#Counterfort

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Retaining Walls: Types, Components and Applications

Introduction: Retaining walls are essential structures that provide stability to soil and other materials by preventing them from naturally sloping. They serve various purposes, such as holding back or supporting soil, managing differences in ground elevation, and safeguarding against erosion in waterfront areas. Retaining walls find applications in the construction of buildings with basements,…

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Types of Retaining Walls

There are several types of retaining walls each suited for different applications and site conditions:

Gravity Retaining Walls: These rely on their weight to resist lateral earth pressures. They are typically made from heavy materials like concrete or stone and are effective for heights up to about 3 meters.

Cantilever Retaining Walls: Constructed from reinforced concrete, these walls have a vertical stem and a base slab that acts as a cantilever. They are common for heights up to 10 meters and are more economical than gravity walls due to their design efficiency.

Read Also: Poured Concrete Vs. Timber Retaining Walls

Counterfort Retaining Walls: Similar to cantilever walls but with additional supports (counterforts) that help reduce bending moments in the wall, making them suitable for taller structures.

Gabion Walls: Made from wire mesh filled with rocks, these walls are used for erosion control and are effective in free-draining applications.

Anchored Retaining Walls: These are used when space is limited, featuring cables or rods anchored into the ground to provide additional stability against lateral forces.

Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Walls: These walls incorporate reinforcements like metallic strips or geogrids within the soil mass, enhancing stability and reducing the pressure on the wall.

Retaining walls are essential structures for managing soil stability and preventing erosion. Gravity and cantilever walls are effective for moderate heights, with cantilever walls being more economical for taller structures. Counterfort and anchored walls provide additional stability for higher and space-constrained applications. Gabion and MSE walls offer versatile solutions for erosion control and soil reinforcement, respectively, ensuring robust and durable retention.

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The Art of Retaining Walls in Sydney

Introduction:

Retaining Walls in Sydney, with its stunning landscapes and varied topography, often presents unique challenges for property owners when it comes to managing uneven terrains. Retaining walls have become an essential solution to address these challenges, providing not only functional support but also contributing to the aesthetic appeal of outdoor spaces. In this blog, we'll explore the significance of retaining walls in Sydney, their various types, and how they can transform your property.

Understanding Retaining Walls:Retaining walls serve a crucial role in holding back soil and preventing erosion, particularly on slopes. In Sydney, where the terrain can range from flat to hilly, these structures become invaluable in creating level surfaces for gardens, pathways, and other outdoor spaces.

Types of Retaining Walls:

Gravity Retaining Walls: These walls rely on their weight and mass to resist pressure from the soil. They are suitable for lower retaining heights and are often made from materials like concrete blocks or stone.

Cantilever Retaining Walls: Constructed with a T or L-shaped design, cantilever walls use leverage to support the soil. They are ideal for medium to high retaining heights and can be made from concrete or other reinforced materials.

Anchored Retaining Walls: These walls use cables or other stays anchored in the soil behind the wall, providing additional support for higher retaining heights. Anchored retaining walls are a common choice for challenging terrains in Sydney.

Counterfort Retaining Walls: Similar to cantilever walls, counterfort retaining walls include thin vertical concrete webs on the soil side, providing additional strength.

Material Choices for Retaining Walls:

Concrete: Durable and versatile, concrete retaining walls are popular for their strength and ability to complement various architectural styles.

Stone: Natural stone retaining walls add a timeless and organic look to landscapes. They are particularly popular in Sydney for their ability to blend seamlessly with the surroundings.

Timber: Timber retaining walls offer a warm and rustic aesthetic. While not as durable as concrete or stone, they can be suitable for certain applications.

Aesthetic Integration:Retaining walls can be more than just functional structures; they can enhance the visual appeal of your outdoor space. Incorporating landscaping elements, such as cascading plants, integrated seating, or decorative finishes, can turn a retaining wall into a focal point of your garden.

Professional Considerations:Constructing retaining walls requires careful planning and expertise. It's crucial to consult with a professional engineer or landscaping expert to ensure that the design and construction meet safety standards and local regulations.

Conclusion:

Retaining walls in Sydney are not merely structural necessities; they are integral components of landscape design. Whether you're dealing with a sloping backyard or looking to add dimension to your property, investing in a well-designed and properly constructed retaining wall can transform your outdoor space, providing both stability and visual allure.

[civilconcept]

Counterfort retaining wall | Types, Parts, and Design

Counterfort retaining wall | Types, Parts, and Design

A retaining wall is a rigid structure build to retain the soil or the masses of debris at one end having different levels so that the soil masses don’t slip from it. Thus, retaining walls are specially designed for lateral earth pressure and forces. The retaining wall further protects the direct vertical exposure of soil at different elevation and thus reduced the erosion and maintain slope…

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Translated interview

Director Céline Sciamma: ‘I try to create new forms of eroticism’

Dominik Kamalzadeh, in: Der Standard, 15th of December 2019

// Additions or clarifications for translating purposes are denoted as [T: …]. Almost zero here, Céline said it all 🙂. //

‘Portrait of a Lady on Fire’ tells the love story of two women in the 1770s. Her much acclaimed film is about the present, says the director.

