#FR4 Epoxy Fiberglass Board

[cylexplastics]

G10 & FR4 Sheet: Cutting Edge Technology in Materials Science

In today’s rapidly developing science and technology field, materials science is gradually becoming a key factor in promoting social progress and industrial upgrading. As an important part of materials science, G10 and FR4 sheet play a key role in many engineering applications, demonstrating the charm of cutting-edge technology. This article will delve into the cutting-edge technologies of G10…

[tonymattblog]

Mastering Glass Epoxy Solutions with Expert Craftsmanship

At Hason Industries, we take pride in crafting a diverse range of specialized parts, including the exceptional Glass Epoxy Slot Wedges and Spacers, tailored to meet the needs of various mechanical and electrical applications.

Applications in Electrical and Electronic Implementations

Our Glass Epoxy Components are designed to cater to a wide array of uses, from circuit board applications to insulation purposes and protective housing for electrical assemblies. These components provide essential spacer elements for insulation while offering robust structural integration for sectors such as aviation and automotive.

Performance in Challenging Conditions

Our Glass Epoxy Components are engineered to withstand elevated heat conditions, making them ideal for industrial-grade spacers for insulation purposes. With unparalleled insulative performance for Slot Wedges and resistance to moisture, they are optimized for electronic device insulation.

Mechanical Robustness and Heat Tolerance

The durability of our Glass Epoxy Components shines through their endurance under stress and flexural forces, ensuring longevity with resistance to impacts. They maintain integrity at various temperatures, making them suitable for environments exposed to heat while retaining stable dimensions despite thermal shifts.

Resistance to Chemicals and Dimensional Consistency

Our components boast the capability to endure multiple chemical interactions, making them perfect for chemically aggressive conditions. They also exhibit unwavering form amidst thermal variations and unmatched accuracy for precision components.

Epoxy Sheet Selection and Advantages

We offer an array of options including G11 category Glass Epoxy Parts, FR4 grade Glass Epoxy Slot Wedges, and variants of Epoxy Fiberglass Sheets. These selections boast advantages such as being impervious to corrosive elements, rigid without excess weight, resilient to shocks and continual wear, simplifying assembly procedures while being cost-effective in maintenance with inherent electrical insulation.

Why Choose Hason Industries?

Hason Industries stands as the benchmark for robustness and insulative integrity in Glass Epoxy Components. Our products represent precision engineering excellence that ensures steadfast performance and reliability even in critical situations.

Frequently Asked Questions about Glass Epoxy Components

What are Glass Epoxy Components?

Glass Epoxy Components are durable composite materials made from fiberglass and epoxy resin utilized in electrical and mechanical systems for their insulative properties. These include Glass Epoxy Slot Wedges and Spacers used in equipment like circuit boards, electrical panels, and machinery.

Can Glass Epoxy Slot Wedges handle extreme temperatures?

Yes! Our Glass Epoxy Slot Wedges are known for their excellent thermal stability which allows them to function effectively in high-temperature scenarios without losing their shape or properties.

What benefits do Glass Epoxy Spacers provide in electrical applications?

Glass Epoxy Spacers play a crucial role by providing insulation between components which helps prevent electrical leakage while contributing to the longevity of the structure they are part of.

How do the properties contribute to longevity?

The composite nature grants superior mechanical strength alongside resistance to chemicals and environmental stressors resulting in long-lasting components with minimal maintenance requirements.

Are there special considerations for installation?

While designed for straightforward installation, it’s essential to ensure correct sizing placement within the system for optimal performance due to their lightweight nature allowing hassle-free installation process.

Why choose over other insulating materials?

Glass Epoxy Components offer a unique combination of electrical insulation, mechanical strength thermal resistance making them more versatile reliable than traditional insulating materials especially in demanding or precision-required applications.

Ready To Master Your Craft?

Discover engineering excellence with Hason Industries! Choose us as your partner in crafting top-notch Glass Epoxy Components that promise unmatched quality even in critical situations.

[ecoamerica]

Watch the American Climate Leadership Awards 2024 now: https://youtu.be/bWiW4Rp8vF0?feature=shared

The American Climate Leadership Awards 2024 broadcast recording is now available on ecoAmerica's YouTube channel for viewers to be inspired by active climate leaders. Watch to find out which finalist received the $50,000 grand prize! Hosted by Vanessa Hauc and featuring Bill McKibben and Katharine Hayhoe!

[cynthia-hitechpcba]

Aluminium PCB

1. What’s Aluminium LED PCB?

Aluminum LED PCB substrate is a metal - based copper-clad sheet with good heat dissipation. A single panel is generally composed of three layers of structure, namely the circuit layer (copper foil), insulation layer and metal base layer. It is commonly found in LED lighting products. There are two sides, the white side is used to weld the LED pins, and the other side is the natural color of aluminum, which is usually coated with heat-conducting gel and then in contact with the heat-conducting part. Among all metal core PCBS, Aluminum LED PCB is the most common type. The base material consists of an aluminum core and standard FR4. It features a thermal cladding that dissipates heat in an efficient manner while cooling components and improving the overall performance of the product. Currently, aluminum-backed PCBS are considered solutions for high power and tight tolerance applications.

2. Aluminum LED PCB with Copper Layer, Dielectric Layer & Aluminum Layer

Aluminum LED PCB has a similar layout to any other printed circuit boards with copper layer(s), solder mask layer(s) and silkscreen(s). Instead of having a fiberglass or plastic substrate, Aluminum LED PCB is made from metal core substrate, which consists of copper layer, dielectric layer and aluminum layer. This substrate is called as Aluminum based copper clad laminate (CCL). The glass reinforced and ceramic filled dielectric layer in-between copper layer and aluminum layer is very thin, but plays a very important role of electric insulation and thermal conductivity (because of minimum thermal resistance) from copper layer to aluminum base. The copper is etched into conductors and metal base is to withdraw thermal (/heat). The superior heat transfer capacity of Aluminum-based PCB helps cooling components while eliminating problems associated with managing fragile ceramics.

3. Thermal conductivity of Aluminium LED PCB

The general thermal conductivity of Aluminum LED PCB is 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 122W/m.k, etc., among which 0.3-1.0w /m.k is the general conductive Aluminum LED PCB, 1.5W/m.k is the middle conductive Aluminum LED PCB, 2.0-3.0w /m.k is the high conductive Aluminum LED PCB. 5.0W/m.k is thin abasal substrate, and 122W/m.k is ultra-high conductivity Aluminum LED PCB, also known as ALC Aluminum LED PCB.

At present, the common Aluminum LED PCB on the market has a thermal conductivity of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0W/m.k high conductivity type Aluminium LED, wherein the thermal conductivity of 1.0W/m.k Aluminum LED PCB is called general Aluminum LED PCB, its insulation layer is composed of epoxy glass cloth bonded sheet; Aluminum LED PCB with thermal conductivity of 1.5W/m.k is called high heat dissipation Aluminum LED PCB, and its insulation layer is composed of epoxy resin or other resins with high thermal conductivity; The Aluminum LED PCB with a thermal conductivity of 2.0W/m.k is called the Aluminum LED PCB for high-frequency circuit, and the insulating layer is composed of polyolefin resin or Polyimide resin glass cloth bonded sheet. The thermal conductivity of Aluminum LED PCB varies according to the copper layer in the circuit. Different processes produce different levels of thermal conductivity.

We currently support Aluminum based CCLs from Ventec, GDM and BoYu with thermal conductivity from 1.0 ~ 7 W/m•K. The Aluminum LED PCB prices of Ventec is much higher than that with GDM and BOYU since material cost, and the prices of high thermal conductivity is higher than low thermal conductivity. Hitechpcb provides a wide range of electrical and thermally conductive interface pads, thermally conductive gap filler, thermal phase change materials and thermally conductive electrically insulating materials, as well as specialized equipment for high volume Aluminum LED PCB manufacturing. Choosing Hitech Circuits PCB as your Aluminum LED PCB supplier, just send your Gerber files and fabrication notes to us, we will deliver qualitied PCB boards to you on time.

