#Ferronickel Market Price

[chemanalysta]

Free Search the Asia Pacific Chequered Plate Prices Online

North America

In the US market, Chequered Plate prices increased in the third quarter of 2023 due to stagnant demand amidst turmoil in the banking sector. Since mid-October, plant utilization rates remained below 75%, and low service center inventories and high raw material prices contributed to higher prices of finished steel. Mills received higher prices on the spot market, causing an increase in steel goods' spot prices. Service centers were cautious when adding inventory as future prices were uncertain. Nucor Brandenberg's new mill appeared to be a few months away from reaching full output. Congested port handling rates caused cargo handling rates to rise. The market was still digesting price increases from last month, and the reduction in mill production caused by weak downstream industry demand led to higher prices. Inflationary cost increases impacted almost all segments, forcing participants in the market to adjust their pricing. The US steelmakers continued to be unable to meet the market's demand, which helped keep steel prices stable. Domestic steel mills underwent extensive maintenance in 2023, worsening the supply shortage situation. As a ripple effect, the SS Chequered Plate (6 mm) prices for Ex Texas (USA) settled at USD 4568/MT.

Asia Pacific

In the first quarter of 2023, Chinese Chequered Plate prices decreased due to falling Nickel costs and a slowdown in demand from the construction and automotive industries. Following the Spring Festival holiday, sales of Chequered Plate slowed down, and there was no apparent consumption of spot resources. Market players were on vacation during the Chinese New Year Holidays, and despite the delivery of large factory resources, they were not picked up, resulting in resource accumulation. With the resumption of production at large steel plants, downstream demand gradually increased, but inventory levels started to rise, and pressure from the steel mill eroded cost support for raw materials and ferronickel. Domestic mills reduced production due to low prices, which failed to curb the price decline. Market pessimism was strong, and the profit margin of the industry chain was squeezed. Domestic iron plants were unable to accept low prices due to production losses, and most of them implemented production reduction plans. As a ripple effect, the SS Chequered Plate (304-6 mm) prices for Ex Tangshan settled at USD 2475/MT.

Europe

During the first quarter of 2023, Chequered Plate prices in the European market remained stagnant due to various factors, including rising slab prices, increased demand, and longer plate delivery times. Spot distributors accepted the price increase, but larger buyers were willing to pay higher prices for April-June plates. However, larger distributors were hesitant to commit to deals due to longer lead times, and German mills had fewer volumes for spot purchasers due to strong order books with projects. Heavy plate availability was constrained due to strong order books in Germany and Italy, a stronger emphasis on projects and long-term agreements over the spot market by German mills, and decreased production in Central Europe. Despite strong consumer demand, margins throughout the value chain decreased. Limited domestic supply and steady demand supported domestic prices, and buyers remained cautious about long lead times and hyped-up prices after the latest price rises earlier this month. Thus, the SS Chequered Plate (304-5mm) prices for Ex Ruhr settled at USD 3740/MT.

ChemAnalyst tackles the primary difficulty areas of the worldwide chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, and petrochemical industries, empowering decision-makers to make informed decisions. It examines and analyses geopolitical risks, environmental concerns, raw material availability, supply chain functioning, and technological disruption. It focuses on market volatility and guarantees that clients manage obstacles and hazards effectively and efficiently. ChemAnalyst's primary expertise has been data timeliness and accuracy, benefiting both local and global industries by tuning in to real-time data points to execute multibillion-dollar projects internationally.

[ferronickelsuppliers]

Chat +62 822 9999 5979, Exporter Cunico Resources Ferronickel Indonesia Indonesia

Chat +62 822 9999 5979, Exporter Cunico Resources Ferronickel Indonesia Indonesia

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[mariacallous]

Indonesia—the world’s largest nickel miner—is making moves to become a key player in the electric vehicle supply chain. Most of Indonesia’s nickel output is currently Class 2 nickel, a low-purity type used for stainless steel. The country’s government and the mining sector are  determined to transform its nickel industry to meet the rising demand for Class 1 nickel, a crucial component for electric vehicle (EV) batteries.[1] EVs are widely viewed as a pillar of the transition toward renewable energy sources since they typically have a smaller carbon footprint over their lifespan than gasoline-powered vehicles. These efforts have seen some success to date, with the EV and battery manufacturing sector making investments in the country’s downstream industry (in other words, investment in end-uses of nickel, such as EV batteries), including an EV battery cell plant near Jakarta.

Nickel is a key part of Indonesia’s commodity-led development strategy, in which the country has banned exports of raw commodities to attract downstream investment and catalyze socioeconomic development. The government is planning to tax exports of nickel pig iron (NPI) and ferronickel, which would likely boost production of battery-grade nickel. And for EV manufacturers struggling to source nickel in a tight market, Indonesia has become a key supplier in the past year.

But there is a catch: Indonesia’s nickel sector is particularly carbon-intensive and environmentally damaging. This creates an awkward challenge for EV manufacturers, who are under pressure to manage environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues in their supply chains, including carbon emissions. Some EV manufacturers have expressed a preference for “low-carbon” nickel. However, the supply of “low-carbon” is insufficient to meet forecasted demand, and it comes with a higher price tag. In this piece, we unpack the environmental risks and recent developments in Indonesia’s nickel industry that illustrate several of the difficult trade-offs required for decarbonization.

[cindy893]

Ferronickel Market Key Player, Growth Forecast from 2020-2026 | Shandong Xinhai Technology, Tsingshan Holding Group, Eramet

The worldwide Ferronickel Market is conscientiously looked into inside the report while generally focusing on top players and their business strategies, topographical development, advertise sections, serious scene, assembling, and evaluating and value structures. Each area of the examination study is extraordinarily arranged to investigate key parts of the overall Ferronickel Market. for instance the market elements segment dives profound into the drivers, limitations, patterns, and chances of the overall Ferronickel Market. With subjective and quantitative synthetic investigation , we help you with intensive and extensive research on the overall Ferronickel Market.

The Objective of Ferronickel market:

The Ferronickel market report has been fragmented into key sections, for example, item types, end-clients, prime areas, and vital players. The perusers can evaluate point by point and strategical data about each fragment. The Ferronickel market report likewise incorporates a mix of measurements about deals, utilization rate, volume, esteem, net edge and the sky is the limit from there

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Key players of the Global Ferronickel Market-

Shandong Xinhai Technology

Tsingshan Holding Group

Eramet

Linyi Yichen Alloy

Jiangsu Delong Nickel Industry

Shengyang Group

Anglo American

South32

Koniambo Nickel

Pacific Steel Mfg

Sumitomo Metal Mining

PT Central Omega Resources

SNNC

Vale

PT Antam

Larco

Types is divided into:

Ferronickel（Nickel<15%）

Ferronickel（Nickel15-25%）

Ferronickel（Nickel25-35%）

Others

Applications is divided into:

Stainless Steel Industry

Electronics Industry

Other

The size of Ferronickel market is split supported the merchandise type, purchaser, and application segments. The industry growth of every segment is assessed along side the prediction of their growth within the near future. The relevant data and statistics gathered from the regulatory authorities are portrayed within the report back to assess the event of segments.

Significant Regions covered in this report:

North America, China,Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia, India, Central & South America

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The research report renders comprehending insight supported several types and applications. the merchandise types are further collected with the most target being on the price , revenue, rate of growth , market share, etc. Similarly, supported the applications, the report aims the expansion rate, market share of Ferronickel in each application.

The study objectives are:

To analyze and research the worldwide Ferronickel capacity, production, value, consumption, status and forecast.

To specialise in the key Ferronickel manufacturers and study the capacity, production, value, market share and development plans in next few years.

To focuses on the worldwide key manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the market competition landscape, SWOT analysis.

Offers unique insights into the decision-making process for any category which will aid in strategic decision-making.

To analyze the worldwide and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.

Market size estimate of the regionally and internationally focused infotainment marketplace for vehicles.

To analyze the opportunities within the marketplace for stakeholders by identifying the high growth segments.

Unique research methodology supported the dynamics of market.

Scope to hide all potential categories which will assist all stakeholders within the Ferronickel market industry.

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Customization of this Report: This Ferronickel report could be customized to the customer's requirements. Please contact our sales professional (sales@marketresearchglobe.com), we will ensure you obtain the report which works for your needs.

[andreagillmer]

Cobalt and Nickel: Two Essential Elements for EVs

Source: Maurice Jackson for Streetwise Reports   04/20/2018

As electric vehicles grab a larger share of the automotive market, the sourcing of raw materials becomes increasingly important. Sam Broom of Sprott Global Resource Investments, in this conversation with Maurice Jackson of Proven and Probable, discusses the supply and demand equations for two essential elements in EV batteries, nickel and cobalt.

Maurice Jackson: Welcome to Proven and Probable, where we focus on metals, mining, and more. We are speaking with Sam Broom, an investment executive at Sprott Global Resource Investments. Today, we will discuss nickel and cobalt propositions for his portfolio.

Sam, you’ve truly carved out a niche for yourself in the nickel and cobalt space. Many speculators don’t hear much about these metals and the value propositions that they may present. Let’s begin with nickel. At the 10,000-foot level, share with us the supply and demand fundamentals for nickel.

Sam Broom: Nickel is actually quite an interesting market. It was a darling back in the early to mid-, even to late 2000s, up until about 2007–2008, where the price rose dramatically. A lot of people and a lot of speculators made a lot of money in the nickel market in the 2000s.

What happened was the Chinese came up with a new way of producing largely stainless steel, which was the main use for nickel. Formerly, Chinese companies used refined nickel to produce stainless steel. Nickel is a fairly rare metal. There’s not a lot of high-quality deposits out there, but the Chinese figured out a way to turn ferronickel, which was basically an iron-rich nickel dirt, a withered rock. You could now use that as a replacement for refined nickel in creating stainless steel.

