#FM Approved Tanks

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FM Approved Tanks in Pune | Durable, Reliable Storage Solutions - Mizutanks

FM Approved Tanks: Reliable Storage Solutions by Mizutanks

Mizutanks is a trusted leader in providing high-quality FM Approved Tanks in Pune and across India. Designed to meet rigorous safety and durability standards, our tanks are the ideal solution for industrial storage, fire protection, and water conservation.

Why Choose FM Approved Tanks?

FM Approved Tanks are certified to offer superior safety, reliability, and performance in industrial and commercial applications. These tanks are built with precision and comply with global standards, making them a preferred choice for:

Fire Protection Systems

Industrial Water Storage

Emergency Water Supply

Features of Mizutanks' FM Approved Tanks

Durable Storage Solutions: Crafted from premium materials, these tanks ensure long-lasting performance in harsh environments.

FM Certified: Our tanks are approved by FM Global, guaranteeing reliability for fire protection systems.

Steel Bolted Design: Engineered with a steel bolted structure, our tanks are easy to install and maintain.

Customizable Sizes: Available in various capacities to meet the needs of diverse industries.

Applications of FM Approved Tanks

Fire Protection Tanks: Ensure optimal safety for fire protection systems with our reliable FM-approved solutions.

Industrial Storage Tanks: Store water or other liquids with peace of mind, knowing our tanks are designed for durability.

Commercial Use: Perfect for use in factories, warehouses, and large-scale operations.

Mizutanks: Your Trusted Partner

As a leading FM Fire Tank Manufacturer in India, Mizutanks is dedicated to providing the highest quality FM Certified Tanks. With years of expertise, we are also a reputed FM Fire Tanks Supplier in India, delivering solutions tailored to your needs.

Why Mizutanks?

Extensive experience in Steel Bolted Water Tanks manufacturing.

Unmatched customer support and after-sales service.

Reliable solutions that adhere to international safety standards.

If you’re looking for FM Approved Tanks in Pune or anywhere in India, Mizutanks is your go-to partner for premium-quality Durable Storage Solutions.

Contact us today to explore the best options for your storage requirements!

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Top-Quality FM-Approved Fire Tanks in Pune & India – COEP Prefab Water Tanks 🔥💦

Looking for FM-approved fire tanks in Pune? COEP Prefab Water Tanks offers high-quality FM-approved fire protection tanks in India, ensuring maximum safety and reliability for fire suppression systems. Our FM-approved fire tank solutions in Pune are designed to meet global safety standards, making them the ideal choice for industrial and commercial fire safety applications. 🚒✅

Why Choose Our FM-Approved Fire Tanks? 🔥🏗️

✔️ FM-Approved for Maximum Safety – Our FM-approved fire tanks comply with the highest fire safety standards, ensuring optimal fire protection. ✔️ Durable & Corrosion-Resistant – Made from premium materials, our tanks are built to last, providing long-term fire water storage solutions. ✔️ Efficient & Reliable – Our FM-approved fire tank solutions in Pune guarantee a steady and dependable water supply for emergency fire suppression. ✔️ Trusted FM Fire Tank Manufacturer in India – With years of experience, we are recognized as a leading FM Fire Tank Manufacturer in India, delivering quality-assured storage solutions.

COEP FM-Approved Fire Water Storage Tanks in India 🇮🇳💧

Our FM fire water storage tanks in India are suitable for factories, warehouses, residential complexes, and industrial facilities. Whether you need a large-capacity fire tank or a compact solution, COEP Prefab Water Tanks provides customized FM-approved fire protection tanks in India to meet your specific needs.

Reliable FM-Approved Tank Suppliers in India 🔩🔥

As one of the top COEP FM-approved tank suppliers in India, we prioritize safety, durability, and compliance with FM standards. Our tanks are engineered to provide long-lasting protection, ensuring businesses remain fire-safe at all times.

💡 Visit Now: 👉 COEP Prefab Water Tanks - FM-Approved Fire Tanks in Pune

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[usafphantom2]

Japan will increase long-range attack capability with JASSM-ER cruise missile

Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 09/05/2023 - 14:00in Armaments, Military

Tokyo intends to acquire a long-range cruise missile to improve its precision attack capability. Washington recently approved a possible foreign military sale (FMS) of state-of-the-art AGM-158B/B-2 JASSM-ER missiles to Japan.

According to the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA), the possible future contract covering the JASSM-ER missile and related equipment could be valued at 104 million dollars.

Japan requested the purchase of 50 AGM-158B/B-2 JASSM-ER missiles.

The 104 million dollars, in addition to the missiles themselves, also include modules that protect the missiles against GPS interference systems, training missiles, as well as a supply of spare parts and a logistics package.

"The proposed sale will improve Japan's ability to face current and future threats by providing combat capability through advanced long-range attack systems for use in Japan Air Self-Defense Air Force (JASDF) combat aircraft, including but not limited to F-15J. Japan will have no difficulty in absorbing these articles and services in its armed forces,” the DSCA said in a press release.

JASSM-ER missiles are manufactured by American defense giant Lockheed Martin.

The plans to purchase JASSM missiles are part of the modernization plans of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces, and more specifically the Japanese Air Force, which in the future will be long-range weapons of two types of aircraft: F-15J Eagle and F-35 Lightning II.