4. Dielectric Constant of Aluminium LED PCB

The dielectric constant of Aluminum LED PCB substrate is a special detection method for Aluminum LED PCB. It is a variable Q value series resonance method through the measurement of dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor. The sample and tuning capacitor are connected in series to the high frequency circuit to measure the series circuit The principle of Q value.

The performance of Aluminum LED PCB includes requirements such as peel strength, surface resistivity, minimum breakdown voltage, dielectric constant, flammability and thermal resistance.

5. Aluminum LED PCB with White Solder Mask

The retail price of Aluminum LED lights has dropped dramatically in recent years, while the energy efficiency and brightness of LED lights have improved. These technological advances have led some to predict annual growth of 45% over the next five years. With the development of the LED industry, the demand for LED PCBS and solder masks is also increasing. Solder shield is a protective coating applied to exposed printed circuit boards. The exposed PCB board is covered with a mask to prevent accidental solder bridging during PCB assembly and to protect the PCB from the environment. Solder masks are traditionally green, and are expected to withstand the high temperatures that occur in reflow soldering, as different colors such as blue, red, or black will occasionally appear. Increased production of Hitch Aluminum LED PCB requires increased whiteness and color stability of the mask. Aluminum LED PCB commonly used LPI welding color is white and black, of which white welding color is the most commonly used to achieve high brightness and perfect light reflection. White Aluminum LED PCB ensures no darkening and will not affect the color temperature of LED smd. At the same time, it also helps to increase the life of LED applications. Looking for reliable Aluminum LED PCB suppliers, Hitech is a good choice.

6. Classification of Aluminum LED PCB Substrate

Aluminum LED PCB-based copper clad plates are divided into three categories:

The first is the universal aluminum-based copper clad plate, the insulation layer is composed of epoxy glass cloth bonded sheet;

The second is the high heat dissipation aluminum-based copper-clad plate, the insulation layer is composed of high thermal conductivity epoxy resin or other resins;

Third, high frequency circuit aluminum base copper plate, insulation layer by polyolefin resin or Polyimide resin glass cloth bonded sheet.

The biggest difference between aluminum clad copper plate and conventional FR-4 clad copper plate is heat dissipation. Compared with 1.5mm thickness of FR-4 clad copper plate and aluminum clad copper plate, the former thermal resistance of 20 ~ 22 ℃, the latter thermal resistance of 1.0 ~ 2.0℃, the latter is much smaller.

7. Aluminum LED PCB Performance:

(1) Heat dissipation

Many double panel, multi - layer plate high density, power, heat distribution is difficult. Conventional printed board substrates such as FR4, CEM3 are bad conductors of heat, insulation between layers, heat does not escape. Local heating of electronic equipment is not excluded, leading to high temperature failure of electronic components, and Aluminum LED PCB can solve this problem of heat dissipation.

(2) Thermal Expansibility

Thermal expansion and cold contraction is the common nature of substances, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of different substances is different. Aluminum based printed board can effectively solve the problem of heat dissipation, so that the printed board components of different substances on the thermal expansion and contraction problem, improve the durability and reliability of the whole machine and electronic equipment. Especially solve SMT (surface mount technology) thermal expansion and shrinkage problems.

(3) Dimensional stability

Aluminum-based printed boards are obviously much more stable in size than those made of insulating materials. Aluminum base printed board, aluminum sandwich board, heating from 30℃ to 140~150℃, the size change is 2.5~3.0%.

(4) Other reasons

Aluminum based printed board, with shielding effect; Instead of brittle ceramic substrate; Safe use of surface mounting technology; Reducing the real effective area of the printed board; Instead of radiator and other components, improve the heat resistance and physical properties of products; Reduce production costs and labor.

8. Why choose Aluminum LED PCB from Hitechpcb? What are the advantages of Aluminum LED PCB?

(1) Good heat dissipation performance: Aluminum LED PCB can reduce the thermal resistance to the minimum, has a smaller thermal resistance, thermal expansion coefficient is closer to copper foil, so that Aluminum LED PCB has excellent thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance, reduce the module operating temperature, prolong the service life.

High current load: Using the same thickness, the same line width, Aluminum LED PCB substrate can carry higher current.

(2) Good machinability: can replace ceramic substrate, better mechanical endurance. At the same time, high strength and toughness, can realize large area printed board manufacturing and component mounting.

(3) Good electromagnetic shielding: In order to ensure the performance of electronic circuits, some components of electronic products need to prevent electromagnetic radiation and interference. Aluminum LED PCB can act as a shield plate, play the role of shielding electromagnetic wave

(4) Environmental protection: The Aluminum LED PCB used in the raw material is non-toxic and can be recycled. Meet RoHs requirements.

(5)Light weight: Aluminum LED PCB has a surprisingly light weight with excellent strength and elasticity, which is very convenient.

Hitech Circuits can provide high quality and affordable Aluminum LED PCB products for you.

9. Technical requirements for Aluminum LED PCB

The main technical requirements are:

1. Dimensional requirements: including panel size and deviation, thickness and deviation, perpendicularity and warpage; Appearance, including cracks, scratches, burrs and delimitation, aluminum oxide film, etc.

2. Performance requirements, including peel strength, surface resistively, minimum breakdown voltage, dielectric constant, combustion and thermal resistance requirements.

10. Special test method for Aluminum-based copper clad plates

One is the measurement method of dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor. It is the series resonance method with variable Q value. The sample and tuned capacitor are connected to the high-frequency circuit in series to measure the Q value of the series circuit.

The other is the measurement method of thermal resistance, which is calculated by the ratio of temperature difference and heat conduction between different temperature measurement points.

11. The Aluminum LED PCB manufacturing process in Hitechpcba

(1)Substrate cutting

a. cutting process: material → cutting

b. Note: ① Check the size of the first piece; ② Pay attention to Aluminum surface scratching and copper surface scratching; ③ Pay attention to the layering of the board edge and the tip.

(2)Plate drilling

a, drilling process: pin → drilling → inspection plate

b, matters needing attention: ① check the number of drilling holes, the size of the empty chestnut chain; ② Check the plate burr, hole deviation; ③ Avoid scratching the substrate; ④ Check and replace the drill nozzle.

(3) Imaging transfer

a, graphic imaging process: grinding plate → film → exposure → development

b, precautions: ① Check whether there is an open circuit after development; ② Pay attention to the poor line caused by the board wipe; ③ There can be no air residual exposure to prevent poor exposure; ④ Whether there is deviation in developing counterpoint; ⑤ After exposure, the development should be done at rest for more than 15 minutes.

(4)Solder mask and Silkscreen process

a, kill row silk printing resistance welding, character process: screen printing → pre-baking → exposure → development → character

b, matters needing attention: ① Check whether there is foreign body on the board; ② Pay attention to the cleaning of the net board; ③ Pre-bake for more than 30 minutes after screen printing, to avoid bubbles in the line; ④ Pay attention to the thickness and uniformity of screen printing; ⑤ After the pre-baked plate to completely mutual cooling, avoid touching film or damage to the ink surface gloss.

(5)E-test or flying probe test

a, test process: line test → withstand voltage test

b, precautions: ① How to distinguish after the test how to store qualified and unqualified products.

(6)FQC, FQA, packaging, shipping

a. Process: FQC→FQA→ Packaging → shipping

b. Note: ① FQC should pay attention to the confirmation of the appearance of the finished Aluminum LED PCB in the process of eye inspection and make a reasonable distinction; ② FQA does spot check and verify the inspection standards of FQC; ③ We should confirm the number of packages to avoid mixed plates, wrong plates and package

12. Application of Aluminum LED PCB

1. Audio devices: input, output amplifier, balance amplifier, audio amplifier, preamplifier, power amplifier.

2. Power Supply: switching voltage regulator, DC/AC converter, SW voltage regulator, etc.

3. Communication electronic equipment: high frequency amplifier, filter, transmitter circuit

4. Office automation equipment: motor drive, etc

5. Automobile: electronic regulator, ignition device, power controller, etc.

6. Computer :CPU board, floppy disk drive, power equipment, etc.

7. Power module: converter, solid relay, rectifier bridge, etc

8. Lamps and lighting: A variety of colorful LED energy-saving lamps are well received by the market, and Aluminum LED PCB used in LED lights has also begun to be applied on a large scale.

