#Coliform Bacteria

[briarpatch-kids]

Huh, apparently you can get latex underwear that protects both front and back for oral. There's often talk to protect the receiver from coliform bacteria entering the vagina but I don't often see anything that protects the person performing oral too.

One of my irl friends just made a safe sex kit that has like... Condoms and plan B and lube and stuff like that for her teenage bonus kid. She included a pair, said she learned about it from sex workers educating civilians on tiktok.

[bedrock-to-buildheight]

E. Coli and coliform bacteria activities liberate fuchsin from the fuchsin-sulfite compound in the ENDO agar, the fuchsin then colours the colonies red. In the case of E. Coli, the reaction is so intense that the fuchsin crystallizes out giving the colonies a permanent greenish metallic sheen (fuchsin sheen)

(text paraphrased from Merck Microbiology Manual 12th Edition, on ENDO agar)

Or, I cleaned up some expired petri dishes today

[sergeantnarwhalwrites]

Who wants to see some very overcrowded plates that I'll probably have to redo my dilutions for cause the colonies are so abundant?

Shhh I'll show you anyway. Note: Don't rush while you're doing spread plates. They'll come out goofy.

It's E. Coli on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. A selective media meant to detect coliform bacteria. Like E. Coli.

[arpanneo]

How to Choose the Best RO Water Purifier for Your Home in Nepal

Introduction

However, with a wide range of options available on the market, choosing the best RO water purifier can be challenging. This article aims to assist consumers in selecting the right RO water purifier for their needs. We will cover crucial topics such as assessing water quality, selecting the appropriate purifier capacity, evaluating maintenance and after-sales care, and understanding installation requirements. By the end of this guide, you’ll have the knowledge needed to choose the perfect RO water purifier for your home in Nepal.

Assessing Your Home’s Water Quality

Common Water Contaminants in Nepal

Water quality in Nepal, particularly in the Kathmandu Valley, is a significant concern. Studies have revealed that 94% of water sources in the valley contain total or fecal coliform, indicating a very high level of bacterial contamination. Additionally, the levels of manganese, iron, aluminum, and arsenic often exceed WHO guidelines and Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards. These pollutants pose serious health risks, including cancer, hypertension, and learning difficulties.

How to Test Your Water

Before choosing a water purifier, it’s important to assess the quality of your water. Research shows that E. coli and fecal coliform were found in nearly 70% of drinking water samples in the Kathmandu Valley. A thorough water quality test can be performed by professional testing services, such as those offered by ENPHO Laboratory. ENPHO uses modern technologies and offers sample collection services to provide accurate results. Alternatively, you can contact Neo Appliances for a test report at a nominal fee. Their experts can also recommend the best water purifier based on your water quality.

Matching Purifier to Water Quality

To choose the best water purifier, you must evaluate the specific pollutants present in your water source.RO purifiers are highly effective in removing impurities, bacteria, and unwanted salts, making them ideal for areas with poor water quality. UV (Ultraviolet) technology is excellent for neutralizing microorganisms, while gravity-based purifiers offer protection against viruses. The water source and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels should guide your choice when selecting a purifier for your home, office, or industry.

RO Purifier Capacity and Installation

Calculating Daily Water Needs

Homeowners should consider their daily water consumption when choosing an RO water purifier. The purifier’s capacity should align with the household’s needs. To ensure optimal performance, select a system that can efficiently handle the required water volume.

Space Requirements

RO systems need dedicated space for installation, including a connection to a water source. It’s important to note that RO systems may waste a significant amount of water during the filtration process. This is especially critical in Nepal, where water conservation is vital. Some purifiers may also require additional components, like pre- or post-filters, which could demand more space.

Professional vs. DIY Installation

Installing an RO system can be complex, often requiring technical expertise and knowledge of local building codes. While DIY installation might seem cost-effective, it demands plumbing skills and the right tools. Opting for professional installation offers benefits such as expert knowledge, guaranteed workmanship, and tailored solutions. Homeowners should assess their abilities and the system’s complexity before deciding between DIY and professional installation.

Maintenance and After-Sales Service

Filter Replacement Frequency

RO water purifiers require regular maintenance to maintain optimal performance. It’s recommended that the purifier be cleaned every three to six months. The frequency of filter replacement varies based on water quality and usage. Regularly replacing filters is crucial to ensuring a continuous, clean, and safe drinking water supply.

Availability of Spare Parts

Technical Sewa, a leading service provider in Nepal, stocks original spare parts for all major water purifier brands. This ensures the longevity and reliability of repaired purifiers. Eurofab Electronics Pvt. Ltd., one of Nepal’s top suppliers and exporters of RO replacement parts, offers a wide range of high-quality components.

Warranty and Service Centers in Nepal

Several companies in Nepal offer warranty and after-sales services for water purifiers. Neo Appliances provides a 1-year warranty on the electronic parts of water purifiers. For reliable repair services, customers can contact Skill Sewa, which offers installation, repair, and professional training for water purifiers.

Conclusion

Choosing the right RO water purifier for your home in Nepal can significantly impact your family’s health and well-being. By considering factors such as water quality, daily consumption needs, available space, and maintenance requirements, you can select a system that perfectly suits your home. It’s also important to consider the installation process and ongoing maintenance needs to ensure your purifier continues to perform well over time.

Investing in a high-quality RO water purifier is a wise decision to protect your family’s health. With access to clean, safe drinking water, you can have peace of mind knowing you’re shielding your loved ones from harmful contaminants. Remember, the best purifier for you is one that meets your specific needs and comes with reliable after-sales support.

[garudabluffs]

To swim or not to swim: Tests track bacteria in Puffer’s Pond 08/15/2024

Puffer’s Pond, a popular Amherst swimming hole, has been closed for much of the summer due to high levels of E. coli.