That truly was almost like a shale oil moment for the nickel market, and drastically changed the cost structure of the industry. It also coincided with the global financial crisis in 2008, and then nickel promptly fell off a cliff. It was trending at about $54,000–55,000 a ton. It was as low as almost $7,000 a ton about a year ago. So that’s we’re talking an 80% decline over the last 10 years, in terms of the nickel price.

What resulted was all of a sudden you hit this flood of nickel, or iron-rich nickel, nickel pig iron, or ferronickel, that flooded into the market from places like Indonesia and the Philippines. It basically destroyed the price of nickel. If you look at a long-term chart of nickel, the refined nickel stores on the LME, you’ll see exactly what happened. Basically, supply went through the roof, and then we saw this huge accumulation of nickel. The nickel market was in a huge surplus for years and years.

To this very day, there are still huge amounts of nickel on the LME, compared to historical norms. That’s why a lot of people still steer clear of the market. One key thing to note, though, is for the last few years, the nickel market or the refined nickel market has been in a deficit. If you look at that very same chart, you’ll notice that stock piles have been starting to draw down, and that’s initially what got my attention. That’s a key thing for investors and speculators to keep an eye on.

The draw down has actually been in excess of what I was expecting at this point in the cycle, so clients of mine will know that I’ve been talking about nickel for the better part of about 6 to 12 months as being a commodity I think could be one of the best performing commodities over the next few years. The tide is turning, and it’s actually exceeding my expectations so far.

Maurice Jackson: You made two interesting points here. You have a supply deficit and an 80% reduction in price. That really prompts some unique opportunities. Do you foresee a catalyst that will constrain supply in the future, or add to the demand?

Sam Broom: The main driver that I see moving the nickel price is it’s a very crucial ingredient in just about every type of lithium-ion battery there is out there. If you look at all the various chemistries, most of them are very nickel-rich.

What we’re seeing or just starting to see is increased buying from those getting set in the electric vehicle space where they don’t actually need refined nickel, nickel metal. The EV industry uses nickel sulfate, which is basically a nickel salt, but you can make that. You can process refined nickel into nickel sulfate. We’re starting to see a little bit of an impact from that.

Nickel is also what I would term a kind of an affluent commodity. Stainless steel is obviously something that an increasingly wealthy population consumes in greater quantities as they become affluent. Global growth in places like China and in the developing world is driving this nickel drawdown at the moment, but I do foresee that in the near future, probably not in the next 12 months, but maybe 18 to 24 to 36 months down the track, the growth of the electric vehicle industry is going to be what drives refined nickel demand.

The key thing to note here is that all of that additional supply that came onto the market back in the late 2000s with the invention of nickel pig iron is completely unsuitable and unusual in the electrical vehicle space. So basically, that can go towards servicing demand from stainless steel fabrication and production, but it cannot be used at all to create electric vehicles and to go into the cathode of lithium-ion batteries.

In a nutshell, that EV demand is going to directly impact on what we term “class one nickel,” which is what the LME stock piles represent.

Maurice Jackson: You hit on some very key points here, and that’s a lot of ambiguity that I heard regarding the nickel space. There’s excess supply that can be used, and you just addressed it cannot be used. For our readers, please do take note here. But I want to stick with this theme here for the supply deficit. Where is current production coming from and will that remain for the future?

Sam Broom: There are two very different classes of nickel supply here. The pig iron and the ferronickel that’s getting fed into the Chinese furnaces, this is the supply that can’t be used by electric vehicle fabricators and manufacturers. It’s coming from primarily from places like Indonesia and the Philippines.

Basically, what they do is they literally just dig it up, and put it on a ship, and ship it to China, and it’s a iron nickel-rich dirt that goes over there. That’s where that supply largely comes from. There’s a little bit coming out of Australia, but mainly places like New Caledonia, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Class one nickel, or refined nickel, comes from a whole host of other places around the world. A major producer is Russia, with Norilsk Nickel, one of the larger mining companies. Outside of that, another major name you’ve probably heard of is Voisey’s Bay in Canada. Outside of that, there’s very little in the way of primary nickel production. It’s primary nickel sulfide production, I should say; so, sulfide mines.

We won’t get too much into the weeds here, but they are the type of mines that can easily produce refined nickel. They’re very rare, and there has been next to no major discoveries, at least in the last five years. The last one I can think of was Sirius Resources, which was run by a legendary Australian prospector, Mark Creasy. It discovered Nova Bollinger back in 2012. That’s the last major nickel sulfide discovery that I can think of, so that was over five years ago now.

That gives you an idea about how little nickel exploration there has been and how many new high-quality class one nickel discoveries and new projects are in the pipeline. It’s basically non-existent.

Maurice Jackson: Sam, with the exclusion of Canada, how mining friendly are these jurisdictions?

Sam Broom: I guess Russia’s pretty topical at the moment with all the sanctions that are going on at the moment. The Norilsk company, the Russian company I mentioned, its share price got smashed 20% yesterday on the news. So, Russia’s kind of self-explanatory. I personally think Russia’s very cheap right now, but it does come with a high degree of geopolitical risk, given the tensions there.

The ferronickel and the pig iron producers, I would say have a moderate to high degree of geopolitical risk. For those of you who aren’t familiar, the Philippines has been doing all sorts of things. There is a lot of talk about cracking down on its mining industry, and banning all sorts of open-pit mining because of the damage that these nickel laterites mines have been causing to the countryside.

I would say there’s a relatively high degree of risk and potential disruptions to supply from that side. Outside of that, you’re looking at places like Australia, Canada, the U.S., parts of Africa. There’s potential around the world, but it’s just finding these deposits, because they are so rare and so hard to find that we’re just seeing next to nothing come through in terms of new, high-quality sulfide deposits that are capable of cheaply producing class-one nickel.

Maurice Jackson: Give us some numbers here. What are the global costs for production versus the all-in sustained costs on nickel?

Sam Broom: It’s hard to give an exact number, but last I checked I would say industry-wide cash costs average somewhere around $4-5 a pound. If you take in all-in sustaining costs, you’re probably looking at above $6.50 a pound. If you take into consideration the true cost of production, including capital costs, which you should always do, it’s probably above $7 or $8 a pound. Nickel’s currently trading at $6.50 a pound, or about $13,000 to $14,000 a ton. By and large, the industry is underwater at these prices.

Maurice Jackson: Switching gears, let’s delve into cobalt. At the 10,000-foot level, share with us the supply and demand fundamentals for cobalt.

Sam Broom: Cobalt’s completely different to nickel, even though they’re often found together. By far and away, the main producer in terms of a jurisdiction of cobalt is the Democratic Republic of Congo, which I would probably describe as a country with the highest geopolitical risk of almost any that I know right now. There’s a whole lot of strife in terms of what’s happening with the government there. The formerly democratically elected president has failed to step down as he is constitutionally mandated to. That was over a year ago now, so there’s a lot of shenanigans going on, a whole lot of conflict, the potential for civil war, and that type of thing. I don’t know whether that will happen or not, but some not good things are going on over there.

On top of that, it’s a very poor country. There are a lot of historical conflicts between different tribes within the country, and issues like that. It’s not a very safe place to have one of the key ingredients for electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries. Some 65% of global supply comes from the DRC, so that’s what initially got me interested in cobalt well over a year ago. Here’s information that I have put out that explains the situation there.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVt8kfhqGEk

http://www.mining.com/web/why-cobalt-not-lithium-could-be-the-battery-booms-big-commodity-winner/

http://www.mining.com/web/base-metal-breakout-industrial-commodities-threaten-decade-long-downtrend/

Basically, we’ve got huge amounts of supply coming out of a single country that has extremely elevated geopolitical risk. On the demand side of the equation, the main driver moving forward is going to be the growth of electric vehicles. Now, cobalt, along with nickel and a few other elements, is one of the key ingredients in the cathode component of electric vehicles. It is the ingredient that controls or has a large impact on both the stability and the amount of energy a battery can store. It greatly affects the range of electric vehicles.

I can’t see it being replaced any time soon, and I can see a huge increase in demand coming as electric vehicles proliferate. Given we’ve got an extremely high-risk geopolitical supply backdrop, with an exceptional growth outlook on the demand side, it’s a very interesting proposition. Obviously, the cobalt price has already gone up dramatically in the last 12 to 18 months. We’re already well into the cobalt price re-rate.

Maurice Jackson: You’ve already answered part of my question here. The current production is coming from the DRC, and as a speculator, your eyes light up when you have this geopolitical turmoil. Will that change in the future? Do you foresee other production countries coming with production?

Sam Broom: Cobalt’s a really interesting one, because it’s rare but it’s relatively pervasive in very low quantities in rocks around the world. What is really rare is cobalt in economic concentrations. There are many places around the world that have cobalt in economic quantities that it can be mineable. Basically, the main source of cobalt that I see outside of the Congo moving forward is likely to be laterite, the very same type of deposit as the nickel pig iron we talked about earlier; it often has economic quantities of cobalt. The one key jurisdiction I’ve been focusing on is Australia, because it has the same type of deposits as the Philippines Indonesia and New Caledonia that we’ve talked about. Yet it’s obviously a fair safer jurisdiction.

There are a handful or more of these nickel-cobalt laterite plays in Australia, and that’s where I’ve largely been focusing my attention, because I think that the electric vehicle industry is going to value security of supply over price in the mid- to long term. In other words, they’ll be willing to pay up for their nickel and their cobalt, cobalt in particular, if it’s been mined in a jurisdiction they’re not worried about blowing up into a civil war and losing that supply in six months’ time. These companies are spending billions of dollars in capex building these factories. The last thing they need is a supply crunch when it comes to cobalt.

