#Diagnostic reagent filling machine

[mixer-filler]

#Covid-19 diagnostic reagent filling capping machine

[system76]

Jackal Pro 2U at the Lab: An Interview with the Institute for Protein Innovation

Located within the Harvard Institutes of Medicine in Boston, the Institute for Protein Innovation is a non-profit that works in designing protein structures to be used in treatment of diseases like COVID-19. This week, we sat down with Chris Bahl (Head of Protein Design) and Trisha Gura (Director of Communications) to see how System76 has improved their lab experience.

To learn more about IPI, you can read about their initiatives on their website.

Tell us about the Institute for Protein Innovation.

Trisha: IPI is focused on innovating in the protein sciences, accelerating research by providing scientists with tools and reagents, and improving human health. It’s a non-profit and not a business or academic institution, so it puts us in a very unique position. Borrowing the best of both, we can take on those projects that no one else can.

Chris’ team is focused on the cutting edge of academic discovery. It fills in the gap between genes and disease treatments. Most protein engineering is accomplished by clever lab techniques that can speed up what evolution naturally does—but in a test tube. This enables scientists to repurpose natural proteins to do new things. Chris’ group skips the evolution part and designs their proteins using computer software. This is where those System76 machines come into play. By starting with computational design, the team can engineer proteins in ways that would otherwise be impossible, and it is focused on creating disease treatments and diagnostics.

How did you hear about System76?

Chris: We previously bought a Gazelle from you guys. It worked so beautifully right out of the box that when we were figuring out who to build the servers, System76 was the first place we thought of.

Why did you end up going with the Jackal Pro 2U?

Chris: With the Jackal servers, we’ve built a small cluster that we use to design protein macromolecular structures.

When you think about it, proteins are like nanorobots. A protein’s function is dictated by its structure. We design these proteins from scratch and craft them to have functions that evolution could never produce.

You need a lot of computational horsepower to do these calculations, and a lot of clever sampling. One computer isn’t enough, so we need a cluster. We also write our own software for protein design which requires a native Linux environment to run in.

Our goal was to get the best price per performance on these systems, which is how we arrived at the Jackal Pro 2U. We bought the head node first and got that up and running in a few hours, so we chose that model again for our worker nodes to complete our cluster.

It was super easy to configure everything on the website. We purchased the head node about a month ago, and we bought the worker nodes very recently. They just arrived this week and they are already designing proteins.

What software are you using for this cluster?

Chris: We use Ubuntu for just about everything in our lab.

Where is your research going in the future?

Chris: The most topical thing we’re doing right now is designing mini-proteins that can disarm the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. The mini-proteins work in a similar way as antibodies, but they also have extra chemical bonds that make them super durable. Antibodies require special storage to regulate temperatures, which won’t help in places like the rural parts of India or Sub-Saharan Africa where refrigeration is scarce. So that’s where mini-proteins come into play. They don’t require refrigeration, and they’re also much more cost-effective to the manufacturer than the antibodies.

What we’re doing is designing mini-proteins to mimic a chunk of the human receptor ACE2 that the virus binds to. By mimicking what the human target looks like, we can trick the virus into binding to the treatment—and this makes it virtually impossible for the virus to develop a resistance to the treatment.

While antibodies are great and can also neutralize the virus, they need to be injected into a patient. Mini-proteins can be administered directly to the site of the infection by eating or inhaling them, so they’re potentially a much easier way to treat the virus.

Where antibodies fall short is that they can’t be used for environmental decontamination, but mini-proteins can. So we’re also working on developing mini-proteins to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in the air and on surfaces in another project.

For more background on mini-proteins, check out Chris Bahl’s 2019 TED talk.

[jesse-pinkman123]

Pharmaceutical Packaging Equipment Market Size Share Trends Forecast 2026

The Global Pharmaceutical Packaging Equipment Market, by Product (Primary Packaging Equipment, Secondary Packaging Equipment, and Labeling and Serialization Equipment) by Type (Liquids Packaging Equipment, Solid Packaging Equipment, Semi-Solid Packaging Equipment, and Other Products Packaging Equipment), by End User (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Contract Packaging, Retail Pharmacy, Institutional Pharmacy, and Others), and by Region (North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa) was valued US$ 7.3 Billion in 2018, and is projected to exhibit a CAGR of 8.2% during the forecast period (2018 - 2026) as highlighted in a new report published by.

Pharmaceutical packaging protects products from physical, chemical, and microbiological damage. It is also a medium to present ads and useful details to consumers. In pharmaceutical packaging, customers always prefer efficient packaging that can maintain the quality of the product. Pharmaceutical packaging is very sensitive towards outdoor elements such as light and moisture. For instance, in May 2018, Italy-based IMA Group companies- IMA Life and IMA Active, a companies engaged in design and manufacturing of automatic machines for the processing and packaging of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, tea and coffee–introduced new sales team in India that focuses on sales and services of solid dose, aseptic processing, filling technology, and freeze-drying solutions. During the launch of these equipment, the company dedicated its special focus on marketing of Quantum, a new non-invasive technique capable of performing quantitative real-time process measurements that was applied to freeze drying and to continuous freeze drying process.

* The sample copy includes: Report Summary, Table of Contents, Segmentation, Competitive Landscape, Report Structure, Methodology.

Request a sample copy of this report: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/2799

Browse 26 Market Data Tables and 31 Figures spread through 188 Pages and in-depth TOC on "Pharmaceutical Packaging Equipment Market, by Product (Primary Packaging Equipment, Secondary Packaging Equipment, and Labeling and Serialization Equipment), by Type (Liquids Packaging Equipment, Solid Packaging Equipment, Semi-Solid Packaging Equipment, and Other Products Packaging Equipment), by End User (Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Contract Packaging, Retail Pharmacy, Institutional Pharmacy, and Others), and by Region (North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa) - Global Forecast to 2026"

Furthermore, key players in the pharmaceutical packaging equipment market are focused on introducing innovative equipment, which offer improved accessibility and speed in pharmaceutical packaging processes. For instance, in December 2018, JVM — a subsidiary of Hanmi Pharmaceutical — introduced NS20 — a pharmaceutical packaging machine, which can prevent packaging errors of pharmaceuticals while speeding up the automatic dispensing procedure and can save wrapping paper. NS20 is based on ACRS- III technology, which automatically recognizes the position of a canister containing a drug. The platform automatically stops packaging when it detects the wrong medication during preparation. The NS20 model is suitable for large pharmacies and hospital pharmacies and comes with the latest automatic sensor and communication technology ACRS-III and ATDPS — a conventional automatic medicine classification and packaging system.

Key Takeaways of the Pharmaceutical Packaging Equipment Market:

The global pharmaceutical packaging equipment market is expected to witness a CAGR of 8.2% during the forecast period (2018 – 2026), owing to increasing need for flexible and integrated packaging equipment

Browse Research Report: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/pharmaceutical-packaging-equipment-market-2799

Among product, the primary packaging equipment segment accounted for major market share in 2017. This is mainly attributed to the ease of handling offered by primary pharmaceutical packaging equipment, development of novel forms of drug delivery and biopharmaceuticals, and the increasing norms of and quality criteria. Furthermore, primary packaging performs the central function to protect and preserve products from damage, external hindrance or contamination, spoilage, and chemical imbalances. Primary packaging also helps to store products for long durations and keeps the product completely sealed from the surroundings.

Among type, liquids packaging equipment segment accounted for major market share in 2017. Reagents and kits are integral and inevitable part of pharmaceutical packaging. The demand for reagents and kits is high, owing to their increasing adoption in diagnosis and treatment regime of infectious disease such as HIV diagnostic assay, tuberculosis infection, Zika virus infection, among others. Moreover, high demand for complex formulations, increasing incidences of eye disorders, and development of novel drug delivery systems is expected to boost growth of the segment.      

Among end user, pharmaceutical manufacturing segment held major market share in 2017, and is expected to retain its dominance throughout the forecast period. This is mainly due to the presence of in-house packaging facilities in the manufacturing locations of industry participants. Pharmaceutical manufacturing incurs major demand for packaging equipment due to high end-use consumption of packaging products.  

Some of the major players operating in the global pharmaceutical packaging equipment market include, Robert Bosch GmbH, Industria Macchine Automatiche S.p.A., Marchesini Group S.p.A., Korber AG, MG2 s.r.l., Accutek Packaging Equipment Companies, Inc., Vanguard Pharmaceuticals Machinery, Inc., Romaco Pharmatechnik GmbH, Bausch + Ströbel Maschinenfabrik Ilshofen GmbH+Co. KG, and OPTIMA Packaging Group GmbH

Buy-Now this research report: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/buy-now/2799

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[gordonwilliamsweb]

Covid Testing Has Turned Into a Financial Windfall for Hospitals and Other Providers

Pamela Valfer needed multiple covid tests after repeatedly visiting the hospital last fall to see her mother, who was being treated for cancer. Beds there were filling with covid patients. Valfer heard the tests would be free.