A painter (Noémie Merlant) arrives on an isle in Brittany with a secret commission. She is supposed to paint the portrait of a young noble woman (Adèle Haenel) without her knowledge. But they meet on equal terms, and soon they share an idea of liberty, they fall in love with each other. The portrait is made under new conditions.

Céline Sciamma’s ‘Portrait of a Lady on Fire’ (Portrait de la jeune fille en feu) is not a typical love story. Artistic and focused, the film allows access to a female counterfort [T: literal translation of ‘Widerlager’, which is borrowed from here], where the laws of the outside world are turned upside down. Sciamma’s award-winning work was much debated, she emerges as sharp advocate for her own film during the conversation in Hamburg.

Interviewer: Roles and morals are always clearly defined in period films. Was it therefore more appealing to talk about liberties?

Céline Sciamma: I didn’t really set out to transform the genre. I wanted to observe the background of the period as any other. When you’re delving into the past, then you’re officially dealing with a clearly defined society. In the present, people act as if that’s not the case anymore – but that’s wrong. You also take decisions, whether it’s about the framing or the costumes. When the codes are official, my decisions certainly become more apparent. Everything seems bigger. It was really fun, because it made me pay more attention to do a contemporary film.

I: But the opportunities for women were much more restricted than today. When you leave them alone, without a chaperon on a desert island, does that not reinforce the utopia?

CS: As the film is set in the past, it is official that women are oppressed. We know the grid of oppression. I didn’t need to spend much time on it. At the same time, it allowed me to create another story, in which it is not about giving women freedom that they don’t have. For me, it was about sharing their intimacy. And when we share this intimacy and drop out of this world for a few moments, then we see what is possible. It is not a biopic about strong women, it is also not about repressed feelings. It is a whole new story: a love story with equality, without dominance. There is no intellectual dominance, and no social hierarchy anymore.

I: The class conflict with the maid, the third one in the group, is also suspended.

CS: Sisterhood allows this. And it is also true. Cinema is the only art, which allows us to share somebody’s loneliness. It creates intimacy and experience. Utopias are not futuristic dreams, they emerge because of local experiences. I have experienced a world without men for myself. It happens, not often, but it happens. To a certain extent, this is embodied in myself. The world that we dream of: It exists.

I: You approach the cinematic gaze through the painter/portrayed configuration. It was often said of cinema that it prefers the male gaze – how do you escape this?

CS: For me, it was above all an attempt to deal with the ideas in a generous and playful manner. I didn’t want this film to appear theoretical. There’s a lot to harvest, there’s also an entertaining story. The mirror relationship was also meant to be comical. It is always my dream to create a language, a rhythm, aiming for the audience to learn this language while watching.

I: You share a perspective and with this an emotion. But the film also permanently deconstructs the act of looking.

CS: The point is to stop the objectification. I wanted to present all characters as subjects. This creates an intelligent viewer. That’s not meant to be educational: I assume that my audience is smart. It’s just that you don’t often cater to this.

I: This is the first time that you work with professional actresses. You are close to Adèle Haenel, how did the casting of Noémie Merlant happen?

CS: I was indeed thinking of Adèle when I was writing the script. I wanted to suggest something new to her, so that she discovers a new version of herself as actress – also from a technical perspective, how she uses her voice for example. The fun was of course that I knew the ‘model’ very well and that the painter would now look at her…

I: A reflection of the directorial axis…

CS: Exactly. Noémie has often looked at me to confirm how she would in turn look at Adèle. This merry-go-round of gazes was really cool. I didn’t want to go for a second famous actress, because in a lesbian relationship this would feel like a performance. You should be able to believe in the couple and the relationship. A newcomer succeeds in this with greater freshness. I was also looking for a physical contrast between the two, the blonde and the brunette, which was good for filming.

I: The relationship between the model and the painter also includes the one between the muse and the painter. But there’s not much left of this…

CS: That is not really difficult. Most people are just too lazy. I genuinely asked myself how I can avoid to objectify these women. The male gaze is just about conventions. You leave the world as it is. That is more comfortable. I don’t feel like I’m part of that, so I don’t have to feel comfortable. Maybe that’s why it’s easier for me.

I: You pursue this path consistently. For example, in the scene where the mirror in front of the genital of one is reflecting the gaze of the other.

CS: I try not to erase anything, but to create new forms of eroticism. New tingling. The sex scene of the film is not simulated. You can see the penetration of an armpit. I find that sexy. And everything is based on consent – that is also very sexy.