13. Aluminum LED PCB Storage Conditions

Aluminum LED PCB are generally stored in a dark and dry environment. Most Aluminum LED tube lighting metal core pcb are prone to dampness, yellowing, and blackening. Generally, they should be used within 48 hours after opening the vacuum package.

14. Specification for the manufacture of Aluminum LED PCB

a. Aluminum LED PCB is often used in power devices, power density is high, so the copper foil is thicker. If copper foils over 3oz are used, the etching of thick copper foils requires engineered line width compensation, otherwise the line width will be out of tolerance after etching.

b. The aluminum base surface of aluminum substrate must be protected by protective film in advance during PCB processing, otherwise, some chemicals will etch the aluminum base surface, resulting in appearance damage. And the protective film is easy to be hurt, resulting in gaps, which requires the whole PCB processing process must be inserted.

c. The hardness of the milling cutter used by the glass fiber board gong board is relatively small, and the hardness of the milling cutter used by the aluminum substrate is large. In the process of manufacturing glass fiber board milling cutter speed, while the production of aluminum substrate is at least two thirds slower.

d, computer milling glass fiber board is just the use of the machine's own cooling system, but the processing of aluminum substrate must be in addition to alcohol heat dissipation for the gong head.

15. Aluminum LED PCB circuit fabrication

(1) Mechanical processing: Drilling of aluminum substrate can be done, but no burr is allowed on the edge of the inner hole after drilling, which will affect the pressure test. Milling the shape is very difficult. And punching shape, need to use advanced mold, mold production is very skilled, as one of the difficulties of aluminum substrate. After shape punching, the edge should be very neat, without any burr, and do not hurt the welding resistance layer on the edge of the plate. Usually the use of soldier die, hole from the line, shape from the aluminum surface, circuit board punching force is cut down, and so on are skills. After punching the shape, the warpage of the board should be less than 0.5%.

(2) The whole production process is not allowed to wipe the aluminum base surface: aluminum base touch, or by a certain chemical will produce surface discoloration, blackening, which is absolutely unacceptable, re-polishing aluminum base some customers do not receive, so the whole process does not touch the aluminum base surface is one of the difficulties in the production of aluminum base plate. Some enterprises use passivation process, some in hot air leveling (spray tin) before and after each pasted protective film.

(3) Over-high voltage test: the aluminum base board of the communication power supply shall be tested at 100% high voltage. Some customers require direct current or alternating current. The voltage shall be 1500V or 1600V, and the time shall be 5 seconds or 10 seconds. Dirt on the board, holes and aluminum edge burr, line saw tooth, damage to any little insulation layer will lead to high voltage test fire, leakage, breakdown. Pressure test board stratification, foaming, are rejected.

[megapluspcbusa]

Understanding the Basics of Rigid Circuits in Electronics

In the world of electronics manufacturing, rigid circuits play a fundamental role in the design and fabrication of printed circuit boards (PCBs). These circuits, also known as rigid PCBs, serve as the backbone of electronic devices and systems, providing a sturdy platform for mounting components and facilitating the flow of electrical signals. In this article, we'll explore the basics of rigid circuits, their construction, and their applications in various industries.

1. Construction of Rigid Circuits

Rigid circuits are typically composed of a rigid substrate material, such as fiberglass epoxy laminate, commonly referred to as FR4. The substrate provides mechanical support and insulation for the circuit traces and components mounted on the board. Copper traces are etched onto the substrate to create the conductive pathways that connect the various components and form the circuit. These traces are typically plated with solder to facilitate component attachment during assembly.

2. Types of Rigid Circuits

Rigid circuits come in various types and configurations to suit different applications and design requirements. Some common types of rigid circuits include:

Single-sided PCBs: These consist of a single layer of substrate material with copper traces on one side.

Double-sided PCBs: These have copper traces on both sides of the substrate, connected via plated through-holes or vias.

Multilayer PCBs: These consist of multiple layers of substrate material with copper traces sandwiched between them. The layers are interconnected via vias to create complex circuit designs with higher component density and improved signal integrity.

High-frequency PCBs: These are designed to operate at high frequencies and may incorporate specialized materials and construction techniques to minimize signal loss and impedance mismatch.

3. Applications of Rigid Circuits

Rigid circuits are used in a wide range of electronic devices and systems across industries. Some common applications include:

Consumer electronics: Rigid circuits are found in smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other consumer devices where compact size and high performance are essential.

Automotive electronics: Rigid circuits are used in automotive control systems, engine management systems, infotainment systems, and other vehicle components.

Industrial controls: Rigid circuits are employed in industrial automation equipment, machinery, robotics, and process control systems.

Aerospace and defense: Rigid circuits are utilized in avionics, navigation systems, communication systems, radar systems, and other aerospace and defense applications where reliability and performance are critical.

4. Advantages of Rigid Circuits

Rigid circuits offer several advantages over other types of circuit boards, including:

Mechanical stability and durability

Excellent electrical performance

Compatibility with surface mount technology (SMT)

Ease of assembly and testing

Cost-effectiveness for high-volume production

Conclusion

Rigid circuits are essential components in modern electronics, providing a robust platform for building complex electronic systems. With their versatility, reliability, and performance, rigid circuits continue to be a preferred choice for engineers and designers seeking high-quality solutions for their electronic designs. Whether in consumer electronics, automotive systems, industrial controls, or aerospace applications, rigid circuits play a vital role in powering the devices and technologies that shape our world.

[perlina-hitechcircuits]

What’s Aluminium LED PCB?

Aluminum LED PCB substrate is a metal - based copper-clad sheet with good heat dissipation. A single panel is generally composed of three layers of structure, namely the circuit layer (copper foil), insulation layer and metal base layer. It is commonly found in LED lighting products. There are two sides, the white side is used to weld the LED pins, and the other side is the natural color of aluminum, which is usually coated with heat-conducting gel and then in contact with the heat-conducting part. Among all metal core PCBS, Aluminum LED PCB is the most common type. The base material consists of an aluminum core and standard FR4. It features a thermal cladding that dissipates heat in an efficient manner while cooling components and improving the overall performance of the product. Currently, aluminum-backed PCBS are considered solutions for high power and tight tolerance applications.

2. Aluminum LED PCB with Copper Layer, Dielectric Layer & Aluminum Layer

Aluminum LED PCB has a similar layout to any other printed circuit boards with copper layer(s), solder mask layer(s) and silkscreen(s). Instead of having a fiberglass or plastic substrate, Aluminum LED PCB is made from metal core substrate, which consists of copper layer, dielectric layer and aluminum layer. This substrate is called as Aluminum based copper clad laminate (CCL). The glass reinforced and ceramic filled dielectric layer in-between copper layer and aluminum layer is very thin, but plays a very important role of electric insulation and thermal conductivity (because of minimum thermal resistance) from copper layer to aluminum base. The copper is etched into conductors and metal base is to withdraw thermal (/heat). The superior heat transfer capacity of Aluminum-based PCB helps cooling components while eliminating problems associated with managing fragile ceramics.

3. Thermal conductivity of Aluminium LED PCB

The general thermal conductivity of Aluminum LED PCB is 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 122W/m.k, etc., among which 0.3-1.0w /m.k is the general conductive Aluminum LED PCB, 1.5W/m.k is the middle conductive Aluminum LED PCB, 2.0-3.0w /m.k is the high conductive Aluminum LED PCB. 5.0W/m.k is thin abasal substrate, and 122W/m.k is ultra-high conductivity Aluminum LED PCB, also known as ALC Aluminum LED PCB.