This story also ran on Fortune. It can be republished for free.

So, she was surprised when the testing company billed her insurer $250 for each swab. She feared she might receive a bill herself. And that amount is toward the low end of what some hospitals and doctors have collected.

Hospitals are charging up to $650 for a simple, molecular covid test that costs $50 or less to run, according to Medicare claims analyzed for KHN by Hospital Pricing Specialists (HPS). Charges by large health systems range from $20 to $1,419 per test, a new national survey by KFF shows. And some free-standing emergency rooms are charging more than $1,000 per test.

Authorities were saying “get tested, no one’s going to be charged, and it turns out that’s not true,” said Valfer, a professor of visual arts who lives in Pasadena, California. “Now on the back end it’s being passed onto the consumer” through high charges to insurers, she said. The insurance company passes on its higher costs to consumers in higher premiums.

As the pandemic enters its second year, no procedure has been more frequent than tests for the virus causing it. Gargantuan volume — 400 million tests and counting, for one type — combined with loose rules on prices have made the service a bonanza for hospitals and clinics, new data shows.

Lab companies have been booking record profits by charging $100 per test. Even in-network prices negotiated and paid by insurance companies often run much more than that and, according to one measure, have been rising on average in recent months.

Insurers and other payers “have no bargaining power in this game” because there is no price cap in some situations, said Ge Bai, an associate professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health who has studied test economics. When charges run far beyond the cost of the tests “it’s predatory,” she said. “It’s price gouging.”

The data shows that covid tests continue to generate high charges from hospitals and clinics despite alarms raised by insurers, anecdotal reports of high prices and pushback from state regulators.

The listed charge for a basic PCR covid test at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles is $480. NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital lists $440 as the gross charge as well as the cash price. Those amounts are far above the $159 national average for the diagnostic test, which predominated during the first year of the pandemic, at more than 3,000 hospitals checked by HPS.

<![CDATA[ window.addEventListener('message', function(event) { if (typeof event.data['datawrapper-height'] !== 'undefined') { var iframes = document.querySelectorAll('iframe'); for (var chartId in event.data['datawrapper-height']) { for (var i=0; i

That’s the amount billed to insurance companies, not what patients pay, Cedars spokesperson Cara Martinez said in an email.

“Patients themselves do not face any costs” for the tests, she said. “The amounts we charge [insurers] for medical care are set to cover our operating costs,” capital needs and other items, she said.

Likewise at NewYork-Presbyterian, charges not covered by insurance “are not passed along to patients,” the hospital said.

Many hospitals and labs follow the Medicare reimbursement rate, $100 for results within two days from high-volume tests. But there are outliers. Insurers oftentimes negotiate lower prices within their networks, although not for labs and testing options outside their purview.

Billing by hospitals and clinics from outside insurance company networks can be especially lucrative because the government requires insurers to pay their posted covid-test price with no limit. Regulation for out-of-network vaccine charges, by contrast, is stricter. Charges for vaccines must be “reasonable,” according to federal regulations, with relatively low Medicare prices as a possible guideline.

“There’s a problem with the federal law” on test prices, said Sabrina Corlette, co-director of the Center on Health Insurance Reforms at Georgetown University. “The CARES Act requires insurers to pay the full billed charge to the provider. Unless they’ve negotiated, their hands are tied.”

But even in-network payments can be highly profitable.

Optim Medical Center in Tattnall, Georgia, part of a chain of orthopedic practices and medical centers, collects $308 per covid test from two insurers, its price list shows. Yale New Haven Hospital collects $182 from one insurer and $173 from another.

Yale New Haven’s prices resulted from existing insurer agreements addressing unspecified new procedures such as the covid test, said Patrick McCabe, senior vice president of finance for Yale New Haven Health.

“We didn’t negotiate” specifically on covid tests, he said. “We’re not trying to take advantage of a crisis here.”

Officials from Optim Medical Center did not respond to queries from KHN.

Castlight Health, which provides benefits and health care guidance to more than 60 Fortune 500 companies, analyzed for KHN the costs of 1.1 million covid tests billed to insurers from March 2020 through this February. The analysis found an average charge of $90, with less than 1% of bills passing any cost along to the patient. Since last March, the average cost has gone up from $63 to as high as $97 per test in December before declining to $89 in February, the most recent results available.

In some cases, hospitals and clinics have supplemented revenue from covid tests with extra charges that go far beyond those for a simple swab.

Warren Goldstein was surprised when Austin Emergency Center, in Texas, charged him and his wife $494 upfront for two covid tests. He was shocked when the center billed insurance $1,978 for his test, which he expected would cost $100. His insurer paid $325 for “emergency services” for him, even though there was no emergency.

“It seemed like highway robbery,” said Goldstein, a New York professor who was visiting his daughter and grandchild in Texas at the time.

Austin Emergency Center has been the subject of previous reports of high covid-test prices.

The center provides “high-quality health care emergency services” and “our charges are set at the price that we believe reflects this quality of care,” said Heather Neale, AEC’s chief operating officer. The law requires the center to examine every patient “to determine whether or not an emergency medical condition exists,” she said.

Curative, the lab company that billed $250 for Valfer’s PCR tests, said through a spokesperson that its operating costs are higher than those of other providers and that consumers will never be billed for charges insurance doesn’t cover. Valfer’s insurer paid $125 for each test, claims documents show.

Even at relatively low prices, testing companies are reaping high profits. Covid PCR tests sold for $100 apiece helped Quest Diagnostics increase revenue by 49% in the first quarter of 2021 and quadruple its profits compared with the same period a year ago.

“We are expecting … to still do quite well in terms of reimbursement in the near term,” Quest CFO Mark Guinan said during a recent earnings call.

Hospitals and clinics do pay tens of thousands of dollars upfront when purchasing analyzer machines, plus costs for chemical reagents, swabs and other collection materials, maintenance, and training and compensating staff members. But the more tests completed, the more cost-effective they are, said Marlene Sautter, director of laboratory services at Premier Inc., a group purchasing organization that works with 4,000 U.S. hospitals and health systems.

A World Health Organization cost assessment of running 5,000 covid tests on Roche and Abbott analyzers — not including that initial equipment price, labor or shipping costs — came to $17 and $21 per test, respectively.

Unlike earlier in the pandemic, lab-based PCR tests no longer dominate the market. Cheaper, rapid options can now be purchased online or in stores. In mid-April, some CVS, Walmart and Walgreens stores began selling a two-pack of Abbott Laboratories’ BinaxNOW antigen test for $23.99.

Regulations require insurers to cover covid testing administered or referred by a health care provider at no cost to the patient. But exceptions are made for public health surveillance and work- or school-related testing.

Claire Lemcke, who works for a Flagstaff, Arizona, nonprofit, was tested at a mall in January and received a statement from an out-of-state lab company saying that the price was $737, that it was performed out-of-network and that she would be responsible for paying. She’s working with her insurer, which has already paid $400, to try to get it settled.

Sticker shock from covid tests has gotten bad enough that Medicare set up a hotline for insurance companies to report bad actors, and states across the country are taking action.

Free-standing emergency centers across Texas, like the one Goldstein visited, have charged particularly exorbitant prices, propelling the Texas Association of Health Plans to write a formal complaint in late January. The 19-page letter details how many of these operations violate state disclosure requirements, charge over $1,000 per covid test and add thousands more in facility fees associated with the visit.

These free-standing ERs are “among the worst offenders when it comes to price gouging, egregious billing, and providing unnecessary care and tests,” the letter says.

In December, the Kansas Insurance Department investigated a lab whose cash price was listed at nearly $1,000. State legislatures in both Minnesota and Connecticut have introduced bills to crack down on price gouging since the pandemic began.

"If these astronomical costs charged by unscrupulous providers are borne by the health plans and insurers without recompense, consumers will ultimately pay more for their health care as health insurance costs will rise,” Justin McFarland, Kansas Insurance Department’s general counsel, wrote in a Dec. 16 letter.

KHN (Kaiser Health News) is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues. Together with Policy Analysis and Polling, KHN is one of the three major operating programs at KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation). KFF is an endowed nonprofit organization providing information on health issues to the nation.

USE OUR CONTENT

This story can be republished for free (details).

Covid Testing Has Turned Into a Financial Windfall for Hospitals and Other Providers published first on https://nootropicspowdersupplier.tumblr.com/

[stephenmccull]

Covid Testing Has Turned Into a Financial Windfall for Hospitals and Other Providers

Pamela Valfer needed multiple covid tests after repeatedly visiting the hospital last fall to see her mother, who was being treated for cancer. Beds there were filling with covid patients. Valfer heard the tests would be free.