Tags: weaponsMilitary AviationJASDF - Japan Air Self-Defense Force/Japan Air Self-Defense ForceJASSM-ER

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Fernando Valduga

Fernando Valduga

Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, he has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Daytona Airshow and FIDAE. He has work published in specialized aviation magazines in Brazil and abroad. Uses Canon equipment during his photographic work throughout the world of aviation.

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Glass Fused Steel Tank | Glass Lined Steel Tanks | 9599001538

Glass Fused Steel Tanks (GFS tanks) alternatively called Glass Lined Steel tanks (GLS tanks) are manufactured with the help of a process that involves the use of GFS panels. These panels are sheets that are made up of stainless steel that are passed through a process where a layer of glass or silicate is fused on them. Basic reason behind fusing glass with steel is to increase the overall durability of the GFS panel.

Single layered stainless steel panels are vulnerable to weathering leading to unexpected decomposition/corrosion of the material and glass fusion is the exact remedy to avoid this decomposition/corrosion. After this fusion process is complete, the final product i.e. GFS panels. There is an increase in its overall strength along with a widening in the acceptable bracket of PH value for alkaline solutions and its resistance of abrasion also sees an increase.

Glass Fused Steel Tank (GFS Tank)

Everyday Steels is a renowned supplier of Glass fused steel tanks (Enamel steel tanks) as per the RTP technology and they also adhere to latest fire safety standards for fire protection water storage tanks and latest FM Global & most major industry standards.

Technology And Process For Glass Fused Steel Tanks

A layer of glass is fused into steel tank panels that are lined with glass enamel both inside and outside. This enamel is made up of a solid, smooth, and shiny cover of silicate and fused with steel tank panels in a specially designed furnace that is heated upto temperatures that range between 780 to 900 degrees Celsius. These steel panels that form the tank shell become highly durable after being processed with the infusion of glass coats on both the inner and outer layers of the panels. These sheets are then attached with special high-grade bolts and sealed with the help of constantly flexible silicones (sealants).

Furthermore, both installation materials and shell accessories are processed thoroughly with the help of surface treatment.

These Glass Fused Steel Tanks or Glass Lined Steel tanks are the best choice when you want to store fluids or even solid materials of any nature. The USP (unique selling point) of these tanks is that they are FM Global approved & are mostly used as an industrial water storage tank. These GFS/GLS tanks are a basic requirement that you need to install at places dealing in environmental technology facilities namely WasteWater Treatment, Fire fighting Water storage, and Anaerobic Digester Tank. Everyday Steels has a variety of offerings in the GFS/GLS tanks segment. You can have a detailed look at them by visiting their homepage.

Source URL: https://www.everydaysteels.com/blog/glass-fused-steel-tank-glass-lined-steel-tanks-9599001538

[centrifugali]

Three Types of Long Shaft Fire Pumps

Tongke, TKFLO, UL/FM, and vertical turbine (VT) pumps were evaluated. We will discuss the pros and cons of each. Our optimal solution was determined using all three models. The theoretical support we gained from each model will be valuable for design optimization. We will also compare the different features of these fire pumps. The results of this study will help in selecting the most suitable one for the specific application. Tongke Pump

The Tongke long shaft fire pump has many features. The patented design of this pump makes it easier to install and maintain than other pumps. Several options are available for installation and maintenance,double suction centrifugal pump including optional drives, abrasives, and hose valves. These features ensure that the pump will run properly for years to come. For your convenience, the Tongke pump includes a variety of accessories. The following information will give you a brief overview of the different options available for your fire pump. TKFLO

The TKFLO Long Shaft fire Pump is designed for high-pressure applications in a wide range of industries. This model is sized to meet the stringent requirements of NFPA 20 (2013) and UL-448. These standards stipulate that fire pumps should operate at or near 40 PSI at fifteen percent of their nameplate capacity. TKFLO's fire pumps meet or exceed these requirements. This article explains how TKFLO's engine and motor size the pump to meet the demands of a wide range of industries. UL/FM

A UL/FM long shaft fire pump is a highly reliable solution for a wide variety of firefighting applications. The engine is UL/FM listed and can deliver up to 10% more power than the pump shaft. In addition, the UL/FM approved motor features a derate factor based on elevation and temperature. A fully flanged shaft and ANSI sleeved shaft extend seal life. UL/FM pumps come in a variety of sizes, including an FF-type design. Fuel tank capacity is based on NFPA 20 standards. Armstrong vertical turbine (VT)

They are available in capacities ranging from 50 gpm to 30,000 gpm. The VT pump has a single stage or multiple stages, depending on head generation. Its main advantage is its flexibility. A vertical turbine pump is one of the most common types of centrifugal pumps. Z4 model

This paper presents the theoretical and experimental investigation on the design optimization of a vertical long shaft fire pump. The Z4 model was selected as a suitable study object. Different shaft length connection was considered. The equivalent stress and deformation of the shafting rotor were investigated using the corresponding models. These models were studied for four operating conditions. These results demonstrate that the Z4 model is capable of optimizing design parameters in terms of pump performance. Large tank

A Large tank for a Long Shaft fire pump is the basic unit that supplies water to a fire pump. It is typically made from PT2E polypropylene and shall have a capacity of 200 U.S. gallons. The tank floor must be made of 3/4" PT2E polypropylene and have a recessed sump of at least 3/8". The top of the tank shall have a 1" NPT rear drain with a brass plug. Loud sound

During an annual test, it is perfectly normal to hear a loud noise from a long-shaft fire pump. But it isn't always so obvious. There are ways to minimize the noise. The first step is to determine what causes the noise. The cause may be as simple as cavitation, which is the formation of empty space or bubbles in a liquid. Cavitation occurs when air enters the pump head and impellers. The air causes the paddle inside the pump to spin freely, causing the RPMs to increase. NFPA 20 requirements

NFPA 20 requirements for long shaft fire pumps are designed to help prevent the risk of cavitation and wear caused by turbulent flow within a fire pump. To ensure a safe distance, the pump's suction flange should be at least 10x its discharge flange diameter. The NFPA 20 code specifies the proper orientation of long shaft fire pumps. The following example illustrates proper orientation.