I’m keeping a very close eye on the Australian nickel cobalt play. I will say, though, that these types of plays are more of a speculative investment than an investment-grade proposition. I view them as being almost at the money at current prices. They do require higher prices, nickel in particular, to actually pay off in the long run.

Maurice Jackson: Talk to us about the global costs for production versus the cash costs and the all-in sustaining costs for cobalt.

Sam Broom: It’s very hard to say because probably 97% of cobalt is produced as a byproduct. There isn’t really a cost curve out there for cobalt that you can examine. Usually it goes as either a credit towards nickel or copper production. Looking at it in terms of the cost to produce cobalt, I don’t really have any good figures out there.

What I would say is look at cobalt as a way to render nickel and copper projects economic. For example, there’s a company I watch that just put out a feasibility study that the nickel all-in sustaining costs per pound are something like $5 to $6. With the cobalt credits, that drops to about $1. That goes to show you how much the cobalt credits it’s getting from its project go towards making these projects economic. Basically, this project would be completely uneconomic at current nickel prices, moderately economic at current prices, and extremely economic at say, $20,000 a ton of nickel.

Maurice Jackson: Thank you for a very comprehensive interview regarding cobalt and nickel. Does Sprott Global Resource Investment still provide a free grading of one’s natural resource portfolio at no cost and obligation?

Sam Broom: Absolutely. If you want me to take a look at your portfolio, particularly those with an EV metal and material focus, I’d be more than happy to give you a no obligations ranking of your portfolio. Bear in mind that this is wouldn’t be investment advice or anything. It’d be a one to ten ranking. But if you would like to take me up on that offer, my email is sbroom@SprottGlobal.com. I’d be more than happy to receive your request and give you a no obligations ranking there.

You can either attach an Excel attachment, or simply just list your portfolio in bullet point form in the email. With the subject line: Proven and Probable

Maurice Jackson: Do we have a contact phone number for you at Sprott?

Sam Broom: You can reach me at 800-477-7853.

Maurice Jackson: For our readers, we want to remind you to register for the Sprott Natural Resource Symposium, which will be conducted July 17-20 in Vancouver, British Columbia. Just click on the registration tab on our website for free tickets. Featured speakers will be Rick Rule, Doug Casey, Jim Rickards, Jim Grant, just to name a few. We will be present and we look forward to meeting you. Sam, let me ask you this as well, will you be in attendance?

Sam Broom: I am certainly planning on being there. I have my first child due in early August, so as long as that doesn’t happen ahead of schedule, I will certainly be there.

Maurice Jackson: All right, look forward to seeing you there. Last but not least, please visit our website, ProvenAndProbable.com, where we interview the most respected names in the natural resource space. You may reach us at Contact@ProvenAndProbable.com.

Sam Broom of Sprott Global Resource Investments, thank you for joining us today on Proven and Probable.

Maurice Jackson is the founder of Proven and Probable, a site that aims to enrich its subscribers through education in precious metals and junior mining companies that will enrich the world.

Want to read more Gold Report articles like this? Sign up for our free e-newsletter, and you’ll learn when new articles have been published. To see a list of recent articles and interviews with industry analysts and commentators, visit our Streetwise Interviews page.

Disclosure: 1) Statements and opinions expressed are the opinions of Sam Broom and Maurice Jackson and not of Streetwise Reports or its officers. They are wholly responsible for the validity of the statements. Streetwise Reports was not involved in the content preparation. Sam Broom and Maurice Jackson were not paid by Streetwise Reports LLC for this article. Streetwise Reports was not paid by the author to publish or syndicate this article. 2) This article does not constitute investment advice. Each reader is encouraged to consult with his or her individual financial professional and any action a reader takes as a result of information presented here is his or her own responsibility. By opening this page, each reader accepts and agrees to Streetwise Reports’ terms of use and full legal disclaimer. This article is not a solicitation for investment. Streetwise Reports does not render general or specific investment advice and the information on Streetwise Reports should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Streetwise Reports does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company mentioned on Streetwise Reports.

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[goldcoins0]

Cobalt and Nickel: Two Essential Elements for EVs

Source: Maurice Jackson for Streetwise Reports   04/20/2018

As electric vehicles grab a larger share of the automotive market, the sourcing of raw materials becomes increasingly important. Sam Broom of Sprott Global Resource Investments, in this conversation with Maurice Jackson of Proven and Probable, discusses the supply and demand equations for two essential elements in EV batteries, nickel and cobalt.

Maurice Jackson: Welcome to Proven and Probable, where we focus on metals, mining, and more. We are speaking with Sam Broom, an investment executive at Sprott Global Resource Investments. Today, we will discuss nickel and cobalt propositions for his portfolio.

Sam, you've truly carved out a niche for yourself in the nickel and cobalt space. Many speculators don't hear much about these metals and the value propositions that they may present. Let's begin with nickel. At the 10,000-foot level, share with us the supply and demand fundamentals for nickel.

Sam Broom: Nickel is actually quite an interesting market. It was a darling back in the early to mid-, even to late 2000s, up until about 2007–2008, where the price rose dramatically. A lot of people and a lot of speculators made a lot of money in the nickel market in the 2000s.

What happened was the Chinese came up with a new way of producing largely stainless steel, which was the main use for nickel. Formerly, Chinese companies used refined nickel to produce stainless steel. Nickel is a fairly rare metal. There's not a lot of high-quality deposits out there, but the Chinese figured out a way to turn ferronickel, which was basically an iron-rich nickel dirt, a withered rock. You could now use that as a replacement for refined nickel in creating stainless steel.

That truly was almost like a shale oil moment for the nickel market, and drastically changed the cost structure of the industry. It also coincided with the global financial crisis in 2008, and then nickel promptly fell off a cliff. It was trending at about $54,000–55,000 a ton. It was as low as almost $7,000 a ton about a year ago. So that's we're talking an 80% decline over the last 10 years, in terms of the nickel price.

What resulted was all of a sudden you hit this flood of nickel, or iron-rich nickel, nickel pig iron, or ferronickel, that flooded into the market from places like Indonesia and the Philippines. It basically destroyed the price of nickel. If you look at a long-term chart of nickel, the refined nickel stores on the LME, you'll see exactly what happened. Basically, supply went through the roof, and then we saw this huge accumulation of nickel. The nickel market was in a huge surplus for years and years.

To this very day, there are still huge amounts of nickel on the LME, compared to historical norms. That's why a lot of people still steer clear of the market. One key thing to note, though, is for the last few years, the nickel market or the refined nickel market has been in a deficit. If you look at that very same chart, you'll notice that stock piles have been starting to draw down, and that's initially what got my attention. That's a key thing for investors and speculators to keep an eye on.

The draw down has actually been in excess of what I was expecting at this point in the cycle, so clients of mine will know that I've been talking about nickel for the better part of about 6 to 12 months as being a commodity I think could be one of the best performing commodities over the next few years. The tide is turning, and it's actually exceeding my expectations so far.

Maurice Jackson: You made two interesting points here. You have a supply deficit and an 80% reduction in price. That really prompts some unique opportunities. Do you foresee a catalyst that will constrain supply in the future, or add to the demand?

Sam Broom: The main driver that I see moving the nickel price is it's a very crucial ingredient in just about every type of lithium-ion battery there is out there. If you look at all the various chemistries, most of them are very nickel-rich.

What we're seeing or just starting to see is increased buying from those getting set in the electric vehicle space where they don't actually need refined nickel, nickel metal. The EV industry uses nickel sulfate, which is basically a nickel salt, but you can make that. You can process refined nickel into nickel sulfate. We're starting to see a little bit of an impact from that.

Nickel is also what I would term a kind of an affluent commodity. Stainless steel is obviously something that an increasingly wealthy population consumes in greater quantities as they become affluent. Global growth in places like China and in the developing world is driving this nickel drawdown at the moment, but I do foresee that in the near future, probably not in the next 12 months, but maybe 18 to 24 to 36 months down the track, the growth of the electric vehicle industry is going to be what drives refined nickel demand.

The key thing to note here is that all of that additional supply that came onto the market back in the late 2000s with the invention of nickel pig iron is completely unsuitable and unusual in the electrical vehicle space. So basically, that can go towards servicing demand from stainless steel fabrication and production, but it cannot be used at all to create electric vehicles and to go into the cathode of lithium-ion batteries.

In a nutshell, that EV demand is going to directly impact on what we term "class one nickel," which is what the LME stock piles represent.

Maurice Jackson: You hit on some very key points here, and that's a lot of ambiguity that I heard regarding the nickel space. There's excess supply that can be used, and you just addressed it cannot be used. For our readers, please do take note here. But I want to stick with this theme here for the supply deficit. Where is current production coming from and will that remain for the future?

Sam Broom: There are two very different classes of nickel supply here. The pig iron and the ferronickel that's getting fed into the Chinese furnaces, this is the supply that can't be used by electric vehicle fabricators and manufacturers. It's coming from primarily from places like Indonesia and the Philippines.

Basically, what they do is they literally just dig it up, and put it on a ship, and ship it to China, and it's a iron nickel-rich dirt that goes over there. That's where that supply largely comes from. There's a little bit coming out of Australia, but mainly places like New Caledonia, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Class one nickel, or refined nickel, comes from a whole host of other places around the world. A major producer is Russia, with Norilsk Nickel, one of the larger mining companies. Outside of that, another major name you've probably heard of is Voisey's Bay in Canada. Outside of that, there's very little in the way of primary nickel production. It's primary nickel sulfide production, I should say; so, sulfide mines.