This story also ran on Fortune. It can be republished for free.

So, she was surprised when the testing company billed her insurer $250 for each swab. She feared she might receive a bill herself. And that amount is toward the low end of what some hospitals and doctors have collected.

Hospitals are charging up to $650 for a simple, molecular covid test that costs $50 or less to run, according to Medicare claims analyzed for KHN by Hospital Pricing Specialists (HPS). Charges by large health systems range from $20 to $1,419 per test, a new national survey by KFF shows. And some free-standing emergency rooms are charging more than $1,000 per test.

Authorities were saying “get tested, no one’s going to be charged, and it turns out that’s not true,” said Valfer, a professor of visual arts who lives in Pasadena, California. “Now on the back end it’s being passed onto the consumer” through high charges to insurers, she said. The insurance company passes on its higher costs to consumers in higher premiums.

As the pandemic enters its second year, no procedure has been more frequent than tests for the virus causing it. Gargantuan volume — 400 million tests and counting, for one type — combined with loose rules on prices have made the service a bonanza for hospitals and clinics, new data shows.

Lab companies have been booking record profits by charging $100 per test. Even in-network prices negotiated and paid by insurance companies often run much more than that and, according to one measure, have been rising on average in recent months.

Insurers and other payers “have no bargaining power in this game” because there is no price cap in some situations, said Ge Bai, an associate professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health who has studied test economics. When charges run far beyond the cost of the tests “it’s predatory,” she said. “It’s price gouging.”

The data shows that covid tests continue to generate high charges from hospitals and clinics despite alarms raised by insurers, anecdotal reports of high prices and pushback from state regulators.

The listed charge for a basic PCR covid test at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles is $480. NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital lists $440 as the gross charge as well as the cash price. Those amounts are far above the $159 national average for the diagnostic test, which predominated during the first year of the pandemic, at more than 3,000 hospitals checked by HPS.

<![CDATA[ window.addEventListener('message', function(event) { if (typeof event.data['datawrapper-height'] !== 'undefined') { var iframes = document.querySelectorAll('iframe'); for (var chartId in event.data['datawrapper-height']) { for (var i=0; i

That’s the amount billed to insurance companies, not what patients pay, Cedars spokesperson Cara Martinez said in an email.

“Patients themselves do not face any costs” for the tests, she said. “The amounts we charge [insurers] for medical care are set to cover our operating costs,” capital needs and other items, she said.

Likewise at NewYork-Presbyterian, charges not covered by insurance “are not passed along to patients,” the hospital said.

Many hospitals and labs follow the Medicare reimbursement rate, $100 for results within two days from high-volume tests. But there are outliers. Insurers oftentimes negotiate lower prices within their networks, although not for labs and testing options outside their purview.

Billing by hospitals and clinics from outside insurance company networks can be especially lucrative because the government requires insurers to pay their posted covid-test price with no limit. Regulation for out-of-network vaccine charges, by contrast, is stricter. Charges for vaccines must be “reasonable,” according to federal regulations, with relatively low Medicare prices as a possible guideline.

“There’s a problem with the federal law” on test prices, said Sabrina Corlette, co-director of the Center on Health Insurance Reforms at Georgetown University. “The CARES Act requires insurers to pay the full billed charge to the provider. Unless they’ve negotiated, their hands are tied.”

But even in-network payments can be highly profitable.

Optim Medical Center in Tattnall, Georgia, part of a chain of orthopedic practices and medical centers, collects $308 per covid test from two insurers, its price list shows. Yale New Haven Hospital collects $182 from one insurer and $173 from another.

Yale New Haven’s prices resulted from existing insurer agreements addressing unspecified new procedures such as the covid test, said Patrick McCabe, senior vice president of finance for Yale New Haven Health.

“We didn’t negotiate” specifically on covid tests, he said. “We’re not trying to take advantage of a crisis here.”

Officials from Optim Medical Center did not respond to queries from KHN.

Castlight Health, which provides benefits and health care guidance to more than 60 Fortune 500 companies, analyzed for KHN the costs of 1.1 million covid tests billed to insurers from March 2020 through this February. The analysis found an average charge of $90, with less than 1% of bills passing any cost along to the patient. Since last March, the average cost has gone up from $63 to as high as $97 per test in December before declining to $89 in February, the most recent results available.

In some cases, hospitals and clinics have supplemented revenue from covid tests with extra charges that go far beyond those for a simple swab.

Warren Goldstein was surprised when Austin Emergency Center, in Texas, charged him and his wife $494 upfront for two covid tests. He was shocked when the center billed insurance $1,978 for his test, which he expected would cost $100. His insurer paid $325 for “emergency services” for him, even though there was no emergency.

“It seemed like highway robbery,” said Goldstein, a New York professor who was visiting his daughter and grandchild in Texas at the time.

Austin Emergency Center has been the subject of previous reports of high covid-test prices.

The center provides “high-quality health care emergency services” and “our charges are set at the price that we believe reflects this quality of care,” said Heather Neale, AEC’s chief operating officer. The law requires the center to examine every patient “to determine whether or not an emergency medical condition exists,” she said.

Curative, the lab company that billed $250 for Valfer’s PCR tests, said through a spokesperson that its operating costs are higher than those of other providers and that consumers will never be billed for charges insurance doesn’t cover. Valfer’s insurer paid $125 for each test, claims documents show.

Even at relatively low prices, testing companies are reaping high profits. Covid PCR tests sold for $100 apiece helped Quest Diagnostics increase revenue by 49% in the first quarter of 2021 and quadruple its profits compared with the same period a year ago.

“We are expecting … to still do quite well in terms of reimbursement in the near term,” Quest CFO Mark Guinan said during a recent earnings call.

Hospitals and clinics do pay tens of thousands of dollars upfront when purchasing analyzer machines, plus costs for chemical reagents, swabs and other collection materials, maintenance, and training and compensating staff members. But the more tests completed, the more cost-effective they are, said Marlene Sautter, director of laboratory services at Premier Inc., a group purchasing organization that works with 4,000 U.S. hospitals and health systems.

A World Health Organization cost assessment of running 5,000 covid tests on Roche and Abbott analyzers — not including that initial equipment price, labor or shipping costs — came to $17 and $21 per test, respectively.

Unlike earlier in the pandemic, lab-based PCR tests no longer dominate the market. Cheaper, rapid options can now be purchased online or in stores. In mid-April, some CVS, Walmart and Walgreens stores began selling a two-pack of Abbott Laboratories’ BinaxNOW antigen test for $23.99.

Regulations require insurers to cover covid testing administered or referred by a health care provider at no cost to the patient. But exceptions are made for public health surveillance and work- or school-related testing.

Claire Lemcke, who works for a Flagstaff, Arizona, nonprofit, was tested at a mall in January and received a statement from an out-of-state lab company saying that the price was $737, that it was performed out-of-network and that she would be responsible for paying. She’s working with her insurer, which has already paid $400, to try to get it settled.

Sticker shock from covid tests has gotten bad enough that Medicare set up a hotline for insurance companies to report bad actors, and states across the country are taking action.

Free-standing emergency centers across Texas, like the one Goldstein visited, have charged particularly exorbitant prices, propelling the Texas Association of Health Plans to write a formal complaint in late January. The 19-page letter details how many of these operations violate state disclosure requirements, charge over $1,000 per covid test and add thousands more in facility fees associated with the visit.

These free-standing ERs are “among the worst offenders when it comes to price gouging, egregious billing, and providing unnecessary care and tests,” the letter says.

In December, the Kansas Insurance Department investigated a lab whose cash price was listed at nearly $1,000. State legislatures in both Minnesota and Connecticut have introduced bills to crack down on price gouging since the pandemic began.

"If these astronomical costs charged by unscrupulous providers are borne by the health plans and insurers without recompense, consumers will ultimately pay more for their health care as health insurance costs will rise,” Justin McFarland, Kansas Insurance Department’s general counsel, wrote in a Dec. 16 letter.

KHN (Kaiser Health News) is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues. Together with Policy Analysis and Polling, KHN is one of the three major operating programs at KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation). KFF is an endowed nonprofit organization providing information on health issues to the nation.

USE OUR CONTENT

This story can be republished for free (details).

Covid Testing Has Turned Into a Financial Windfall for Hospitals and Other Providers published first on https://smartdrinkingweb.weebly.com/

[mysticcollector-things]

Drug history, origin of the pill

Tablets (from the Latin word Tabulettae ) is a solid dosage form obtained by pressing granules and powders, which include one or more medicinal substances.