At present, the common Aluminum LED PCB on the market has a thermal conductivity of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0W/m.k high conductivity type Aluminium LED, wherein the thermal conductivity of 1.0W/m.k Aluminum LED PCB is called general Aluminum LED PCB, its insulation layer is composed of epoxy glass cloth bonded sheet; Aluminum LED PCB with thermal conductivity of 1.5W/m.k is called high heat dissipation Aluminum LED PCB, and its insulation layer is composed of epoxy resin or other resins with high thermal conductivity; The Aluminum LED PCB with a thermal conductivity of 2.0W/m.k is called the Aluminum LED PCB for high-frequency circuit, and the insulating layer is composed of polyolefin resin or Polyimide resin glass cloth bonded sheet. The thermal conductivity of Aluminum LED PCB varies according to the copper layer in the circuit. Different processes produce different levels of thermal conductivity.

We currently support Aluminum based CCLs from Ventec, GDM and BoYu with thermal conductivity from 1.0 ~ 7 W/m•K. The Aluminum LED PCB prices of Ventec is much higher than that with GDM and BOYU since material cost, and the prices of high thermal conductivity is higher than low thermal conductivity. Hitechpcb provides a wide range of electrical and thermally conductive interface pads, thermally conductive gap filler, thermal phase change materials and thermally conductive electrically insulating materials, as well as specialized equipment for high volume Aluminum LED PCB manufacturing. Choosing Hitech Circuits PCB as your Aluminum LED PCB supplier, just send your Gerber files and fabrication notes to us, we will deliver qualitied PCB boards to you on time.

4. Dielectric Constant of Aluminium LED PCB

The dielectric constant of Aluminum LED PCB substrate is a special detection method for Aluminum LED PCB. It is a variable Q value series resonance method through the measurement of dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor. The sample and tuning capacitor are connected in series to the high frequency circuit to measure the series circuit The principle of Q value.

The performance of Aluminum LED PCB includes requirements such as peel strength, surface resistivity, minimum breakdown voltage, dielectric constant, flammability and thermal resistance.

5. Classification of Aluminum LED PCB Substrate

Aluminum LED PCB-based copper clad plates are divided into three categories:

The first is the universal aluminum-based copper clad plate, the insulation layer is composed of epoxy glass cloth bonded sheet;

The second is the high heat dissipation aluminum-based copper-clad plate, the insulation layer is composed of high thermal conductivity epoxy resin or other resins;

Third, high frequency circuit aluminum base copper plate, insulation layer by polyolefin resin or Polyimide resin glass cloth bonded sheet.

The biggest difference between aluminum clad copper plate and conventional FR-4 clad copper plate is heat dissipation. Compared with 1.5mm thickness of FR-4 clad copper plate and aluminum clad copper plate, the former thermal resistance of 20 ~ 22 ℃, the latter thermal resistance of 1.0 ~ 2.0℃, the latter is much smaller.

6. Aluminum LED PCB Performance:

(1) Heat dissipation

Many double panel, multi - layer plate high density, power, heat distribution is difficult. Conventional printed board substrates such as FR4, CEM3 are bad conductors of heat, insulation between layers, heat does not escape. Local heating of electronic equipment is not excluded, leading to high temperature failure of electronic components, and Aluminum LED PCB can solve this problem of heat dissipation.

(2) Thermal Expansibility

Thermal expansion and cold contraction is the common nature of substances, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of different substances is different. Aluminum based printed board can effectively solve the problem of heat dissipation, so that the printed board components of different substances on the thermal expansion and contraction problem, improve the durability and reliability of the whole machine and electronic equipment. Especially solve SMT (surface mount technology) thermal expansion and shrinkage problems.

(3) Dimensional stability

Aluminum-based printed boards are obviously much more stable in size than those made of insulating materials. Aluminum base printed board, aluminum sandwich board, heating from 30℃ to 140~150℃, the size change is 2.5~3.0%.

(4) Other reasons

Aluminum based printed board, with shielding effect; Instead of brittle ceramic substrate; Safe use of surface mounting technology; Reducing the real effective area of the printed board; Instead of radiator and other components, improve the heat resistance and physical properties of products; Reduce production costs and labor.

7. Why choose Aluminum LED PCB from Hitechpcb? What are the advantages of Aluminum LED PCB?

(1) Good heat dissipation performance: Aluminum LED PCB can reduce the thermal resistance to the minimum, has a smaller thermal resistance, thermal expansion coefficient is closer to copper foil, so that Aluminum LED PCB has excellent thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance, reduce the module operating temperature, prolong the service life.

High current load: Using the same thickness, the same line width, Aluminum LED PCB substrate can carry higher current.

(2) Good machinability: can replace ceramic substrate, better mechanical endurance. At the same time, high strength and toughness, can realize large area printed board manufacturing and component mounting.

(3) Good electromagnetic shielding: In order to ensure the performance of electronic circuits, some components of electronic products need to prevent electromagnetic radiation and interference. Aluminum LED PCB can act as a shield plate, play the role of shielding electromagnetic wave

(4) Environmental protection: The Aluminum LED PCB used in the raw material is non-toxic and can be recycled. Meet RoHs requirements.

(5)Light weight: Aluminum LED PCB has a surprisingly light weight with excellent strength and elasticity, which is very convenient.

Hitech Circuits can provide high quality and affordable Aluminum LED PCB products for you.

[mogood]

Heavy Copper PCB: Power Up Your Electronics with Thick Copper Boards

When it comes to powering up electronics, one of the most important components is the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). And when it comes to heavy-duty applications that require high power, thick copper PCBs are the way to go. These specialized boards are designed to handle larger currents and dissipate heat more efficiently than standard PCBs.

One popular type of heavy copper PCB is made from FR4, a type of fiberglass-reinforced epoxy laminate. With a board thickness of 1.6mm, these boards can handle current levels ranging from 2 to 12oz, making them ideal for a wide range of applications.

To ensure reliable performance and longevity, the boards are surface-treated with immersion gold. This coating protects against corrosion and helps ensure good conductivity.

When it comes to payment and delivery terms, customers have a variety of options. Payment can be made through L/C, T/T, or WesternUnion. Delivery terms include DDU, FOB, CFA, CIF, CPT, and EXW. This flexibility makes it easy for customers to find a payment and delivery arrangement that suits their needs.

In terms of certifications, these heavy copper PCBs have been tested and certified for use in a wide range of applications. They meet UL Consumer (Wear, Electronic Digital, Household Appliances, Connectors), Industrial Control, Automobile TS16949, Medical, Server, Cloud Computing & Base Station, Aviation, Military, and Communication standards. This means that they are suitable for use in everything from household appliances to military equipment.

In conclusion, if you need a PCB that can handle heavy-duty power applications, look no further than heavy copper PCBs. With their FR4 material, 1.6mm thickness, and surface treatment of immersion gold, these boards are designed for reliable performance and longevity. And with a range of payment and delivery options, they are easy to acquire and integrate into your project.

[tubeampguru]

Filament Issues in an Ampeg SVT Classic

A customer recently brought me an Ampeg SVT Classic that was sounding weak and lifeless.

Though I am not especially fond of working on them, I do have a lot of experience with SVT heads, especially the earliest version with 6146B power tubes, and the second version with 6550s. I have gotten quite adept at patching the holes burnt in their circuit boards when they arc.

For a few weeks in 1992, I had to do this almost every night while helping-out on Keith Richards “Main Offender” recording sessions at a studio called “The Site” in Marin County, California. All of Keith’s and Charley Drayton’s bass tracks were recorded with a 1969 SVT using 6146B tubes. Every night while recording, they would blow at least one 6146B, which would, in turn, create a hole or two in the circuit board of the amp.

So, each day, while the band slept, I would replace the offending tube(s), patch the hole(s) with FR4 (the fiberglass/epoxy material the boards are made of), replace the burnt traces with carefully bent copper wire, glue them in place with epoxy and insulate them with RTV, so that the amp was ready for that night’s recording. My patched areas never burnt again, but there was plenty of original area still, to die a fiery death. Madness, pure madness.

I should mention that I was not permitted to modify the circuit for greater reliability, as they liked the way it sounded, and were afraid it would change the sound if I made my recommended changes to keep it from blowing up so spectacularly.

But I digress.