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🔥 FM-Approved Fire Tanks in Dubai, UAE & Saudi Arabia 🚒💧

For reliable fire protection, choose FM-approved fire tanks in Dubai from Prefab Tanks Dubai. Our FM-approved fire tanks in UAE provide fire safety and water storage solutions for commercial, industrial, and municipal applications. Designed for firefighting and emergency response, these FM-approved fire protection tanks ensure high performance and durability.

🌍 Visit Now: FM-Approved Fire Tanks in Dubai-UAE

✅ Why Choose Our FM-Approved Fire Tanks?

🔹 Certified for Fire Protection – FM-approved fire tanks in Dubai meet global safety standards. 🔹 Corrosion-Resistant & Durable – Made from steel bolted water tanks, galvanized steel water tanks, and epoxy-coated water tanks. 🔹 Efficient Water Storage – Ideal for FM-approved fire water storage tanks in Saudi Arabia and UAE. 🔹 Trusted Firefighting Solutions – FM fire tanks for firefighting in Saudi Arabia are built for maximum safety.

🚀 Applications of FM-Approved Fire Tanks

✔️ FM-approved fire tanks in UAE for industrial & commercial fire safety 🏭 ✔️ FM-approved fire protection tanks in Dubai-UAE for high-rise buildings & factories 🏢 ✔️ FM-approved firefighting tanks in Saudi Arabia for emergency water supply 🚒 ✔️ FM-approved water storage tanks for reliable fire suppression systems 🔥 ✔️ FM fire tanks for commercial use in Saudi Arabia to meet compliance & safety regulations ✅

At Prefab Tanks Dubai, we specialize in FM-approved fire water storage tanks designed to protect lives and property. Our FM-approved fire tanks in Dubai-UAE ensure uninterrupted water supply for fire emergencies. Whether for commercial, industrial, or municipal use, our fire protection tanks offer top-tier reliability and efficiency.

📞 Contact us today for the best FM-approved fire tanks in Dubai, UAE, and Saudi Arabia! 🚀

🔗 Explore More

#FireSafety #FMApprovedTanks #PrefabTanksDubai #FireProtection #FireWaterStorage #FMFireTanks #SteelBoltedTanks #EpoxyCoatedTanks #WaterStorageSolutions #SaudiArabia #UAE #Dubai 🔥💦

[work2025]

Commercial Water Storage Tanks in Pune | Leading GFS & Steel Tanks Suppliers in India

Discover the Best Commercial Water Storage Tanks in Pune and Across India

When it comes to storing large volumes of water for industrial, commercial, or municipal purposes, commercial water storage tanks are the ultimate solution. At Prefab Tanks, we specialize in providing top-quality water storage systems, including GFS tanks, FM-approved tanks, and steel water tanks. Whether you're in Pune, Maharashtra, or anywhere in India, our reliable and durable storage solutions are designed to meet all your water storage needs.

Why Choose Commercial Water Storage Tanks?

In today’s world, efficient water management is essential for industries and commercial establishments. Here’s why our commercial water storage tanks are the ideal choice:

Durability: Built with high-grade materials, our tanks can withstand extreme conditions.

Corrosion Resistance: GFS (Glass Fused Steel) tanks have a glass coating that prevents rust and wear.

FM-Approved Safety: Certified to meet international fire protection and safety standards.

Customizable Solutions: Available in various sizes and designs to suit specific applications.

Easy Maintenance: Prefabricated for quick assembly and hassle-free upkeep.

Applications of Commercial Water Storage Tanks

Prefab Tanks offers storage solutions that cater to a diverse range of applications:

Industrial Use: Storage of process water, cooling water, and other industrial liquids.

Municipal Water Systems: Supplying water for towns, cities, and rural areas.

Fire Protection Systems: FM-approved tanks for storing fire suppression water.

Agricultural Applications: Rainwater harvesting and irrigation water storage.

Commercial Buildings: Water storage for hospitals, hotels, schools, and office complexes.

Types of Tanks We Offer

At Prefab Tanks, we provide an extensive range of high-quality tanks to suit your specific requirements:

GFS Tanks: Glass Fused Steel tanks known for their durability and corrosion resistance.

FM-Approved Tanks: Tanks designed for fire protection and safety compliance.

Steel Water Tanks: Sturdy and long-lasting solutions for large-volume water storage.

Advantages of Choosing Prefab Tanks

Unmatched Quality: All our tanks are manufactured with the best materials and technologies.

Tailored Solutions: We design tanks that fit your exact storage capacity and application needs.

Affordable Pricing: High-quality products at competitive prices.

Nationwide Service: From Pune to all corners of India, we deliver and install our tanks seamlessly.

Expert Support: Our team provides end-to-end service, from consultation to installation.