Tablets may be with or without excipients.

In total, there are forty physical forms of tablets. The two most common tablet forms are chamfered and biconvex, convenient for swallowing.

A tablet may be in the following physical form:

cylinder,

ball,

cube

rhombus,

rectangle,

triangle,

quadrangle

pentagon,

hexagon,

octagon,

in the shape of a heart.

The structure of the structure of the tablets can be:

uncovered (traditional)

coated

skeleton (skeletal),

single layer

layered.

According to the action of the tablet can be, including:

Effervescent . Uncoated tablets, usually containing carbonates or acidic substances, quickly reacting in water with the release of carbon dioxide (hiss when dissolved);

Gastro-resistant . Coated tablets stable in the gastric juice and releasing a drug substance in the intestines;

With a modified release . Coated or uncoated tablets at a predictable rate or place of release of a drug substance;

Dispersible in the oral cavity . They differ from traditional tablets in that they dissolve in the oral cavity and do not require swallowing.

Dragee (from the French word dragee ) is a solid dosage form obtained by layer-by-layer application of active active substances on microparticles of inert carriers using sugar syrups. The most famous dragee in the USSR was Revit.

Capsules (from the Latin word capsula - "small chest, drawer, box") - dosage form consisting of a hard or soft gelatin shell, inside of which one or more active active substances are contained, with or without added excipients. Capsules today are known to us largely thanks to the American pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly, who began their mass production at the beginning of the 20th century.

Pills (from the Latin word pilula, ball, ball ) is a solid dosage unit for oral administration in the form of dense balls. Pills weighing more than 0.5 grams are called boluses, less than 0.1 grams are called granules.

Dragees, capsules and pills are not tablets, they are independent dosage forms.

The purpose of the tablets is the most diverse today. There are antibiotic pills , high blood pressure, birth control pills, blood thinners, cough pills, weight loss pills, toothache pills, tablets for children contain special formulations for children, there are cough pills and even diuretic pills. It is impossible to physically list the entire spectrum of applications.

Despite the fact that when creating drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, various forms are used: drops, ointments, gels, sprays - tablets, as before, remain the basis of the dosage form.

Talking about pills, it will not be superfluous to mention the long path traveled by pharmaceuticals to obtain a modern, perfect dosage form. You can order any modern medicines on this site https://medication-house.com/.

History of pills

The history of the pill goes back to ancient times. For several centuries BC, healers guessed to grind medicinal substances to a finely divided state, ideal for external use, and not very convenient for internal use. At one time, pharmacists learned to mix medicinal powder with a delicious thickener (aromatic resins, oils, spices) and make balls or cakes from this mass. Unfortunately, these predecessors of the modern tablet were ineffective: the active substances bound by the resin passed the gastrointestinal tract almost unchanged, a similar dosage form was buried in the annals of history for many centuries.

Philip Aureol Theophrast Bombast von Hohenheim (known in the history of medicine under the name Paracelsus) also addressed the topic of manufacturing tablet forms of drugs, creating one of the prototypes of a modern tablet. It was Paracelsus who proposed moisturizing and compressing medicinal substances under pressure, and not only at the expense of thickeners, but it did not come to mass production.

From pill to pill

The most ancient progenitor of a modern tablet should be considered a pill. The pill (pilula) was invented in ancient Rome and was first described by the erudite writer Gaius Plinius Secundus, better known as Pliny the Elder . Pliny the Elder left behind the fundamental encyclopedic essay Natural History, which contains a number of sections devoted to medicine and pharmacology, including a description of the manufacture of pills.

The pill manufacturing technology is remotely similar to the tablet manufacturing technology: long deep grooves were hollowed out in the stone, filled with a mixture of the necessary medicinal ingredients and a thickener. After solidification of the mass, it was removed from the stone and cut into small disks, in the form of tablets. The stone for the manufacture of pills was called the " pharmacy stone ", the oldest of the stones discovered by archaeologists dates back to 500 BC. 

Pills - dosage form

The solid dosage form of drugs, a modern tablet, was invented in 1843 by the British artist, writer and inventor William Brockedon (William Brockedon, 1778-1854). The first tablet drug in the history of pharmaceuticals was potassium bicarbonate - an antacid drug that reduces the acidity of gastric juice.

The technology for the production of tablets differed significantly from the method of manufacturing ancient Roman pills. The first tablets were obtained by pressing with a sledgehammer or hammer blows on a metal tube with a powder mixture placed in it. The invention of a new dosage form - tablets - happened by chance. Brockdon, as an artist, was looking for an optimal method of pressing lead powder for pencil leads to avoid scattering. The task was to get for drawing not only durable, but also a soft stylus.

Brockdon, once, instead of a lead powder, put in a metal tube a powder of potassium carbonate (potash), which the doctor prescribed for him from pain in his stomach. After another flattening of the tube, Brokdon’s hands turned out to be the prototype of a modern tablet - a white stylus, which remained to be cut with a hacksaw into small pieces, convenient for placing in the mouth and drinking water. In 1844, a new form of drug production method was patented.

Doctors and scientists liked the new dosage form of drug delivery so much that three years later, pharmacists of all progressive powers of that time: the UK, USA, France, Switzerland, Germany, were engaged in the manufacture of tablets.

Later, various drugs were tried to compress into tablets, and what worked on potash was not applicable to other substances: having received a strong tablet dosage form, it was not always possible to achieve the required level of bioavailability. The main difficulty was the poor solubility of the first tablets in water. The problem was solved by introducing excipients into their composition - sugar and starch.

Pills that dissolve easily in the stomach were invented in 1880 by the American physician William Erastus Upjohn, who, four years later, created a machine for the production of tablets in large quantities. In 1886, Upjon founded Upjohn Pill and Granule Company, which lasted until 1995, when it merged with Swiss Pharmacia. Today, Pharmacia are part of the pharmaceutical corporation Pfizer.

The tablet, as a dosage form, was recognized in 1901, after mentioning the VII edition in the Swedish Pharmacopoeia.

With the start of production of Alka Seltzer anti-nausea and hangover products, a new class of water-soluble tablets has emerged in the pharmaceutical market, most of which are known as effervescent tablets. The history of the invention of soluble tablets is very interesting.

In 1925, the American pharmaceutical company Dr. Miles Laboratories ”, located in the city of Elkhart (Indiana) (which is today part of the German pharmaceutical holding Bayer), began work on the creation of readily soluble tablets, but to no avail: the form was created, the current composition was absent. In January 1928, during the period of the flu and colds epidemic, going to the editorial office of the local newspaper The Elkhart Truth, the head of the Dr. Miles company Andrew Beardsley found the entire staff at workplaces. The recipe for health turned out to be simple: members of the editorial systematically consumed a mixture of aspirin, soda and lemon juice. A month later, Beardsley's subordinates created a soluble Aspir-Vess tablet, later called Alka-Seltzer, positioned as a remedy for colds, flu, headaches, consequences of overeating, pain and heaviness in the stomach. Relief of a hangover and the prevention of delirium (a mental disorder occurring with impaired consciousness) when taking Alka-Seltzer were an unplanned side effect. Trading Alka-Seltzer today is owned by Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Germany.

Dr. Miles Laboratories has developed an equally interesting and important invention that has made life easier for patients with diabetes.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, there were no tools to measure the level of glycemia ( blood sugar ). In 1908, an American biochemist, physiologist, Stanley Benedict, developed a solution containing copper sulfate and tartaric acid that changed its color from blue to green or brown when interacting with urine containing glucose. Since 1921, a solution called “Benedict’s reagent” began to be produced in the USA in the form of tablets.

Dr. Miles also produced this reagent in tablets under the Clinitest brand name (modified dry reagent in the form of tablets contained additional sodium hydroxide) until 1941, when its employees Walter Ames Compton and Joseph Moris Trenir (Joseph Maurice Treneer) did not guess to put the reagent on a paper strip. The first indicator (touch) test strips intended to assess the extent of glucosuria in patients with diabetes, they were called Clinistrip (later - Clinistix). Two years later, the latest diagnostic tool began to be produced in the Netherlands, Italy, Canada, Great Britain and France.

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Thus, largely thanks to the tablet, the test strip was invented, which is used today in every medical laboratory.

However, let us return to unplanned side effects that quite often lead to a change in the initial plans of companies to position certain drugs in the pharmaceutical market: the history of the development of Viagra tablets is no less interesting to the history of Alka-Seltzer.

In 1992, the American pharmaceutical company Pfizer (Pfizer) conducted a series of clinical trials new medicine for heart diseases - sildenafil citrate (Sildenafil citrate). The trials for the company ended extremely unsuccessfully: the new drug did not demonstrate the expected therapeutic effect on the heart muscle, while the male drug testers from the control group noted the exciting effect of taking this drug: instead of a positive effect on cardiac blood flow, future Viagra pills helped to improve blood flow in the area pelvic organs, causing an erection.

