#Digital communities

[fansplaining]

The internet is really good at speaking in extremes. Someone is either the G.O.A.T. or someone is trash. Someone is the internet’s boyfriend, or the internet’s villain. And there’s very little gray space, where people come to the dais of the public square. It is only kind of for one of those extreme reasons. They are the greatest of all time, we worship them, or they’re the worst thing ever, let’s mock them, at a time when they could probably use a helping hand, not mockery.

Dylan Marron on the lack of nuance in online conversations while discussing his new podcast, The Redemption of Jar Jar Binks. Click through to listen to the whole interview or read a full transcript!

[chipchiu-mda20009]

Slow Fashion: Savior or Just Another Aesthetic?

Okay, so we all know fast fashion is bad. Like, really bad. We’re talking about mass pollution, sweatshop labor, and clothes falling apart after two washes. Enter slow fashion, the internet’s favorite “ethical” alternative. But here’s the thing—does slow fashion actually solve the problem, or is it just another way to make us feel good while still over-consuming?

What Even Is Slow Fashion?

Slow fashion is basically the opposite of fast fashion—think quality over quantity, ethical over exploitative, timeless over trendy (Symons, 2023). Instead of mass-producing cheap, disposable clothing, slow fashion brands focus on sustainable materials, fair wages, and classic designs that last (Symons, 2023). Sounds great, right?

Except… this isn’t exactly a new thing. The movement actually dates back to anti-fur protests in the ’80s and factory labor movements of the ’90s (Lai et al., 2017). The difference? Now it’s got a trendy minimalist aesthetic and a bunch of influencers telling us to buy $300 linen pants in the name of sustainability.

Digital Citizenship & the Rise of Slow Fashion Influencers

Social media has changed everything when it comes to fashion activism (Technopak Advisors, n.d.). Instead of brands setting the trends, influencers like Venetia La Manna, Kristen Leo, and Tiffany Ferguson are out here calling out companies for their unethical practices. Online thrifting communities like Second Runway and Big Sister Swap are making reusing clothes cool again.

This is where digital citizenship comes in—the idea that how we use the internet actually matters. Slow fashion thrives in this space, just like other digital movements (think BLM or climate activism). Platforms like TikTok and Instagram have become battlegrounds for calling out corporate greenwashing, sharing sustainable fashion tips, and exposing the real cost of cheap clothes (Nemiroff, 2025).

So What’s the Catch?

Here’s where things get messy. Slow fashion sounds like the perfect fix, but it’s not without its problems:

🚨 Expensive AF – Ethical wages and sustainable materials come at a price, meaning slow fashion isn’t always accessible to people who can’t drop $$$ on a single piece of clothing.

🚨 Greenwashing 101 – Big brands (cough H&M, Burberry cough) slap a “sustainable” label on a collection and call it a day, all while burning unsold clothes and exploiting workers (Brewer, 2019).

🚨 Still Consumption at the End of the Day – The whole “just buy better” mindset still encourages buying, just in a different way. The most sustainable option? Rewearing what you already own.

So… Savior or Just Another Capitalist Rebrand?

Slow fashion is better than fast fashion, no doubt. But does it solve the root problem? Not really. True sustainability means changing the system—not just swapping out fast fashion hauls for “conscious collections.”

At the end of the day, the best thing we can do is consume less, rewear more, and demand actual accountability from brands. That, and maybe stop pretending that a $250 organic cotton tee is gonna save the world.

💭 Thoughts? Are you a slow fashion stan or do you think it’s just another aesthetic? Let’s talk.

References

Kale, S. (2024, August 15). The care-label queen: how Andrea Cheong will stop you buying bad clothes. The Guardian; The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/article/2024/aug/15/the-care-label-queen-how-andrea-cheong-will-stop-you-buying-bad-clothes?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Lai, Z., Henninger, C. E., & Alevizou, P. J. (2017). An Exploration of Consumers’ Perceptions Towards Sustainable Fashion – A Qualitative Study in the UK. Sustainability in Fashion, 81–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51253-2_5

Nemiroff, B. (2025, January 19). Fashion educator shares “red flags” for buying new clothing: “Just need to be mindful.” The Cool Down. https://www.thecooldown.com/green-home/greenwashing-red-flags-online-shopping-tiktok/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Symons, F. (2023, August 24). What Is Slow fashion? Oxfam GB. https://www.oxfam.org.uk/oxfam-in-action/oxfam-blog/what-is-slow-fashion/

Technopak. (2024, April 9). The Impact of Social Media on Fashion Consumption and Culture: An Indian perspective - Technopak Advisors. Technopak Advisors. https://www.technopak.com/the-impact-of-social-media-on-fashion-consumption-and-culture-an-indian-perspective/

#SlowFashion #Sustainability #FastFashion #DigitalActivism

[binhwantstoeatoreo]

Week 4: Digital Community and Fandom: Reality TV Case Study

The Simple Life: How Social Media Revived Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie's Reality TV Legacy

Digital Communities, Fandom, and the Power of Nostalgia

In our always-online era, nostalgia isn’t just a feeling—it’s a whole digital ecosystem, and reality TV is thriving because of it. Enter The Simple Life (2003–2007), the OG chaotic blond-bestie duo, Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie. What was once a hilariously absurd fish-out-of-water show is now a full-blown cultural relic, resurrected through memes, TikTok edits, and Gen Z’s insatiable love for camp. Social media has basically given this show a second life, proving that iconic moments never truly fade—they just get repackaged with a trendy soundbite and a side of irony. It’s like self-branding, but for TV history—who knew The Simple Life would be living rent-free in our feeds two decades later?

The increased accessibility of past reality TV through streaming platforms and online fan communities ensures that audiences can constantly rediscover and reinterpret these shows (Kavka, 2019, p. 7). What was once considered “trash TV” has now been reframed as a cultural commentary, with Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie becoming icons of an era where self-branding and celebrity were beginning to merge with reality entertainment.

Paris and Nicole: Reality TV Personas as Self-Brands

Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie were not just reality TV stars; they were early adopters of self-branding, embodying a highly curated yet seemingly authentic version of themselves. Their on-screen personas—Hilton as the naive, pampered heiress and Richie as the witty, rebellious sidekick—aligned perfectly with what scholars call “the self as a project,” where reality TV participants cultivate and monetize their public image (Kavka, 2019, p. 8).

Their exaggerated antics, catchphrases like Hilton’s iconic “That’s hot,” and Richie’s sarcastic quips became instantly recognizable cultural touchstones. These personas weren’t just accidental; they were carefully crafted extensions of their real lives, designed to generate engagement. In many ways, Hilton and Richie pioneered “performative authenticity” (Deller, 2019, p. 167), a concept that modern influencers continue to exploit on social media. The balance between authenticity and curation—where a celebrity appears genuine while maintaining a highly constructed public image—is a hallmark of influencer culture today.

Reality TV, as a genre, has always been shaped by the tension between authenticity and performance, and The Simple Life capitalized on this ambiguity. Kavka (2019, p. 12) notes that reality TV creates a unique space where participants perform their own identities within a structured, semi-scripted environment. Hilton and Richie’s “characters” blurred the lines between real and exaggerated, laying the groundwork for today’s influencer economy, where social media personalities navigate a similar balance between reality and fabrication.

In a recent interview, Hilton and Richie reflected on their experiences and acknowledged how The Simple Life helped shape their public personas, despite their parents initially discouraging them from participating in the show (Moore, 2024). This retrospective self-awareness aligns with the broader trend of reality TV stars reclaiming their narratives in the digital age.

Social Media and Reality TV’s Nostalgic Resurgence

The resurgence of The Simple Life can be largely credited to social media’s ability to turn past reality TV content into meme culture. Deller (2019, p. 158) points out that reality TV moments frequently become GIFs, reaction images, and viral tweets, extending their cultural shelf life well beyond their original air dates. Hilton and Richie’s escapades are now widely shared in TikTok edits, Instagram reels, and Twitter threads, proving that their comedic chemistry remains timeless.

Beyond humor, the show’s themes of satire and social critique resonate differently with contemporary audiences. In the early 2000s, The Simple Life was often dismissed as trivial entertainment (Pelletier & Seenarine, 2022). However, looking back, it can be viewed as an early critique of class privilege and consumer culture (Noonan, 2024). Fans now reinterpret it through a more analytical lens, similar to how other nostalgic media from the 2000s has been re-examined in the digital era (Deller, 2019, p. 157).