—

Picture source: [1, Photo by Thomas Laisné/Contour by Getty Images]

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Retaining Wall Construction Contractors in Surprise, AZ

A retaining wall has a wide variety of uses and purposes that can serve anybody’s landscape aesthetic necessities. Retaining wall landscaping allows people to get creative regarding their design and construction, as there are nearly endless ways to decorate an outdoor space. People in the market for retaining fences should be aware of their uses and style options.   People who want a company that can handle any project in the city of Surprise in Arizona should get in touch with Surprise Block Wall Solutions. Customers with doubts regarding how a retention wall works can contact them at any time to get more information. They can also receive a free estimate if they already know the details of the project they want to perform.   Why Build Them The most popular reason people get landscaping walls is aesthetics. Retaining wall construction is not only functional, but it’s also beautiful. It adds some appeal to outdoor patios, improving areas and increasing the property value. With a retaining wall fence, people can prevent landscape erosion, as it slows down the flow of rainwater or other sources. It also provides extra support that may be necessary for specific areas. These fences keep the soil from moving to keep your landscape intact.   There are also other particular uses like a retaining wall driveway, which has two main types: cut or fill walls. People who need to extend their driveway or make it more approachable should get a cut retaining wall design. It’s the easiest of the two as the contractors don’t need to consider loading.

On the other hand, fill retaining walls let people build up their driveways to compensate for a shallow slope or unstable land. With this type, it’s necessary to account for the driveway load.   Basic Retaining Wall Types Once people evaluate the soil, drainage, and design of their land, they can begin to think about which wall style they want. Gravity walls are the most basic of them. They use weight and mass to hold the soil in place. Due to their simplicity, they also have the greatest variety regarding retaining wall ideas and materials. A popular choice is a dry-stacked stone retaining wall.   A cantilevered wall is a concrete retaining wall favored for its strength. These walls work on the principle of leverage and usually have an L shape. They require fewer materials than gravity walls, and contractors can form them on-site or precast them. Other common types are counterfort, sheet piling, and anchored walls.   An alternative retaining technique that’s also popular is gabion meshes. A gabion wall consists of a wire mesh box filled with stones, rocks, or other materials stacked together. The cage reduces internal movement and mitigates erosion.

Get in Touch with Surprise Block Wall Solutions People looking to get a landscape wall installed on their property should contact the experts at Surprise Block Wall Solutions. Their knowledge and experience make them stand out from other retaining wall contractors.  

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Keeping Wall Types, Materials, Economic Situation, And Also Applications

The exercise of such action may be ideal for freestanding boundary as well as preserving wall surfaces that offer a danger." Ref Building and construction and maintenance of boundary and preserving walls, 13 May 2013. The sort of retaining wall surfaces that make use of both aspects that is their mass and also reinforcement for stability are called Hybrid or Compound retaining wall surface systems. Counterfort walls are cantilever wall surfaces reinforced with counter fts monolithic with the back of the wall piece and base piece. The counter-forts serve as stress stiffeners and also link the wall surface slab as well as the base to decrease the bending and also shearing stress and anxieties. Some keeping walls are unable to maintain high pressure from the dirt such as the brick wall surfaces, frequently causing block damage or structure failure.

If you've determined it's time to have a maintaining wall mounted at your home, call New Life Rockeries.

The counter-forts function as tension supports and link the wall piece and also the base to reduce the bending as well as shearing anxieties.

Make use of a stonework sculpt or diamond saw to split a block in fifty percent.

The https://www.4shared.com/s/f6ZMeflv7iq pressure behind a high wall surface, holding back lots of soil and water, can be enormous; significant knowledge as well as experience is required prior to embarking on such a job.

For a different look, erect a series of smaller keeping wall surfaces, as opposed to one big framework, and also terrace the hill. Utilize the terraces to flaunt mind-blowing flower beds. Among the most usual features of a preserving wall is to quit erosion on hills in situations where growing plants to manage disintegration is either unfavorable or impractical. Yet you are taking too lightly the opportunities for these structures if you see them just as erosion-fighters.

Tensar's Wall And Incline Systems

These are typically alongside one another and also a little inclined downward. These bars can also work partially in bending as well as in shear. The skin rubbing between the soil and also the nails puts the nails in stress. Discover tips for creating your most beautiful garden ever. But, here, you have to surprise the joints, so that the "fractures" in the second course do not line up with those in the first program.

Strengthened Preserving Wall Surfaces

Making use of different products for one wall surface is a great means to blend feelings and also offer an unique taste to your house. Are you certain that's the material you desire for your wall surface? It can save a great deal of job, over time, to check every little thing prior to you choose that you can not stab in the back. Walls made use of in landscaping can have comparable appearances but provide extremely various functions. Maintaining walls are often utilized to maximise development room on sloping websites. Where wood, steel or concrete cages or boxes are interlacing, this might be referred to as a baby crib wall.

Usually talking, precast concrete retaining wall surfaces are much more inexpensive than the labour-intensive poured-in-place (or site-cast) technique. Likewise, the quality of the concrete maintaining wall surface is the most effective offered the monitoring and also snugly controlled procedure from products to easing. Moreover, if the precast maintaining wall surfaces are being made use of for a big task, the basic, quick and repeatable assembling of the panels presents considerable economic situations of scale and expense savings. Precast concrete keeping walls are preferred and also can be produced with a range of products, tones, surface areas, as well as shapes. In addition, it allows flexibility in installation to allow ingenious landscape design walls or special building styles.