A side effect of taking other pills, Mirapex PD, is that taking these pills can cause hiccups .

The history of the development and improvement of tablets is rich and diverse, Evgeny Borisovich Kryukov, a chemist-pharmacist from Belarus, a regular author of the site, has collected the most interesting facts about medicines that you can familiarize yourself with.

Today, a pill is not just a round form of medicine. In the form of tablets, endoscopic equipment is released; they are chipped and assigned to them the functions of entire laboratories that monitor the slightest changes in the patient's condition.

Today, they are trying to replace the injections with pills: by the joint efforts of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and representatives of the Massachusetts General Clinical Hospital, a tablet with "microneedles" has been developed for patients with diabetes, which will painlessly inject insulin into the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. This tablet is coated with an acid-sensitive substance that breaks down when it enters the intestines. After taking and splitting the coating, the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract promoting the food squeeze the tablet, the needles inject the medicine inside.

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COVID Testing Choke Points

In some ways, the nation’s COVID testing system is like a game of Jenga: When one piece falters, the entire tower collapses.

Take Sacramento County, home to 1.5 million people and California’s capital. Coronavirus cases started surging in late June, and on July 15, 360 residents were diagnosed, marking an ominous single-day record.

Around that time, people flocked to testing sites run by the state, county, local health systems and other providers, and CVS, the first major retail establishment to start testing in Sacramento County.

But securing a test became next to impossible for many people. Even as Gov. Gavin Newsom touted California’s ability to test roughly 100,000 people per day, Sacramento’s time slots filled quickly, five county-run testing sites temporarily shuttered, and some health care providers limited testing to symptomatic patients.

For those lucky enough to get tested, results took days — sometimes weeks — to return, rendering them essentially useless.

“Results should come in 24 to 48 hours, ideally, from when people are exhibiting symptoms,” said Sacramento County Public Health Officer Dr. Olivia Kasirye. “It impacts our ability to take action and do contact investigations.”

So what happened? Sacramento, like other counties across the state and nation, has been plagued by a series of choke points in its testing system since the pandemic began. During the summer surge, at least two bottlenecks — caused by the sheer volume of tests and a shortage of lab processing supplies — dramatically constricted testing capabilities and slowed results.

“It’s pretty stunning that we are still having these bottlenecks. It was understandable when New York was struggling in March, but why is California struggling now?” said David Lazer, a professor at Northeastern University and co-author of a recent report on turnaround times for test results across the U.S. “It’s a local manifestation of national shortages.”

(Hannah Norman/KHN; Getty Images)

The first choke point emerged in Sacramento as people flocked to testing sites, placing a heavy burden on commercial labs that processed tests, such as Quest Diagnostics and LabCorp.

With COVID hot spots flaring this summer in Sacramento and beyond, the labs faced mounting backlogs, sometimes delaying results by more than a week. During Quest’s second-quarter earnings call in late July, Steve Rusckowski, the company’s chairman, president and CEO, addressed why the lab was struggling to keep up with demand — even as it rapidly increased testing capacity, which is now at 150,000 diagnostic tests a day.

Beyond catering to regions with high numbers of COVID-19 cases, Rusckowski said the lab was also responding to the testing needs of patients scheduled for surgery, high-risk residents at places like nursing homes and prisons, employers testing their workers, and universities requiring tests for returning students.

“There has been … broader availability of testing, where people now have access to asymptomatic testing and very convenient locations,” Rusckowski said. In July, Quest performed 3.5 million diagnostic tests, the company said, compared with 1.5 million in May.

Tests from Sacramento residents were among those, including people who visited the state-funded, drive-thru testing site run by Verily Life Sciences. Pharmacy giant CVS, with its 11 testing locations in the county and more than 1,800 nationwide, also sent its load to Quest, in addition to other commercial labs.

Quest said it has shortened its average turnaround time for tests to two to three days.

Smaller regional operations have popped up to ease the demand. Before the pandemic, Folsom, California-based StemExpress focused primarily on collecting and distributing blood and bone marrow for research and treatments. In early April, the company started processing COVID-19 tests. Now, StemExpress performs tests for Sacramento and other counties, health care systems, private businesses and even the Sacramento Kings NBA team.

About one-third of its business is now diagnostic COVID testing, according to Hether Ide, a company vice president. The lab has the capacity to process 10,000 tests per day, though it generally averages that in a week, Ide said.

To keep up this swift pace, StemExpress early on turned to its supplier, ThermoFisher, for certified COVID testing machines and secured year-long pre-purchasing contracts for the necessary supplies and chemicals. The company hired more than 30 people and staffs round-the-clock shifts to guarantee results in 48 to 72 hours. Still, it’s a fraction of what Quest churns through daily.

“It was a huge front-end financial investment — millions of dollars,” Ide said. “We had to buy the equipment and supply chain.”

Source: KHN reporting and a California COVID-19 Testing Task Force report. (Hannah Norman/KHN; Getty Images)

This brings us to the second major bottleneck: the supplies that big and small labs need to process tests.

In early July, Sacramento had to temporarily close five of its county-funded testing sites because the county’s testing partner, UC Davis Health, could not secure enough reagents — the chemical mixtures necessary to process COVID-19 tests — from Roche, the Swiss manufacturer of its “SUV”-sized lab machine. Major labs nationwide were scrambling for the same reagents.

To get the testing sites back up and running, Sacramento turned to StemExpress — which in April began securing lab supplies intended to last an entire year — to process the tests that UC Davis Health could not. The health system now has adequate supplies and is running about 2,500 tests per week, including some for the county, a UC Davis Health spokesperson said.

Sacramento County has reduced its turnaround time to 72 hours for results, the county said. Sacramento has also recently added community testing sites.

Manufacturers of lab processing supplies have struggled for months to keep up with the global demand. In a recent earnings call, Roche CEO Thomas Schinecker said the company had increased production of PCR testing machines and materials to approximately four times the normal levels. PCR tests, using a polymerase chain reaction, are the most common type used to detect COVID-19.

To avoid relying on one particular manufacturer, many labs use a variety of equipment. For instance, both Quest and BioReference Laboratories operate four FDA authorized testing systems, including ones made by Roche and Hologic, which are the sole makers of their proprietary reagents.

“These labs don’t want to put all their eggs in one basket,” said Marlene Sautter, director of laboratory services at Premier Inc., a group purchasing organization that works with 4,000 U.S. hospitals and health systems.

At the same time, major health systems, including those in Sacramento, face their own supply and testing shortages as they compete for the same equipment.

Kaiser Permanente has ramped up its purchasing of machines, testing kits and chemicals from vendors, and even built a 7,700-square-foot COVID-testing lab in Berkeley, which opened in June. (KHN, which produces California Healthline, is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.)

Collection Supplies

Earlier in the pandemic, a different supply shortage plagued testing sites in Sacramento: swabs used to collect specimens from people’s nasal cavities for the PCR tests.

In March, Maine-based Puritan Medical Products and Italian company Copan Diagnostics, the two leading manufacturers of these specialized nasal swabs, struggled to keep up with the accelerating demand.

In response, U.S. manufacturers expanded their efforts and Puritan received $75.5 million from the federal government in late April to make more swabs. California’s testing task force, in concert with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, said in an early-summer report that it had secured about 14 million swabs. Still, the report says that’s not enough to last through 2020.

Sautter fears that the upcoming flu season will add additional strain on the availability of swabs. Because the flu and COVID-19 share similar symptoms, more people will likely seek testing, and flu tests use the same type of swabs, she noted.

Plus, it’s never clear when one of the Jenga pieces will falter because of manufacturing delays, supply shortages or a spike in testing volume that could jam the system again.

“We really expected a decrease in COVID this summer. Obviously it hasn’t happened,” Sautter said. “Until there’s a vaccine, there’s going to be continued testing demand. Even then, I don’t know if anyone knows when this will be done.”

Kaiser Health News (KHN) is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation which is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.

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from Updates By Dina https://khn.org/news/covid-testing-choke-points/

[expomahal-blog]

Nachtflohmarkt - June 2019 at Germany(Erfurt) 2019-June

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[healthcaretrends-blog]

Nanomedicines Market –  Trends,2025

Medical application of nanotechnology is referred as nanomedicine. Potential applications include in biological devices, nanomaterials, nanoelectronic biosensors, molecular nanotechnology including biological machines. Some of the recent problems for nanomedicines include realizing the issues of toxicity and the impact on environment, of nanoscale materials (i.e., on the scale of 0.1 to 100 nm). Various functionalities can be added further to nanomaterials by amalgamating them with biological structures or molecules. Usually, the size of nanomaterials is very similar to that of the majority of biological structures and molecules; hence, nanomaterials can be functional for both in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications and research. Till now, the mixing of biology with nanomaterials has led to the progress in the fields of diagnostic devices, analytical tools, contrast agents, drug delivery vehicles, and physical therapy applications.