Kavka (2019, p. 5) further explores how reality TV formats have shifted from mere entertainment to interactive experiences, where audiences participate in the narrative through online engagement. This participatory culture allows fans to remix and reinterpret past reality TV moments, ensuring their continued relevance in digital spaces. An article from The Cut highlights The Simple Life’s enduring cultural impact, noting that 20 years after its premiere, the show continues to shape pop culture discourse. Social media discussions and the availability of the series on streaming platforms have introduced it to younger viewers, cementing its legacy (Jacobs, 2023).

From Considered "Trashy" Reality TV to Social Media Icons

Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie’s influence did not end when The Simple Life went off the air. Instead, they successfully transitioned from reality TV stars to digital-era celebrities, proving their adaptability in the evolving landscape of fame. Hilton, in particular, has mastered the art of social media reinvention. She continues to embrace her “dumb blonde” persona while simultaneously positioning herself as a business mogul. Her 2020 documentary This Is Paris revealed a more introspective side of her, demonstrating how social media allows reality TV alumni to reclaim their narratives (Hilton, 2020).

Nicole Richie, though less overtly public, has also found a niche in the digital age, using her signature humor to engage with audiences while distancing herself from her tabloid-fueled past. Both women showcase how reality TV alumni can maintain relevance by embracing social media and adapting their personas to fit new digital landscapes.

A discussion in ASAP Journal explores how reality TV has evolved in response to social media’s interactive nature, emphasizing how audience engagement fuels the longevity of shows like The Simple Life. Reality TV no longer ends when the cameras stop rolling; instead, it lives on in social media discourse, reaction videos, and fan communities (Luca & Sharma, 2024).

Final thoughts: The Blurring Lines Between Reality TV and Social Media Fame

The case of The Simple Life illustrates how reality television and social media exist in a symbiotic relationship. As Deller (2019, p. 159) explains, reality TV set the foundation for today’s influencer culture, where visibility and audience engagement dictate a celebrity’s longevity. Hilton and Richie were ahead of their time in understanding that personal branding could extend beyond traditional television, shaping how celebrities navigate digital fame today.

Moreover, the shift from passive reality TV consumption to active audience participation highlights the genre’s adaptability. Kavka (2019, p. 9) notes that contemporary reality TV relies on the audience’s involvement, making it an evolving, interactive format rather than a static media product. This is evident in how shows like The Simple Life continue to generate online discourse, ensuring their continued relevance.

Social media hasn’t just revived The Simple Life; it has fundamentally changed how we engage with reality TV nostalgia. Through memes, archival clips, and ongoing fan discussions, Hilton and Richie continue to be cultural fixtures, proving that in the digital age, pop culture never truly disappears—it simply reinvents itself through new platforms and fresh perspectives.

References:

@mrrsrc. (2024, October 15). Well, that was unexpected || @ParisHilton #thesimplelife #meme #nicolerichie #parishilton #flirting #fyp #2000s #y2k. Tiktok.com. https://www.tiktok.com/@mrrsrc/video/7425689519065795873?lang=en

Deller, R. A. (2019). “Chapter Six: Reality Television in an Age of Social Media.” Reality Television: The Television Phenomenon That Changed the World, 167. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781839090219

Hilton, P. (2020, September 14). The Real Story of Paris Hilton | This Is Paris Official Documentary | Paris Hilton - YouTube. YouTube.com. https://youtu.be/wOg0TY1jG3w?si=7lracHDOMXCh0IVH

Jacobs, M. (2023, November 24). Oral History: “The Simple Life” Turns 20. The Cut. https://www.thecut.com/2023/11/the-simple-life-20th-anniversary-interviews.html

Kavka, M. (2018). Reality TV: its contents and discontents. Critical Quarterly, 60(4), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/criq.12442

Luca, C., & Sharma, A. (2024, August 27). Reality TV in the Social Media Economy / A Conversation About Reality TV in the Social Media Economy. ASAP/Review. https://asapjournal.com/node/reality-tv-in-the-social-media-economy-a-conversation-about-reality-tv-in-the-social-media-economy/

Moore, J. (2024, December 5). Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie’s Parents “Told Us Not to” Make “The Simple Life” Originally. People.com. https://people.com/paris-hilton-and-nicole-richie-parents-told-us-not-to-make-the-simple-life-originally-8756878

Noonan, S. (2024, December). The Reality TV Shows That Raised A Generation. Substack.com; THINGS THAT KEEP ME UP AT NIGHT. https://tidbitsetc.substack.com/p/the-tv-that-raised-me?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web

Offensive Tea. (2024). the SKINNIEST show that’s EVER been made part 1: fastfood queens. Youtube.com. https://youtu.be/kH8nc_z9_70?si=l4q0p8llwIKa4Gmw

Pelletier, A., & Seenarine, N. (2022, February 2). Cooking competitions satisfy reality TV cravings - The Quinnipiac Chronicle. The Quinnipiac Chronicle. https://quchronicle.com/75711/arts-and-life/cooking-competitions-satisfy-reality-tv-cravings/

Sufficient_Motor_458. (2024). just me and “simple life” paris hilton trying to make it through another monday. Reddit.com. https://www.reddit.com/r/popculturechat/comments/1bhskp2/just_me_and_simple_life_paris_hilton_trying_to/

[helpnemo]

🌿 The #BodyPositive Movement on Tumblr: A Free Space or Still Limited?

MDA20009 Digital Communities

On Tumblr, #BodyPositive is more than just a hashtag—it is a community where people challenge traditional beauty standards, seek self-acceptance, and spread messages of body love. While this movement has helped many individuals gain confidence, it still faces certain limitations.

📖 The Origin and Development of #BodyPositive 

The #BodyPositive movement did not emerge randomly; it originated from the Fat Acceptance Movement in the late 1960s in the U.S. (Body Positivity, 2022), a time when Western beauty standards favored thinness and marginalized larger bodies.

With the rise of social media, the movement expanded rapidly, particularly on Tumblr—a platform known for its anonymity and engagement-driven features like hashtags and reblogging (Osborn, 2022). Here, a #BodyPositive post can easily be shared across different communities, such as #transisbeautiful (supporting transgender individuals) or #mentalhealthawareness, broadening awareness of body diversity.

🔍 Tumblr’s Role in the #BodyPositive Movement

Tumblr plays a significant role in the #BodyPositive movement, offering an open space for sharing and promoting self-acceptance. However, it still struggles against deep-rooted societal biases.

Key factors include: 

✔️ Anonymity, allowing users to share body images without fear of judgment.

✔️ Reblogging mechanisms, facilitating the spread of #BodyPositive messages across communities. 

✔️ An open environment where marginalized groups can find support and solidarity.

Most comments on #BodyPositive posts are encouraging and supportive, reflecting Tumblr’s role as a space for social critique and personal storytelling. 

Blog’s link: https://www.tumblr.com/perel/712327847937703936/check-out-my-body?source=share

However, research suggests that some content remains sexualized. Instead of focusing on self-acceptance, certain comments primarily evaluate women's appearances, highlighting the persistent societal bias within the movement.

⚖️ Is Tumblr Truly a Public Sphere? 

Although Tumblr fosters a space for the #BodyPositive movement, it falls short of being a true public sphere, as described by Jürgen Habermas. According to his theory, an ideal public sphere is a space where individuals can discuss social issues freely and equally. However, social media does not fully align with this concept. A study on digital media suggests:

Similar limitations apply to the #BodyPositive movement on Tumblr: algorithmic restrictions and content moderation can reduce diversity, users often interact within echo chambers, and the movement continues to emphasize physical appearance rather than fundamentally shifting perspectives on body image.

⚖️ The Lack of Diversity in #BodyPositive 

Although the #BodyPositive movement aims for inclusivity, studies reveal certain limitations. A study analyzing 300 images in the #BodyPositive movement found:

82.3% featured white women, → reflecting a lack of racial diversity.

50% included makeup, → suggesting that natural beauty is not fully embraced.

Only 17% showcased 'imperfections' such as scars, stretch marks, or acne (Griffin et al., 2022).

Rather than completely dismantling beauty norms, the movement sometimes expands existing standards—making them more flexible but not entirely transforming them.

🎭 When the Movement Still Focuses on Appearance

 While #BodyPositive broadens the definition of beauty, it continues to focus on physical appearance (West, 2022). Research by Cohen et al. (2020) found:

32% of images featured revealing or highly revealing clothing.