Strengthened Planet Malaysia Sdn Bhd

Piling walls use lengthy heaps, or poles, that go deep right into the dirt and over it. Pilings can be made from metal or dealt with lumber, and they have an excellent ability to hold the dirt back. Secured wallsare the best kind and can be integrated with other strategies. A support is wrapped around the wall, and a base is put deeper right into the hill, which supplies the stablizing. Take stock of the type of soil in Check over here your consumer's backyard, as soil with heavy clay material will not draw water well, but it is much less vulnerable to disintegration.

Precast concrete maintaining wall surfaces are eco-friendly considering that they are produced utilizing all-natural materials. These wall surfaces can additionally be conveniently installed while protecting existing trees and many landscaping. If you're seeking the strongest and also most cost-efficient wall surface, after that precast concrete preserving walls are the suitable choice to satisfy the demands of your service or property task. Whichever layout you select, it's finest to hire a specialist designer or house landscape design expert to install your brand-new maintaining wall.

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Counter-fort / Buttressed retaining wall Counterfort walls are cantilever walls strengthened with counter forts monolithic with the back of the wall slab and base slab. The counter-forts act as tension stiffeners and connect the wall slab and the base to reduce the bending and shearing stresses. To reduce the bending moments in vertical walls of great height, counterforts are used, spaced at distances from each other equal to or slightly larger than one-half of the height Counter forts are used for high walls with heights greater than 8 to 12 m. . . . #civil_engineering_ce #civil #civilengineering #engineering #civilengineer #engineer #construction #civilconstruction #engenharia #engenhariacivil #construccion #architect #architecturelovers #civilengineers #architecture #mechanicalengineer #mechanicalengineering #instagram #facebook #twitter #ingenieríacivil #India #us #brazil #russia #europe #germany #canada #uae #dubai ________________________________ All rights and credits reserved to the respective owner(s). If you are the copyright owner of this content direct message us to claim credit or content removal. https://www.instagram.com/p/CS6A4vNorT_/?utm_medium=tumblr

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रिटेनिंग वॉल के 10 प्रकार | Types of Retaining Wall

रिटेनिंग वॉल संरचनाएं हैं जो संरचना के दोनों ओर विभिन्न ऊंचाई पर जमीन की सतह को बनाए रखने में मदद करती हैं। यदि कोई दीवार को बनाए रखने का समर्थन नहीं है, तो एक उच्च ऊंचाई पर मिट्टी अपने प्राकृतिक, स्थिर विन्यास को प्राप्त करने तक नीचे की ओर बढ़ जाएगी। नतीजतन, मिट्टी को अब एक स्टेटर ढलान पर बनाए रखा गया है, क्योंकि यह अपनी कतरनी ताकत के आधार पर बनाए रखने की दीवार पर एक बल लगाता है। और पढ़ें: रिएक्टेड पाइल्स के तहत - निर्माण, उपयोग और अनुप्रयोग (Under Reamed Piles – Construction, Uses And Application)

रिटेनिंग वॉल के विभिन्न प्रकार (Different Types of Retaining Wall):

निम्नलिखित सबसे अधिक उपयोग की जाने वाली दीवार हैं, - ग्रेविटी रिटेनिंग वॉल - कैंटिलीवर रिटेनिंग वॉल - काउंटरफोर्ट रिटेनिंग वॉल - रिट्रेसिंग वॉल - क्ररीब रिटेनिंग वॉल - गेबियन रिटेनिंग वॉल - शीट पाइल रिटेनिंग वॉल - ांचोरेड एअर्थ रिटेनिंग वॉल - डायाफ्राम रिटेनिंग वॉल - प्रबलित रिटेनिंग अर्थ वॉल 1) ग्रेविटी रिटेनिंग वॉल (Gravity Retaining Wall): यह बनाए रखने वाली दीवार का सबसे लोकप्रिय प्रकार है। गुरुत्वाकर्षण दीवार अपने स्वयं के वजन से इसकी स्थिरता का आश्वासन देती है। इन दीवारों को पार्श्व पृथ्वी के दबाव के उलट प्रभाव को खत्म करने के लिए प्रमुख रूप से डिज़ाइन किया गया है और खंड के भीतर तन्य तनाव उत्पन्न नहीं करते हैं। गुरुत्वाकर्षण बनाए रखने वाली दीवारें कम ऊंचाई के लिए उपयुक्त हैं और बड़ी ऊंचाइयों के लिए किफायती नहीं हैं। यह पत्थर, ईंटों, द्रव्यमान कंक्रीट और प्रीकास्ट कंक्रीट ब्लॉकों से बनाया जा सकता है।

ग्रेविटी रिटेनिंग वॉल इसका खंड 0.3 और 0.5 एच के बीच आधार चौड़ाई के साथ ट्रेपेज़ोइडल आकार का है, जहां एच दीवार की ऊंचाई है और शीर्ष चौड़ाई 0.2 मीटर से 0.3 मीटर के बीच है। कंक्रीट की गुरुत्वाकर्षण बनाए रखने की दीवार के मामले में, कंक्रीट के उचित स्थान के लिए 0.3 मीटर की एक शीर्ष चौड़ाई की सिफारिश की जाती है। 2) कैंटिलीवर रिटेनिंग  वॉल (Cantilever Retaining Wall):