We won't get too much into the weeds here, but they are the type of mines that can easily produce refined nickel. They're very rare, and there has been next to no major discoveries, at least in the last five years. The last one I can think of was Sirius Resources, which was run by a legendary Australian prospector, Mark Creasy. It discovered Nova Bollinger back in 2012. That's the last major nickel sulfide discovery that I can think of, so that was over five years ago now.

That gives you an idea about how little nickel exploration there has been and how many new high-quality class one nickel discoveries and new projects are in the pipeline. It's basically non-existent.

Maurice Jackson: Sam, with the exclusion of Canada, how mining friendly are these jurisdictions?

Sam Broom: I guess Russia's pretty topical at the moment with all the sanctions that are going on at the moment. The Norilsk company, the Russian company I mentioned, its share price got smashed 20% yesterday on the news. So, Russia's kind of self-explanatory. I personally think Russia's very cheap right now, but it does come with a high degree of geopolitical risk, given the tensions there.

The ferronickel and the pig iron producers, I would say have a moderate to high degree of geopolitical risk. For those of you who aren't familiar, the Philippines has been doing all sorts of things. There is a lot of talk about cracking down on its mining industry, and banning all sorts of open-pit mining because of the damage that these nickel laterites mines have been causing to the countryside.

I would say there's a relatively high degree of risk and potential disruptions to supply from that side. Outside of that, you're looking at places like Australia, Canada, the U.S., parts of Africa. There's potential around the world, but it's just finding these deposits, because they are so rare and so hard to find that we're just seeing next to nothing come through in terms of new, high-quality sulfide deposits that are capable of cheaply producing class-one nickel.

Maurice Jackson: Give us some numbers here. What are the global costs for production versus the all-in sustained costs on nickel?

Sam Broom: It's hard to give an exact number, but last I checked I would say industry-wide cash costs average somewhere around $4-5 a pound. If you take in all-in sustaining costs, you're probably looking at above $6.50 a pound. If you take into consideration the true cost of production, including capital costs, which you should always do, it's probably above $7 or $8 a pound. Nickel's currently trading at $6.50 a pound, or about $13,000 to $14,000 a ton. By and large, the industry is underwater at these prices.

Maurice Jackson: Switching gears, let's delve into cobalt. At the 10,000-foot level, share with us the supply and demand fundamentals for cobalt.

Sam Broom: Cobalt's completely different to nickel, even though they're often found together. By far and away, the main producer in terms of a jurisdiction of cobalt is the Democratic Republic of Congo, which I would probably describe as a country with the highest geopolitical risk of almost any that I know right now. There's a whole lot of strife in terms of what's happening with the government there. The formerly democratically elected president has failed to step down as he is constitutionally mandated to. That was over a year ago now, so there's a lot of shenanigans going on, a whole lot of conflict, the potential for civil war, and that type of thing. I don't know whether that will happen or not, but some not good things are going on over there.

On top of that, it's a very poor country. There are a lot of historical conflicts between different tribes within the country, and issues like that. It's not a very safe place to have one of the key ingredients for electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries. Some 65% of global supply comes from the DRC, so that's what initially got me interested in cobalt well over a year ago. Here's information that I have put out that explains the situation there.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVt8kfhqGEk

http://www.mining.com/web/why-cobalt-not-lithium-could-be-the-battery-booms-big-commodity-winner/

http://www.mining.com/web/base-metal-breakout-industrial-commodities-threaten-decade-long-downtrend/

Basically, we've got huge amounts of supply coming out of a single country that has extremely elevated geopolitical risk. On the demand side of the equation, the main driver moving forward is going to be the growth of electric vehicles. Now, cobalt, along with nickel and a few other elements, is one of the key ingredients in the cathode component of electric vehicles. It is the ingredient that controls or has a large impact on both the stability and the amount of energy a battery can store. It greatly affects the range of electric vehicles.

I can't see it being replaced any time soon, and I can see a huge increase in demand coming as electric vehicles proliferate. Given we've got an extremely high-risk geopolitical supply backdrop, with an exceptional growth outlook on the demand side, it's a very interesting proposition. Obviously, the cobalt price has already gone up dramatically in the last 12 to 18 months. We're already well into the cobalt price re-rate.

Maurice Jackson: You've already answered part of my question here. The current production is coming from the DRC, and as a speculator, your eyes light up when you have this geopolitical turmoil. Will that change in the future? Do you foresee other production countries coming with production?

Sam Broom: Cobalt's a really interesting one, because it's rare but it's relatively pervasive in very low quantities in rocks around the world. What is really rare is cobalt in economic concentrations. There are many places around the world that have cobalt in economic quantities that it can be mineable. Basically, the main source of cobalt that I see outside of the Congo moving forward is likely to be laterite, the very same type of deposit as the nickel pig iron we talked about earlier; it often has economic quantities of cobalt. The one key jurisdiction I've been focusing on is Australia, because it has the same type of deposits as the Philippines Indonesia and New Caledonia that we've talked about. Yet it's obviously a fair safer jurisdiction.

There are a handful or more of these nickel-cobalt laterite plays in Australia, and that's where I've largely been focusing my attention, because I think that the electric vehicle industry is going to value security of supply over price in the mid- to long term. In other words, they'll be willing to pay up for their nickel and their cobalt, cobalt in particular, if it's been mined in a jurisdiction they're not worried about blowing up into a civil war and losing that supply in six months' time. These companies are spending billions of dollars in capex building these factories. The last thing they need is a supply crunch when it comes to cobalt.

I'm keeping a very close eye on the Australian nickel cobalt play. I will say, though, that these types of plays are more of a speculative investment than an investment-grade proposition. I view them as being almost at the money at current prices. They do require higher prices, nickel in particular, to actually pay off in the long run.

Maurice Jackson: Talk to us about the global costs for production versus the cash costs and the all-in sustaining costs for cobalt.

Sam Broom: It's very hard to say because probably 97% of cobalt is produced as a byproduct. There isn't really a cost curve out there for cobalt that you can examine. Usually it goes as either a credit towards nickel or copper production. Looking at it in terms of the cost to produce cobalt, I don't really have any good figures out there.

What I would say is look at cobalt as a way to render nickel and copper projects economic. For example, there's a company I watch that just put out a feasibility study that the nickel all-in sustaining costs per pound are something like $5 to $6. With the cobalt credits, that drops to about $1. That goes to show you how much the cobalt credits it's getting from its project go towards making these projects economic. Basically, this project would be completely uneconomic at current nickel prices, moderately economic at current prices, and extremely economic at say, $20,000 a ton of nickel.

Maurice Jackson: Thank you for a very comprehensive interview regarding cobalt and nickel. Does Sprott Global Resource Investment still provide a free grading of one's natural resource portfolio at no cost and obligation?

Sam Broom: Absolutely. If you want me to take a look at your portfolio, particularly those with an EV metal and material focus, I'd be more than happy to give you a no obligations ranking of your portfolio. Bear in mind that this is wouldn't be investment advice or anything. It'd be a one to ten ranking. But if you would like to take me up on that offer, my email is sbroom@SprottGlobal.com. I'd be more than happy to receive your request and give you a no obligations ranking there.

You can either attach an Excel attachment, or simply just list your portfolio in bullet point form in the email. With the subject line: Proven and Probable

Maurice Jackson: Do we have a contact phone number for you at Sprott?

Sam Broom: You can reach me at 800-477-7853.

Maurice Jackson: For our readers, we want to remind you to register for the Sprott Natural Resource Symposium, which will be conducted July 17-20 in Vancouver, British Columbia. Just click on the registration tab on our website for free tickets. Featured speakers will be Rick Rule, Doug Casey, Jim Rickards, Jim Grant, just to name a few. We will be present and we look forward to meeting you. Sam, let me ask you this as well, will you be in attendance?

Sam Broom: I am certainly planning on being there. I have my first child due in early August, so as long as that doesn't happen ahead of schedule, I will certainly be there.

Maurice Jackson: All right, look forward to seeing you there. Last but not least, please visit our website, ProvenAndProbable.com, where we interview the most respected names in the natural resource space. You may reach us at Contact@ProvenAndProbable.com.

Sam Broom of Sprott Global Resource Investments, thank you for joining us today on Proven and Probable.

Maurice Jackson is the founder of Proven and Probable, a site that aims to enrich its subscribers through education in precious metals and junior mining companies that will enrich the world.

Want to read more Gold Report articles like this? Sign up for our free e-newsletter, and you'll learn when new articles have been published. To see a list of recent articles and interviews with industry analysts and commentators, visit our Streetwise Interviews page.

Disclosure: 1) Statements and opinions expressed are the opinions of Sam Broom and Maurice Jackson and not of Streetwise Reports or its officers. They are wholly responsible for the validity of the statements. Streetwise Reports was not involved in the content preparation. Sam Broom and Maurice Jackson were not paid by Streetwise Reports LLC for this article. Streetwise Reports was not paid by the author to publish or syndicate this article. 2) This article does not constitute investment advice. Each reader is encouraged to consult with his or her individual financial professional and any action a reader takes as a result of information presented here is his or her own responsibility. By opening this page, each reader accepts and agrees to Streetwise Reports' terms of use and full legal disclaimer. This article is not a solicitation for investment. Streetwise Reports does not render general or specific investment advice and the information on Streetwise Reports should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Streetwise Reports does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company mentioned on Streetwise Reports.