Why Prefab Tanks is India’s Preferred Water Tank Supplier

With years of experience in water storage solutions, Prefab Tanks has become a trusted name in the industry. Whether you need commercial water storage tanks in Pune or steel water tanks in India, we ensure that our products meet global quality and safety standards.

Get Started with Prefab Tanks Today

Don’t let water storage challenges hold you back. Upgrade your water storage system with Prefab Tanks, the leading supplier of GFS tanks, FM-approved tanks, and commercial water storage tanks in Pune and across India.

Visit our website at https://prefabtanks.com/index.html to explore our range of products. Contact us today to get a customized solution tailored to your water storage needs.

Prefab Tanks: Reliable Water Storage Solutions for a Sustainable Future.

[cooldavidkentposts]

Flow meter enhances chlorination system performance for municipal water department

The water municipality at a mid-size city in the western region of the U.S. serving a population of about 180,000 people needed to address a chlorine disinfection system problem at one of its water treatment plants. The city’s engineers take great pride in providing their community with a safe source of drinking water and gave this issue the highest priority.

In order to provide a reliable, safe source of clean drinking water, all municipal system operators rely on a disinfection system to kill germs. There are several different methods of disinfection treatment, such as chlorine (Cl2), UV, and ozone. Chlorine remains a popular disinfectant around the world. Where chlorine is in use, accurate measurement of the gas is essential for successful disinfection and for safety purposes.

Problem

At one of the city’s water treatment plants, the chlorinator system’s flow measurement lacked suitable turndown capability (measuring range) and was not repeatable at lower flow rates, and total monthly chlorine usage was not consistent (Figure 1). This poor control over the amount of chlorine being dispensed resulted in either excessive, wasteful chlorine use, or potentially hazardous and expensive re-treatment. Adding too much chlorine affects water taste (swimming pool), wastes expensive chlorine gas and adds the cost of extra residual chlorine removal. With too little chlorine added, the disinfection treatment process is incomplete, and the water requires costly additional alternative treatment or re-treatment.

The city’s system had been initially designed with simple site-gauge rotameters. Later, for automated control purposes, differential pressure (dP) type orifice plate flow meters were added into the system. The city’s engineers soon discovered the orifice plate dP meters could not be relied upon to measure accurately under flow conditions where little pressure differential was available, and the limited flow range could not support the changing dose rates with changes in water demand.

The treatment plant needed a better gas flow meter solution that would be appropriate for service in a 1-inch diameter pipe at a flow rate of 150 lb/day to 2000 lb/day [68 kg/day to 907 kg/day]. The operating temperature was 60°F to 100°F [16°C to 38°C] at a pressure of 0 psig to 10 psig [0 bar(g) to 0.7 bar(g)]. The flow meter would be used to measure chlorine and no other gases and would be installed in a location where inadequate straight-pipe run was present and added to the accuracy challenge for any velocity-based instrument. The flow velocities also resulted in measurement required in the transitional zone where the gas flow profile was transitioning from laminar to turbulent. Mass flow provided an additional advantage of allowing a simple, direct means of reconciling monthly throughput compared against the change in weight of the chlorine gas containers that were installed on load cell technology scales.

Figure 1: Water treatment plant chlorine tanks.

After consulting with the application engineering team at Fluid Components International (FCI), the engineers at the water department selected the Model ST100L thermal dispersion gas mass flow meter with built-in Vortab® flow conditioner (Figure 2). The Model ST100L is an in-line, spool piece flow meter that combines best-in-class transmitter/electronics and superior sensor design to provide a truly state-of-the-art gas flow meter for industrial process and plant applications in line sizes up to 2 inches [50 mm].

Figure 2: Installed ST100L Flow Meter with Vortab Flow Conditioner Solution.

FCI’s model ST100L constant power technology thermal flow meter (Figure 3) was installed in the water system’s chlorine gas inlet line to the chlorinator panel. To ensure maximum corrosion resistance and longest service life in the highly corrosive chlorine gas environment, the ST100L’s entire sensor assembly, including flow elements, flow body and Vortab flow conditioner elements, are fabricated entirely of Hastelloy C-276.

FCI’s gas flow meters are typically calibrated in FCI’s NIST traceable flow laboratory using the actual gas to be measured and at the installation’s actual temperature and pressure conditions. However, chlorine gas presents safety concerns during the calibration process which renders that process unfeasible. It has also been thoroughly established that air equivalency calibrations for chlorine gas are inaccurate, unrepeatable and simply, inadequate. FCI solves this problem by combining a lab-based equivalency basic calibration with an on-site, in-situ calibration adjustment against the site’s rotameters, all performed by an FCI field service technician. This achieved the highly accurate and repeatable measurement needed by the client. The on-site calibration matching proved to be the best solution because the total flow readings from the FCI Model ST100L and the weigh scale comparison were now consistently aligned.

Figure 3: Thermal dispersion constant power principle of operation.

The in-line configuration ST100L meter measures air/gas flow from 0.25 SFPS to 1000 SFPS (0,07 NMPS to 305 NMPS), with turndowns of 100:1 and with accuracy of ± 0.75 percent of reading, ± 0.5 percent of full scale. To match present and future DCS, PLC or SCADA needs, users can select from multiple output options including triple 4-20 mA analog, frequency/pulse, or certified digital bus communications of HART®, Foundation Fieldbus, PROFIBUS PA and Modbus RS485.