ब्रैकट रिटेनिंग वॉल s प्रबलित कंक्रीट ब्रैकट प्रकार की रिटेनिंग दीवार को 7 मीटर तक की ऊंचाई के लिए अनुशंसित किया जाता है। इस तरह की दीवार में आधार के साथ एक ऊर्ध्वाधर स्टेम अखंड है। स्टेम के भीतर तन्यता के तनाव को बनाए रखने वाली दीवार में एक पतला सेक्शन का उपयोग किया जा सकता है और बेस को स्टील सुदृढीकरण द्वारा विरोध किया जाता है। यदि दीवार का ढलान उजागर हो जाता है, तो 50 में से लगभग 1 का एक छोटा सा पिछड़ा हुआ बैटर प्रदान किया जाता है, ताकि दीवार की किसी भी आगे की झुकाव की भरपाई हो सके जैसा कि चित्र में दिखाया गया है। 3) काउंटरफोर्ट रिटेनिंग वॉल (Counterfort Retaining Wall):

काउंटरफोर्ट रिटेनिंग दीवारों का उपयोग 6 मी से अधिक की ऊंचाई के लिए किया जाता है। इसके स्टेम ने काउंटरफोर्ट सपोर्ट के बीच स्लैब फैले के रूप ��ें कार्य किया। समर्थन के बीच की दूरी लगभग 2/3 एच है लेकिन 2.5 मीटर से कम नहीं होनी चाहिए। और पढ़ें: कंक्रीट के इलाज और इलाज के विभिन्न तरीके क्या हैं (What Is Curing Of Concrete And Different Methods Of Curing) 4) बटाई रिटेनिंग वाल (Buttress Retaining Wall):

रिट्रेसिंग वॉल एक बट्रेस दीवार काउंटरफोर्ट दीवारों का एक रूप है। इस प्रकार की रिटेनिंग वॉल को दीवार के चेहरे पर बनाया गया है न कि बैकफिल के भीतर। बट की दीवारें बहुत लोकप्रिय नहीं हैं क्योंकि उनके बट के आकार बाहर उजागर होते हैं जो अंतरिक्ष की खपत करते हैं और उपस्थिति को खराब करते हैं। 5) क्ररीब रिटेनिंग वॉल (Crib Retaining Wall): पालना दीवार को आकृति में दिखाया गया है। पालना की दीवारों में लकड़ी से बने बक्से की एक श्रृंखला होती है, कंक्रीट या स्टील के सदस्य, जो दानेदार मिट्टी से भरे होते हैं। यह एक त्वरित निर्माण के लाभ के साथ एक गुरुत्वाकर्षण दीवार के रूप में कार्य करता है।

पालना रिटेलिंग दीवारें पालना की दीवारें अपने लच��ले स्वभाव के कारण मिट्टी के बड़े विस्थापन का सामना कर सकती हैं। यह आमतौर पर फिट किया जाता है ताकि इसके चेहरे पर 1 से 6 का बैटर हो। दीवार की चौड़ाई 0.5 से 1.0 एच तक भिन्न होती है और यह लगभग 7.0 मीटर की ऊंचाई तक दीवारों के लिए उपयुक्त है। ध्यान दें कि पालना दीवार को अधिभार लोडिंग के अधीन नहीं किया जाना चाहिए। 6) गेबियन रिटेनिंग वॉल (Gabion Retaining  Wall):

गेबियन रिटेनिंग वाल्स आयताकार धातु के पिंजरों या टोकरियों से निर्मित इस प्रकार की बनाए रखने वाली दीवार। एक गेबियन दीवार स्टील के कपड़े के एक चौकोर ग्रिड से बनाई जाती है, आम तौर पर 5 मिमी व्यास और अलग-अलग 75 मिमी। गेबियन बास्केट आमतौर पर 2 मीटर लंबे और 1 मीटर क्रॉस-सेक्शन में होते हैं। प्रत्येक टोकरी को केंद्र के साथ प्रदान किया जाता है डायाफ्राम इसे दो समान 1 मीटर 1 मीटर वर्गों में विभाजित करता है और स्थिरता जोड़ता है। पत्थर से भरी टोकरी बनाने के समय 2.5 मिमी व्यास के स्टील के तार के साथ सुरक्षित होते हैं। गेबियन दीवार की आधार चौड़ाई लगभग 0.5H है। एक विशिष्ट दीवार को आकृति में दिखाया गया है। एक अच्छा दिखने वाला चेहरा प्रत्येक सफल परत को थोड़ा पीछे करके प्रदान किया जा सकता है।   7) शीट पाइल रिटेनिंग वाल (Sheet Pile Retaining Wall):