In diagnosis, nanotechnology based methods are usually more reliable, precise, and require least amount of sample which results into significant reduction in utilization of disposables and reagents. Aside from diagnosis, nanotechnology is widely used in drug delivery purposes owing to nanoscale particles having larger surface to volume ratio than that of micro and macro sized particles, which are responsible for superior drug loading. Nano products can enter into the body cavities for treatment or diagnosis with least amount of invasiveness and with improved bioavailability. This is likely to not only develop the efficacy of diagnosis and treatment, but also reduce side effects in the cases of targeted therapy.

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The global nanomedicines market is driven by many factors such as rising technological know-how, better regulatory framework, augmented research funding, increasing government support as well as continuous increase in the occurrence of chronic diseases including diabetes, obesity, cancer, orthopedic diseases, and kidney disorder. Some of the other factors driving the market are aging population, and increasing preference for targeted nanomedicines. Nonetheless, market entry of new manufacturers is likely to bridge the supply and demand gap of nanomedicines. Presently, the aforementioned drivers balance the risk related with nanomedicines such as high cost and toxicity.  Cancer is one of the key target areas for nanomedicines. Depocyt, Doxil, Oncospar, Neulasta, and Abraxane are some of the pharmaceuticals formulations that use nanotechnology. According to National Cancer Institute, around 1,685,210 new cases of cancer were diagnosed in the U.S. alone in 2016 and the number is likely to rise in the future. Since nanomedicines is considered as a major line of treatment of cancer, hence, the overall market of nanomedicines is projected to rise at a significant pace over the forecast period.

By geography, North America held the largest market share in the global nanomedicines market. However, Asia Pacific market is likely to grow at a considerable rate owing to rapid rise in geriatric population, increasing awareness about health care, and rise in disposable income in the region.

Nanomedicines Market Taxonomy

On the basis of Nanomolecule type, global market is classified into:

Nanoparticles,Liposomes,Metal & Metal Oxide Nanoparticles,Dendrimers,Polymers & polymer drug conjugates,Hydrogel nanoparticles,Nanotubes,Nanoshells

On the basis of application, global market is classified into:

Therapeutic,Diagnostic,Vaccines

On the basis of disease type, global market is classified into:

Oncology,Neurology,Cardiovascular,Anti-Inflammatory,Anti-Infective,Others

High costs associated with research as well as manufacturing of nanomedicines may hinder the growth of the market in the coming years. As the manufacturing cost increases, so does the cost of procurement of these drugs for the consumers, especially in the developing countries. Thus, the cost issue is expected to have a sizeable impact on the global nanomedicines market during the forecast period.

High unmet medical needs along with increasing prevalence of chronic diseases will drive growth of the global nanomedicines market

With the introduction of cutting-edge products and therapies including portable imaging devices, advanced medical sensors, and non-invasive surgical tools, there is a gap between patient demand and treatment supply. Advancements in nanomedicines are likely to fill the gap. In the coming years, the assurance of nanomedicines of carrying the drugs to the target site and in the right proportion is likely to cater to the needs of complex disease conditions, thereby meeting the unmet medical needs and hence, drive the nanomedicines market.

The nanomedicines market growth will be fueled by the significant increase in the occurrence of chronic diseases across the world. The rising pool of chronic patients as well as vast unmet medical demands is going to be responsible for a steady growth of the market during the forecast period.

Some of the key players operating in the global nanomedicines market are CombiMatrix Corporation, Abbott Laboratories, GE Healthcare, Johnson & Johnson, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mallinckrodt plc, Nanosphere, Inc., Merck & Company, Inc., Celgene Corporation, Pfizer, Inc., UCB (Union chimique belge) S.A, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

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COVID Testing Choke Points

In some ways, the nation’s COVID testing system is like a game of Jenga: When one piece falters, the entire tower collapses.

Take Sacramento County, home to 1.5 million people and California’s capital. Coronavirus cases started surging in late June, and on July 15, 360 residents were diagnosed, marking an ominous single-day record.

Around that time, people flocked to testing sites run by the state, county, local health systems and other providers, and CVS, the first major retail establishment to start testing in Sacramento County.

But securing a test became next to impossible for many people. Even as Gov. Gavin Newsom touted California’s ability to test roughly 100,000 people per day, Sacramento’s time slots filled quickly, five county-run testing sites temporarily shuttered, and some health care providers limited testing to symptomatic patients.

For those lucky enough to get tested, results took days — sometimes weeks — to return, rendering them essentially useless.

“Results should come in 24 to 48 hours, ideally, from when people are exhibiting symptoms,” said Sacramento County Public Health Officer Dr. Olivia Kasirye. “It impacts our ability to take action and do contact investigations.”

So what happened? Sacramento, like other counties across the state and nation, has been plagued by a series of choke points in its testing system since the pandemic began. During the summer surge, at least two bottlenecks — caused by the sheer volume of tests and a shortage of lab processing supplies — dramatically constricted testing capabilities and slowed results.

“It’s pretty stunning that we are still having these bottlenecks. It was understandable when New York was struggling in March, but why is California struggling now?” said David Lazer, a professor at Northeastern University and co-author of a recent report on turnaround times for test results across the U.S. “It’s a local manifestation of national shortages.”

(Hannah Norman/KHN; Getty Images)

The first choke point emerged in Sacramento as people flocked to testing sites, placing a heavy burden on commercial labs that processed tests, such as Quest Diagnostics and LabCorp.

With COVID hot spots flaring this summer in Sacramento and beyond, the labs faced mounting backlogs, sometimes delaying results by more than a week. During Quest’s second-quarter earnings call in late July, Steve Rusckowski, the company’s chairman, president and CEO, addressed why the lab was struggling to keep up with demand — even as it rapidly increased testing capacity, which is now at 150,000 diagnostic tests a day.

Beyond catering to regions with high numbers of COVID-19 cases, Rusckowski said the lab was also responding to the testing needs of patients scheduled for surgery, high-risk residents at places like nursing homes and prisons, employers testing their workers, and universities requiring tests for returning students.

“There has been … broader availability of testing, where people now have access to asymptomatic testing and very convenient locations,” Rusckowski said. In July, Quest performed 3.5 million diagnostic tests, the company said, compared with 1.5 million in May.

Tests from Sacramento residents were among those, including people who visited the state-funded, drive-thru testing site run by Verily Life Sciences. Pharmacy giant CVS, with its 11 testing locations in the county and more than 1,800 nationwide, also sent its load to Quest, in addition to other commercial labs.

Quest said it has shortened its average turnaround time for tests to two to three days.

Smaller regional operations have popped up to ease the demand. Before the pandemic, Folsom, California-based StemExpress focused primarily on collecting and distributing blood and bone marrow for research and treatments. In early April, the company started processing COVID-19 tests. Now, StemExpress performs tests for Sacramento and other counties, health care systems, private businesses and even the Sacramento Kings NBA team.

About one-third of its business is now diagnostic COVID testing, according to Hether Ide, a company vice president. The lab has the capacity to process 10,000 tests per day, though it generally averages that in a week, Ide said.

To keep up this swift pace, StemExpress early on turned to its supplier, ThermoFisher, for certified COVID testing machines and secured year-long pre-purchasing contracts for the necessary supplies and chemicals. The company hired more than 30 people and staffs round-the-clock shifts to guarantee results in 48 to 72 hours. Still, it’s a fraction of what Quest churns through daily.

“It was a huge front-end financial investment — millions of dollars,” Ide said. “We had to buy the equipment and supply chain.”

Source: KHN reporting and a California COVID-19 Testing Task Force report. (Hannah Norman/KHN; Getty Images)

This brings us to the second major bottleneck: the supplies that big and small labs need to process tests.

In early July, Sacramento had to temporarily close five of its county-funded testing sites because the county’s testing partner, UC Davis Health, could not secure enough reagents — the chemical mixtures necessary to process COVID-19 tests — from Roche, the Swiss manufacturer of its “SUV”-sized lab machine. Major labs nationwide were scrambling for the same reagents.

To get the testing sites back up and running, Sacramento turned to StemExpress — which in April began securing lab supplies intended to last an entire year — to process the tests that UC Davis Health could not. The health system now has adequate supplies and is running about 2,500 tests per week, including some for the county, a UC Davis Health spokesperson said.