The ST100L flow meter also features a best-in-class graphical, multivariable, backlit LCD readout, which provides operators with a continuous display of all process measurements, alarm status and service diagnostics. Its four-button user keyboard is activated through the glass, which means the user never needs to remove lids or open up the unit at the installation site. The instrument also includes a USB port for PC interface and an ethernet port for service needs.

The ST100L meter is designed to ensure the longest service life in even the most rugged industrial applications and installations. The enclosure is NEMA4X/IP67 rated and features four separate conduit ports to isolate all wiring. Additional pedigrees include global agency approval for hazardous environments (ATEX, IECEx, FM, FMc, Inmetro, NEPSI and EAC/TR CU) and SIL compliance. The electronics/transmitter is available for installation as either integral with the flow element or remotable (up to 1000 feet [300 meters]).

The integral Vortab flow conditioner ensured optimal installation performance by overcoming the limited piping straight run and the flow range occurring in the transitional flow region. Vortab uniquely eliminates both swirl and velocity profile distortions produced by process equipment obstructions and/or inadequate straight run of pipe and ducting, as well as temperature and media stratification that can be present at the low flow rates where FCI meters perform and with the lowest pressure drop of all flow conditioner alternatives.

Conclusion

The ST100L flow meters have been installed in the chlorine gas inlet lines, achieving consistent accurate and repeatable flow measurement results. The site is achieving the desired disinfection results with proper chlorine dosing at significant cost savings due to reduced chlorine use, avoiding re-treatment and lessened residual chlorine removal processes.

Main image caption: ST100L Flow Meter with Vortab Flow Conditioner.

source http://sustainabilitymatters.net.au/content/water/article/flow-meter-enhances-chlorination-system-performance-for-municipal-water-department-250585611

from WordPress https://davidkent.home.blog/2021/08/31/flow-meter-enhances-chlorination-system-performance-for-municipal-water-department/

[militaryleak]

US State Department Approves Sale of 300 FGM-148 Javelin Anti-tank Missiles to Royal Thai Army

The State Department has made a determination approving a possible Foreign Military Sale to the Government of Thailand of FGM-148 Javelin man-portable fire-and-forget anti-tank missile and related equipment for an estimated cost of $83.5 million. #military

The State Department has made a determination approving a possible Foreign Military Sale (FMS) to the Government of Thailand of FGM-148 Javelin man-portable fire-and-forget anti-tank missile and related equipment for an estimated cost of $83.5 million. The Javelin Weapon System will replace the obsolete 106mm Recoilless Rifles that the Royal Thai Army (RTA) acquired as part of the Military…

[trioticzz]

SEVEN TYPES OF VALVES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Introduction:

Valves are electro-mechanical devices that are used to control the movement of various elements through pipes or tubes, or from tanks or other containers.

While most valves are designed by the Valve Manufacturers as on-off types, others are designed to enable accurate control of the passage of media. In most of the instances, the valves typically rely on some form of mechanical barrier.

Types of Valves and Their Applications :

Ball Valves :

Ball Valves are a type of quarter-turn valves that incorporates ported spheres which spins in the pipe stream to either block, or allow, flow and provides low head-loss characteristics as the port can exactly match the pipe diameter. These valves are used in places where a fluid flow must be shut off i.e., from a compressed-air line to a high-pressure, hydraulic system.

Butterfly Valves :

Butterfly Valves are also a type of quarter-turn valves which employ centre-mounted circular flaps that swing into, and out of, the flow stream. They are more leak-prone than ball valves and subject to higher head losses. Generally smaller and cheaper than a ball valve of the same capacity, butterfly valves are quite challenging to operate against the high pressure and flow.

Check Valves :

Check Valves basically permits the fluid to flow through them in one direction only. They are used in gas lines, for air service, and within pumps where the fluid needs to move in a single direction. They are capable of being manufactured in plastic, miniaturized, and may incorporate many special features such as metal seats.

Gate Valves :

Gate Valves are mainly used for blocking the fluid flow and aren’t used that much for flow regulation. These valves use a plate-like barrier that can be lowered into the flow stream to stop the flow with their operation being similar to that of a globe valve except that the gate provides a lesser flow restriction than what the globe-valve plug gives when the valve is in the fully opened position. Hence they are used in power plants, wastewater treatment plants and processing plants for shut-off and isolation services.

Globe Valves :

Globe Valves are a spherically shaped valve bodies which uses a globe-shaped disc to restrict the flow by closing against a constricting orifice. Basically, they can close against the flow of the fluid or with it, depending up on the requirements of the installation. When the disc is opened and closed with a hand-held wheel on manually operated valves and with an actuator and sliding shaft on automatic valves. A Globe Valves Supplier usually prefers the shape of the disc to be varied in order to produce a full-flow quickly, or, by using a more tapered design plug can provide a valve that can regulate the flow precisely.

Needle Valves :

In Needle Valves the flow is regulated by inserting or withdrawing a tapered stem into or out of a similarly tapered orifice by creating a very precise way of adjusting fluid flow through the orifice thus capable of being used to meter fluid flow through tubing or ports. Ideally, they aren’t suited for usage in shut-off service applications hence these type of valves is deployed in vacuum systems also for the metering systems where precisely regulated flow is required because of the higher number of turns required to close the valve.

Plug Valves :

Plug Valves are one type of a quarter-turn valves used to control fluid flow through a pipe. Since these valves restricts the flow in a similar method used in a ball valve, by using a ported plug rather than a ported ball that swivels in the flow stream to constrict or allow flow they are used for shut-off and are used as control valves for the chemical process industries, processing plants and wastewater treatment facilities.