34% contained elements of body objectification.

Additionally, on other platforms like Instagram, the majority of people who openly share their journey of body acceptance are still white, heterosexual, young, and have body types that align with conventional beauty standards (Griffin et al., 2022)

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Danielle🌻💕 (@kale.themwith.kindness)

This has led many to question whether the movement genuinely helps everyone feel accepted or if it still operates within certain limitations.

🚨 Tumblr’s 2018 Content Moderation Policy and Its Impact on #BodyPositive

In 2018, Tumblr implemented a content moderation policy banning NSFW (Not Safe for Work) content, significantly impacting the #BodyPositive movement. The policy aimed to reduce child exploitation and extremist content (Sands, n.d.), but it also restricted body-positive content.

According to Habermas’s public sphere theory, Tumblr was considered an open space where individuals could discuss freely. However, the 2018 policy reduced this freedom, leading to:

 ❌ The removal of many body-related and sex-positive posts. 

❌ A decline in diversity within the #BodyPositive movement. 

❌ A migration of users to other platforms with stricter commercialized algorithms (Sands, n.d.).

As a result, while the policy aimed to regulate harmful content, it inadvertently restricted self-expression within the #BodyPositive community, limiting diversity and reducing Tumblr’s role as an open and inclusive space for body acceptance.

🔮 Conclusion 

Tumblr has been a crucial platform for the growth of the #BodyPositive movement, fostering a space for self-expression and community building. However, research shows that even in an open environment, traditional beauty standards still exert a strong influence.

To achieve the movement’s true objectives, further steps are necessary: 

✔️ Enhancing content diversity, especially by encouraging participation from underrepresented groups. 

✔️ Shifting from Body Positivity to Body Neutrality, recognizing bodies as natural aspects of human existence rather than assigning value based on appearance. 

✔️ Improving Tumblr’s algorithms, ensuring fair visibility of non-commercialized or less conventional body-positive content.

Ultimately, Tumblr must continue to serve as an open platform where the #BodyPositive movement can thrive—not just as a fleeting trend but as a meaningful shift in how society perceives bodies and self-worth.

References

Body positivity. (2022). Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/basics/body-positivity

Cohen, R., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2020). The case for body positivity on social media: Perspectives on current advances and future directions. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(13), 2365–2373. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320912450

Griffin, M., Bailey, K. A., & Lopez, K. J. (2022). #BodyPositive? A critical exploration of the body positive movement within physical cultures taking an intersectionality approach. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4(908580). https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.908580

Kruse, L. M., Norris, D. R., & Flinchum, J. R. (2018). Social media as a public sphere? Politics on social media. The Sociological Quarterly, 59(1), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2017.1383143

Osborn, T. (2022). From New York to Instagram: The history of the body positivity movement. BBC Bitesize. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z2w7dp3

Sands, M. (n.d.). Tumblocalypse: Where tumblr and its users are headed after the ban. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/masonsands/2018/12/20/tumblocalypse-where-tumblr-and-its-users-are-headed-after-the-ban/

West, M. (2022, April 29). Body positivity movement: Benefits, drawbacks, vs. body neutrality. Www.medicalnewstoday.com. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/body-positivity#in-popular-culture

[naomicindy]

‘The Dual Nature of Online Fandom: Why It’s the Best and Worst Place to Be’

By: naomicindy

If you’ve ever been in an online fandom, you already know: it’s a wild ride. One moment, you’re laughing over memes and bonding with strangers who feel like instant besties, and the next, you’re dodging heated debates that make you question humanity. Fandoms are so much more than just liking a celebrity, show, or game—they’re full-on communities. But let’s be real: they’re not perfect. Online fandoms have this dual personality thing going on, and it’s fascinating. They’re uplifting and creative but also sometimes toxic and stressful. 

First off, fandoms are all about connection. There’s something magical about realising other people are just as obsessed with your favorite K-pop group, anime, or book series as you are. According to Team MindPeers (2023), humans have an inherent desire to belong, and fandoms meet this need uniquely. You know that feeling when you meet people who love the same stuff as you? That’s what fandoms are all about—they make you feel like you’re part of something bigger. Whether it’s a band, a movie, or a video game, it’s not just a hobby anymore; it’s part of who you are. You connect over inside jokes, favorite characters, and all the feels. It’s like finding your own little family online, where everyone just gets it. Like, when you find your fandom, it’s like shouting into the void, “Does anyone else feel this way?!” and the void shouts back, “YES, WE DO!” Fandoms can make you feel so seen. You can be from completely different parts of the world, but the shared love for something creates this instant bond (Lee & Tak, 2019). I mean, where else would you find someone who gets why you cried for two days straight over a fictional character’s death? 

One of the coolest things about joining a fandom is seeing just how creative people can get. Fandoms are full of artists—whether it’s fanfiction, fan art, cosplays, remixes, or edits. Sometimes, the fan-made stuff is so amazing it feels like it could rival the original. It’s a space where creativity runs wild, and you get to share a side of yourself you might usually hide. The best part? No one judges—they cheer you on and push you to dream even bigger.

But then… there’s the dark side. Drama within fandoms is nearly unavoidable. It might feel as if everyone is banding together around a common interest one moment and then ripping each other apart over most random things in the next second. In K-pop fandoms, peace is a rare commodity, especially when rivalries flare up between fans of different groups. One memorable instance (for me) was the 2015 clash between EXO-Ls (EXO fans) and VIPs (BIGBANG fans) (Koreaboo, 2018). What began as a friendly competition took a sharp turn when EXO’s Love Me Right and BIGBANG’s Loser went head-to-head on M! Countdown and Inkigayo. Allegations of bias and cheating erupted, with fans accusing Mnet of favoring one group over the other. Mnet later clarified that unauthorized access had affected vote tallies:

“The page was closed, but someone gained access through some kind of negative method. Because of this, voting reopened, causing confusion. Only the tallied data up to 9 PM was reflected in the final scores.” -- Mnet

Despite their statement, tensions continued to grow, making this one of the most talked-about fandom "wars" of its time. The argument lasted until one EXO fan uploaded a video of herself burning a photo of BIGBANG's Taeyang while EXO's "Mama" played in the background. Other EXO-Ls were startled by the tweet and condemned her actions.

And if you think these battles only happen between different fandoms, here’s something even more surprising—and a bit terrifying. Fights can break out within the same fandom, often fueled by differing opinions, biases, or intense loyalty to certain members. Let’s talk about gatekeeping for a second. You’d think fandoms would be super welcoming—“Yay, more people love this thing I love!”—but nope. Some fans decide they’re the “real fans” and anyone who doesn’t meet their standards is a fake. Didn’t stream the album 100 times in one day? You might get side-eyed. Didn’t buy the latest album? Fake fans. It’s exhausting and honestly kind of sad. Like, why can’t we all just vibe?

Online fandoms are a strange combination of wonderful and chaotic, but that's what makes them so fascinating. They're about more than simply enjoying a performance, music, or game; they're about how we connect as humans in the digital age. Sure, there is drama, but there is also a lot of creativity, happiness, and community.

At the end of the day, fandoms remind us of one thing: we're all simply seeking something to bond over. And, whether it's by sharing fan art, arguing ideas, or organising a charity drive, fandoms demonstrate the greatest (and occasionally worst) aspects of what it means to belong.

Koreaboo. (2018, December 20). 6 biggest fanwars in K-pop history that we’re thankful are in the past. https://www.koreaboo.com/lists/kpop-history-remember-biggest-fanwars/  Lee, S. H., & Tak, J. Y. (2019, October). (PDF) fandom, social media, and identity work: The emergence of virtual community through the pronoun “we.” Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336860809_Fandom_social_media_and_identity_work_The_emergence_of_virtual_community_through_the_pronoun_we  Team MindPeers. (2023, August 3). Behind the screens: Unraveling the psychology behind fandoms. Blog. https://blog.mindpeers.co/behind-the-screens-unraveling-the-psychology-behind-fandoms#:~:text=Engaging%20with%20a%20fandom%20provides,interests%20and%20share%20their%20enthusiasm. 

[weiwhat]

'Social Media: The Unexpected Hero of the Pandemic?'

