#Devops

[nixcraft]

the audacity. lol.

[kernelbroken]

[izder456]

How do I Learn Linux or *BSD for DevOps, Sysadmin, or Programming?

The "cold turkey hacker method".

Daily drive one. Make it your main system. Use as many native tools from that distro or BSD system as possible.

Don’t copy-paste shit blindly. Read, understand, then type.

No dual booting or virtualization. VMs and dual booting give you an easy reset. They encourage reinstalling over fixing issues. You’ll never learn that way.

No compatibility layers (e.g., Wine, Linuxulator on FreeBSD, Waydroid). If you’re using non-native tech, you’re defeating the purpose of this guide.

Make this your only system. Your only personal computing device should be the OS you're learning.

How to Learn:

Learn by trial.

Learn by error.

Learn by doing.

Learn by creating.

Learn by experimentation.

Learn by failure.

Learn by exposure.

Stop:

Stop reading guides.

Stop following "must-do’s" from others.

These rarely help you learn the intricacies of your system.

There is no "right way" to learn this. Just long, hard, grueling, labor.

Where to Start:

Learn the basics first. The manpages, the wiki, the handbook, the FAQ. Official documentation is your first stop.

Build knowledge from there. Use what you learn to make solutions following the standard practices of your system.

Actively work on your system. Constantly push it to do what you want it to do.

TL;DR:

Make your system do what you want. To do that, you need to understand its capabilities first. Start there.

[heart-ghost-studyblr]

Normal night in the midnight.

[linuxtldr]

Can't bots just trust we're human without the robot dance-off? 😄

[antifataylorswift]

The developers i work with are asking chatgpt questions about my infrastructure that are in our docs. Unsurprisingly they are getting bad advice for our particular setup, and are bothering my team with a bunch of questions about if the advice is right and what would happen if they ran those commands.

[techpaathshala]

Unlock the full potential of Git and take control of your code with our concise and effective ultimate cheat sheet!

Check out daily such informative post also if you find it useful do like and share it👌 👩‍💻😎

[qcsdclabs]

Understanding the Boot Process in Linux

                    Six Stages of Linux Boot Process

Press the power button on your system, and after few moments you see the Linux login prompt.

Have you ever wondered what happens behind the scenes from the time you press the power button until the Linux login prompt appears?

The following are the 6 high level stages of a typical Linux boot process.

                             BIOS        Basic Input/Output System

                             MBR        Master Boot Record executes GRUB

                             GRUB      Grand Unified Boot Loader Executes Kernel

                             Kernel      Kernel executes /sbin/init

                             Init            init executes runlevel programs

                             Runlevel   Runlevel programs are executed from /etc/rc.d/rc*.d/

1. BIOS

BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System

Performs some system integrity checks

Searches, loads, and executes the boot loader program.

It looks for boot loader in floppy, cd-rom, or hard drive. You can press a key (typically F12 of F2, but it depends on your system) during the BIOS startup to change the boot sequence.

Once the boot loader program is detected and loaded into the memory, BIOS gives the control to it.

So, in simple terms BIOS loads and executes the MBR boot loader.

2. MBR

MBR stands for Master Boot Record.

It is located in the 1st sector of the bootable disk. Typically /dev/hda, or /dev/sda

MBR is less than 512 bytes in size. This has three components 1) primary boot loader info in 1st 446 bytes 2) partition table info in next 64 bytes 3) mbr validation check in last 2 bytes.

It contains information about GRUB (or LILO in old systems).

So, in simple terms MBR loads and executes the GRUB boot loader.

3. GRUB

GRUB stands for Grand Unified Bootloader.

If you have multiple kernel images installed on your system, you can choose which one to be executed.

GRUB displays a splash screen, waits for few seconds, if you don’t enter anything, it loads the default kernel image as specified in the grub configuration file.

GRUB has the knowledge of the filesystem (the older Linux loader LILO didn’t understand filesystem).

Grub configuration file is /boot/grub/grub.conf (/etc/grub.conf is a link to this). The following is sample grub.conf of CentOS.

#boot=/dev/sda

default=0

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5PAE)

          root (hd0,0)

          kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5PAE ro root=LABEL=/

          initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.el5PAE.img

As you notice from the above info, it contains kernel and initrd image.

So, in simple terms GRUB just loads and executes Kernel and initrd images.

4. Kernel

Mounts the root file system as specified in the “root=” in grub.conf

Kernel executes the /sbin/init program

Since init was the 1st program to be executed by Linux Kernel, it has the process id (PID) of 1. Do a ‘ps -ef | grep init’ and check the pid.

initrd stands for Initial RAM Disk.

initrd is used by kernel as temporary root file system until kernel is booted and the real root file system is mounted. It also contains necessary drivers compiled inside, which helps it to access the hard drive partitions, and other hardware.

5. Init

Looks at the /etc/inittab file to decide the Linux run level.

Following are the available run levels

0 – halt

1 – Single user mode

2 – Multiuser, without NFS

3 – Full multiuser mode

4 – unused

5 – X11

6 – reboot

Init identifies the default initlevel from /etc/inittab and uses that to load all appropriate program.

Execute ‘grep initdefault /etc/inittab’ on your system to identify the default run level

If you want to get into trouble, you can set the default run level to 0 or 6. Since you know what 0 and 6 means, probably you might not do that.

Typically you would set the default run level to either 3 or 5.

6. Runlevel programs

When the Linux system is booting up, you might see various services getting started. For example, it might say “starting sendmail …. OK”. Those are the runlevel programs, executed from the run level directory as defined by your run level.