Crucial Points to Remember :

The type of material selected plays a prominent role in specifying the Stock Valves to ensure the compatibility of the wetted parts of the valve with the fluid or powder passing through it. In selecting pipeline valves, an important consideration is whether the valve will be used for start-stop operations or for throttling. Choosing a valve design which minimizes hammering of water can usually mitigate the damage impact level suffered by the system and its components, and reduce the risk of complete failure.

Solutions You Need :

We Fevisa being one of the leading Valve Stockist in USA and Valve Manufacturers in Spain ensure that we strictly adhere to the standards of the industry in order to provide the customer with a long lasting and future proof valve designs according to their industrial needs. Other than regular valves, we also manufacture UL FM approved Valves and WRAS approved Valves. Contact us for getting the right solution from our team of experts.

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[little-p-eng-engineering]

Classification of Valves

July 3, 2017

P.Eng.

Meena Rezkallah

Whether you are searching for "classification of valves" or "valves" the following are some of the commonly used valve classifications:

Classification Based on Mechanical Motion

Based on the mechanical or cyclical motion of the valve closure member, valves are classified as follows:

Linear Motion Valves. The valves in which the closure member, as in gate, globe, diaphragm, pinch, and lift check valves, moves in a straight line to allow, stop, or throttle the flow. Table A10.1 lists the valves based on motion of valve-closure member.

Rotary Motion Valves. When the valve-closure member travels along an angular or circular path, as in butterfly, ball, plug, eccentric and swing check valves, the valves are called rotary motion valves. See Table A10.1.

Quarter Turn Valves. Some rotary motion valves require approximately a quarter turn, 0 through 90°, motion of the stem to go to fully open from a fully closed position or vice versa. Refer to Table A10.1.

Classification Based on Valve Size

Valve Size. Valve size is denoted by the nominal pipe size (NPS), which is equal to the size of valve-connecting ends or the flange-end size. In the metric system, valve size is designated by the nominal diameter (DN) of connecting pipe or the connecting flange ends. When a valve is installed with reducers on each end, the size of the valve will be equal to the size of the reducer-connecting ends attached to the valve. The valve size is not necessarily equal to the inside diameter of the valve.

It is a normal industry practice to categorize valves, based upon size, in two classification: small and large.

Small Valves. NPS 2 (DN 50) and smaller valves are called small valves. At times, NPS 2¹⁄₂ (DN 65) and smaller valves are referred to as small valves. As such, the size classification can vary and, therefore, it should not be considered a uniform industry practice.

Large Valves. NPS 2¹⁄₂ (DN 65) and larger valves are classified as large valves. As indicated earlier, NPS 2¹⁄₂ (DN 65) valves may be designated as small valves, depending on the criteria used in classifying small valves.

Classification Based on Pressure-Temperature Rating

Class Ratings. Pressure-temperature ratings of valves are designated by class numbers. Based on the material(s) of construction, the pressure-temperature ratings for each class are tabulated to provide the maximum allowable working pressures, expressed as gauge pressures, at the temperature shown. The temperature shown for a corresponding pressure rating is the temperature of the pressure-containing shell of the component. Items such as a piping system or a portion thereof, a pump, tank, heat exchanger, pressure vessel, valves, et cetera are considered components. ASME B16.34, Valves—Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End is one of the most widely used valve standards. It defines three types of classes: standard, special, and limited. ASME B16.34 covers Class 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500, and 4500 valves. It also allows valves to be classified as intermediate whose pressure- temperature ratings may fall within those listed for the standard and special class valves. See Table A10.2 for valve classifications and their limitations covered by ASME B16.34. Refer to Table A1.2 in Chapter A1 for metric equivalent (PN) of valve classifications. Tables A10.3 and A10.4 provide a listing of valve classes covered by various commonly used valve standards published by the Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) and the American Petroleum Institute (API). Table A10.5 provides a brief summary of valves covered by AWWA standards.

Cold Working Pressure (CWP) Rating. Valves are also rated by the CWP rating. This rating represents the maximum allowable working pressure at the ambient temperature to which the valve may be subjected in normal service. Sometimes it is referred to as cold rating. The pressure rating of a valve at —20 to 100°F (—29 to 38°C), as listed in ASME B16.34 and other valve standards, is considered cold working pressure (CWP) or cold rating. CWP is also designated as the water-oil-gas (WOG) rating. Valves marked with CWP or WOG rating are primarily intended for applications in which the flow medium is maintained at ambient temperature, such as, but not limited to, water, oil, and gas distribution and transmission systems.

General Service Rating. The general service rating may be considered to be the equivalent of the CWP rating. Some valve manufacturers assign two ratings, fire rating and general service rating, to a valve. A UL-listed and FM-approved valve rated for 175 psig (1210 kPa) may have a general service rating of 400 psig (2760 kPa) at ambient temperature. It means that this valve can be used in a fire protection system having a maximum allowable working pressure of 175 psi (1210 kPa) or less, whereas it can be used in other services termed as general services and be subjected to a maximum allowable working pressure of 400 psig (2760 kPa). One must classify the service in accordance with the code of construction, as required. If the service does not fall within the jurisdiction of a code, then prudent engineering judgment may be followed in selecting the valve.