Social media? That cesspool of doomscrolling, misinformation, and endless arguments? But Hero of the pandemic? No way! Erdem, however argues the pandemic have enable social media to influence modern schooling of public health, essentially saving lives (Erdem 2021). Public health, as defined by Winslow, involves the science and practice of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting community health through organized efforts and informed choices made by various stakeholders (Winslow n.d.). These stakeholders include public and private entities, communities, individuals, and organizations. In contrast. Social media, on the other hand according to Gregersen, encompasses online platforms for mass communication, enabling users to connect and share content such as messages, ideas, and information(Gregersen 2024). In the modern era, public health and social media have increasingly intertwined. This interconnectedness prompts an important question: How effective is social media in disseminating information about COVID-19?

While pre-existing concerns about misinformation and echo chambers were amplified, the crisis also revealed the unprecedented power of these platforms for disease surveillance, information dissemination, community engagement, and health promotion. Social media became a virtual battleground where accurate information and dangerous falsehoods clashed, influencing public perception and behavior in ways never seen before.   

Disease Surveillance and Public Health Monitoring

-First Alarm of Covid Emergence From Twitter (X)

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical role of information in public health crises, with social media emerging as a dominant force. Platforms like Twitter and Facebook became primary sources for real-time updates, enabling organizations like the WHO and CDC to communicate directly with the public (Moorhead et al. as cited in Kanchan & Gaidhane 2023). This allowed for rapid dissemination of vital information about symptoms, prevention, and evolving public health recommendations, proving crucial in a dynamic situation with frequently changing guidelines (Kanchan & Gaidhane 2023).

-Snapshot of Facebook lives, providing updates in times of lockdown (Facebook-5.3 Million)

Furthermore, social media facilitated public health advocacy and policy shaping. Health professionals and advocacy groups utilized these platforms to engage with the public and decision-makers, promoting evidence-based policies like mask mandates and vaccination strategies (Kanchan & Gaidhane 2023). By amplifying diverse voices and marginalized perspectives, social media fostered a more inclusive and equitable public health response, ensuring a broader range of perspectives informed policy discussions and interventions.

 Information Dissemination

However, this same speed and accessibility that made social media a valuable tool for public health communication also fueled the spread of misinformation, conspiracy theories, and unverified claims (Pool, Fatehi & Akhlaghpour 2021). The "infodemic" that accompanied the pandemic, as termed by the WHO (2020), hindered public health efforts, fueled distrust in authorities, and even led to harmful behaviors such as the rejection of vaccines or the promotion of unproven remedies (Pool, Fatehi & Akhlaghpour 2021). This effectively eluded the needs for effective strategies to combat misinformation and promote critical media literacy in the digital age.

-Infodemic sources/Misinformation were censored and surveilled on Twitter (X)

Despite these challenges, social media also emerged as a powerful tool for combating misinformation. Experts and fact-checkers utilized these platforms to debunk false claims, provide evidence-based information, and promote adherence to public health guidelines (Sharma et al as cited in Kanchan & Gaidhane 2023). Social media also facilitated the rapid dissemination of research findings, clinical trial data, and treatment protocols, accelerating the global exchange of knowledge and helping healthcare professionals stay updated on the latest developments in COVID-19 management (Kanchan & Gaidhane 2023). This accelerated pace of information sharing proved crucial in a dynamic pandemic situation where scientific understanding and best practices were constantly evolving.

 Community Engagement

-Solidarity among Malaysian Healthcare workers ticked up via social media, in times of Movement Control Order (MCO)

Beyond its role in information dissemination, social media played a crucial role in fostering a sense of community and providing support during a time of unprecedented isolation and anxiety. Online communities and forums became spaces for individuals to connect, share their experiences, and offer encouragement (Naslund et al. as cited in Kanchan & Gaidhane 2023). This virtual support network helped mitigate the mental health impacts of lockdowns and social distancing measures, reminding people that they were not alone in their struggles. Social media platforms also became hubs for organizing mutual aid initiatives, coordinating donation drives, and providing support to frontline healthcare workers, showcasing the potential of these platforms to galvanize collective action and foster resilience in the face of adversity (Kanchan & Gaidhane 2023).

Health promotion

-Facebook groups 'Caremongering' bring communities to our screens during MCO

Social media platforms also offer a opportunity to engage with individuals and communities in promoting healthy behaviors and facilitating positive change (Kanchan & Gaidhane 2023). Targeted campaigns and interventions can be delivered through social media, reaching specific demographics with tailored messages about disease prevention, healthy lifestyles, and mental well-being (Kanchan & Gaidhane 2023). Studies have shown the effectiveness of social media interventions in addressing issues such as risky drinking ,cannabis use among young adults and most importantly during Covid isolation (Kanchan & Gaidhane 2023).

Concluding, the COVID-19 pandemic served as a powerful demonstration of both the potential and the challenges of social media in public health. While the spread of misinformation and ethical concerns remain significant challenges, the pandemic also highlighted the unprecedented ability of these platforms to disseminate vital information, foster community support, empower individuals and communities to take action, and shape public health policies. As we move forward, it is crucial to learn from the experiences of the pandemic and harness the power of social media responsibly and ethically to build a more informed, connected, and resilient global community.

References

Erdem, B 2021, ‘The Role of Social Media in the Times of the Covid-19 Pandemic’, European Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 110.

Gregersen, E 2024, ‘Social Media’, Encyclopædia Britannica, viewed <https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-media>.

Kanchan, S & Gaidhane, A 2023, ‘Social Media Role and Its Impact on Public Health: a Narrative Review’, Cureus, vol. 15, no. 1, p. e33737, viewed <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9925030/>.

Pool, J, Fatehi, F & Akhlaghpour, S 2021, ‘Infodemic, Misinformation and Disinformation in Pandemics: Scientific Landscape and the Road Ahead for Public Health Informatics Research’, Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, vol. 281, pp. 764–768, viewed 31 August 2021, <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34042681/>.

Winslow, C n.d., Public Health 101 Series Instructor name Title Organization, viewed <https://www.cdc.gov/training-publichealth101/media/pdfs/introduction-to-public-health.pdf>.

[shinbubu7856]

Tumblr: A Platform for Underrepresented Communities

Tumblr has now carved out a niche within the larger context, becoming a kind of “public space” for people who want to express themselves strongly but do not want to be judged and harassed. Public space, as Habermas describes it, is a space where people gather to exchange ideas and engage in political discussions (Kruse 2018). Popular social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram have a wide audience, but they have a weakness in that they are public, which leads to criticism and vilification. In contrast, Tumblr encourages users with similar interests to connect without interference from other parties. Another strength is that Tumblr allows for anonymity and creative freedom.

Tumblr began in 2007 and was the first social media site to shelter underrepresented communities such as LGBTQIA+ groups, feminists, and people of color (Keller 2019). In return, the platform afforded them anonymity, hashtagging, and reduced surveillance, creating a comfortable space where users could criticize political and social criticism. More recently, Tumblr has become a haven for feminist movements, reintroducing body positivity to #bodypositivity by allowing users to reclaim their bodies from social stigma (Griffin et al., 2022).

Tumblr also stands out when it comes to the creativity it offers, how users innovate the site and language to fit their expressive lifestyles (Keller 2019). The ability to reshare and create GIFs has allowed ideas to flow more naturally, creating aesthetic and activist communities and personalizing accounts. While some younger users have left Tumblr following the 2018 NSFW ban, its core user base remains extremely strong, providing a space that is well protected from economic and political pressures within smaller communities (Bruns & Highfield, 2023).

Tumblr will continue to evolve, and the platform will remain an important “public space” for underrepresented people and enable them to discuss social and political issues.

References

Bruns, A., & Highfield, T. (2015). Is Habermas on Twitter? The Routledge Companion to Social Media and Politics, 56–73. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716299-5

Griffin, M., Bailey, K. A., & Lopez, K. J. (2022). #BodyPositive? A critical exploration of the body positive movement within physical cultures taking an intersectionality approach. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4(908580). https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.908580

Keller, J. (2019). “Oh, She’s a Tumblr Feminist”: Exploring the Platform Vernacular of Girls’ Social Media Feminisms. Social Media + Society, 5(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119867442

Kruse, L. M., Norris, D. R., & Flinchum, J. R. (2017). Social Media as a Public Sphere? Politics on Social Media. The Sociological Quarterly, 59(1), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2017.1383143

[wengdotlam]

Week 10 Gaming Communities, Social Gaming, and Live Streaming

Welcome back to Lam's Blog

According to Aarseth (2001) reflected, "If we consider 1969 as the birth year of the internet, then the history of the world's first video game predates that of the internet. Why hasn't anyone thought of studying games?" From here, game studies started to develop, looking at the value of games from perspectives like sociology, aesthetics, and design. For communication scholars, including relationships in game studies is a valuable idea.