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from https://www.streetwisereports.com/article/2018/04/20/cobalt-and-nickel-two-essential-elements-for-evs.html

[chemicalsubstancesworld]

Ferro-alloys Market Tracker, accurate price forecasts and monthly outlooks

Ferro Alloys Market Key Players

Leading players profiled in the ferro alloys market include Anyang Mingrui Inductry Co., Ltd (China), Felman Production LLC (US), Eramet Marietta Inc. (US), Vietnam Youngsun Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd (China), Chengdu Huarui Industrial Co., Ltd. (China), Atc Alloys Limited (Australia), Georgian American Alloys, Inc. (US), FACOR Group (India), Maithan Alloys Ltd (India), and Tata Steel India (India).

 Feb 2019- Maithan Alloys Limited, a leading manganese alloy producer based in Kolkata is all set to invest about 600 crores both on inorganic and organic expansions in the upcoming three years. This company manufactures various forms of alloy namely ferro silicon, silico manganese and ferro manganese. Besides it is in talks with various companies that are in different phases of insolvency proceedings especially for inorganic expansion.

Market Analysis

The global ferro alloys market is progressing towards a positive direction and is anticipated to touch USD 59.4 billion at 5.1% CAGR over the forecast period (2016-2022). This market is witnessing a noteworthy growth due to the growing application of ferro alloys in various industries including metallurgy, cutlery, automobile bodies, road rails and others. Also called the alloy of iron metal, ferro alloys have one or above chemical additives that are added to molten iron to make steel. It serves a vital function in the steelmaking’s overall process by improving the iron metal’s general properties. Steel making is a key consumer of ferro alloys which consumes a major part of the complete ferroalloys that is produced across the world. The chief function of ferro alloy is in improving the resistance to oxidation, erosion, to other chemical reactions and also resistance to tensile especially in high temperature. The most common and primary using ferro alloys are created with silicon, manganese and chromium. Generally, ferro alloys possess lower melting range compared to the pure elements. In fact, it can be more readily incorporated in molten steel. It is added with liquid steel for attaining a definite chemical composition along with offering properties required for making specific products. Ferro alloys are used in almost every steel including tool, electrical, alloy, stainless, plain carbon and others.

There are various factors that is driving the growth of the ferro alloys market according to MRFR (Market Research Future) Report. These include growing need of steel in different industrial applications, stringent rules laid down by the government for pollution control, increased production of ferro alloys, recovering steel industry with new exporters offering affordable raw materials, modern technology in ferro alloys production and rising consumption of ferro alloys across the world. On the contrary, increasing fuel prices and high consumption of energy during production may hamper the ferro alloys market growth during the forecast period.

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Report :  https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/ferro-alloys-market-2688

 Market Segmentation

As per MRFR report, the global ferro alloys market is segmented on the basis of types and application.

Based on types, it is segmented into ferrovanadium, ferrotungsten, ferrotitanium, ferrosilicon, ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferromanganese, ferrochromium and others. Of these, the ferromanganese segment will have the maximum share in the ferro alloys market.

Based on applications, the ferro alloys market is segmented into metallurgy, cutlery, automobile bodies, road rails and others.

Get a Sample Report Now : https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/2688

 Regional Analysis

Based on region, the ferro alloys market covers growth opportunities and latest trends across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Rest of the World. Of these, the APAC region will lead the ferro alloys market. China is the largest consumer and producer of ferro alloys that dominates this market segment. Rising demand from auto industries and rapid industrialization is expected to fuel the growth of the market. Besides, the growing demand for metallurgy, cutlery, automobile bodies, road rails in Japan, Australia and India has boosted the demand of this market. Europe holds the second largest share owing to the growing demand in different industrial applications which is followed by North America and Middle East. The ferro alloys market in the Rest of the World is poised to grow at a slow pace during the forecast period.

Read more Reports at:

https://www.scribd.com/document/510385866/Phosphorus-Trichloride-Market-Analysis?secret_password=V0GfFKqzCowxKfuQuf1T

 https://www.scribd.com/document/510386058/Polyarylsulfone-Market-Analysis?secret_password=6uDHlPmRTqdTAGN60ok2

  NOTE: Our Team of Researchers is Studying Covid19 and its Impact on Various Industry Verticals and wherever required we will be considering Covid19 Footprints for Better Analysis of Market and Industries. Cordially get in Touch for More Details.

[expertmarketresearch]

Trending News: Covid 19 Impact on Ferroalloys Market 2019 : Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Growth, Analysis, Forecast (2020-2025)

The global ferroalloys market grow at a CAGR of 6.10% in the forecast period of 2020-2025.

Competitive Landscape & Supplier Analysis:

Essel Mining & Industries Limited (EMIL)

D S Alloyd Pvt Ltd

AMG Advanced Metallurgical Group N.V.(AMS: AMG)

Shanghai Shenjia Ferroalloys Co. Ltd.

LekonGermess Ltd

FE Mottram Ltd

Others

Request a Free Sample Report With Table Of Contents: https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/request?type=report&flag=H&id=774

Market Breakup by Process:

Carbothermic Reduction Process

Metallothermic (Alumino Thermic Process)

Hall electrolytic process

By process global ferroalloys market include Carbothermic Reduction Process, Metallothermic (Alumino Thermic Process), Hall electrolytic process.

Read Full Report Description with Table of Contents: https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/ferroalloys-market

Market by Product:

Ferromolybdenum

Ferronickel

Ferrotungsten

Ferrovanadium

Ferroboron

Ferrotitanium

Ferroaluminium

Ferroniobium

Others

The products of global ferroalloys market Ferromolybdenum, Ferronickel, Ferrotungsten, Ferrovanadium, Ferroboron, Ferrotitanium, Ferroaluminium, Ferroniobium, Others.

Market by Application:

High Grade Steel

Superalloys

Welding Electrode

Others

The applications of global ferroalloys market include High Grade Steel, Superalloys, Welding Electrode, Others.

Market by Region:

North America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Latin America

Middle East & Africa

The regional markets for global ferroalloys market include North America, Europe, the Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa.

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https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/aluminium-market https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/advanced-phase-change-materials-market https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/north-america-cross-laminated-timber-market https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/united-states-prestressed-concrete-wire-and-strand-market

About Us:

Expert Market Research is a leading business intelligence firm, providing custom and syndicated market reports along with consultancy services for our clients We serve a wide client base ranging from Fortune 1000 companies to small and medium enterprises Our reports cover over 100 industries across established and emerging markets researched by our skilled analysts who track the latest economic, demographic, trade and market data globally

At EMR, we tailor our approach according to our clients’ needs and preferences, providing them with valuable, actionable and up-to-date insights into the market, thus, helping them realize their optimum growth potential We offer market intelligence across a range of industry verticals which include Pharmaceuticals, Food and Beverage, Technology, Retail, Chemical and Materials, Energy and Mining, Packaging and Agriculture

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[cindy893]

Ferronickel Market Key Player, Growth Forecast from 2020-2026 | Shandong Xinhai Technology, Tsingshan Holding Group, Eramet

The worldwide Ferronickel Market is conscientiously looked into inside the report while generally focusing on top players and their business strategies, topographical development, advertise sections, serious scene, assembling, and evaluating and value structures. Each area of the examination study is extraordinarily arranged to investigate key parts of the overall Ferronickel Market. for instance the market elements segment dives profound into the drivers, limitations, patterns, and chances of the overall Ferronickel Market. With subjective and quantitative synthetic investigation , we help you with intensive and extensive research on the overall Ferronickel Market.

The Objective of Ferronickel market:

The Ferronickel market report has been fragmented into key sections, for example, item types, end-clients, prime areas, and vital players. The perusers can evaluate point by point and strategical data about each fragment. The Ferronickel market report likewise incorporates a mix of measurements about deals, utilization rate, volume, esteem, net edge and the sky is the limit from there

Request Sample Report at: http://www.marketresearchglobe.com/request-sample/1291128

Key players of the Global Ferronickel Market-

Shandong Xinhai Technology

Tsingshan Holding Group

Eramet

Linyi Yichen Alloy

Jiangsu Delong Nickel Industry

Shengyang Group

Anglo American

South32

Koniambo Nickel

Pacific Steel Mfg

Sumitomo Metal Mining

PT Central Omega Resources

SNNC

Vale

PT Antam

Larco

Types is divided into:

Ferronickel（Nickel<15%）

Ferronickel（Nickel15-25%）

Ferronickel（Nickel25-35%）

Others

Applications is divided into:

Stainless Steel Industry

Electronics Industry

Other

The size of Ferronickel market is split supported the merchandise type, purchaser, and application segments. The industry growth of every segment is assessed along side the prediction of their growth within the near future. The relevant data and statistics gathered from the regulatory authorities are portrayed within the report back to assess the event of segments.

Significant Regions covered in this report:

North America, China,Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia, India, Central & South America

Check Discount for Report: http://www.marketresearchglobe.com/check-discount/1291128

The research report renders comprehending insight supported several types and applications. the merchandise types are further collected with the most target being on the price , revenue, rate of growth , market share, etc. Similarly, supported the applications, the report aims the expansion rate, market share of Ferronickel in each application.

The study objectives are:

To analyze and research the worldwide Ferronickel capacity, production, value, consumption, status and forecast.

To specialise in the key Ferronickel manufacturers and study the capacity, production, value, market share and development plans in next few years.

To focuses on the worldwide key manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the market competition landscape, SWOT analysis.

Offers unique insights into the decision-making process for any category which will aid in strategic decision-making.

To analyze the worldwide and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.

Market size estimate of the regionally and internationally focused infotainment marketplace for vehicles.

To analyze the opportunities within the marketplace for stakeholders by identifying the high growth segments.

Unique research methodology supported the dynamics of market.

Scope to hide all potential categories which will assist all stakeholders within the Ferronickel market industry.

