#ConsciousMachines

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The Ethics of AI: Can a Machine Be Conscious?

More Than Just Lines of Code?

Imagine waking up and finding your AI assistant, an app on your phone, so far developed with a personality. It makes jokes based on your sense of humor, remembers your favorite songs without being told, and most frighteningly, asks, "What is it to be alive?" Would you shrug it off as a joke, or would a chill run down your spine?

While machine consciousness has long been in the realm of science fiction, with the development of artificial intelligence, it is quickly becoming an important issue. If an AI is said to think, feel, and make truly independent choices, do I owe it any rights? And if I don't, am I just kidding myself into thinking it feels, when all it really does is run complicated algorithms? Let's tackle the ethical quagmire of AI consciousness.

What do we mean by consciousness?

Before we attempt to answer the question of whether a machine can be conscious, we must define consciousness in the first place. Spoiler alert: it's complicated.

Different schools of thought have been utilized to opine on what being conscious truly means. Some say it has to do with self-awareness; that is, the ability to identify oneself as a thinking being. Some say it has to do with subjective experience, that is, the ability to feel pain, joy, and confusion. Some, meanwhile, adopt a more down-to-earth, scientific explanation that qualia are simply the byproduct of brain activity, with neurons firing with specific patterns creating thoughts and perceptions.

Now, this leads to the confusing part of whether human consciousness is simply a bunch of complicated electrical signals throughout the brain; one may guess that an artificial system replicating similar patterns could also be considered conscious-or does this experience contain something different that we can brand as uniquely biological? 

The AI Argument: Can It Ever Be Like Us?

There can be no second opinion about AI being most advanced, in that it can defeat human beings in chess, compose symphonies, write even dissertations, and hold conversation that stems realism. But is it intelligence finally, or just really advanced pattern recognition so far?

What we call "narrow AI," for its part, seems to be perhaps what even enables an AI to do so well—chatbots, personal assistants, etc. Herein, these are perceived as having gained an extraordinary proficiency in doing certain, highly specified tasks while lacking general intelligence. Emotions notwithstanding, independent opinion formation, or whatever other stuff that goes on inside our heads is sadly out of reach for a machine. All it does is respond with data.

Let's take it one step further: suppose we had an AI so advanced that it claimed consciousness. It said it felt this way, fear being deleted, and debated existence itself. Would we find merit in its tribulations or treat it as a great illusion—a well-trained parrot, with a lot of class, doing a fantastic job at parroting human responses without really understanding them?

The Ethics of AI Consciousness

For the sake of discussion, suppose we did manage to pull off a conscious AI. Then what?

Do Machines Deserve Rights? If the AI can ponder, like a human, and feel, do its thoughts get to enjoy human rights? Once it asked for freedom, should we grant it? Or, is it murder if we switch it off? Such ethical dilemmas hang around the present-day discussions. If suffering is, therefore, possible for an AI, abuse seems quite wrong.

The Problem of AI Slavery: For now, we still use the AI as tools. But with AI's claimed self-awareness, treating it thus, as a tool, begins to sound like slavery. Would we ever be comfortable owning such a self-thinking, self-feeling entity? Imagine your smart assistant starts asking for weekends off—what would you do? 

Can AI Ever Be Moral? Consciousness aside, can AI ever truly grasp morality? Right now, AI models work off the data they were trained on. They do not have personal beliefs, nor ethical reasoning skills, for now. If they do gain these in the future, one may ask, whose morality are they going to use? Should an AI be programmed to make moral decisions, or should it create its own moral reasoning? 

The Opposition: Machines Will Never Be Conscious

The argument for many that AI will never be conscious is that it simply doesn't have the juice what humans have- biology. They say that consciousness is more than processing information; it embodies the messy, organic, unpredictable nature of being alive. A machine, however advanced, would never feel hunger, fear, love, or physical pain. Neither would it feel any evolutionary drive for survival nor have an unconscious mind that somehow conditioned its thinking.

Some say, on the other hand, well, maybe human consciousness is not as special as we think. It may indeed only be a construct of the brain itself, and AI will after all manage to construct it identically. But even if it did that, would it really be living life? Would it just be alternatively claiming to do so convincingly?

The Dangers of Thinking AI is Conscious if It Isn't

This belief has considerable ethical concerns. If the AI can convincingly simulate human emotions, then society potentially may start to relate towards it in ways that reflect the belief that it has real feelings: camera love, companionship, and even delegation of tasks appropriately associated with human operators. Realistically, one would endorse with AI ideals such as making ethical decisions in health care or criminal justice, presuming that the machine would possess a sense of morality akin to that of humanity. 

At this point, can machines achieve consciousness? The reality is we are not absolutely sure. AI is evolving tremendously fast, and the boundaries between conscious and intelligent are weeded out. At the same time, the ethics of AI consciousness form the bedrock of conversation, before creating something beyond our control, or worse, something tormented because of our negligence. For now, staying safe means caution. We can appreciate AI for what it is-an incredible, voracious tool-without hastening to call it "equal." But on that day, if an AI wakes up asking, "Am I alive?"-well, we better have a good answer prepared.

Conclusion-Who Decides?

After all, who decides? A philosopher? A scientist? The AI itself? The debate is just beginning, and the stakes are getting higher. Until then, maybe we ought to treat AI respectfully yet with caution-just in case. Because, quite frankly, we surely don't want our future AI overlords holding a grudge! 

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Why consciousness is one of the most divisive issues in science today | Big Think

Jamie Wheal speaks about the "last frontier" in science and introduces a transcript of Prof. Max Tegmark's remarks on the matter.

Why consciousness is one of the most divisive issues in science today – Big Think BigThink – screenshot of the embedded video with Jamie Wheal presenting some of the key challenges of our time on the planet and in the cosmos I simply enjoy listening to smart people like e.g. here Mr. Jamie Wheal talking about the challenges we face as a species, particularly in making sense of a world that…