Steam Working Pressure (SWP) Rating. The SWP rating of a valve is intended to define the maximum working pressure corresponding to the steam temperature. A valve assigned a SWP rating must not be used in steam service at pressures and temperatures exceeding the rating.

Dual or Multiple Ratings. A valve may be assigned one or more ratings by the valve manufacturer. Ratings assigned must be marked on the valve. The marking on the valve must be in accordance with the applicable valve standard or standards. A valve may comply with one or more valve standards. For example, a Class 600, NPS 4 (DN 100), butt-welding end, steel gate valve complying with ASME B16.34 may be marked as Class 800 valve in accordance with API Standard 603, provided the valve complies with the design and construction requirements of both ASME B16.34 and API 603. Some valve manufacturers may have proprietary design valves that are rated for specialty applications. Dual- or multiple-rated valves may be used within the pressure-temperature rating(s) conforming to the valve standard referenced in the code of jurisdiction under which the system is designed and constructed. Dual- or multiple-rated valves have increased utility and broad market. The manufacturer benefits from reduced design and production costs.

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[drdiandralp]

In-Car Fire Suppression Systems

Note: This post was revised and updated on May 6, 2020 from the original. NASCAR has made significant advances in protecting drivers from crashes, but fire is more of a challenge. Let's take a look at how fire suppression systems have evolved.

A Brief History of Fire Suppression Systems

A loaded NASCAR racecar carries 20 gallons of fuel and more than a gallon of oil. All those combustible materials are in close proximity to hot metal and electrical equipment being pushed to their limits. A broken part can rupture a fuel or oil line, spreading flammable liquid everywhere. Fireball1 Roberts' death after a fiery wreck2 in the 1964 World 600 spawned NASCAR's first fire safety rules. NASCAR mandated fire-resistant driver safety gear. Drivers used to dip street clothes in fire-retardant chemicals. Roberts was an asthmatic and the chemicals used worsened his symptom, so he didn't use the chemicals. Every car had to have an on-board fire-extinguishers within reach of the driverRubber fuel cells replaced steel fuel tanks, which could easily rupture in a crash. But That Wasn't Enough The driver's best protection against fire is getting out of the car; however, that's not always possible. NASCAR firesuits protect against second degree burns for about 10 seconds. If a car bursts into flame at 200 mph, it could take more than ten seconds for the driver to stop the car much less get out of it. A crash may also impair the driver's ability to steer or get out of the car. In Dale Earnhardt, Jr.'s 2014 Texas crash, the car stopped with the driver's side jammed up against the outside wall. Dale had to wriggle out of the car and walk across the car's hood to get away from the vehicle. Ironically, many of the safety improvements for impact make it harder for the driver to get out of the car quickly. Things like wrap-around seats, HANS devices, helmets and gloves complicate driver egress. Do-It-Yourself Fire Suppression The first on-board fire suppression systems were portable extinguishers. In case of fire, the driver had to locate the extinguisher, aim it and pull the pin. Then the car filled with powder in addition to the smoke. The chemical powder used to smother the fire was extremely hard on human lungs. The final weakness of this system is that it didn't address the worst case: a driver unable to get himself out of the car.

Taking It Out of the Drivers' Hands A.J. Foyt's team debuted the first automatic onboard fire extinguishing system debuted in the 1967 Indy 500. After Foyt had a fiery crash in Milwaukee in  1965, DuPont representatives offered help designing an integral fire extinguisher system. Foyt's team added a temperate-sensitive switch that would automatically deploy in case of fire. (In 1975, Indy 500 competitors accused Foyt of hiding extra fuel in his fire extinguisher.)

Defining the Problem: It's Not Just Fire

The driver's cockpit has a volume of about 100 cubic feet. NASCAR requires a 5-lb manually-activated fire extinguisher in the driver's compartment. The drawing below shows the locations of the nozzle and the switch.

When Ryan Blaney's crew chief asked if he had activated the fire suppression system, Blaney's response was: "Dude, I was trying to get out of it. I didn't look for the pin. I couldn't see it regardless. --Ryan Blaney" In 2003, NASCAR required a separate, thermally activated fire extinguisher system for the fuel-cell area. This system contains 10 pounds of extinguishing chemical for the 17 cubic foot fuel cell compartment.

Putting Out Fires Fire requires heat, oxygen and fuel. Once you have these three components, fire continues via a chain reaction. Heated fuel produces gas-phase free radicals -- highly reactive compounds that quickly combine with oxygen from the air. That combustion reaction produces more heat. That heat frees more free radicals from the fuel, which combine with oxygen and produce more heat. It's like a nuclear chair reaction, but at the molecular level.

You must eliminate (or more) one of the components in the chain reaction to break the chain. How Water Puts Out Fire Water cools a fire, eliminating the 'heat' component. Heat turns water from liquid to steam. Water redirects the fire's heat into vaporizing the water, so there's less heat available to form more free radicals.