Sacramento County has reduced its turnaround time to 72 hours for results, the county said. Sacramento has also recently added community testing sites.

Manufacturers of lab processing supplies have struggled for months to keep up with the global demand. In a recent earnings call, Roche CEO Thomas Schinecker said the company had increased production of PCR testing machines and materials to approximately four times the normal levels. PCR tests, using a polymerase chain reaction, are the most common type used to detect COVID-19.

To avoid relying on one particular manufacturer, many labs use a variety of equipment. For instance, both Quest and BioReference Laboratories operate four FDA authorized testing systems, including ones made by Roche and Hologic, which are the sole makers of their proprietary reagents.

“These labs don’t want to put all their eggs in one basket,” said Marlene Sautter, director of laboratory services at Premier Inc., a group purchasing organization that works with 4,000 U.S. hospitals and health systems.

At the same time, major health systems, including those in Sacramento, face their own supply and testing shortages as they compete for the same equipment.

Kaiser Permanente has ramped up its purchasing of machines, testing kits and chemicals from vendors, and even built a 7,700-square-foot COVID-testing lab in Berkeley, which opened in June. (KHN, which produces California Healthline, is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.)

Collection Supplies

Earlier in the pandemic, a different supply shortage plagued testing sites in Sacramento: swabs used to collect specimens from people’s nasal cavities for the PCR tests.

In March, Maine-based Puritan Medical Products and Italian company Copan Diagnostics, the two leading manufacturers of these specialized nasal swabs, struggled to keep up with the accelerating demand.

In response, U.S. manufacturers expanded their efforts and Puritan received $75.5 million from the federal government in late April to make more swabs. California’s testing task force, in concert with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, said in an early-summer report that it had secured about 14 million swabs. Still, the report says that’s not enough to last through 2020.

Sautter fears that the upcoming flu season will add additional strain on the availability of swabs. Because the flu and COVID-19 share similar symptoms, more people will likely seek testing, and flu tests use the same type of swabs, she noted.

Plus, it’s never clear when one of the Jenga pieces will falter because of manufacturing delays, supply shortages or a spike in testing volume that could jam the system again.

“We really expected a decrease in COVID this summer. Obviously it hasn’t happened,” Sautter said. “Until there’s a vaccine, there’s going to be continued testing demand. Even then, I don’t know if anyone knows when this will be done.”

Kaiser Health News (KHN) is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation which is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.

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COVID Testing Choke Points published first on https://nootropicspowdersupplier.tumblr.com/

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COVID Testing Choke Points

In some ways, the nation’s COVID testing system is like a game of Jenga: When one piece falters, the entire tower collapses.

Take Sacramento County, home to 1.5 million people and California’s capital. Coronavirus cases started surging in late June, and on July 15, 360 residents were diagnosed, marking an ominous single-day record.

Around that time, people flocked to testing sites run by the state, county, local health systems and other providers, and CVS, the first major retail establishment to start testing in Sacramento County.

But securing a test became next to impossible for many people. Even as Gov. Gavin Newsom touted California’s ability to test roughly 100,000 people per day, Sacramento’s time slots filled quickly, five county-run testing sites temporarily shuttered, and some health care providers limited testing to symptomatic patients.

For those lucky enough to get tested, results took days — sometimes weeks — to return, rendering them essentially useless.

“Results should come in 24 to 48 hours, ideally, from when people are exhibiting symptoms,” said Sacramento County Public Health Officer Dr. Olivia Kasirye. “It impacts our ability to take action and do contact investigations.”

So what happened? Sacramento, like other counties across the state and nation, has been plagued by a series of choke points in its testing system since the pandemic began. During the summer surge, at least two bottlenecks — caused by the sheer volume of tests and a shortage of lab processing supplies — dramatically constricted testing capabilities and slowed results.

“It’s pretty stunning that we are still having these bottlenecks. It was understandable when New York was struggling in March, but why is California struggling now?” said David Lazer, a professor at Northeastern University and co-author of a recent report on turnaround times for test results across the U.S. “It’s a local manifestation of national shortages.”

(Hannah Norman/KHN; Getty Images)

The first choke point emerged in Sacramento as people flocked to testing sites, placing a heavy burden on commercial labs that processed tests, such as Quest Diagnostics and LabCorp.

With COVID hot spots flaring this summer in Sacramento and beyond, the labs faced mounting backlogs, sometimes delaying results by more than a week. During Quest’s second-quarter earnings call in late July, Steve Rusckowski, the company’s chairman, president and CEO, addressed why the lab was struggling to keep up with demand — even as it rapidly increased testing capacity, which is now at 150,000 diagnostic tests a day.

Beyond catering to regions with high numbers of COVID-19 cases, Rusckowski said the lab was also responding to the testing needs of patients scheduled for surgery, high-risk residents at places like nursing homes and prisons, employers testing their workers, and universities requiring tests for returning students.

“There has been … broader availability of testing, where people now have access to asymptomatic testing and very convenient locations,” Rusckowski said. In July, Quest performed 3.5 million diagnostic tests, the company said, compared with 1.5 million in May.

Tests from Sacramento residents were among those, including people who visited the state-funded, drive-thru testing site run by Verily Life Sciences. Pharmacy giant CVS, with its 11 testing locations in the county and more than 1,800 nationwide, also sent its load to Quest, in addition to other commercial labs.

Quest said it has shortened its average turnaround time for tests to two to three days.

Smaller regional operations have popped up to ease the demand. Before the pandemic, Folsom, California-based StemExpress focused primarily on collecting and distributing blood and bone marrow for research and treatments. In early April, the company started processing COVID-19 tests. Now, StemExpress performs tests for Sacramento and other counties, health care systems, private businesses and even the Sacramento Kings NBA team.

About one-third of its business is now diagnostic COVID testing, according to Hether Ide, a company vice president. The lab has the capacity to process 10,000 tests per day, though it generally averages that in a week, Ide said.

To keep up this swift pace, StemExpress early on turned to its supplier, ThermoFisher, for certified COVID testing machines and secured year-long pre-purchasing contracts for the necessary supplies and chemicals. The company hired more than 30 people and staffs round-the-clock shifts to guarantee results in 48 to 72 hours. Still, it’s a fraction of what Quest churns through daily.

“It was a huge front-end financial investment — millions of dollars,” Ide said. “We had to buy the equipment and supply chain.”

Source: KHN reporting and a California COVID-19 Testing Task Force report. (Hannah Norman/KHN; Getty Images)

This brings us to the second major bottleneck: the supplies that big and small labs need to process tests.

In early July, Sacramento had to temporarily close five of its county-funded testing sites because the county’s testing partner, UC Davis Health, could not secure enough reagents — the chemical mixtures necessary to process COVID-19 tests — from Roche, the Swiss manufacturer of its “SUV”-sized lab machine. Major labs nationwide were scrambling for the same reagents.

To get the testing sites back up and running, Sacramento turned to StemExpress — which in April began securing lab supplies intended to last an entire year — to process the tests that UC Davis Health could not. The health system now has adequate supplies and is running about 2,500 tests per week, including some for the county, a UC Davis Health spokesperson said.

Sacramento County has reduced its turnaround time to 72 hours for results, the county said. Sacramento has also recently added community testing sites.

Manufacturers of lab processing supplies have struggled for months to keep up with the global demand. In a recent earnings call, Roche CEO Thomas Schinecker said the company had increased production of PCR testing machines and materials to approximately four times the normal levels. PCR tests, using a polymerase chain reaction, are the most common type used to detect COVID-19.

To avoid relying on one particular manufacturer, many labs use a variety of equipment. For instance, both Quest and BioReference Laboratories operate four FDA authorized testing systems, including ones made by Roche and Hologic, which are the sole makers of their proprietary reagents.

“These labs don’t want to put all their eggs in one basket,” said Marlene Sautter, director of laboratory services at Premier Inc., a group purchasing organization that works with 4,000 U.S. hospitals and health systems.

At the same time, major health systems, including those in Sacramento, face their own supply and testing shortages as they compete for the same equipment.

Kaiser Permanente has ramped up its purchasing of machines, testing kits and chemicals from vendors, and even built a 7,700-square-foot COVID-testing lab in Berkeley, which opened in June. (KHN, which produces California Healthline, is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.)

Collection Supplies

Earlier in the pandemic, a different supply shortage plagued testing sites in Sacramento: swabs used to collect specimens from people’s nasal cavities for the PCR tests.

In March, Maine-based Puritan Medical Products and Italian company Copan Diagnostics, the two leading manufacturers of these specialized nasal swabs, struggled to keep up with the accelerating demand.

In response, U.S. manufacturers expanded their efforts and Puritan received $75.5 million from the federal government in late April to make more swabs. California’s testing task force, in concert with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, said in an early-summer report that it had secured about 14 million swabs. Still, the report says that’s not enough to last through 2020.