Aarseth (2001) noticed social interactions in leisure activities. For example, studies found that online activities can help form friendships and provide social support, which can include learning, help, and social recognition. In video games, research has focused on how cooperation in games improves friendships, offers online social support, and builds social capital. The interest in social capital is significant because researchers hope games can provide a social space to make up for the decline of public spaces in the real world.

According to "Top Social Media for Gamers: A Complete Guide for 2024" (Singh 2023), the gaming industry is growing year by year, with almost half of the global population being gamers, approximately 3.09 billion active video gamers worldwide. So what's the thing that keeps gamers active?

 Let's pause to think about it...

Connections... 

The connection between communities like Gaming Communities, Social Gaming, and Live Streaming has become a massive part of gamers' lives, creating connections, communication with others, online friends, and even careers.

Gaming communities are groups of people who share an interest in a particular game or type of game. They often interact online, discuss games, share tips, and sometimes organize events or competitions on platforms such as Discord, Reddit, and Steam. Gaming communities help gamers by providing a positive game environment and a sense of belonging and support. One of the great communities is The Hive, which currently has 151,918 members. This community is one of the largest Minecraft servers with a Discord community. Players always share creations, exchange things, create events, and find more friends in the community. According to Keogh (2021, pp. 209–222), local game development scenes, like the indie game scene in Melbourne, thrive because of strong community support and collaboration. This community aspect encourages creativity, innovation, and the sharing of resources, which is crucial for both developers and gamers. 

Now, let's talk about social gaming. This concept revolves around playing games with others, whether they're friends, family, or strangers. Social gaming ties relationships closer between gamers and brings people together. It breaks down barriers and makes it easy to bond over shared goals and challenges. I remember countless nights spent playing "Overcooked" with friends, laughing hard and complaining to each other until we hit the goals of the mission. "Overcooked" is a really fun and trending game online. I highly recommend you play it with your friends, family, or game partners. You'll find that ‘cooperating’ with teammates in games can be challenging but more enjoyable than frustrating. 😂

Furthermore, game streaming has seen explosive growth, with Twitch leading the charge, boasting over 7.25 million active streamers in 2023 and accounting for 76% of all streamed gaming content. In 2022, viewers watched 22.4 billion hours of live streams on Twitch. YouTube Gaming also saw significant activity with 490,000 unique channels. According to "Top 20 Game Streaming Platforms and Sites (2024)" (Capermint, T 2024), the reason why live streaming is gaining popularity is that it allows gamers to broadcast their gameplay to a global audience in real-time. A game streamer can earn between $50 to $200 monthly with an average of 5 to 10 viewers, and $100,000 to $200,000+ with 50,000+ viewers. Many pro-gamers choose to become full-time gamers, but for me, it's more fun just watching someone play a game (I won't admit I'm bad at playing video games).

Viewers can chat with the streamer, be influenced to play the same game, or interact in other ways. It's a two-way street that traditional media can't offer. Personally, I love watching "Mobile Legends: Bang Bang" live streams (Mobile legends: Bang Bang n.d.), because I want to learn more pro skills, improve myself, and cheer for my favorite team. Furthermore, live streaming has given rise to new careers. Streamers can make a living from their passion, supported by gifting, donations, subscriptions, and sponsorships. This shift has democratized entertainment, allowing anyone with a computer and an internet connection to potentially become a star.

Overall, Twitch is a game streaming platform worth trying. If you are also a gaming enthusiast, why not come to Twitch and experience its charm for yourself? For me, gaming communities, social gaming, and live streaming have allowed us to connect well with global friends. I hope you share your gaming experience and explore more in these fun digital spaces. Just take the digital world as your playground, meet new friends, play around, and stay happy!

By the way, I need game partners who can help me achieve victory. Comment down below if you'd like to play with me *heart*.

References

Capermint, T 2024, Top 20 game streaming platforms and sites (2024), Capermint viewed 7 June 2024, <https://www.capermint.com/blog/top-game-streaming-platforms/>

Keogh, B 2021, 'The Melbourne indie game scenes: value regimes in localized game development' , In Independent Video Games, Routledge.

Mobile legends: Bang Bang n.d.,Twitch, viewed 7 June 2024, <https://www.twitch.tv/directory/category/mobile-legends-bang-bang>

Singh, C 2023, Mastering Social Media for Gamers: The Ultimate Guide for Game Makers, SocialPilot, viewed 7 June 2024, <https://www.socialpilot.co/blog/social-media-for-gamers.>

Mobile legends: Bang Bang n.d.,Twitch, viewed 7 June 2024, <https://www.twitch.tv/directory/category/mobile-legends-bang-bang>

[yhlifestory]

Week 7: Slow Fashion and Influencers

“Buy less. Choose well. Make it last.” -Shelly Xu

"Slow fashion" aims to slow down the crazy pace of fashion by releasing just a few lines each year but it's also sustainable. Meaning it's better for the environment, but it's often expensive, limited in size, and hard to find. It's not as convenient as fast fashion. Lately, more people are paying attention to slow fashion, even calling it a trend. However, slow fashion isn't just a trend; it's becoming something we see as essential. (SeventhQueen and Chomsky, 2023)

During class, my friend started a chat about what we were wearing. When they asked who was wearing 'slow fashion,' only a few of us were. Most of us had clothes from thrift stores, second-hand shops, or local brands. This little conversation showed that slow fashion means different things to different people. Not everyone can afford to buy from slow fashion brands, but many of us are taking steps towards sustainability in our own way.

A study I found looked into how slow fashion affects shoppers. Most people in the study thought sustainable clothes cost more than regular ones. It was interesting that only one person said the higher price meant better quality. The study found that people are pretty price-sensitive and don't want to spend extra to be eco-friendly. This made me think that a lot of folks see sustainable fashion as a pricey luxury that might not even be better quality. (Domingos, Vale and Faria, 2022)

While doing some research, I also found that a lot of people are still confused about what sustainable fashion really is. To clear this up, we need to explain it better so everyone can understand. This is where social media influencers come in—they're helping to spread the word and make slow and sustainable fashion more popular.

Kittieyiyi, also known as Lim Zi Yee, is a Malaysian slow fashion influencer known for her unique style. (not gonna lie, I love her style so much, it's giving me positive vibes) She's big on promoting sustainable fashion, encouraging people to buy locally and reduce waste. She teams up with brands that share her eco-friendly values, showing off their stuff and urging her followers to make greener choices. With her colorful outfits, she proves that being eco-conscious can still be fun and trendy. She's all about making sustainability cool and doable for everyone, which is why she's a favorite among those wanting to make a difference online. (Lifestyle Asia Kuala Lumpur, 2022)

We're pretty lucky these days with the internet and all. Everything is at our fingertips. You can shop for a whole new wardrobe without even leaving your couch. It's fast and easy, and there are so many deals to be found. With all this convenience, it's no wonder that sustainable fashion is becoming more popular. I'll admit, I wasn't really into it at first. However as I started researching and writing about it, I discovered a whole world of influencers and social media accounts dedicated to sustainable fashion. They've really opened my eyes to the importance of living a more eco-friendly lifestyle.

References :

Domingos, M., Vale, V.T. and Faria, S. 2022. Slow Fashion Consumer Behavior: a Literature Review. Sustainability, [online] 14(5), p.2860. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052860.

Lifestyle Asia Kuala Lumpur. 2022. LSA100: Rule Breaker Kittie Yiyi explores the whimsy in life through fashion and beauty. [online] https://www.lifestyleasia.com/kl/digital-cover/lsa100-rule-breaker-kittie-yiyi/.

SeventhQueen and Chomsky, R. 2023. What is Slow Fashion? A Guide to Sustainable Style. [online] Sustainable Review. https://sustainablereview.com/what-is-slow-fashion-a-guide-to-sustainable-style/.

[kngshuen]

Is Social Media Useful in Spreading Information on COVID-19 in Malaysia?

In the current digital era, social media has become an integral part of our lives, connecting us to our family, friends, and the world. In addition to sharing photos, social media has played a significant role in disseminating information about crucial issues, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Let's explore how social media helps spread virus-related information and its impact on digital communities.