Depending on your default init level setting, the system will execute the programs from one of the following directories.

Run level 0 – /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/

Run level 1 – /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/

Run level 2 – /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/

Run level 3 – /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/

Run level 4 – /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/

Run level 5 – /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/

Run level 6 – /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/

Please note that there are also symbolic links available for these directory under /etc directly. So, /etc/rc0.d is linked to /etc/rc.d/rc0.d.

Under the /etc/rc.d/rc*.d/ directories, you would see programs that start with S and K.

Programs starts with S are used during startup. S for startup.

Programs starts with K are used during shutdown. K for kill.

There are numbers right next to S and K in the program names. Those are the sequence number in which the programs should be started or killed.

For example, S12syslog is to start the syslog deamon, which has the sequence number of 12. S80sendmail is to start the sendmail daemon, which has the sequence number of 80. So, syslog program will be started before sendmail.

There you have it. That is what happens during the Linux boot process.

for more details visit www.qcsdclabs.com

[nixcraft]

[kernelbroken]

[emexotechnologies]

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[annajade456]

The DevOps Lifecycle: Building, Testing, and Deploying with Confidence

DevOps, a combination of "Development" and "Operations," has emerged as a game-changer in the software development landscape. It represents a comprehensive approach that fosters collaboration between development and operations teams, emphasizes automation, and cultivates a culture of continuous improvement. In this blog post, we will delve deeper into the world of DevOps, exploring its principles, practices, and how it works. 

The Essence of DevOps: 

DevOps is more than just a buzzword; it's a mindset that aims to break down silos and bridge the gap between traditionally isolated development and operations teams. At its core, DevOps promotes collaboration, automation, and a relentless focus on delivering high-quality software faster and more efficiently.

Collaboration: DevOps encourages close collaboration and communication between development and operations teams. By working together from the initial stages of a project, teams can align their goals, streamline processes, and reduce conflicts.

Automation: Automation is the backbone of DevOps. It involves using tools and scripts to automate repetitive tasks, such as code building, testing, and deployment. This not only speeds up development but also reduces the risk of human error.

The DevOps Lifecycle: 

DevOps introduces a structured lifecycle that encompasses various stages, ensuring a seamless flow from code development to deployment and beyond.

Continuous Integration (CI): In this phase, developers frequently integrate their code into a shared repository. CI tools automatically build and test the code with every change, ensuring it remains functional and error-free.

Continuous Delivery (CD): Building on CI, CD automates the deployment process, allowing for the continuous delivery of tested code to production or staging environments. This enables rapid and reliable releases.

Monitoring and Feedback: DevOps teams continuously monitor applications and infrastructure in production. They collect feedback on system performance, user experience, and any issues that arise. This feedback loop is crucial for making improvements and responding to issues promptly.

Infrastructure as Code (IaC): IaC is a DevOps practice that involves managing infrastructure using code. It enables the automated provisioning, scaling, and configuration of infrastructure resources, ensuring consistency and reproducibility.

Version Control: Version control systems like Git are essential for tracking code changes, enabling collaboration, and ensuring code integrity.

The Cultural Shift: 

DevOps isn't just about tools and processes; it's also about fostering a cultural shift within an organization.

Shared Responsibility: DevOps promotes a culture of shared responsibility, where both development and operations teams take ownership of the entire software delivery process. This reduces blame-shifting and encourages problem-solving.

Accountability: DevOps encourages accountability for code quality, security, and performance. Team members are responsible for the outcomes of their work, from development to deployment.

Trust and Collaboration: Open communication and trust between teams are essential. DevOps encourages cross-functional teams to work together, breaking down traditional barriers.

DevOps is not just a trend but a transformative approach to software development and deployment. Its principles of collaboration, automation, and cultural transformation are reshaping the industry. ACTE Technologies, through its training and consulting services, plays a pivotal role in preparing professionals and organizations for success in the DevOps-driven world. Embracing DevOps and partnering with ACTE Technologies can lead to faster, more reliable software delivery and a competitive edge in today's dynamic tech landscape. Start your DevOps journey today and reap the benefits of this revolutionary approach.

[linuxtldr]

Windows: Hungry beast, Linux: Energy sipper!

[vabroapp]

Embrace the Future with AI 🚀

The AI industry is set to skyrocket from USD 2.41 trillion in 2023 to a projected USD 30.13 trillion by 2032, growing at a phenomenal CAGR of 32.4%! The AI market continues to experience robust growth driven by advancements in machine learning, natural language processing, and cloud computing. Key industry player heavily invests in AI to enhance their product offerings and gain competitive advantages.

Here is a brief analysis of why and how AI can transform businesses to stay ahead in the digital age.

Key Trends:

Predictive Analytics: There’s an increasing demand for predictive analytics solutions across various industries to leverage data-driven decision-making.

Data Generation: Massive growth in data generation due to technological advancements is pushing the demand for AI solutions.

Cloud Adoption: The adoption of cloud-based applications and services is accelerating AI implementation.

Consumer Experience: Companies are focusing on enhancing consumer experience through AI-driven personalized services.

Challenges:

Initial Costs: High initial costs and concerns over replacing the human workforce.

Skill Gap: A lack of skilled AI technicians and experts.

Data Privacy: Concerns regarding data privacy and security.

Vabro is excited to announce the launch of Vabro Genie, one of the most intelligent SaaS AI engines. Vabro Genie helps companies manage projects, DevOps, and workflows with unprecedented efficiency and intelligence. Don’t miss out on leveraging this game-changing tool!

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