magnitude strikes 130 km (81 mi) east of Sendai, Japan, triggering a tsunami killing thousands of people. This event also triggered the second largest nuclear accident in history, and one of only two events to be classified as a Level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale. 2012 – A U.S. soldier kills 16 civilians in the Panjwayi District of Afghanistan near Kandahar. 2016 – At least 21 people are killed by flooding and mudslides in and around São Paulo, Brazil, following heavy rain.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.17

474 – Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. 794 – Japanese Emperor Kanmu changes his residence from Nara to Kyoto. 887 – Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt. His nephew Arnulf of Carinthia is elected as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. 1183 – The Battle of Mizushima takes place. 1292 – John Balliol becomes King of Scotland. 1405 – Sharif ul-Hāshim establishes the Sultanate of Sulu. 1511 – Henry VIII of England concluded the Treaty of Westminster, a pledge of mutual aid against the French, with Ferdinand II of Aragon. 1558 – Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England. 1603 – English explorer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh goes on trial for treason. 1777 – Articles of Confederation (United States) are submitted to the states for ratification. 1796 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Bridge of Arcole: French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy. 1800 – The United States Congress holds its first session in Washington, D.C. 1810 – Sweden declares war on its ally the United Kingdom to begin the Anglo-Swedish War, although no fighting ever takes place. 1811 – José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile. 1820 – Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the first American to see Antarctica. (The Palmer Peninsula is later named after him.) 1831 – Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia. 1839 – Oberto, Giuseppe Verdi's first opera, opens at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy. 1856 – American Old West: On the Sonoita River in present-day southern Arizona, the United States Army establishes Fort Buchanan in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase. 1858 – Modified Julian Day zero. 1863 – American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee, under siege. 1869 – In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated. 1871 – The National Rifle Association is granted a charter by the state of New York. 1876 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "Slavonic March" is given its premiere performance in Moscow, Russia. 1878 – First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg. 1885 – Serbo-Bulgarian War: The decisive Battle of Slivnitsa begins. 1894 – H. H. Holmes, one of the first modern serial killers, is arrested in Boston, Massachusetts. 1896 – The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, which later became the first ice hockey league to openly trade and hire players, began play at Pittsburgh's Schenley Park Casino. 1903 – The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party splits into two groups: The Bolsheviks (Russian for "majority") and Mensheviks (Russian for "minority"). 1911 – Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Incorporated, which is the first black Greek-lettered organization founded at an American historically black college or university, was founded on the campus of Howard University in Washington, D.C. 1933 – United States recognizes Soviet Union. 1939 – Nine Czech students are executed as a response to anti-Nazi demonstrations prompted by the death of Jan Opletal. All Czech universities are shut down and more than 1,200 students sent to concentration camps. Since this event, International Students' Day is celebrated in many countries, especially in the Czech Republic. 1947 – The Screen Actors Guild implements an anti-Communist loyalty oath. 1947 – American scientists John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain observe the basic principles of the transistor, a key element for the electronics revolution of the 20th century. 1950 – Lhamo Dondrub is officially named the 14th Dalai Lama. 1950 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 89 relating to the Palestine Question is adopted. 1953 – The remaining human inhabitants of the Blasket Islands, Kerry, Ireland, are evacuated to the mainland. 1957 – Vickers Viscount G-AOHP of British European Airways crashes at Ballerup after the failure of three engines on approach to Copenhagen Airport. The cause is a malfunction of the anti-icing system on the aircraft. 1962 – President John F. Kennedy dedicates Washington Dulles International Airport, serving the Washington, D.C., region. 1967 – Vietnam War: Acting on optimistic reports that he had been given on November 13, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson tells the nation that, while much remained to be done, "We are inflicting greater losses than we're taking...We are making progress." 1968 – British European Airways introduces the BAC One-Eleven into commercial service. 1968 – Viewers of the Raiders–Jets football game in the eastern United States are denied the opportunity to watch its exciting finish when NBC broadcasts Heidi instead, prompting changes to sports broadcasting in the U.S. 1969 – Cold War: Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States meet in Helsinki, Finland to begin SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides. 1970 – Vietnam War: Lieutenant William Calley goes on trial for the My Lai Massacre. 1970 – Luna programme: The Soviet Union lands Lunokhod 1 on Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains) on the Moon. This is the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world and is released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft. 1973 – Watergate scandal: In Orlando, Florida, U.S. President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors "I am not a crook." 1973 – The Athens Polytechnic uprising against the military regime ends in a bloodshed in the Greek capital. 1978 – The Star Wars Holiday Special airs on CBS, receiving negative reception from critics, fans, and even Star Wars creator George Lucas. 1979 – Brisbane Suburban Railway Electrification. The first stage from Ferny Grove to Darra is commissioned. 1983 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is founded in Mexico. 1989 – Cold War: Velvet Revolution begins: In Czechoslovakia, a student demonstration in Prague is quelled by riot police. This sparks an uprising aimed at overthrowing the communist government (it succeeds on December 29). 1990 – Fugendake, part of the Mount Unzen volcanic complex, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, becomes active again and erupts. 1993 – United States House of Representatives passes a resolution to establish the North American Free Trade Agreement. 1993 – In Nigeria, General Sani Abacha ousts the government of Ernest Shonekan in a military coup. 1997 – In Luxor, Egypt, 62 people are killed by six Islamic militants outside the Temple of Hatshepsut, known as Luxor massacre. 2000 – A catastrophic landslide in Log pod Mangartom, Slovenia, kills seven, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophes in Slovenia in the past 100 years. 2000 – Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru. 2012 – At least 50 schoolchildren are killed in an accident at a railway crossing near Manfalut, Egypt. 2013 – Fifty people are killed when Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 crashes at Kazan Airport, Russia. 2013 – A rare late-season tornado outbreak strikes the Midwest. Illinois and Indiana are most affected with tornado reports as far north as lower Michigan. In all around six dozen tornadoes touch down in approximately an 11-hour time period, including seven EF3 and two EF4 tornadoes.