The Power of Social Media for COVID-19 Information

1. Rapid Dissemination of Information

During the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, the increased social media activity in Malaysia played a crucial role. Malaysians were well-connected digitally, as they spent an average of 2 hours and 47 minutes daily on social media, surpassing the global average by a significant margin. This participation was primarily motivated by the need to obtain information (76.2%) and keep up with news and events (65.8%). Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp were the primary sources for vital updates, news, and recommendations. This ongoing flow of information helps increase the awareness and preparedness of the digital community (Howe, 2023).

2. Real-time Updates

The Malaysian government provided up-to-date COVID-19 information via e-government and social media. They relied on channels such as the Ministry of Health's Official Portal, specialised Facebook pages (such as CRPC and KKM), and the CPRC KKM channel on Telegram. The Director-General of Health's daily press briefings are not only broadcast live on television but also live online via Facebook. In April 2020, they released the MySejahtera mobile app to assist users in monitoring their health and reporting check-in locations, allowing for prompt responses to control the spread of the virus (Dawi et al., 2021).

3. Community Support

During these difficult times, social media has been essential in helping Malaysians feel more connected to one another, with many Facebook groups and online communities offering information and support. For example, neighbours used platforms such as Nextdoor to offer assistance to those in need, and digital communities united in unprecedented ways to share resources and aid one another (FMT Media Sdn Bhd, 2020). Moreover,  #benderaputih groups were formed on Facebook to share addresses for assistance and information on local food banks, with Malaysians in need flying white flags outside their residences to indicate distress. The digital community, including neighbours, personalities, and businesses, responded by donating food and other necessities, demonstrating the power of social media to bring communities together in times of crisis (BBC News, 2021).

4. Countering Misinformation

By actively utilizing social media, the Malaysian Ministry of Health (KKM) has taken significant measures to combat COVID-19 misinformation. Through their official social media channels, KKM provides accurate and up-to-date information, dispels misconceptions, and addresses concerns, ensuring that the public receives trustworthy information and is better equipped to make informed decisions during the pandemic. In addition, KKM has released information about the repercussions of disseminating false information. This proactive approach not only helps counter Misinformation but also fosters a sense of trust in official sources, which is crucial during a public health crisis (Euronews, 2020).

The Dark Side of Social Media in COVID-19 Information Spread

1. Misinformation and Rumors

In Malaysia, as in many other countries, social media has served as a breeding ground for Misinformation and rumors about COVID-19. Facebook and WhatsApp have been used to spread false information about the virus's origins, prevention, and treatment options. This has led to public confusion and, in some cases, hazardous behavior, such as disregarding medical advice. False information can undermine the efforts of health authorities and exacerbate the pandemic's effects, causing unnecessary alarm (Balakrishnan et al., 2021).

2. Amplification of Fear

Despite its many advantages, social media can be a double-edged instrument, particularly during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. One of its negative characteristics is its potential to amplify fear and anxiety. Sensationalized headlines and the dissemination of misleading images can elicit strong emotions, resulting in increased stress and negative effects on mental health. The internet has been rife with misleading information about the virus, including conspiracy theories and misleading statistics. There have been instances where images fraudulently purporting to depict the coronavirus under a microscope have caused panic and confusion. Such false information can be extensively disseminated on social media platforms like Facebook, inciting panic and undermining accurate comprehension (Euronews, 2020).

Conclusion

In conclusion, social media has proven to be a powerful tool in spreading information about COVID-19 in Malaysia. During the pandemic, it rapidly disseminated vital information and connected people, nurturing community and support. The government's use of social media channels contributed to disseminating timely information to the public. However, this has a negative aspect: disseminating false information and terror. Misinformation and sensationalized content have led to public perplexity and hysteria. To maximize the benefits of social media, we must use it responsibly and ensure that accurate information prevails, particularly during the pandemic. Connecting and informing us, social media can be a force for good, but it is up to each of us to ensure that it serves our best interests.

What's your opinion on the role of social media in spreading COVID-19 information in Malaysia? Share your thoughts and vote below.

Reference list

Balakrishnan, V., Ng, K. S., & Rahim, H. A. (2021). To share or not to share – The underlying motives of sharing fake news amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Technology in Society, 66, 101676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101676

BBC News. (2021). Malaysians in Covid lockdown fly white flags to ask for help. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57717214

Dawi, N. M., Namazi, H., Hwang, H. J., Ismail, S., Marešová, P., & Krejcar, O. (2021). Attitude toward protective behavior engagement during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia: the role of e-government and social media. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.609716

Euronews. (2020, January 30). Coronavirus: Malaysia arrests five for spreading misinformation online | #TheCube. Euronews. https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2020/01/29/coronavirus-malaysia-arrests-five-for-spreading-misinformation-online-thecube

FMT Media Sdn Bhd. (2020). Nextdoor: Free network connecting neighbours in quarantine. Freemalaysiatoday. https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/leisure/2020/03/29/nextdoor-free-network-connecting-neighbours-in-quarantine/

Howe, S. (2023). Social Media statistics for Malaysia [Updated 2023]. Meltwater. https://www.meltwater.com/en/blog/social-media-statistics-malaysia

[cant-even-function]

Tumblr's Paradox: Freedom at the Crossroads of Openness and Responsibility

Social media is like a miniature society within the screen, with each platform offering different experiences. Among them, Tumblr stands out as a vibrant digital community where users immerse themselves in a diverse array of content and interactions.

The Allure:

What sets Tumblr apart from its counterparts is its unique approach to creating and consuming content. The platform's "mini blog" structure provides users with a framework to express themselves succinctly yet profoundly (Reeve 2016). Whether through short texts, captivating images, mesmerizing videos, or soul-stirring music, Tumblr offers a pathway for individuals to articulate their thoughts, emotions, and artistic endeavors in a visually compelling manner.

Moreover, Tumblr's interface is designed with a focus on user interaction, fostering engagement and connectivity among its diverse user base. The platform's reblogging feature allows users to share content seamlessly, expanding its reach and igniting conversations across various communities and interest groups. Through likes, comments, and blog reblogs, users establish connections, exchange ideas, and form virtual communities centered around shared interests, beliefs, and passions.

Tumblr values individuality and celebrates diversity. Users can customize the layout, theme, and content of their personal pages flexibly, creating a space of "personalization." This inclusive and accepting characteristic nurtures a sense of familiarity and empowers users, transcending geographical boundaries and cultural differences. This is why, despite the presence of giants like Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat, Tumblr remains a favorite platform for many people.

Will the open door that welcomed so many, now leave Tumblr exposed to the storm?

Openness

Tumblr allows users to explore their identities and interests without rigid rules, fostering appropriate communities and diverse voices. With minimal content moderation, users can delve into complex topics without fear of censorship, sparking unfiltered dialogues. This is something that other platforms rarely do. For example, on TikTok, content moderation is stringent; videos containing suggestive images or sharp objects are immediately removed. However, on Tumblr, sharing "nudity" images often remains uncensored and is even easier to find when searching through hashtags.

The shadow of openness:

Because of Tumblr's excessive "openness," it has led to some negative aspects. Like June said, Tumblr is a mishmash of thematic blogs revolving around every topic imaginable (2014). The feature of anonymity coupled with Tumblr's limited moderation has led to the emergence of inappropriate content, making some people feel violated and unsafe when using this platform. Moreover, there is a risk to security and privacy when users may lose control over their personal information when shared widely. The loose content control policies on Tumblr can lead to the spread of misinformation, rumors, and even fake news. This lack of control can affect the platform's credibility and create an unsafe environment for users.

#NSFW

In 2018, Tumblr issued a complete ban on Not Safe For Work (NSFW) content to restrict the posting of inappropriate images and animations. However, this transition process faced many challenges and criticisms. The lack of robust datasets due to Tumblr's previous lenient stance on adult content contributed to erroneous automated decisions and lack of transparency, leading to the removal of diverse content due to mistakes. Transforming Tumblr into a safer space is associated with sacrificing group cultural activities, raising concerns about losing the positivity of the "old Tumblr" and disrupting the community. Automatic filters hiding NSFW content sparked intense reactions due to misclassification and unaffected adult entertainment programs. The shift from user-controlled self-assessment to machine learning algorithms was criticized for gender bias and functional disorders. Algorithm errors, such as flagging LGBTQ+ content as adult content, disappointed users, mocking the system's inefficiency. Tumblr's poorly trained algorithm increased concerns about Verizon's indifference, fueling online resistance with criticisms focused on "nipple" as a symbol of rebellion.

The question remains: where is the line between openness and responsibility?