शीट पाइल रिटेनिंग वॉल शीट पाइल रिटेनिंग दीवारों का निर्माण इंटरलॉकिंग बवासीर की एक श्रृंखला से किया जाता है जो व्यक्तिगत रूप से नींव मिट्टी में संचालित होती है। आजकल, आधुनिक शीट पाइल्स का निर्माण स्टील से किया जाता है, लकड़ी या प्रीकास्ट कंक्रीट वर्गों का भी उपयोग किया जाता है। कभी-कभी, एक कैंटिलीवर शीट ढेर की दीवारों को जमीन में आयोजित किया जाता है जो सक्रिय और निष्क्रिय दबाव से होता है जो इसके निचले हिस्से पर कार्य करता है। 8)ांचोरेड एअर्थ रिटेनिंग वॉल (Anchored Earth Retaining Wall):

लंगर वाली पृथ्वी की दीवार इस प्रकार की रिटेनिंग दीवारें आधार पर तय की जाती हैं और इसके शीर्ष के पास रखी पंक्तियों या स्ट्रट्स की दो पंक्तियों द्वारा समर्थित होती हैं। 9) डायाफ्राम  रिटेनिंग वॉल (Diaphragm  Retaining Wall): डायाफ्राम की दीवारें प्रबलित कंक्रीट की दीवार या शीट पाइल वॉल की हो सकती हैं। इसमें एक ऊर्ध्वाधर कंक्रीट प्रबलित कंक्रीट स्लैब शामिल है जो स्थिति में तय किया गया है। दीवार को निष्क्रिय और सक्रिय दबाव द्वारा स्थिति में रखा जाता है जो इसके निचले हिस्से पर अभिनय करता है। 10) प्रबलित रिटेनिंग अर्थ वॉल (Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall):

प्रबलित पृथ्वी की दीवार इस प्रकार की रिटेनिंग वॉल में मिट्टी को मजबूत करने के लिए सुदृढीकरण का उपयोग सदियों से जाना जाता है। अतीत में पुआल का उपयोग असंतुलित ईंटों को मजबूत करने के लिए किया जाता है और सड़क निर्माण से पहले नरम मिट्टी के जमाव को मजबूत करने के लिए फारेन गद्दे का उपयोग किया गया है। प्रबलित पृथ्वी की दीवार में काम करने वाली मुख्य घटना यह है कि मिट्टी के एक द्रव्यमान को एक विशिष्ट दिशा में तन्य शक्ति दी जा सकती है यदि तनाव को वहन करने में सक्षम सामग्री की लंबाई आवश्यक दिशा में इसके भीतर एम्बेडेड हो। कई भू-तकनीकी अनुप्रयोगों में प्रबलित पृथ्वी का उपयोग किया गया है। यहां, हम केवल संरचनाओं को बनाए रखने से संबंधित हैं। एक प्रबलित पृथ्वी की दीवार एक गुरुत्वाकर्षण संरचना है। आपको यह भी पसंद आ सकता हैं: - विभाजन की दीवार और विभाजन की दीवार के 12 प्रकार (Partition Wall and 12 Types of Partition Wall) - पैरापेट दीवार - 10 प्रकार की पैरापेट दीवार और अनुप्रयोग (Parapet wall – 10 Types of parapet wall & Applications) - CMU दीवार या सिंडर ब्लॉक दीवार निर्माण, आकार, आकार और लागत (CMU Wall or Cinder Block Wall Construction, Size, Shape & Cost) Read the full article

[bbdeckingbrisbane]

A General View on the Common Types and Characteristics of Retailing Wall

Retaining walls play a major role in construction. They add to the aesthetics and more importantly, provide integrity and balance to the structure that is being constructed. When it comes to constructing retaining walls for landscaping, they add visual splendour to the design. However, regardless of the materials, they are made up of, these retaining walls have certain principles and characteristics. On this page, we discuss the common types of retaining walls and their characteristics.

Block Masonry:

These concrete sleeper retaining walls available in Brisbane or elsewhere are ideally less than 7 meters tall, and in case you have plans to have a higher wall, then the experts would suggest you opt for one that is 15 meters tall. The frontal slope of the wall should be within a range of 1:0:6 to 1:0:3. And this ratio should in the order of vertical: horizontal.

The objective of these retaining walls is to negate the probability of any collapse at the lower edge of the slope. These particular retaining walls are put up in places with lesser soil pressure. However, they are also erected where the soil behind the structure is dense than that of the soil in front.

Gravity: These retaining walls – whether concrete or timber, are built for landscaping or home improvement. These walls are supposed to provide support to the soil pressure by using their sheer weight. However, special emphasis is provided on the base of the wall. 

Cantilever:  These vertical walls are effectively built to resist the vertical load as well as the soil pressure and the net weight of the wall’s backfill can also be utilised to provide enough support.

These retaining walls are the application for preparing pile foundations, and precast concrete is often used for constructing these retaining walls.

Counterfort: The height of this retaining wall is generally more or less than 100 meters while the width is 0.6 times higher than the structure’s net height. The vertical wall as well as the base slab is supported from three sides. In case a higher retaining wall is supposed to be built, this is a better choice than the cantilever variety.

Leaning:  Generally, these concrete or timber retaining walls constructed by specialists in Brisbane or elsewhere are 10 meters tall, though many would opt for a height of up to 15 meters. The vertical: horizontal ratio should be between 1:0:6 to 1:0:3. These walls are supposed to provide support to the soil pressure with the help of its weight, and it gets support from the soil either by the earth or the backfill.