Also, a thin layer of water forms between the fuel and the air around the fuel. That layer separates the fire and the fuel, making it harder to sustain the chain reaction. Gasoline Fires Water extinguishes fires involving Class A Combustibles like paper, wood, and clothing. Grease and oil (Class B combustibles) don't respond to water. Firstly, water cannot form a protective barrier between fuel and air because the fuel floats to the top of the waterA stream of water can cause fuel to spatter, which distributes the fuel over a wider area. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers One way to suppress a gasoline fire is with chemicals that smother the fire by removing or displacing oxygen. Carbon dioxide (aka CO2), is heavier than air, so it works the same way water works on Type A combustibles displaces the air around the fuel. The foam covers the fuel and forms a barrier against oxygen. A pressurized liquid also comes out cold, adding heat mitigation. The major problem with CO2 extinguishers for race cars is that drivers need oxygen, so removing the oxygen causes a problem. Never use carbon dioxide extinguishers in confined spaces. Dry Chemical Fire Suppressors Chemicals like monoammonium phosphate (also used as fertilizer), sodium bicarbonate (yes, baking soda) and potassium bicarbonate also create a barrier between oxygen and fuel. The risks of dry chemicals outweigh the benefits in motorsports because an explosion of powder could keep the driver from seeing (or breathing). They're also really hard to clean up. Halon A.J. Foyt's 1967 system used Halon 1301 (CBrF3). Halon is a chlorofluorocarbon gas. When pressurized, a lot of halon fits in a small container. When deployed, the gas expands to covers the entire volume, providing protection that doesn't requiring any aiming. Halons were first used in World War 2 on aircraft and tanks (which are always good comparators for racecars). They didn't impair the driver's vision and, because Halon doesn't form conductive ions, it doesn't damage electronics. Unfortunately, the heat in the racecar during races warmed the Halon 1311 gas and the cylinders discharged without warning. A variant (Halon 1211) was preferable because it didn't need to be held at such high pressure, so it didn't discharge accidentally.

Halon 1211 is the brand name for bromochlorodifluoromethane , or CF2ClBr. The rule requiring 5 lbs of of an approved extinguishing gas in the cockpit comes from testing on this compound. Halon does cool the fuel, but its primary fire suppression mechanism is attaching to the free radicals before the free radicals can combust with oxygen. This breaks up the chain reaction.

Because Halon doesn't displace oxygen, it works well in confined spaces. It's stable and easily recyclable. It was the fire suppressant of choice until we realized how badly chlorofluorocarbons damage the ozone layer. (Another name for Halon is Freon 12B1.) The Montreal Protocol banned CFC production in 1994.

Today's Fire Suppressors

The need for an alternative to Halon wasn't just a motorsports problem. Halons were the global industry standard for fire protection. DuPont took the lead to find alternatives. As with any critical application, you end up with a long list of requirements. Effective at suppressing fireAcceptable human inhalation toxicityDoes not impair or obstruct the driver or rescue teamAbility to suppress a fire shielded behind somethingEasy to useEasy to clean upNo residue that would affect subsequent track gripElectrically nonconductiveSmall and lightShelf stable FE-36

DuPont's FE-36 is a hydrofluorocarbon: 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane or CF3CH2CF3. Hydrofluorocarbons are similar to chlorofluorocarbons, but since hydrofluorocarbons have neither bromine nor chlorine atoms, they are not damaging to the ozone layer. They aren't quite as effective as the Halons, but they do the job and don't have the cardiac sensitization issues of the chlorofluorocarbons. FE-36 quickly became the prime ingredient in motorsports fire suppression systems.

But...

Although they don't attack the ozone layer, hydrofluorocarbons are still greenhouse gases. FE-36 has an atmospheric lifetime of 220 years. That means that if a FE-36 fire protection unit goes off during a race, those FE-36 molecules will be hanging around our atmosphere until 2238. A similar chemical, FM-200 is a little better because its atmospheric lifetime is only 33 years, but that's still a pretty long time. Because of these concerns, legislation to regulate and eventually phase-out the use of these chemicals is being considered (mostly in the European Union at present).  Chemical manufacturers have gone back to the drawing board.

NOVEC 1230 In 2012, Greg Biffle's #16 car debuted a NOVEC-1230 fire suppression system created by 3M, then Biffle's sponsor. "NOVEC" is the trade name for CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2 – aka dodecafluoro-2-methylpentane-3-one. Novec 1230 absorbs heat, just like water. The mechanism is a little more complicated. Novec 1230 combines with air to form a gas capable of absorbing a lot of heat. It also evaporates 50 times faster than water. Novec 1230 offers similar no-ozone-depletion, but creates much less of a greenhouse gas load. The positive is that Novec 1230's atmospheric lifetime is only five days. Novec 1230 shows a lot of promise for the biggest fire-suppression issue these days: protecting data centers where huge numbers of hot-running servers store people's critical data.

No Solution is Perfect

A series of pit-road accidents lead F1 to prohibit cars from refueling during races in 2010. While it adds an interesting strategic element (the car's handling changes greatly as the fuel load goes from 100 pounds toward zero), I don't see it happening in NASCAR. As we've said here before: There is no way to make racing entirely safe.

Notes

Fireball Roberts got his nickname from his baseball career, not as a result of the accident that ultimately led to his death.Roberts emerged from the crash with burns over 80% of his body and miraculously survived for several weeks, but ultimately contracted pneumonia and sepsis. Read the full article

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The U.S. State Department has made a determination approving a possible Foreign Military Sale (FMS) to the Government of Australia of Heavy Armored Combat Systems and related equipment for an estimated cost of $1.685 billion. #military #defense #defence

The U.S. State Department has made a determination approving a possible Foreign Military Sale (FMS) to the Government of Australia of Heavy Armored Combat Systems and related equipment for an estimated cost of $1.685 billion. The Government of Australia has requested to buy one hundred sixty (160) M1A1 Tank structures/hulls provided from stock in order to produce the following end items and…