Back to the SVT Classic on my bench. The owner said that it would sometimes sound OK, but would get much weaker over the course of the night, and that sometimes it would be weak sounding as soon as it was turned on. First off, I made sure that the recommended updates to the circuit had been made, which they had at the factory.

Initially I suspected mis-biased tubes, but the real culprit was the connection between the filament wires from the power transformer and the power tube board itself. Ampeg’s designers chose to use push-on connectors rather than solder, in the interest of easier assembly and repairs. The connectors had clear silicone boots for electrical insulation, and the boots were badly discolored and burnt from the heat generated by the resistance in the connection.

I measured the filament voltage on both sides of the connectors. I got a steady 6.3 VAC on the transformer side. On the board side though, due to the resistance in the connection, the voltage started at 6.0 VAC and, over the course of an hour, slowly dropped to 5.1 VAC. All this voltage loss was due to the resistance in the female connectors’ friction contact with the tabs on the board. No wonder the amp was sounding lifeless!

I measured the filament voltage on both sides of the connectors. I got a steady 6.3 VAC on the transformer side. On the board side though, due to the resistance in the connection, the voltage started at 6.0 VAC and, over the course of an hour, slowly dropped to 5.1 VAC. All this voltage loss was due to the resistance in the connection itself. No wonder the amp was sounding lifeless!

Power loss due to a resistive contact is a vicious cycle. A little bit of resistance in the contact causes a little bit of heat to develop. As the connection heats up, its resistance increases, causing still more resistance, and so it continues. Eventually it can get hot enough to burn the board, melt the wire’s insulation, or melt the solder, causing the tab to fall out of the board altogether. Additionally, the heat increases the electron activity in the metal, making it more reactive, causing accelerated oxidation, which, in turn increases resistance, and adds to this whole nasty mess.

My solution was to remove the push-on connectors from the wires, strip the insulation back, tin the wires appropriately, slide on two lengths of thick 3-1 heat shrink tubing, and then solder the wires firmly to the tabs, making sure to have good, flowing, filleted solder joints for maximum current flow and minimum resistance.

I measured the voltage at the tabs and at the tube sockets, and they both remained steady at 6.3 VAC for over an hour, with no drop in the voltage. Success!

Then it was a matter of pushing the heat shrink tubing over the tabs, shrinking them with a heat gun, and putting the amp back together.

It is worth pointing out that the push-on connectors that Ampeg used were rated for well in excess of the current that they were seeing. These connectors were rated by their manufacturer for 15 amperes of continuous current and 30 amperes of intermittent current. So, any recent engineering school graduate would feel that they were doing good, robust design work by specifying these in the amplifier. This is a good example of why there is no substitute for adult supervision in the design process. Someone who has been working on amplifiers for a half century would look at that and say that while the connector did not technically fail, it did create a serious problem for the amp it was used in.

Resistance in low-current connections is seldom a problem, but in high-current, low-voltage connections like the filaments of an SVT, where they carry 9.6 amperes, resistance in a killer. A loss of 1.2 volts in a 200-volt supply would usually be insignificant, but a loss of 1.2 volts in this 6.3-volt supply was very much a serious problem.

[kfpcba]

Why choose PCBA for custom PCB assembly in 2022

PCB Terminology: Definitions You Can Use There’s a lot more to PCB design terminology than PCB vs. PCBA. Here’s key PCB terminology to become familiar with:

Double-sided PCB: also known as a two-layer PCB, a double-sided PCB features components for connectivity on both sides.

Flexible PCB: a flexible printed circuit board is designed to move and bend to accommodate the design of the device. Flexible PCBs provide OEMs with more compact, lightweight and customizable solutions to suit their needs.

FPGA: a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit that can be programmed to execute one or more operations.

FR4: low-cost printed circuit board material commonly used for the substrate layer. FR4 is made from fiberglass cloth that has been embedded in epoxy resin. The term FR4 is a type of substrate, and also the rating used grade epoxy laminate sheets.

Gerber File: computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) file used to provide an industry standard for communicating board specifications with multiple manufacturers.

Light engine: similar to a PCBA, a light engine is a small board that contains a combination of LED modules and an LED driver.

Multi-layer PCB: a board that features more than two conductive metal layers. Multi-layer PCBs enable a range of interconnections ideal for many applications and industries.

Pad: the connection point for the electronic component terminal in the PCB. Components are soldered to the pad.

Rigid PCB: the opposite of a flexible PCB, a rigid circuit board made of a solid substrate material such as metal or FR4 that can not bend. Depending on the design of the device, rigid PCBs can be the most cost-effective solution for mass production.

Single-sided PCB: a simple board with electronic connections on one side.

SMT Pick and Place Machine: High-speed, automated equipment used to place surface-mount technology (SMT) devices onto a printed circuit board. These machines are highly precise and efficient, helping reduce the costs of PCB production.

Solder Paste Printing: using a printer and a stencil, solder paste is applied to a PCB and baked in an oven to seal the bond.

Substrate: the material used to create the foundation of the PCB. This base material is usually made of fiberglass, but can also be comprised of epoxy, metal, ceramic or other materials. The material selection of the substrate is dictated by the primary function and design of the PCB and its components.

Stencils: used to aid the application of solder paste to surface mount (SMT) component pads during the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA).

Wave Solder Machine: wave soldering is a bulk soldering process used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards. The wave solder machines move each board into a pan where a wave of melted solder covers it, bonding all the components of the board together.

https://www.kingfordpcb.com/technology-blog/why-choose-pcba-for-custom-pcb-assembly-in-2022/

[usi-thesipcompany]

PCB and its components - Electronics Designer and Manufacturer

Accept in yourself!!....... on the off chance that mechanical advancement never exists, what had been occurred in your life?........probably, we don't have the foggiest idea about the lifestyle, we going to live. We can't envision the existence without electronic gadgets briefly as of now, since we utilizing the various electronic gadgets in our daily schedule, which are uncountable. Just as it involved a position, that we can't supplant anybody.

Some of them are PCs/PC, cell phones, ATM, pen-drive, TV, distant and so on. In spite of the fact that individuals considering the term electronics designer and manufacturer a straightforward one or nothing, yet it displays and models the new way for every single field through the specialized systems.

Determination of Electronics

The word electronics is gotten from "electron mechanics", which implies to consider the conduct of electron and the various conditions applied in the electric field. Coordinating the progression of electrons in gadget called electronic gadget.

These gadget plays out the significant job in assembling of electronic circuits. The electric flow is produced from the movement of electrons through the conduit and can be handled with the help of batteries and generators.

Parts of electronic gadgets

•             Analog electronics

•             Digital electronics

•             Integrated circuit

•             Micro electronics

•             Nano electronics

•             Semiconductor gadget

 What is PCB and it's parts?

PCB is entitled under the computerized electronics, which is vital in electronics designer and manufacturer field. Normally, Printed Circuit Board is only a plain board, that alludes to the motherboard. A few parts have been mounted or appended on the PCB, are computer chips, resistors, capacitors, connectors. Certain parts like presentation or camera, not straightforwardly mounted on the PCB, yet seldom appended to the PCB through a bunch of mating connectors and a level link.

The dull surface in the PCB are conductive wires. The remainder of the surfaces are non-conductive protectors, which are woven fiberglass with an epoxy tar fastener named as FR4.

A framework on chip or SoC is mounted on a matrix of association focuses or cushions called a ball network cluster, which is critical for developing the PCB. Extra lattice set for different CPUs, similar to memory chip and remote chip just as resistors, capacitors and different components.

 So, the PCB permits every one of the parts to speak with the SoC just as different micro processors through many wires and rather exact association.

 How do Printed Circuit Board functions?

While riding the google for the printed circuit board, presumably, we ready to seen the green shading board. It is built of multifaceted maze of many copper wires. Printed Circuit Board gives design and association to every one of the parts, that has been mounted on a superficial level. Wire on the center, empowers each part to convey and cooperate.