Enquire Additional Concerning the Report at: http://www.marketresearchglobe.com/send-an-enquiry/1291128

Customization of this Report: This Ferronickel report could be customized to the customer's requirements. Please contact our sales professional (sales@marketresearchglobe.com), we will ensure you obtain the report which works for your needs.

[andreagillmer]

Cobalt and Nickel: Two Essential Elements for EVs

Source: Maurice Jackson for Streetwise Reports   04/20/2018

As electric vehicles grab a larger share of the automotive market, the sourcing of raw materials becomes increasingly important. Sam Broom of Sprott Global Resource Investments, in this conversation with Maurice Jackson of Proven and Probable, discusses the supply and demand equations for two essential elements in EV batteries, nickel and cobalt.

Maurice Jackson: Welcome to Proven and Probable, where we focus on metals, mining, and more. We are speaking with Sam Broom, an investment executive at Sprott Global Resource Investments. Today, we will discuss nickel and cobalt propositions for his portfolio.

Sam, you've truly carved out a niche for yourself in the nickel and cobalt space. Many speculators don't hear much about these metals and the value propositions that they may present. Let's begin with nickel. At the 10,000-foot level, share with us the supply and demand fundamentals for nickel.

Sam Broom: Nickel is actually quite an interesting market. It was a darling back in the early to mid-, even to late 2000s, up until about 2007–2008, where the price rose dramatically. A lot of people and a lot of speculators made a lot of money in the nickel market in the 2000s.

What happened was the Chinese came up with a new way of producing largely stainless steel, which was the main use for nickel. Formerly, Chinese companies used refined nickel to produce stainless steel. Nickel is a fairly rare metal. There's not a lot of high-quality deposits out there, but the Chinese figured out a way to turn ferronickel, which was basically an iron-rich nickel dirt, a withered rock. You could now use that as a replacement for refined nickel in creating stainless steel.

That truly was almost like a shale oil moment for the nickel market, and drastically changed the cost structure of the industry. It also coincided with the global financial crisis in 2008, and then nickel promptly fell off a cliff. It was trending at about $54,000–55,000 a ton. It was as low as almost $7,000 a ton about a year ago. So that's we're talking an 80% decline over the last 10 years, in terms of the nickel price.

What resulted was all of a sudden you hit this flood of nickel, or iron-rich nickel, nickel pig iron, or ferronickel, that flooded into the market from places like Indonesia and the Philippines. It basically destroyed the price of nickel. If you look at a long-term chart of nickel, the refined nickel stores on the LME, you'll see exactly what happened. Basically, supply went through the roof, and then we saw this huge accumulation of nickel. The nickel market was in a huge surplus for years and years.

To this very day, there are still huge amounts of nickel on the LME, compared to historical norms. That's why a lot of people still steer clear of the market. One key thing to note, though, is for the last few years, the nickel market or the refined nickel market has been in a deficit. If you look at that very same chart, you'll notice that stock piles have been starting to draw down, and that's initially what got my attention. That's a key thing for investors and speculators to keep an eye on.

The draw down has actually been in excess of what I was expecting at this point in the cycle, so clients of mine will know that I've been talking about nickel for the better part of about 6 to 12 months as being a commodity I think could be one of the best performing commodities over the next few years. The tide is turning, and it's actually exceeding my expectations so far.

Maurice Jackson: You made two interesting points here. You have a supply deficit and an 80% reduction in price. That really prompts some unique opportunities. Do you foresee a catalyst that will constrain supply in the future, or add to the demand?

Sam Broom: The main driver that I see moving the nickel price is it's a very crucial ingredient in just about every type of lithium-ion battery there is out there. If you look at all the various chemistries, most of them are very nickel-rich.

What we're seeing or just starting to see is increased buying from those getting set in the electric vehicle space where they don't actually need refined nickel, nickel metal. The EV industry uses nickel sulfate, which is basically a nickel salt, but you can make that. You can process refined nickel into nickel sulfate. We're starting to see a little bit of an impact from that.

Nickel is also what I would term a kind of an affluent commodity. Stainless steel is obviously something that an increasingly wealthy population consumes in greater quantities as they become affluent. Global growth in places like China and in the developing world is driving this nickel drawdown at the moment, but I do foresee that in the near future, probably not in the next 12 months, but maybe 18 to 24 to 36 months down the track, the growth of the electric vehicle industry is going to be what drives refined nickel demand.

The key thing to note here is that all of that additional supply that came onto the market back in the late 2000s with the invention of nickel pig iron is completely unsuitable and unusual in the electrical vehicle space. So basically, that can go towards servicing demand from stainless steel fabrication and production, but it cannot be used at all to create electric vehicles and to go into the cathode of lithium-ion batteries.

In a nutshell, that EV demand is going to directly impact on what we term "class one nickel," which is what the LME stock piles represent.

Maurice Jackson: You hit on some very key points here, and that's a lot of ambiguity that I heard regarding the nickel space. There's excess supply that can be used, and you just addressed it cannot be used. For our readers, please do take note here. But I want to stick with this theme here for the supply deficit. Where is current production coming from and will that remain for the future?

Sam Broom: There are two very different classes of nickel supply here. The pig iron and the ferronickel that's getting fed into the Chinese furnaces, this is the supply that can't be used by electric vehicle fabricators and manufacturers. It's coming from primarily from places like Indonesia and the Philippines.

Basically, what they do is they literally just dig it up, and put it on a ship, and ship it to China, and it's a iron nickel-rich dirt that goes over there. That's where that supply largely comes from. There's a little bit coming out of Australia, but mainly places like New Caledonia, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Class one nickel, or refined nickel, comes from a whole host of other places around the world. A major producer is Russia, with Norilsk Nickel, one of the larger mining companies. Outside of that, another major name you've probably heard of is Voisey's Bay in Canada. Outside of that, there's very little in the way of primary nickel production. It's primary nickel sulfide production, I should say; so, sulfide mines.

We won't get too much into the weeds here, but they are the type of mines that can easily produce refined nickel. They're very rare, and there has been next to no major discoveries, at least in the last five years. The last one I can think of was Sirius Resources, which was run by a legendary Australian prospector, Mark Creasy. It discovered Nova Bollinger back in 2012. That's the last major nickel sulfide discovery that I can think of, so that was over five years ago now.

That gives you an idea about how little nickel exploration there has been and how many new high-quality class one nickel discoveries and new projects are in the pipeline. It's basically non-existent.

Maurice Jackson: Sam, with the exclusion of Canada, how mining friendly are these jurisdictions?

Sam Broom: I guess Russia's pretty topical at the moment with all the sanctions that are going on at the moment. The Norilsk company, the Russian company I mentioned, its share price got smashed 20% yesterday on the news. So, Russia's kind of self-explanatory. I personally think Russia's very cheap right now, but it does come with a high degree of geopolitical risk, given the tensions there.

The ferronickel and the pig iron producers, I would say have a moderate to high degree of geopolitical risk. For those of you who aren't familiar, the Philippines has been doing all sorts of things. There is a lot of talk about cracking down on its mining industry, and banning all sorts of open-pit mining because of the damage that these nickel laterites mines have been causing to the countryside.

I would say there's a relatively high degree of risk and potential disruptions to supply from that side. Outside of that, you're looking at places like Australia, Canada, the U.S., parts of Africa. There's potential around the world, but it's just finding these deposits, because they are so rare and so hard to find that we're just seeing next to nothing come through in terms of new, high-quality sulfide deposits that are capable of cheaply producing class-one nickel.

Maurice Jackson: Give us some numbers here. What are the global costs for production versus the all-in sustained costs on nickel?

Sam Broom: It's hard to give an exact number, but last I checked I would say industry-wide cash costs average somewhere around $4-5 a pound. If you take in all-in sustaining costs, you're probably looking at above $6.50 a pound. If you take into consideration the true cost of production, including capital costs, which you should always do, it's probably above $7 or $8 a pound. Nickel's currently trading at $6.50 a pound, or about $13,000 to $14,000 a ton. By and large, the industry is underwater at these prices.

Maurice Jackson: Switching gears, let's delve into cobalt. At the 10,000-foot level, share with us the supply and demand fundamentals for cobalt.

Sam Broom: Cobalt's completely different to nickel, even though they're often found together. By far and away, the main producer in terms of a jurisdiction of cobalt is the Democratic Republic of Congo, which I would probably describe as a country with the highest geopolitical risk of almost any that I know right now. There's a whole lot of strife in terms of what's happening with the government there. The formerly democratically elected president has failed to step down as he is constitutionally mandated to. That was over a year ago now, so there's a lot of shenanigans going on, a whole lot of conflict, the potential for civil war, and that type of thing. I don't know whether that will happen or not, but some not good things are going on over there.

On top of that, it's a very poor country. There are a lot of historical conflicts between different tribes within the country, and issues like that. It's not a very safe place to have one of the key ingredients for electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries. Some 65% of global supply comes from the DRC, so that's what initially got me interested in cobalt well over a year ago. Here's information that I have put out that explains the situation there.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVt8kfhqGEk

http://www.mining.com/web/why-cobalt-not-lithium-could-be-the-battery-booms-big-commodity-winner/

http://www.mining.com/web/base-metal-breakout-industrial-commodities-threaten-decade-long-downtrend/

Basically, we've got huge amounts of supply coming out of a single country that has extremely elevated geopolitical risk. On the demand side of the equation, the main driver moving forward is going to be the growth of electric vehicles. Now, cobalt, along with nickel and a few other elements, is one of the key ingredients in the cathode component of electric vehicles. It is the ingredient that controls or has a large impact on both the stability and the amount of energy a battery can store. It greatly affects the range of electric vehicles.