Sautter fears that the upcoming flu season will add additional strain on the availability of swabs. Because the flu and COVID-19 share similar symptoms, more people will likely seek testing, and flu tests use the same type of swabs, she noted.

Plus, it’s never clear when one of the Jenga pieces will falter because of manufacturing delays, supply shortages or a spike in testing volume that could jam the system again.

“We really expected a decrease in COVID this summer. Obviously it hasn’t happened,” Sautter said. “Until there’s a vaccine, there’s going to be continued testing demand. Even then, I don’t know if anyone knows when this will be done.”

Kaiser Health News (KHN) is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation which is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.

USE OUR CONTENT

This story can be republished for free (details).

COVID Testing Choke Points published first on https://smartdrinkingweb.weebly.com/

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Vitamin C Serum fiiling Machine – Reliance Machinery

Vitamin C Serum fiiling Machine – Reliance Machinery Reliance Machinery Co.,Ltd http://www.pharma-reliance.com/

E-mail:amy@pharma-reliance.com / Phone: 008613795446673

— Innovations in Liquid Filling Equipment

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About Us

Reliance Delivers for You! a highly-qualified workforce develops and produces complete solutions for a multitude of industries:

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Our machines are designed towards GMP compliances and cover a wide range of processes, including unscramblers, cleaners, liquid fillers, pluggers, crimpers, & cappers. We also provide complete turnkey lines that can integrate labelers, bundlers, sorters, and case packers.

From individual machines to complete lines, Reliance can turn your application into reality. Our equipment is complemented by a comrehensive after-sales service portfolio that deals with the entire asset life cycle, from pre-sales to end-of-life support.

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Key words: we Reliance Machinery Co., Ltd offer liquid filling capping labeling shrinking cartoning packaging machine/manufacturing equipment for: 1.Sterile filling for Pharmaceutical & Chemical products solution- eye drops, eye dropper, eye allergy relief, eye dry, ophthalmic, ophthalmic, ear drops, nasal spray, eye wash/ washer/washing, nose/sinus/ nasal care washing, sterile injection glass vials, cough/corn syrup, herbal extract oral liquid, syringe, cartridge, vitamin C+E+B, diagnostic reagent,ethyl alcohol, spirit, Suspension, tincture, alcoholature, solvent , solution, pain release, first aid, health care, vaccine, veterinary, message oil, perfume, aromatherapy, aromatherapy, medicine, normal saline, irrigator, feminine gynecological douche, vaginal/ enema irrigation, plastic / glass ampoule, gel, powder 2. Sterile liquid filling for Electronic cigarette products: e-liquid, eliquid, e liquid, ejuice, eliquids, oil, vapor, atomizer 3.Sterile Filling range from 1/2 Oz to 8 Oz – 1 Oz 2 Oz 3 Oz 4 Oz 6 Oz 8 Fl Oz – 1ml, 3ml, 5ml, 10ml, 15ml, 20ml, 30ml, 60ml, 120ml, 150ml, 200ml, 250ml, 500ml, 1000ml in to different conatiners, such as clear Europe glass dropper amber boston round/ square/ oval/ flat shaped bottles/ vials / jar / ball roll on/ lyophilized vials/freeze dryer 4. Keywords: fully automatic, semi automatic, table top, filler, capper, crimper, crimping, private labeler, sealer, sealing , cartoner, blister, pills, counter, sterile, aseptic, pain release,first aid, vertical,labeler applicator apply, fluid, liquid, semi liquid, corrosive liquid and so on Monoblock, Inline, Linear, front and back, pallet, C-wrap, blow, print and apply,labeling, top and bottle, in-line, bottles, linear, wraparound, labels, adhesive, sticker, printing, printer, corner, carton, case, tray, base, tamper, case, horzontal, unit pack, non-stop, promo Pharmaceutical Machinery, Pharmaceutical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Equipment, Pharma, Biopharma and Fine Chemicals, Contract pharmaceutical filling line,Packaging Machinery, GMP Machinery, Pharmaceutical Industry, Pharmaceutical Technology, Filling closing, Fill finish, Filling plugging capping, Sterile, Aseptic, US FDA, Auger filler for powder, Filling in line, Packaging line, Labeling solution, ultrasonic Washing machine, Rinsing cleaning system, Wraping Machinery, Over- around wrapper, Shrinking machine, Secondary packaging, cGMP Service, cGMP Solutions, cGMP Validation, bottle, cap, container, refill, dispenser, drop, dropper, drug, dry, eye, flu, health, healthcare, hood, hygiene, isolated,HEPA, Laminar Air Flow, label, labeller, lid, medication, medicine, mock up, nasal, nose, nostril, nozzle, vibration hopper, empty conveyor, packaging, pharmacy, accuracy, prescription, peristaltic pump, ceramic pump, touch screen, PLC control, stainless steel, piston pump, high speed, rotary, spray, tears

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The post Vitamin C Serum fiiling Machine – Reliance Machinery appeared first on Vitamin C Serum Store.

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Automatic Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Filling Machine

http://www.pharma-reliance.com // info@pharma-reliance.com // Tel: 0086-13795446673

    The Automatic Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Bottle/Container Filling Packing Line  was design and manufactured by Reliance Machinery including liquid filling- capping- labeling machine.

Technical Features of  Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Filling Machine : 1.This production Line can be used for various types of diagnostic reagent bottle filling and capping and can be used stand-alone or it can be connected with the labeler machine . 2.The bottle holders design for used for different shape of bottle.

3.High filling accuracy  1% 4.No liquid dripping in filling station 5. Alarm for the trouble of machine warning 6.Reliably and stably cap on and capping station. Adopting precision servo technology to control torsion of capping. 6.PLC control system and touch screen ( famous brand ) (HMI). 7.The main body of machine is made of SUS 304 stainless steel and aluminum alloy etc. and the designing is complied with GMP.

  Parameter :

Product name in vitro diagnostic reagent filling machine Filling Range 20~150 ml Capacity 35~50PCS/M, 70~80PCS/M Measuring Type Peristaltic pump or customized Filling Accuracy Customized Voltage 380V 50Hz Power 2.25 Kw Compressed Air 0.5~0.8Mpa 40~50L/min Weight 1000kg Dimension 4200*1600*2000 mm

Automatic Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Filling Machine- Reliance Machinery Co.,Ltd Automatic Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Filling Machine www.pharma-reliance.com // info@pharma-reliance.com // Tel: 0086-13795446673 The Automatic Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Bottle/Container Filling Packing Line  was design and manufactured by Reliance Machinery including liquid filling- capping- labeling machine.

[fillingmachinechina]

Automatic Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Filling Machine

http://www.pharma-reliance.com // info@pharma-reliance.com // Tel: 0086-13795446673

    The Automatic Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Bottle/Container Filling Packing Line  was design and manufactured by Reliance Machinery including liquid filling- capping- labeling machine.

Technical Features of  Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Filling Machine : 1.This production Line can be used for various types of diagnostic reagent bottle filling and capping and can be used stand-alone or it can be connected with the labeler machine . 2.The bottle holders design for used for different shape of bottle.

3.High filling accuracy  1% 4.No liquid dripping in filling station 5. Alarm for the trouble of machine warning 6.Reliably and stably cap on and capping station. Adopting precision servo technology to control torsion of capping. 6.PLC control system and touch screen ( famous brand ) (HMI). 7.The main body of machine is made of SUS 304 stainless steel and aluminum alloy etc. and the designing is complied with GMP.

  Parameter :

Product name in vitro diagnostic reagent filling machine Filling Range 20~150 ml Capacity 35~50PCS/M, 70~80PCS/M Measuring Type Peristaltic pump or customized Filling Accuracy Customized Voltage 380V 50Hz Power 2.25 Kw Compressed Air 0.5~0.8Mpa 40~50L/min Weight 1000kg Dimension 4200*1600*2000 mm

Automatic Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Filling Machine- Reliance Machinery Co.,Ltd Automatic Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Filling Machine www.pharma-reliance.com // info@pharma-reliance.com // Tel: 0086-13795446673 The Automatic Biochemistry Diagnostic Reagents Bottle/Container Filling Packing Line  was design and manufactured by Reliance Machinery including liquid filling- capping- labeling machine.

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Diagnostic reagents IVD container filling and capping machine , Shanghai Reliance Machinery company Ltd. #fillingmachine #shanghaireliance #reliancemachinery #Diagnosticreagents #IVD #liquidfiller #sterilefilling #pharmaceticalpacking （在 Huating, Shanghai, China） https://www.instagram.com/p/B81O9jhJP9H/?igshid=rvtcq07dtexr