[cylexplastics]

Safety Advantages of Using FR4 Epoxy Fiberglass Board as Insulation Material

[mokotechnologyltd]

What is High Tg PCB

High Tg PCB Board

Tg means glass transition temperature. There are also a lot of different High Tg PCB materials that are not listed here, other countries, other companies prefer different materials. If without special notification, we will normally use SYL’s S1170.

6 layers high TG FR4 PCB with blinded holes

Board thickness: 1.6 mm

Minimum. Hole diameter: 0.3 mm

Minimum. Line width: 5.0mil

Minimum. Line spacing: 4.8mil

Surface treatment: immersion gold

Were they from high-TG materials?

The access to a high high-TG material is that it is possible to increase the continuous operating temperature and thus also to higher currents. The continuous operating temperature is the temperature at which the circuit board can be operated continuously without being damaged. Gold plated as a rule of thumb that the TÜV is at about 20 ° C below the specified TG. This difference should serve as security because that means that loading on the TG definitely leads to the destruction of the circuit board.

High-TG material certainly feels like a “special technology”. In the automotive industry, this material is in demand due to the higher temperature resistance – with increasing authorizations and ever-increasing settings. TGs around 130 ° C is the lowest limit of FR4 materials today, but many many multilayers will become TG150 ° C. The temperature of the glass transition The temperature at which the material initially softens because the glass fiber fabric softens.

Exactly from high-TG material one speaks practically from a TG of 170 ° C. This high-TG material up to TG170 ° C becomes like normal FR4 based on epoxy resin and how it should be like a normal circuit board. The exceptions in the process are a drilling parameter because the material contains special fillers. A high TG material can be taken care of, taken care of one eye and taken care of more.

How are the high-TG materials ordering rights?

At Bittele Electronics we offer complete solutions for PCB assembly for all types of requirements related to the production of high-quality PCBs and PCB assembly. One of the most common special requirements for PCB manufacturing is the requirement for high-temperature tolerance to withstand the demanding operating conditions and/or environments.

Our customers often have questions about the temperature requirements for the PCB assembly process itself and whether a certain material selection is required for the lead-free PCB assembly or not.

High TG PCB manufacturer and manufacturing ability

Moko Technology can produce high-Tg circuit boards with a Tg value of up to 180 ° C.

The following table lists some of our commonly used materials for manufacturing high-temperature circuit boards.

Material TG

(DSC, ° C) Td (Wt., ° C) CTE-z (ppm / ° C) Td260 (Minimum) Td288 (Minimum) S1141 (FR4) 175 300 55 8 / S1000-2M (FR4) 180 345 45 60 20 IT180 180 345 45 60 20 Rogers 4350B 280 390 50 / /

One can refer to our direct relationship table as a guideline:

Material TG TÜV FR4 standard TG 130 ° C 110 ° C. FR4 medium TG 150 ° C 130 ° C. FR4 high TG 170 ° C 150 ° C. Polyimide super high TG material 250 ° C 230 ° C.

The properties of high Tg materials are listed below:

Higher heat resistance Lower the CTE of the Z-axis Excellent thermal resilience High resistance to temperature changes Outstanding PTH reliability Pcbway offers some popular high tg materials S1000-2 & S1170: Shengyi materials IT-180A: ITEQ material TU768: TUC material

Types of PCB board material

There are many types of PCB board material, each board specification is different, its material, price, parameters, etc. are also different.

Depending on the grade from low to high:

The details are as follows:

94HB: ordinary cardboard, without fireproof (the lowest material, punch, can not make PCB power).

94V0: flame retardant cardboard (punched holes).

22F: one-sided half-glass fiber plate (punched holes).

CEM-1: single glass fiber plate (must be drilled by the computer, holes cannot be punched).

1. The quality of the flame retardant properties can be divided into four types: 94V-0 / V-1 / V-2/94-HB

2. Prepreg: 1080 = 0.0712 mm, 2116 = 0.1143 mm, 7628 = 0.1778 mm.

3. FR4, CEM-3 are all for material type, FR4 is fiberglass and CEM3 is the composite substrate.

4. Halogen-free is a substrate that does not contain halogen (elements such as fluorine and iodine), since bromine produces toxic gases when burned, it is not harmful to the environment.

5. Tg is the transition temperature of the glass, namely the melting point.

Moko Technology has been a professional circuit board manufacturer for many years, can provide customers PCB solution for most types of circuit boards from one source, just contact us freely.

We are one of the leading Chinese manufacturers focused on the manufacture of FR4 circuit boards. If you are interested in our PCB solution for the high TG fr4 board, please contact our factory. We are certain that we can offer you the best quality products on time and excellent service from a single source. Hot Tags: PCB solution for high TG fr4 board, china, factory, manufacturer, manufacturing

Why is none of the TG specified in the datasheets?

With some common high-frequency materials, the TG is not taken into account in datasheets. This is due to the technical origin of the importance of the TG concentration since this is the “glass transition temperature”. In principle, this is also the case for polyimide material. In general, with ceramic or PTFE material you can usually have a “TG” of 200 ° C or more.

What should you think about flexible polyimide boards?

Rigid flex circuit board

With flexible printed circuit boards, it should be noted that despite a polyimide, they are usually also equipped with an epoxy component. Even with adhesive-free material, an adhesive would come into play when the cover film or stiffeners were stuck on, as a result of which the TG of the flexible circuit, despite polyimide as the main component, lies in the area of ​​the epoxy.

What can a solder resist withstand?

Conventional solder resists sometimes have a load limit well below the material’s TG. For high TG material for applications above these areas, we, therefore, recommend either manufacturing without solder resist and, if necessary, protecting the entire assembly with appropriate high-temperature protective lacquers. Alternatively, discoloration of the paint at very hot temperatures should be expected.

Then please contact us and we will be happy to supply prototypes from Asia so that the later series material can be correctly qualified.

“Tg” refers to the glass transition temperature from a printed circuit board, indicates the point at which the board material begins to transform. We manufacture standard printed circuit boards with materials offering a TG value of 140 ° C, which can withstand a moderate operating temperature of 110 ° C. Incidentally, PCBonestop also offers high TG printed circuit boards to online customers.

If the Tg of PCB substrate is increased, the heat resistance, moisture resistance, chemical resistance and stability of printed circuit boards will be improved as well. The high Tg applicates more on top free PCB manufacturing processes.

Therefore, the difference between general FR4 and high Tg FR4 is, when hot, especially in heat absorption with moisture, high Tg PCB substrate will perform better than general FR4 in the aspects of mechanical strength, dimensional stability, adhesiveness, water absorption, and thermal decomposition.

China high TG PCB supplier

High TG PCB – High-temperature PCB for PCB applications that require high temperatures.

In recent years, more and more customers have asked to produce high Tg circuit boards.

Since the flammability of the printed circuit board (PCB) is V-0 (UL 94-V0), the printed circuit board changes from the glassy to the rubbery state when the specified Tg value is exceeded and the function of the PCB is impaired.

If your product is operating in the range of 130 degrees Celsius or higher, you should use a circuit board with a high TG for safety reasons. The main reason for the Hi TG board is the shift to RoHS boards. Because of the higher temperatures required for the lead-free solder to flow, most of the PCB industry is moving towards Hi-TG materials.

Attempting to reduce heat build-up on your circuit board can affect the weight, cost, performance requirements, or size of your application. As a rule, it is cheaper and more practical to simply start with a high temperature, heat resistant circuit board.

If your application is at risk of exposing your PCB to extreme temperatures or the PCB has to be RoHS compliant, you should consider high TG PCBs.

Multi layer circuit boards with many layers

Industrial electronics Automotive electronics Fineline trace structures High-temperature electronics

Heat dissipation considerations

High TG PCB circuit boards are very important if you want to protect your circuit boards from the high temperatures of the application process or the extreme temperatures of the lead-free assembly. However, you should, of course, consider several methods of pulling the circuit board Extreme heat generated by electronic applications away from your board.

What is FR-4?