I can't see it being replaced any time soon, and I can see a huge increase in demand coming as electric vehicles proliferate. Given we've got an extremely high-risk geopolitical supply backdrop, with an exceptional growth outlook on the demand side, it's a very interesting proposition. Obviously, the cobalt price has already gone up dramatically in the last 12 to 18 months. We're already well into the cobalt price re-rate.

Maurice Jackson: You've already answered part of my question here. The current production is coming from the DRC, and as a speculator, your eyes light up when you have this geopolitical turmoil. Will that change in the future? Do you foresee other production countries coming with production?

Sam Broom: Cobalt's a really interesting one, because it's rare but it's relatively pervasive in very low quantities in rocks around the world. What is really rare is cobalt in economic concentrations. There are many places around the world that have cobalt in economic quantities that it can be mineable. Basically, the main source of cobalt that I see outside of the Congo moving forward is likely to be laterite, the very same type of deposit as the nickel pig iron we talked about earlier; it often has economic quantities of cobalt. The one key jurisdiction I've been focusing on is Australia, because it has the same type of deposits as the Philippines Indonesia and New Caledonia that we've talked about. Yet it's obviously a fair safer jurisdiction.

There are a handful or more of these nickel-cobalt laterite plays in Australia, and that's where I've largely been focusing my attention, because I think that the electric vehicle industry is going to value security of supply over price in the mid- to long term. In other words, they'll be willing to pay up for their nickel and their cobalt, cobalt in particular, if it's been mined in a jurisdiction they're not worried about blowing up into a civil war and losing that supply in six months' time. These companies are spending billions of dollars in capex building these factories. The last thing they need is a supply crunch when it comes to cobalt.

I'm keeping a very close eye on the Australian nickel cobalt play. I will say, though, that these types of plays are more of a speculative investment than an investment-grade proposition. I view them as being almost at the money at current prices. They do require higher prices, nickel in particular, to actually pay off in the long run.

Maurice Jackson: Talk to us about the global costs for production versus the cash costs and the all-in sustaining costs for cobalt.

Sam Broom: It's very hard to say because probably 97% of cobalt is produced as a byproduct. There isn't really a cost curve out there for cobalt that you can examine. Usually it goes as either a credit towards nickel or copper production. Looking at it in terms of the cost to produce cobalt, I don't really have any good figures out there.

What I would say is look at cobalt as a way to render nickel and copper projects economic. For example, there's a company I watch that just put out a feasibility study that the nickel all-in sustaining costs per pound are something like $5 to $6. With the cobalt credits, that drops to about $1. That goes to show you how much the cobalt credits it's getting from its project go towards making these projects economic. Basically, this project would be completely uneconomic at current nickel prices, moderately economic at current prices, and extremely economic at say, $20,000 a ton of nickel.

Maurice Jackson: Thank you for a very comprehensive interview regarding cobalt and nickel. Does Sprott Global Resource Investment still provide a free grading of one's natural resource portfolio at no cost and obligation?

Sam Broom: Absolutely. If you want me to take a look at your portfolio, particularly those with an EV metal and material focus, I'd be more than happy to give you a no obligations ranking of your portfolio. Bear in mind that this is wouldn't be investment advice or anything. It'd be a one to ten ranking. But if you would like to take me up on that offer, my email is sbroom@SprottGlobal.com. I'd be more than happy to receive your request and give you a no obligations ranking there.

You can either attach an Excel attachment, or simply just list your portfolio in bullet point form in the email. With the subject line: Proven and Probable

Maurice Jackson: Do we have a contact phone number for you at Sprott?

Sam Broom: You can reach me at 800-477-7853.

Maurice Jackson: For our readers, we want to remind you to register for the Sprott Natural Resource Symposium, which will be conducted July 17-20 in Vancouver, British Columbia. Just click on the registration tab on our website for free tickets. Featured speakers will be Rick Rule, Doug Casey, Jim Rickards, Jim Grant, just to name a few. We will be present and we look forward to meeting you. Sam, let me ask you this as well, will you be in attendance?

Sam Broom: I am certainly planning on being there. I have my first child due in early August, so as long as that doesn't happen ahead of schedule, I will certainly be there.

Maurice Jackson: All right, look forward to seeing you there. Last but not least, please visit our website, ProvenAndProbable.com, where we interview the most respected names in the natural resource space. You may reach us at Contact@ProvenAndProbable.com.

Sam Broom of Sprott Global Resource Investments, thank you for joining us today on Proven and Probable.

Maurice Jackson is the founder of Proven and Probable, a site that aims to enrich its subscribers through education in precious metals and junior mining companies that will enrich the world.

Want to read more Gold Report articles like this? Sign up for our free e-newsletter, and you'll learn when new articles have been published. To see a list of recent articles and interviews with industry analysts and commentators, visit our Streetwise Interviews page.

Disclosure: 1) Statements and opinions expressed are the opinions of Sam Broom and Maurice Jackson and not of Streetwise Reports or its officers. They are wholly responsible for the validity of the statements. Streetwise Reports was not involved in the content preparation. Sam Broom and Maurice Jackson were not paid by Streetwise Reports LLC for this article. Streetwise Reports was not paid by the author to publish or syndicate this article. 2) This article does not constitute investment advice. Each reader is encouraged to consult with his or her individual financial professional and any action a reader takes as a result of information presented here is his or her own responsibility. By opening this page, each reader accepts and agrees to Streetwise Reports' terms of use and full legal disclaimer. This article is not a solicitation for investment. Streetwise Reports does not render general or specific investment advice and the information on Streetwise Reports should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Streetwise Reports does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company mentioned on Streetwise Reports.

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[jayu123-me]

NOBLE FERROALLOYS MARKET :RISE IN DEMAND FOR FERRONICKEL ALLOY

Key Highlights:

In terms of value, the global noble ferroalloys market is projected to expand at a CAGR of ~ 8% from 2019 to 2027, according to a new research report by TMR on the noble ferroalloys market for the forecast, period of 2019–2027.

In terms of value, the global noble ferroalloys market is expected to reach a value of ~US$ 68 Bn by 2027. The global noble ferroalloys market is driven by a rise in the demand for superalloys and increasing steel production across the globe.

The global noble ferroalloys market in Asia Pacific held a significant share of the global noble ferroalloys market in 2018. Furthermore, the noble ferroalloys market in Asia Pacific is estimated to expand at a CAGR of ~ 8% during the forecast period, owing to an increase in the application of high grade steel in the region.

Based on product, the ferronickel segment accounted for a key share of the global noble ferroalloys market in 2018. Ferrotungsten and ferronickel are estimated to be prominent product segments of the global noble ferroalloys market in the near future.

China and India are major producers and consumers of noble ferroalloys in the world. Significantly high steel production in these countries is a major factor driving the overall demand for ferroalloys in the region.

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Rise in Demand for Ferronickel Alloy

Based on product, the ferronickel segment accounted for a prominent share of the global noble ferroalloys market, in terms of value and volume, in 2018. The ferronickel segment in the global noble ferroalloys market is highly lucrative, due to its low price, less toxicity, and easy availability in the market.

Ferronickel is employed in the manufacture of nickel alloys and austenite stainless steel. It is applied in industries such as engineering, electrical & electronics (E&E), transportation, metal goods & tubular products, and building & construction.

Expansion of the noble ferroalloys market is directly linked to the expansion of the steel industry. Almost 80% of noble ferroalloys produced are employed for steelmaking. After steel, noble ferroalloys are utilized in the production of superalloys and alloys (excluding steel). Thus, the number of noble ferroalloy industries is increasing across the globe, due to consistent expansion of steel-producing companies.  

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Extensive Usage of Noble Ferroalloys in High Grade Steel Application

Based on application, the high grade steel segment held a notable share of the global noble ferroalloys market in 2018. Increase in steel production owing to a rise in the demand for high-grade steel in various end-use industries is a key factor driving the demand for noble ferroalloys.

Noble ferroalloys are added to steel in order to enhance the properties of steel, such as ductility, strength, fatigue, and corrosion resistance. They are extensively employed in the steel industry for the deoxidation of steel and cast iron. Furthermore, the addition of noble alloys helps control the molecular structure of steel and its properties.

Apart from high-grade steel, some noble ferroalloys are also utilized in superalloys. Superalloys are high-performance alloys that exhibit characteristics such as excellent surface stability, good mechanical strength, resistance to deformation and thermal creep, and resistance to oxidation or corrosion. These superalloys are used in the manufacturing of jet engines and the aerospace industry. However, high cost and use in precise applications make superalloys less lucrative as compared to high-grade steel applications.

Asia Pacific Accounts for a Prominent Share in Terms of Volume and Value

Asia Pacific was a prominent market for noble ferroalloys, globally, and accounted for ~ 70% share, in terms of volume and value, in 2018. The noble ferroalloys market in the region is expected to expand at a significant CAGR during the forecast period.

The presence of a large number of steel producers, especially in China and India, where noble ferroalloys are majorly used, is a key factor that is expected to drive the demand for noble ferroalloys in Asia Pacific. Furthermore, Asia Pacific is a leading producer of ferroalloys and steel in the world.

According to the International Stainless Steel Forum (ISF), China accounted for more than 50% of the world stainless steel production in 2018. Countries in Asia, excluding China and South Korea, also registered around 5.8% year-on-year growth in terms of steel production. This is anticipated to be a key factor that is likely to propel the demand for noble ferroalloys.

Favorable demand-supply dynamics in India for the steel industry is driving the demand for noble ferroalloys in the country. Industrial dynamics such as 100 % FDI allowed in the mining sector, exploration of metal & nonmetal ores under the Automatic Route, and outlay of US$ 57.38 Bn budget allocation in infrastructure in order to drive domestic consumption of steel, coupled with increased import duties on China-made ferroalloy products are creating opportunities to boost the domestic consumption of ferroalloys.