Reference lists:

Reeve, E. 2016 'The Secret Lives of Tumblr Teens'

Jacomy M, Venturini T, Heymann S, et al. (2014) ForceAtlas2, a continuous graph layout algorithm for handy network visualization designed for the Gephi software. PLoS One 9(6): 1–12. 

Power, JL 2014, “Tumblr,” Journal of access services, vol. 11, no. 2, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 91–96.Pilipets, E., & Paasonen, S. (2022). 'Nipples, memes, and algorithmic failure: NSFW critique of Tumblr censorship'.

[fansplaining]

I'm currently an undergrad at UCSB doing an autoethnography on fandom and my solitary consumption of it. I just listened to your guys' episode 8 and was hopeing to get some more information. A big question I still have is can you be in a fandom with out producing and interacting with others as long as you consume the content that fans create.

Hi onionhairs! Elizabeth here. So the first thing I'd recommend is probably checking out more episodes—that was a very early conversation (we are now on episode 193!) and definitely one we've been building on a lot throughout the past seven years.

But tl;dr what I would say is 1) "being in fandom" is about self-definition (if you say you're in fandom, you are, regardless of what you "do" as a fan and 2) discussing what "counts" as fandom is contextual, and it's very important to define that context.

If you're talking about "participatory fandom," for example, a lurker who doesn't engage with other fans in any way might not "count." Scholars and industry researchers often look at participatory fandom because those are the fans they can see—they can't write a paper or report on the thoughts or feelings of lurkers, because how would they know what they are? Deeper into the industry side, someone might define "fan" as a person who spends money on a ticket to a thing: it doesn't matter if lots of other people think of themselves as fans, because your only metric is a fan's monetary value. (This is reductive, but as the saying has historically gone in Hollywood, it's all about "butts in seats.")

Speaking as a person who lurked in fandom for about 15 years, I think you're well-positioned to write about these paradoxes, and about feeling like you're part of a community even though it's totally one-sided—you really feel like you're in the room, but nobody knows you're there. Or at least that's how I always felt! It's a hard thing to talk about with folks who've never lurked—especially because the "participatory fandom is the only fandom that counts" argument can be delivered very loudly—and harder still to find other lurkers to relate to, since they are usually still lurking.

The classic internet community ratio is 90-9-1: 1% creators, 9% commenters, 90% lurkers. Anyone who creates fanworks can see this imbalance in their stats. The idea that "fandom" is only the people in that 10% has never been true, at least as long as fandom has been conducted in digital spaces where people could lurk. And I think the answer to the "can you still be in fandom if [x]" question is always "yes"—the real question here is what does it mean to be "in" a community when you aren't communicating with anyone else?

[ngoclnm]

[WEEK 3] Unveiling the Digital Feminist Playground: How Tumblr's Vibe Compares to Twitter and Facebook

Remember when MySpace was the OG place to blast embarrassing angsty music and upload blurry webcam pics? Ah, simpler times. Now, teens (both actual and honorary) are slaying the social media game across multiple platforms, each with its unique vibe and "rules of engagement." Today, let's dive into the fascinating world of Tumblr, a digital haven for all things creative, weird, and wonderfully niche. But how does it stack up against Twitter and Facebook? Buckle up, internet explorers, because it's time to unpack some platform vernacular!

First up, Twitter: Imagine a high-pressure debate club where everyone has 280 characters to drop their hottest takes (Keller 2019). That's Twitter, a platform for news, memes, and lightning-fast arguments. Want to spark a feminist hashtag movement? Twitter's your jam. Remember how the #MeToo movement gained widespread attention and support on Twitter with the hashtag being used more than 19 million times on an average of 55,319 uses per day, with survivors and activists using the platform to share their stories and advocate for change (Toor & Anderson 2018)? That’s how it works. Just keep in mind, that brevity is key, and don't get caught in the comment section crossfire.

Next, we have Facebook: the OG social network, now the chill family picnic where everyone from your grandma to your third cousin shares everything from baby announcements to political rants. It's a platform for staying connected with loved ones, sharing life updates, and joining groups with like-minded folks. However, Facebook is like an open house where your connections (or ‘friends’) are freely invited, including parents, siblings, other relatives, and school peers, who are people with whom you have social connections outside of the platform. Indeed, this is a key part of Facebook’s platform vernacular; anonymity is designed out of Facebook, and one is required to present an “authentic self” via a “real” first and last name when creating a Facebook profile (Bivens 2015). Thus, for the most part, teens were selective in what they chose to post on Facebook, carefully considering their “imagined audience” (Marwick & boyd 2011) and the types of reactions they’d receive from their “friends.”

So, where does Tumblr fit in? Imagine a vibrant marketplace where artists, writers, and meme lords showcase their passions, share fandoms, and build communities around shared interests. Think GIFs galore, long-form blog posts, and niche groups for everything from obscure historical fiction to cat cosplay. Tumblr's strength lies in its anonymity and freedom of expression (Collins 2022). It's a haven for anyone who wants to be weird, creative, and unapologetically themselves without the curated pressure of Insta or the algorithm-fueled firestorm of Twitter.

Here's a handy infographic to break it down:

But what about the feminist factor you ask? All platforms have their strengths and limitations. Twitter's speed and reach make it ideal for amplifying social justice movements. Facebook groups foster community and offer valuable resources for feminist activism. However, Tumblr's unique blend of anonymity, creative freedom, and long-form writing allows for deeper exploration of feminist issues, fostering discussion and building supportive communities around shared experiences.

Ultimately, the best platform for you depends on your personality and goals. Want to spark a discussion about gender equality? Hit Twitter. Want to share your art and connect with fellow feminists? Tumblr's your friend. Just remember, every platform has its quirks and challenges. Be mindful of the platform vernacular, navigate respectfully, and stay true to your voice. Don't be afraid to be a digital nomad, hopping between platforms to explore different communities and express yourself in diverse ways. After all, the internet is your oyster, and your feminist voice deserves to be heard loud and proud, no matter where you choose to share it!

Remember, the key is to be:

Savvy: Understand the strengths and limitations of each platform.

Strategic: Choose the platform that best suits your goals and needs.

Respectful: Navigate each community with a kind and inclusive mindset.

Confident: Don't be afraid to express your voice and engage with others.

References

Bivens, R 2015, ‘The gender binary will not be deprogrammed: Ten years of coding gender on Facebook’, New Media & Society, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 880–898.

Collins, L 2022, ‘How Tumblr went from a $1 billion Yahoo payday to a $3 million fire sale’, CNBC, viewed <https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/15/how-tumblr-went-from-1-billion-yahoo-payday-to-3-million-fire-sale.html>.

Keller, J 2019, ‘“Oh, She’s a Tumblr Feminist”: Exploring the Platform Vernacular of Girls’ Social Media Feminisms’, Social Media + Society, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1–11.

Marwick, AE & Boyd, D 2011, ‘I Tweet honestly, I Tweet passionately: Twitter users, Context collapse, and the Imagined Audience’, New Media & Society, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 114–133, viewed <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444810365313>.

Toor, S & Anderson, M 2018, ‘How Social Media Users Have Discussed Sexual Harassment since #MeToo Went Viral’, Pew Research Center, viewed <https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2018/10/11/how-social-media-users-have-discussed-sexual-harassment-since-metoo-went-viral/>.

[thuyduongiuoi]

Week 4: Digital Community and Fandom: Reality TV Case Study

The convergence of traditional and modern media has led to the emergence of a new form of media different from traditional methods. Studies on viewing habits showed that 54% of viewers in the UK watch audiovisual content on a laptop, 49% on a tablet, and 39% on a mobile phone at least once a week (Sørensen 2015, p. 382).

It is possible to develop definitions that approach Reality Television as a distinct study area with its characteristics. Developing these definitions is by examining the terms 'real' and 'life': the genre invites viewers to witness the everyday, domestic, and behind-the-scenes aspects of ordinary individuals' lives. The audience is promised a glimpse into the lives of "real" people (Alsultany 2016, p. 3), and the shows are not typically scripted, are cheaper to produce, and feature "real" people instead of celebrities. 