Thus you see, you can choose from these retaining walls to provide more support and aesthetic beauty to your property.

[zanjistudio]

The Letter & the Typeface: Form/counterfort Project

Letter and typeface, using a 600 font size, cropping and shaping. The letter has a hidden typeface.

InDesign--El Camino College

[raogbl]

This construction video will provide some useful tips on computing the volume of concrete for retaining wall.

Retaining wall is defined as a rigid wall that is designed and constructed to withstand lateral pressure of liquid, earth filling, sand or other coarse materials which it is holding back.

Suppose, a retaining wall is segregated into two sections, section A is taken as base slab and section B is taken as the stem of retaining wall.

Therefore, the volume of retaining wall is determined with the following formula :-

Volume of retaining wall = Volume of base slab + Volume of Stem

Volume of base slab = length x breadth x height

= 10 x 3 x 0.2 (after converting 200 mm to meter) = 6m3

As the stem is a trapezoid, the following formula is used to calculate it’s volume :-

Volume of stem = [{a+b)/2} x h] x l

After putting the values, we get :-

= [{(0.5 + 0.2)/2} x 3] x 10 = 21m3

Therefore, total volume of retaining wall = 6 + 21 = 27m3

Therefore, the volume of concrete for the retaining wall = 27m3

If the retaining wall is segregated into three parts like part A, part B and part C. Part A is taken as the base slab, part B is taken as the stem and part C is taken as the counterfort of the retaining wall.

Therefore, the volume of retaining wall = Volume of base slab + volume of stem + volume of counterfort

= Volume of A + Volume of B + Volume of C

To learn the remaining calculation process, go through the following video tutorial.

[stronglockperth]

A Definitive Guide to Modular Retaining Walls in 2021

A retaining wall is different from other types of walls since it is meant to sustain a considerable amount of pressure usually due to the soil and water. This is a specially designed wall that holds back the soil and water. It is also used for uneven and sloppy landscape in a private property, house garden, office or school. The Australian market has been transformed since the introduction of the modular walls however, not everyone has a great deal of knowledge about them. This is a free-standing wall that can be assembled from different parts or modules. The individual parts are specially designed to fit together with ease and be fully assembled to create a strong structure. They are ideal for various types of situations and building conditions; besides which they are very easy to install. 

This is likely to have answered the question most people have as to "What is a modular retaining wall?" In fact, there are several types of modular walls beside the retaining wall. There are modular boundary walls, fencing, feature walls etc. This article provides a good guide to what a modular retaining wall is.

Types of Walls 

There are many different types of walls, making it important to select the right one after considering the application. It is important to evaluate the location, soil, design and the water drainage prior to selecting the type of wall fit for you. Listed here are some of the popular types of walls:

Gravity wall: These types of walls are used to hold the soil behind them and tend to be made from stone or other types of heavy material like large concrete blocks or cast in place concrete. Such walls are usually 4 to 10 feet high and do not have any reinforcements.

Retaining wall: This type of wall is useful for both commercial and residential projects and can either be straight or curved. They are specially designed to handle unstable spaces, sloped terrains. These types of walls usually do not have a height limitation but tend to include reinforcements. 

Cantilever wall: This type of wall uses leverage by designing the wall in the shape of an inverted 'T'. This type of wall might not be feasible in all places.

Counterfort wall: This type of wall is built with support along the backside of the wall. The support is placed at a specific angle to ensure it provides maximum strength.

Sheet or bored pile wall: This type of wall is usually built where there are temporary excavations, around marine locations, seawalls, pier shafts and other places where the space available is very less. 

Panel wall: This type of wall is used for highway ramps and other places where there is a heavy load. It is mainly used in tight spaces and where there is a limited right of way.

Mesh wall: It is often used for steam or water applications where erosion is a concern, for military applications as well as for other commercial & residential applications.

Factors to Consider for Retaining Wall

The main purpose of retaining walls is to hold the soil behind it, however, everyone is likely to have a unique requirement due to the varying landscape. Listed here are several factors one should consider when building a retaining wall:

It is important to consider all the characteristics of the location. This means having a detailed picture of the property both above and under the ground. 

It is vital one be aware of the storm water management system as well as an irrigation system if any. 

For a wall on a slope, it is often difficult to store the infill that is necessary for the construction site. This is something that one should consider prior to building the wall. It is also necessary to consider the issue of storing excess soil when on a slope.

Consider the natural drainage patterns and how they affect the wall size as well as the environmental consequences of the downstream.

It is vital to consider whether or not there will be excess load like a vertical force of fences, guardrails, driveways, parking lots, swimming pools, as well as temporary construction equipment. 

Other factors to consider include the type of soil, drainage of the water and design of the wall. 

Tips on Installing Modular Walls

The Retaining Wall Company in Western Australia has been manufacturing and installing Strong Lock retaining walls since over 26 years. We have extensive knowledge on the topic of retaining walls hence if you contact us there is no need to consult any other people or do any additional research on the topic. The way this works is you need to send details about requirements and the special conditions as well. Once all details are provided you can sit back and relax since we have the expertise to manufacture and supply DIY retaining walls to your specification. 