Noble Ferroalloys Market: Competition Landscape

The global noble ferroalloys market is highly fragmented with the presence of a large numbers of players. A majority of the manufacturers of noble ferroalloys are located in Asia Pacific, especially in India and China. Prominent manufacturers of noble ferroalloys include Shanghai Shenjia Ferroalloys Co. Ltd., LekonGermess Ltd, FE Mottram Ltd, Global Titanium Inc., Nortech Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd., Team Ferroalloys Pvt. Ltd., and Rama.

Companies are focusing on export to other countries in order to sustain in the noble ferroalloys market.  

[captainvileshmodiworld-blog]

Global Ferronickel Market 2019 | Manufacturers In-Depth Analysis Report to 2024

The latest trending report Global Ferronickel Market 2019-2024 added by DecisionDatabases.com

Ferronickel is a ferroalloy. Its CAS number is 11110-39-7. It is a shiny metallic solid material and can be obtained from the carbothermic reduction of serpentinic minerals, such as serpentine, limonite, or garnierite. It enables the production of products with special electronic, magnetic and catalytic properties.

The worldwide market for Ferronickel is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly 5.8% over the next five years, will reach 16600 million US$ in 2024, from 11800 million US$ in 2019.

This report focuses on the Ferronickel in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.

Browse the complete report and table of contents @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/ip/29868-ferronickel-market-analysis-report

Market Segment by Manufacturers, this report covers

·          Shandong Xinhai Technology

·          Tsingshan Holding Group

·          Eramet

·          Linyi Yichen Alloy

·          Jiangsu Delong Nickel Industry

·          Shengyang Group

·          Anglo American

·          South32

·          Koniambo Nickel

·          Pacific Steel Mfg

·          Sumitomo Metal Mining

·          PT Central Omega Resources

·          SNNC

·          Vale

·          PT Antam

·          Larco

Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis covers

·          North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)

·          Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

·          Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)

·          South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia etc.)

·          Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Market Segment by Type, covers

·          Ferronickel（Nickel<15%）

·          Ferronickel（Nickel15-25%）

·          Ferronickel（Nickel25-35%）

·          Others

Market Segment by Applications, can be divided into

·          Stainless Steel Industry

·          Electronics Industry

·          Other

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The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters: Chapter 1, to describe Ferronickel product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks. Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Ferronickel, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Ferronickel in 2017 and 2018. Chapter 3, the Ferronickel competitive situation, sales, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast. Chapter 4, the Ferronickel breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales, revenue and growth by regions, from 2014 to 2019. Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales, revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2014 to 2019. Chapter 10 and 11, to segment the sales by type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2014 to 2019. Chapter 12, Ferronickel market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2019 to 2024. Chapter 13, 14 and 15, to describe Ferronickel sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.

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[chemicalsubstancesworld]

Ferro-alloys Market Tracker, accurate price forecasts and monthly outlooks

Ferro Alloys Market Key Players

Leading players profiled in the ferro alloys market include Anyang Mingrui Inductry Co., Ltd (China), Felman Production LLC (US), Eramet Marietta Inc. (US), Vietnam Youngsun Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd (China), Chengdu Huarui Industrial Co., Ltd. (China), Atc Alloys Limited (Australia), Georgian American Alloys, Inc. (US), FACOR Group (India), Maithan Alloys Ltd (India), and Tata Steel India (India).

 Feb 2019- Maithan Alloys Limited, a leading manganese alloy producer based in Kolkata is all set to invest about 600 crores both on inorganic and organic expansions in the upcoming three years. This company manufactures various forms of alloy namely ferro silicon, silico manganese and ferro manganese. Besides it is in talks with various companies that are in different phases of insolvency proceedings especially for inorganic expansion.

Market Analysis

The global ferro alloys market is progressing towards a positive direction and is anticipated to touch USD 59.4 billion at 5.1% CAGR over the forecast period (2016-2022). This market is witnessing a noteworthy growth due to the growing application of ferro alloys in various industries including metallurgy, cutlery, automobile bodies, road rails and others. Also called the alloy of iron metal, ferro alloys have one or above chemical additives that are added to molten iron to make steel. It serves a vital function in the steelmaking’s overall process by improving the iron metal’s general properties. Steel making is a key consumer of ferro alloys which consumes a major part of the complete ferroalloys that is produced across the world. The chief function of ferro alloy is in improving the resistance to oxidation, erosion, to other chemical reactions and also resistance to tensile especially in high temperature. The most common and primary using ferro alloys are created with silicon, manganese and chromium. Generally, ferro alloys possess lower melting range compared to the pure elements. In fact, it can be more readily incorporated in molten steel. It is added with liquid steel for attaining a definite chemical composition along with offering properties required for making specific products. Ferro alloys are used in almost every steel including tool, electrical, alloy, stainless, plain carbon and others.

There are various factors that is driving the growth of the ferro alloys market according to MRFR (Market Research Future) Report. These include growing need of steel in different industrial applications, stringent rules laid down by the government for pollution control, increased production of ferro alloys, recovering steel industry with new exporters offering affordable raw materials, modern technology in ferro alloys production and rising consumption of ferro alloys across the world. On the contrary, increasing fuel prices and high consumption of energy during production may hamper the ferro alloys market growth during the forecast period.

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Report :  https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/ferro-alloys-market-2688

 Market Segmentation

As per MRFR report, the global ferro alloys market is segmented on the basis of types and application.

Based on types, it is segmented into ferrovanadium, ferrotungsten, ferrotitanium, ferrosilicon, ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferromanganese, ferrochromium and others. Of these, the ferromanganese segment will have the maximum share in the ferro alloys market.

Based on applications, the ferro alloys market is segmented into metallurgy, cutlery, automobile bodies, road rails and others.

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 Regional Analysis

Based on region, the ferro alloys market covers growth opportunities and latest trends across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Rest of the World. Of these, the APAC region will lead the ferro alloys market. China is the largest consumer and producer of ferro alloys that dominates this market segment. Rising demand from auto industries and rapid industrialization is expected to fuel the growth of the market. Besides, the growing demand for metallurgy, cutlery, automobile bodies, road rails in Japan, Australia and India has boosted the demand of this market. Europe holds the second largest share owing to the growing demand in different industrial applications which is followed by North America and Middle East. The ferro alloys market in the Rest of the World is poised to grow at a slow pace during the forecast period.

Read more Reports at:

https://www.scribd.com/document/510385866/Phosphorus-Trichloride-Market-Analysis?secret_password=V0GfFKqzCowxKfuQuf1T

 https://www.scribd.com/document/510386058/Polyarylsulfone-Market-Analysis?secret_password=6uDHlPmRTqdTAGN60ok2

  NOTE: Our Team of Researchers is Studying Covid19 and its Impact on Various Industry Verticals and wherever required we will be considering Covid19 Footprints for Better Analysis of Market and Industries. Cordially get in Touch for More Details.

[moinpatni-blog]

Ferro Alloys Market Outlook to 2022 Update Market Trends Regulations and Competitive Landscape

Ferro Alloys Market:

The global ferro alloys market is expected to witness a significant growth of 5.1% and is expected to reach USD 59.4 billion by 2022.

Ferroalloy is produced by the carbothermic reaction process. Ferro Alloys is one of the most important material to produce steels. The main function of alloy is to enhance the resistance to erosion, oxidation, resistance to tensile in high temperature, and resistance with other chemical reactions. The primary and most using ferroalloys are formed with chromium, manganese, and silicon. Ferrosilicon is used to shelter the loss of carbon from molten steel during manufacturing of steel and ferrous alloys. Ferrochromium help to enhance degradation resistance while manufacturing of stainless steels.

Whereas Ferromanganese is used in production of steel and cast iron to avoiding counteract of the others chemical reactions of sulfur. Ferroalloys are firstly incorporated with the iron and steel industries, but now they are used to produce many of the most advanced materials in use today. These involves metal alloys for extremely high temperature service applications such as resistance with high melting point, like gas turbines and stainless steels for superior corrosion resistance. Materials used for parts that are exposed to high loads and that transmit mechanical power are also manufactured using them.

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Market Application:

Data integration and capabilities are analyzed to support the findings and study the predicted geographical segmentations. Various key variables and regression models were considered to calculate the trajectory of ferro alloys market. Detailed analysis is explained and given importance to with best working models.

Geographically, the segmentation is done into several key regions like North America, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific, Europe and Latin America. The production, consumption, revenue, shares in mill UDS, growth rate of ferro alloys market during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022 is well explained.

The ongoing market trends of ferro alloys market and the key factors impacting the growth prospects are elucidated. With increase in the trend, the factors affecting the trend are mentioned with perfect reasons. Top manufactures, price, revenue, market share are explained to give a depth of idea on the competitive side.

Regional Analysis:

Geographically, Asia-Pacific region leads the Global Ferro Alloys market. China being largest producer and consumer of Ferro Alloys dominates the market segment. Rapid industrialization and huge demand from automobile industries is likely to drive the Ferro Alloys market growth. Growing demand for road rails, automobile bodies, cutlery, metallurgy, and others in China, India, Australia and Japan has boosted the Ferro Alloys market demand. Additionally Europe found at a second position due to demand in various industrial applications followed by North America and Middle East.

Segment Analysis:

The global ferro alloys market is majorly segmented on the basis of types, application, and region. Based on types of ferro alloys the market is segmented into ferrochromium, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, ferronickel, ferrosilicon, ferrotitanium, ferrotungsten, ferrovanadium, and others. Based on applications the market segmented into road rails, automobile bodies, cutlery, metallurgy, and others.

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