The 'REAL' Show

In the analysis of Here Comes Honey Boo Boo, the reality program began as a spinoff of TLC's Toddlers and Tiaras which offers a portrayal of people going about their normal lives, with storylines ranging from everyday activities like grocery shopping to unique, remarkable, or bizarre social rituals specific to a particular geographic region or socioeconomic class. However, the constructed panorama must also appeal to commercial television audiences, representing a fusion of popular entertainment with a self-conscious claim to portraying reality (Murray & Oullette 2009, p. 3). This self-awareness highlights the constructed nature of even the most seemingly "observational" Reality Television show, suggesting that perhaps the genre's most fundamental goal is to somehow prevent viewers from critically examining the underlying nature of what they are watching. Conclusively, this highlights that key terms serve an overarching purpose in Reality Television to provide enjoyable voyeurism by allowing viewers to follow an individual's lived experience. When Here Comes Honey Boo Boo premiered in 2012 it was a ratings smash, garnering itself an audience of 2.2 million people and a 1.6 share among 18-49 year-olds, according to The Hollywood Reporter. 

Reality TV is a perfect fit for humor as a genre. Social media is a hub for fans to perform for likes and shares, with popular reality franchises like Drag Race and Love Island having multiple fan accounts dedicated to sharing jokes and memes about the shows. Humor is a key component of certain reality brands' social media presence, with both the creation and circulation of jokes and memes being a common practice (Deller 2019). 

The reality series "Here Comes Honey Boo Boo" follows the life of Alana 'Honey Boo Boo' Thompson, a child beauty pageant participant, and her unique family. Johnny Depp has confessed to being a fan of the show, showing both intrigue and a hint of apprehension, stating, "I'm a little frightened of the show. That's the thing They're probably great people, but there are bits that happen that just I am mesmerized by." Here Comes Honey Boo Boo has amassed many celebrity fans, including Rosie O'Donnell and 'We Can't Stop' singer Miley Cyrus (Harp 2013). In October 2014, the reality TV world was rocked when TMZ.com released a photo of June "Mama June" Shannon in a hotel room with a man named Mark McDaniel, who had just been released from prison after serving ten years for molesting an eight-year-old child. To make matters worse, TMZ also reported that the child was someone Shannon had been in contact with. In response, TLC expressed serious concern and stated that they would be reevaluating the future of the show. The following day, TLC made the decision to cancel Here Comes Honey Boo Boo, emphasizing their commitment to the well-being of the children involved (Meltzer 2023). This caused a stir among both fans of the show and those who were not fond of it, basically, as the TV show was found to be sheltering a criminal. 

To conclude, Reality TV Shows are not about reality, they involve real humans and scenarios.

Reference:

Alsultany, E 2015, “The Cultural Politics of Islam in U.S. Reality Television,” Communication, Culture & Critique, vol. 9, no. 4, Oxford University Press (OUP), pp. 595–613, accessed &lt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cccr.12121>.

Deller, Ruth A, 2019, Extract: 'Chapter Six: Reality Television in an Age of Social Media' Download 'Chapter Six: Reality Television in an Age of Social Media'in Reality Television: The TV Phenomenon That Changed the World (Emerald Publishing).  

Harp, J 2013, “Johnny Depp: ‘I’m a Honey Boo Boo fan, but she scares me,’” Digital Spy, accessed &lt;https://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/a495764/johnny-depp-im-a-honey-boo-boo-fan-but-she-scares-me/>.

Meltzer, M 2023, “The Real Reason Here Comes Honey Boo Boo Was Cancelled,” The List, accessed <https://www.thelist.com/285217/the-real-reason-here-comes-honey-boo-boo-was-cancelled/>.

Murray, S 2009, I Think We Need A New Name For It: The Meeting of Documentary and Reality TV. In S. Murray, & L. Ouellette (Eds.), 2nd ed, New York: New York University Press.

Sørensen, IE 2015, “The revival of live TV: liveness in a multiplatform context,” Media, Culture & Society, vol. 38, no. 3, SAGE Publications, pp. 381–399, accessed &lt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443715608260>.

The Hollywood Reporter 2012, “TLC’s ‘Honey Boo Boo’ Scores Winning Ratings With Series Premiere,” The Hollywood Reporter, accessed January 31, 2024, &lt;https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/honey-boo-boo-tlc-ratings-360966/>.

[naomicindy]

'Social Media Activism: Connecting or Dividing Us?'

By: naomicindy

Have you ever been scrolling through Instagram or X and stumbled upon a post that makes you stop and think? Maybe it’s a hashtag campaign, a call to action, or even a simple story about someone standing up for what they believe in. Social media has totally redefined how we talk about the things that matter, turning everyday users like us into activists—sometimes without even realizing it. Platforms like Instagram, X, and TikTok have become the go-to places for activism and protest, whether it’s amplifying global movements or sparking heated debates about politics (Kaphle, 2023). But as exciting as this all sounds, there’s a lot more to social media activism than just sharing posts. From its power to connect people worldwide to the struggles with misinformation and online debates that will affect the real world, there’s a deeper story to explore.

First, let’s talk about why social media is such a big deal for activism. It’s not just about going viral (although, let’s be real, that helps). It’s about giving everyone a voice, no matter who they are or where they’re from. These platforms are basically megaphones for our generation—they take an idea from one person and turn it into a global conversation. Remember the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge back in 2014? It was literally everywhere. You couldn’t open Facebook without seeing someone pour ice water over their head, calling out their friends to do the same. The idea was simple: raise awareness and money for ALS research, and it worked—big time. In just six weeks, the challenge raised $115 million and helped fund research breakthroughs for ALS treatment.

But let’s bring it closer to home. Recently, I’ve been scrolling through posts from Malaysian news outlets like NST and The Star Online, and wow, the comment sections are a goldmine of public opinion—good and bad. NST’s posts about McDonald’s filing a defamation lawsuit against the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement. For context, BDS is a global campaign pushing for economic and political pressure on Israel to address Palestinian rights. The comment section here was anything but chill. One commenter brought up religious concerns, while another pointed out the impact of McDonald’s on local jobs. The conversation quickly shifted to how boycotts could hurt Malaysians working at these companies, especially those supporting families. In another post, NST reported on the Malaysian public’s general stance on boycotts. Again, the comment section was a war zone. Some people felt strongly about their faith providing all they need, while others argued for a more humanitarian approach, focusing on the real-world consequences for everyday Malaysians. Social media makes activism accessible. You don’t need to be a politician or a celebrity to make a difference. You can post a TikTok, join a Twitter thread, or even just hit “share” on a post that resonates with you. Suddenly, your voice is part of a much larger movement.

Social media activism is a double-edged sword (Nat, 2024). It connects people, raises awareness, and even drives real-world change—like the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge or global climate strikes. But it also has the potential to divide us, as seen in the boycotts and humanitarian debates in Malaysia. This is where digital citizenship comes in. It’s not enough to just post about a cause or share a hashtag—you’ve got to know what you’re supporting and why (Grossel, 2020). That means fact-checking before you hit “share” and thinking critically about the content you see.

So, how can we make sure we’re using social media in a way that actually helps? Here are a few things I’ve learned (How to use social media in positive way 2023):

Educate Yourself First Before jumping on a trend, take the time to research. Why does this issue matter? Who does it affect? The more you know, the more impactful your activism will be.

Engage, Don’t Just Share Comment, start a discussion, or even create your own content. Social media is a two-way street, and the more you engage, the more you’ll learn (and teach others).

Be Open to Different Views It’s easy to stay in our little bubbles online, but stepping out of them can help us understand the bigger picture. Listen to people with different perspectives—it’s uncomfortable but necessary.

Support Offline Actions Social media is a great starting point, but real change often happens offline. Whether it’s donating, volunteering, or attending events, take your activism beyond the screen.

At the end of the day, social media is just a tool—it’s how we use it that matters. We can let it divide us, or we can use it to bring people together and spark meaningful change. So, what do you think? Is social media activism bringing us closer or driving us further apart? Let’s talk about it in the comments!

Grossel, S. (2020, October 6). Your guide to being a good digital citizen. Temple Now | news.temple.edu. https://news.temple.edu/nutshell/2020-10-06/digital-citizenship-0  How to use social media in positive way. Go to Ulster University. (2023, April 14). https://qa.ulster.ac.uk/blog/how-to-use-social-media-in-positive-way/  Kaphle, A. (2023, October 23). The politic. The Politic. https://thepolitic.org/article/social-media-for-social-change-how-activism-is-impacted-by-instagram-twitter-and-tiktok  Nat, B. (2024, March 15). Social Media & Activism: The double-edged sword. Algonquin College Social Media Certificate Program. https://algonquincollegesocialmedia.wordpress.com/2024/03/14/social-media-activism-the-double-edged-sword/