FR-4 circuit boards are divided into four classifications, which are determined by the number of copper trace layers contained in the material:

• Single-sided circuit board / single-layer circuit board • Double-sided circuit board / double-layer circuit board • Four or more than 10 layers of PCB / multilayer PCB

High TG PCB advantages

High glass flow temperature (TG) High-temperature resistance Long peel resistance Small expansion of the Z-axis (CTE)

High TG PCB Application:

Automobile

Backplanes

Server and network

Telecommunications

Data storage

Heavy copper application

Main features

Advanced high Tg PCB resin technology

Industry-standard material with multi-functional epoxy resin with high Tg (175 ℃ from DSC) and excellent thermal reliability.

The world is going green – Why are halogen-free base materials the better solution when PCB requirements are high?

According to IEC 61249-2-21: Definition of “halogen-free” the following applies: – maximum 900 ppm chlorine – maximum 900 ppm bromine – a total maximum of 1500 ppm halogen As a result, halogen-free materials predominantly use phosphorus, nitrogen, ATH as halogen-free flame retardants.

Today, modern base materials are classified according to the following UL classification, which also expresses the different nature of the base material in the standardization. FR 4.0 – filled and unfilled epoxy resin systems Tg 135 – 200 TBBPA FR 4.1 – filled and unfilled epoxy resin systems Tg 135 – 200 halogen-free

A new additional classification has been available for two years: FR 15.0 – filled epoxy resin systems TBBPA RTI 150 ° C FR 15.1 – filled epoxy resin systems halogen-free RTI 150 ° C The replacement of the flame retardant TBBPA with halogen-free flame retardants is linked to other chemical properties of the resin systems. The bonding energy of the resin system increases significantly and serves as the basis for the improved thermal properties of the halogen-free materials. This increased binding energy also improves the adhesion problem with the glass fabric, which in turn has a positive effect on the CAF performance. The lecture shows various examples of improved properties such as heat stability and CAF behavior in small HW-HW, which have been proven in practice.

Factors to consider in terms of thickness

Compatibility with components: Although FR-4 is used in the manufacture of numerous types of printed circuit boards, its thickness affects the type of components used.

Space requirements: When designing a circuit board, it is extremely important to save space, especially with USB plugs and Bluetooth accessories.

Design and flexibility: Most manufacturers prefer thicker printed circuit boards. With FR-4, a carrier that is too thin could break if the circuit board is enlarged. Thicker PCBs are flexible and at the same time allow “V-grooves” (notch cuts).

The environment in which the circuit board is to be used must be taken into account. With electronic control units in the medical field, thin printed circuit boards guarantee lower loads. They can bend and deform when the components are soldered.

Impedance control: The thickness of the printed circuit board includes the thickness of the dielectric medium, in this case, the FR-4, which facilitates the impedance control.

If you want to integrate your printed circuit boards in products where the use of components is not easy and which are not very suitable for a rigid printed circuit board, you should also prefer another material: polyimide/polyamide.

Product category of high TG PCB, MOKO Technology is a specialized manufacturer from China, blank PCB, high TG PCB supplier/factory, wholesale high-quality products of high TG PCB r & d and production, we have the perfect after-sales service and technical support. Look forward to your cooperation!

[sere22world]

How to Select Material for PCBs

Material, usually substrate material as far as PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is concerned, plays a core role in PCB since it carries its leading functions and properties. Besides, PCB material allows PCBs to conform to some high and special requirement set by the products or projects they’ll work for. Furthermore, it is beneficial to reduce cost and improve products’ reliability when optimal material is selected.

Elements to be Considered in PCB Material Selection

• Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)

Tg refers to the temperature at which material is converted into glass state. Standard Tg stays above 130℃ while high Tg above 170℃ and mid Tg above 150℃.

When it comes to material for PCBs, high Tg should be picked, which should be higher than the working temperature current runs.

• Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE)

As the temperature of substance rises, substance will suffer from expansion or shrinking. When it comes to PCB fabrication, since CTEs in X, Y and thickness are different, PCB will tend to become deformed. Furthermore, plated hole may suffer from breakage or components will get damaged. Therefore, CTE of substrate material should be sufficiently low.

• Heat Resistance

PCB is required to be heat resistant. Generally speaking, PCBs should feature heat resistance of 250℃/50s, which also works on material.

• Flatness

PCB is required to feature excellent flatness. As far as SMT is concerned, PCB is required to feature warpage lower than 0.0075mm/mm.

• Electrical Performance

High-frequency circuits call for PCB material with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. Besides, insulation resistance, dielectric strength and Arc resistance should be compatible with product requirement.

Correlation between PCB Material Selection and Product or Industry

PCB material selection plays a decisive role in contributing to product reliability and is also determined by industry particularity and requirement.

Commonly-used electronic products call for FR4 epoxy fiber glass substrate. After all, the products don’t call for special requirement on flexibility, temperature and density.

Electronic products calling for higher requirement on environmental temperature or flexibility, polyimide glass fiber substrate is applied. For high frequency, PTFE glass fiber substrate should be applied. For PCBs calling for higher requirement on thermal dissipation, metal base substrate should be used.

Classification of PCB Substrate Material

Copper Clad Laminate (CCL) is most commonly used as PCB substrate material. CCL is usually composed by copper foil, resin and base material and also covers a couple of categories.

• Rigid CCL

a. Paper-Based Phenolic CCL

Paper-based phenolic CCL has the longest history, containing classes of FR2, FR1, XXXPC, XX, XXP, X, XP, XPC etc. It features such low cost that it is massively applied in consumer electronics like audio or video and single-side PCBs account for the most.

b. Paper-Based Epoxy CCL

Paper-based epoxy CCL is massively applied in TV, PC, printer, calculator, telecommunication and power substrate. Besides, it is also used in through-hole PCB used for consumer electronics.

c. Paper-Based Polymer CCL

Paper-based polymer CCL is anti-CAF and features high-quality tone, so it is mainly applied in color TVs or stereo. It is created in Japan but is stopped from being manufactured later.

d. Fiberglass Epoxy CCL

Due to its reliability, fiberglass epoxy CCL is most massively applied in CPU, OA equipment, telecommunication and medical care products. Moreover, owing to its electric insulativity, heat resistance, dimensional stability, wet resistance and chemical resistance, fiberglass epoxy CCL is largely used in double-sided PCBs containing through holes. With the tendency of high density of PCBs, fiberglass epoxy CCL is also used as material in multiple-layer PCBs as core material and prepreg etc.

e. Composite CCL

The resin in composite CCL mainly comes in epoxy resin and polyester resin. Composite CCL primarily works on single-sided PCBs and through-hole PCBs. CEM-3 composite CCL is commonly used in some certain industries due to its reliability, heat resistance, moisture resistance, and dimensional stability. Moreover, composite CCL works more suitably for SMT on thin PCB boards.

What Is FR4?

FR4 indicates the grade of a type of fire resistant material that is capable of automatically going out after suffering from fire. Therefore, FR4 is not the name of material while it indicates a grade of material.

FR4 material can be classified into a couple of classifications.

FR4 A1 mainly serves electronic products belonging to fields of military service, telecommunication, digital circuits, industrial instrument and automobile owing to its high quality and performance.

FR4 A2 works for the largest extent of industries because all its features are compatible with the requirement of ordinary industries, including PC, instrument, home appliances and ordinary electronic products. Furthermore, it leads to low cost, which is one of its advantages over other types of material.

FR4 A3 is capable of meeting demands and requirement of ordinary electronics such as toys, calculators, game machines and other common electronic products. Compatible with product functions, FR4 A3 leads to extremely low price.

Get Your PCBs Prototyped and Fabricated by PCBCart: Higher Reliability and Lower Cost

PCBCart provides quickturn Prototype PCBs and high-quality Standard PCBs based on the excellent balance between RELIABILITY and COST as far as electronic products are concerned. With more than a decade’s running experience, PCBCart fully understands your demands and expectations on ROI. Our professional solutions and quick response lead you towards high efficiency and high yield.