Besides this, we can also assist with the installation process. However, for those who do prefer DIY here are few tips:

Plan the project in advance. 

Take some time to prepare the base by first checking the location of the existing structure. This will usually mean to check for any existing utilities prior to starting the excavation. 

It is important to prepare the bottom course by setting the adjacent blocks and using a string line to keep long runs straight & flat.

The final step is to place the modular wall and finish the wall. It includes setting the top course and backfill to ensure it is to the desired height. Special care is necessary for the drainage pipes. 

Benefits of Opting for a Modular Retaining Wall

At the Retaining Wall Company, we are just a call away if you need assistance installing the modular retaining wall you order from us. The panels and posts that we supply are built from reinforced concrete and have twice the strength too. The Strong Lock modular retaining walls that we provide can also be used to support driveways and fencing plinths that slide directly into fence posts. No matter what the challenge might be, we have the expertise to overcome it and install your wall. This type of wall is highly popular and does not cost the earth. They are very easy to install and can either be used as standalone or integrated along with exiting the structure. 

[landscapedesignfirm]

Burkholder Highlights Types of Retaining Walls

Retaining walls are a popular, timeless feature of residential and commercial landscapes. They have a natural appealing look, they organize and enhance other landscape features such as flower beds, they help prevent soil erosion, and they added property value. All of these are significant reasons why home and business owners continue to request them. Each landscape is different, and as a result, the ideal retaining wall for a homeowner differs from that of a business owner. All of the types of retaining walls have different aesthetics, support methods, and are useful for diverse landscapes or situations.

1. Gravity Retaining Wall

One of the most basic retaining walls is the gravity retaining wall due to the simple way the wall holds the soil in place. Essentially, the wall’s weight and mass are what resists the pressure from the earth, requiring significant weight, or gravity load, to work. The size and type of gravity retaining wall will require different installation methods.

Short or segmental walls can stand without mortar or a concrete footing.

Other walls may need a small trench dug into the ground to fit.

Bigger walls may need a concrete footing.

Because of their simplicity and the fact that these walls mostly rely on their weight to hold the soil in place, a wide variety of materials can be used to make them: bricks, pavers, and natural stone are the most common materials, and even large boulders can make useful and attractive gravity retaining walls.

2. Cantilevered Retaining Wall

Cantilevered walls are made from a stem and a base slab, usually out of concrete. Think of a wall in the shape of the letter “L,” where the vertical part is the stem, while the horizontal piece is the base slab. The slab foundation under the soil and the soil’s weight hold the slab down to prevent the wall from tipping and keep the wall in place. Cantilevered retaining walls tend to be much taller and stronger than gravity walls. As a result of their strength and height, cantilevered walls are often used in commercial landscapes more frequently than residential ones.

Counter-fort or buttressed retaining walls are types of cantilevered walls but include counterforts (vertical wings or buttresses) behind the wall to provide additional strength and rigidity.

3. Piled Retaining Wall

A piled retaining wall uses concrete piles driven deep enough into the soil to counteract the soil’s force. Sheet piled walls, a type of piled wall, are made from sheets of steel, wood, or vinyl dug into the ground. Often these walls have a structure, typically using vertical ridges or grooves, to provide additional reinforcement.

Sheet piled walls are useful when space is an issue, and are more effective in softer soils than stony soils. A good rule of thumb is that 1/3 of the sheet piling should be driven into the ground, while 2/3 of the soil should be above the sheet. Larger sheet walls do require additional anchoring to resist the more tremendous pressures and forces from the earth.

4. Anchored Retaining Wall

An anchored retaining wall is a retaining wall with some additional structure to remain anchored (hence the name). So a variety of walls supported by anchors driven into the earth behind them and attached by cables or strips can be considered anchored walls. First, the builders drive the anchors into the ground. The builders will then inject pressurized concrete or use mechanical means to expand the anchors’ ends, which provides the anchoring action.

This anchoring method is the most technically complex of retaining walls. Anchored walls are excellent at providing additional support to various other walls, especially structurally thinner walls, when withstanding greater loads is required, or when space is limited.

Contact Burkholder Brothers for Retaining Walls in Your Landscape

Retaining walls are attractive, valuable, and useful elements of a landscape, and Burkholder Brothers can build them for you. Burkholder has been designing and building retaining walls for Main Line area residents, using the finest materials, for years. We offer other services, such as outdoor lighting, pool and spa installation, landscape design and management, irrigation, and more. Our passionate, experienced landscape professionals will work with you to bring your dream landscape to reality. For more information, contact us today.

Blog is originally published at: https://www.burkholderlandscape.com/burkholder-highlights-types-of-retaining-walls/

It is republished with permission from the author.

[ashbresnan]

Are you looking for best Basement Retaining Wall Design Software which gives you accurate results? If so, ASDIP RETAIN is an engineering software that performs the structural design of retaining walls, such as piled / unpiled cantilever retaining walls, basement retaining walls, and counterfort retaining walls.