[custommaterialsinc]

Garolite Properties and Uses

Garolite Properties and Uses

Garolite

Garolite is a brand name for G10 – FR4 Fiberglass-epoxy laminate material.  It is a material that is used in the making of circuit boards. It is typically used in its natural state and color which is that very recognizable greenish/yellow.  It’s used because of its amazing properties for circuit board manufacturing. The fact that it doesn’t absorb water, has a very low coefficient of…

[wonderlandshreyash77-blog]

Printed Circuit Board Materials Market: Key Growth Factors And Forecast 2026

Global Printed Circuit Board Materials Market: Overview

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is considered as the interface of active   and passive components or IC substrates made of fiberglass, composite   epoxy, or other laminate materials. Conductive pathways are etched or   printed onto a board, which connects different components on the board   such as transistors, resistors, and integrated circuits. PCBs are used   in computers and are foundation of many internal components such as   network interface cards and video cards. PCBs are commonly associated   with computers; however, they are also used in many other electronic   devices such as radios, camera, TVs, mobile phones, and tablets.   Earlier, PCBs were made from materials such as Bakelite, Masonite,   layered cardboard, and thin wooden planks. Holes were drilled into the   material and then flat brass wires were riveted or bolted onto the   board.

Global Printed Circuit Board Materials Market: Drivers

The Printed Circuit Board Materials market is anticipated to expand  at a healthy pace owing to the high growth rate of the electronics   industry. Increase in technological advancements such as Internet of   Things (IoT) is anticipated to boost the demand for PCBs during the   forecast period. Rise in concern over the e-waste generated and its   recycling is the primary factor hampering the Printed Circuit Board   Materials market.

Read Report Overview @https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/printed-circuit-board-materials-market.html

Global Printed Circuit Board Materials Market: Key Segments

Based on type of material, the Printed Circuit Board Materials market   can be segmented into FR-4, CEM-3, polyimide, Polytetrafluoroethylene   (PTFE), and others. FR4 (Flame Retardant-4) is a glass fiber epoxy   laminate. It uses eight layers of glass fiber materials. It is a widely used PCB material, as it is suitable for the manufacture of a range of PCBs, from one-layer to multi-layer PCBs. CEM in CEM-3 stands for   Composite Epoxy Material. CEM-3 substrate material is a general-purpose substrate material for single-side and double-side application which   requires electric stability and PCB process-ability with simple circuit driving. The others segment includes remaining material types such as   FR-1, FR-2, FR-3, polyflon, polyester, XPC, and duroid.

In terms of geography, the Printed Circuit Board Materials market can   be split into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and   Middle East & Africa (MEA). Asia Pacific is the key region of the   Printed Circuit Board Materials market in terms of value. It is also a   rapidly growing region of the PCB materials market. North America and   Europe hold significant share of the Printed Circuit Board Materials   market. The Printed Circuit Board Materials market in Latin America and MEA is anticipated to expand at a significant pace during the forecast period.

Request Report Brochure @ https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=B&rep_id=46758

Global Printed Circuit Board Materials Market: Key Players

Key players operating in the Printed Circuit Board Materials market   are Atlas Fibre Company, Ventec International Group, Gabriel Benmayor   S.A., San Francisco Circuits, Inc., Nippon Graphite Fiber Co., Ltd.,   Arlon Electronic Materials Division, Isola Group, Panasonic Corporation,  Nan Ya Printed Circuit Board Corporation, ITEQ Corporation, Denka   Company Limited, Kingboard Chemical Holdings Ltd., Park Electrochemical Corp. and Rogers Corporation.

About Us

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TMR’s data repository is continuously updated and  revised by a team of research experts so that it always reflects the  latest trends and information. With extensive research and analysis  capabilities, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and  secondary research techniques to develop distinctive data sets and  research material for business reports.

Contact

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[briillito]

How to Make a Printed Circuit Board - Toner Transfer Method

Making your own printed circuit boards at home is a cheap alternative to ordering a batch from one of the many pcb manufacturers. Using simple household items you can set up your own home pcb etching station to start making your own custom pcb's.

Before starting to put together your etching station, you need to make sure you understand the whole process and the materials you will be using, since you need to handle an acid solution in the etching process. Make sure to take special precaution when developing your boards, such as using gloves, eye protection and working in a well ventilated area.

The materials needed to get your etching station to work are easy to get, some you may already have in your home. Since we are going to be using the toner transfer method, you'll need a laser printer to print your designs so you can transfer them to the board.

To actually transfer the design, you'll need to print it to photo paper or other high gloss such as magazine paper, that is because we need the printed toner of the laser printer to remain in the surface of the paper, because otherwise the toner will stick to the fibers of regular paper and the transfer will not be reliable. Another thing to consider is that you will need to print a reverse or mirrored image of your design, so that when you transfer it the tracks and letters have the correct orientation.

Now that you have your design, it's time to transfer it to the blank circuit board, also called copper clad board. These boards have a copper laminate over a non conductive substrate such as fiberglass epoxy of the common FR4 board. These boards are easy to get, as many hobby and electronics shops have them, or you can also order them online.

Make sure to clean the copper surface so as to remove any oil or oxide that may have formed in the surface before the transfer, or the toner may not stick and cause broken tracks.

To make the transfer, place the gloss paper with the printed design facing the copper laminate and apply pressure with a clothes iron in the highest setting with no steam. Use the iron to apply general pressure on the whole surface of the board, after a little while, use the tip to apply localized pressure on areas of the board to make sure the toner melts and sticks to the copper. Corners and high density areas of the design need special attention in this heat and pressure step.

The transfer should now be stuck to the copper, to remove the paper just soak the board in warm soapy water and peel the paper as soon as it gets wet, just make sure not to use too much pressure or the toner may also rub off.

The final step is to actually etch the board to create the tracks. There are two common acids that you can use, on is ferric chloride, available at most electronics shops, the other is using muriatic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The formulas and methods to use the acids to etch are an art and science of their own, and that is outside the scope of the article. It usually involves placing the board in the acid and wait for the exposed copper to get dissolved in the acid.

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PCB and its components - Electronics Designer and Manufacturer

Assume in yourself!!....... if technological evolution never exists, what had been happened in your life?........probably, we don’t know the way of life, we going to live. We can’t imagine the life without electronic devices for a minute at present, because we using the numerous electronic devices in our routine, which are uncountable. As well as it occupied a position, that we can’t replace anyone.

Some of them are computers/PC, mobile phones, ATM, pen-drive, television, remote and so on. Although people considering the term electronics designer and manufacturer a simple one or nothing, but it exhibits and models the new path for each and every field through the technical strategies.

Derivation of Electronics

The word electronics is derived from the word “electron mechanics”, which signifies to study the behaviour of electron and the different conditions applied in the electric field. Directing the flow of electrons in device called electronic device.

These device performs the major role in manufacturing of electronic circuits. The electric current is generated from the motion of electrons through the conductor and can be processed with the assistance of batteries and generators.

Branches of electronic devices

·         Analog electronics

·         Digital electronics

·         Integrated circuit

·         Micro electronics

·         Nano electronics

·         Semiconductor device

What is PCB and it’s components?

PCB is entitled under the digital electronics, which is necessary in electronics designer and manufacturer field. Usually, Printed Circuit Board is just a plain board, that refers to the motherboard. Some components have been mounted or attached on the PCB, are microchips, resistors, capacitors, connectors. Certain components like display or camera, not directly mounted on the PCB, but rarely attached to the PCB through a set of mating connectors and a flat cable.

The dark surface in the PCB are conductive wires. The rest of the surfaces are non-conductive insulators, which are woven fiberglass with an epoxy resin binder named as FR4.

A system on chip or SoC is mounted on a grid of connection points or pads called a ball grid array, which is significant for constructing the PCB. Additional grid placed for other microchips, like memory chip and wireless chip as well as resistors, capacitors and other elements.

In short, the PCB allows each of the components to communicate with the SoC as well as other microchips via hundreds of wires and rather precise organization.

How do Printed Circuit Board works?

While surfing the google for the printed circuit board, probably, we able to seen the green colour board. It is constructed of multi-layered labyrinth of hundreds of copper wires. Printed Circuit Board provides structure and organization for all the components, that has been mounted on the surface. Wire on the middle, enables every component to communicate and work together.