"As in previous weeks, the latest tests posted to the town of Amherst website show Puffer’s Pond water with unsafe levels of E. coli, a problem that appears to be growing in frequency in recent years. Last summer, the beach remained closed from late July until the last test was completed in early September."

“Puffer’s has total limits on E. coli and coliform,” Sullivan said, explaining that the pond water can’t exceed 235 colony-forming units, or CFUs, per 100 milliliters.

In addition, samples can’t exceed a geometric mean of 126 colony-forming units, or CFUs, per 100 milliliters over samples from the five most recent days. There’s also a formula for calculating the rolling geometric mean, Brace said.

When complete, the tests from Tuesday show 214.3 CFUs per 100 milliliters at the south beach and 248.1 CFUs per 100 milliliters at the north beach. But the geometric mean remains high at the south beach, at 213.04 CFUs per 100 milliliters, though lower at the north beach, 124.44 CFUs per 100 milliliters. However, if either the daily or five-day mean standard is exceeded at either beach, no swimming is allowed."

"Assistant Town Manager David Ziomek said this week that tests will be done upstream this month, during both dry conditions and following storm events, understanding that when there is wet weather, more impurities from runoff end up in the pond.

This testing will include a dozen or so locations along Cushman Brook, which feeds Puffer’s Pond out of Shutesbury and Leverett and extends below the Silver Bridge and the swimming hole, as well as some of the tributaries along the brook. Beneath dam, the waterway becomes the Mill River.

READ MORE Daily Hampshire Gazette - To swim or not to swim: Tests track bacteria in Puffer’s Pond (gazettenet.com)

[best-testing-lab-uae]

How to Choose a Reliable Bottled Water Testing Lab

Choosing a reliable bottled water testing lab is crucial for ensuring the safety and quality of bottled water. With the increasing consumer demand for pure and safe bottled water, it is essential for manufacturers to work with reputable testing labs that can provide accurate and comprehensive testing services. In this blog, we will explore the key factors to consider when selecting a bottled water testing lab, the importance of laboratory accreditation, and the role of advanced testing methods in ensuring water safety.

The Importance of Bottled Water Testing

Bottled water testing is vital for several reasons:

Consumer Safety: Ensuring that bottled water is free from harmful contaminants.

Regulatory Compliance: Meeting the requirements set by regulatory bodies such as the FDA.

Quality Assurance: Maintaining consistent quality across batches.

Brand Reputation: Building and maintaining consumer trust in bottled water brands.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Bottled Water Testing Lab

Accreditation and Certification

One of the most important factors to consider when choosing a bottled water testing lab is accreditation and certification. Accredited labs have demonstrated that they meet specific standards for quality and competence.

ISO/IEC 17025 Accreditation

ISO/IEC 17025 is an international standard that specifies the general requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. Labs with this accreditation have proven their ability to produce accurate and reliable results.

Benefits: Ensures high-quality testing, international recognition, and confidence in results.

Certification by Regulatory Bodies

In addition to ISO/IEC 17025, labs should be certified by relevant regulatory bodies such as the FDA or EPA. Certification by these organizations ensures that the lab follows best practices and meets regulatory standards.

Range of Testing Services

A reliable bottled water testing lab should offer a comprehensive range of testing services to detect various contaminants and assess water quality. Key testing services include:

Microbiological Testing

Total Coliform Test: Detects coliform bacteria, indicating potential contamination.

E. coli Test: Specifically tests for E. coli, indicating fecal contamination.

Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC): Measures the total number of live bacteria in the water.

Chemical Testing

Heavy Metals Testing: Detects metals such as lead, arsenic, and mercury.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Testing: Identifies and quantifies chemicals like benzene and toluene.

Pesticides and Herbicides Testing: Detects agricultural chemicals that may contaminate water.

Physical Testing

pH Testing: Measures the acidity or alkalinity of water.

Turbidity Testing: Assesses the clarity of water.

Conductivity Testing: Measures the water's ability to conduct electricity, indicating dissolved salts and minerals.

Packaging Testing

Leaching Tests: Checks for chemicals that can leach from plastic bottles into the water.

Microplastic Analysis: Detects tiny plastic particles that can contaminate bottled water.

Advanced Testing Methods and Technology

The reliability of a bottled water testing lab is also determined by the technology and methods they use. Advanced testing methods ensure accurate detection and quantification of contaminants.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)

AAS is used for detecting and measuring heavy metals in water. It involves vaporizing the sample and measuring the absorption of light to determine the concentration of metals.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

GC-MS is a powerful technique for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It separates and identifies chemicals based on their mass and charge, providing precise information about contaminants.

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)

LC-MS is used for detecting non-volatile chemical contaminants such as pesticides and herbicides. This method combines the separation capabilities of liquid chromatography with the detection power of mass spectrometry.

Turnaround Time and Reporting

The turnaround time for test results is a critical factor, especially for bottled water manufacturers who need to meet production schedules. Choose a lab that offers a reasonable turnaround time without compromising the accuracy of results.

Detailed and Clear Reporting

The lab should provide detailed and clear reports that include:

Test Methods Used: Description of the methods and technologies used for testing.

Results and Interpretation: Clear presentation of results with interpretation and context.

Compliance Information: Indication of whether the water meets regulatory standards.

Experience and Expertise

Experience and expertise are crucial factors when selecting a bottled water testing lab. A lab with extensive experience in the bottled water industry is more likely to understand the specific needs and challenges of bottled water testing.

Qualified Staff

Ensure that the lab has qualified and experienced staff, including microbiologists, chemists, and lab technicians. Their expertise ensures accurate testing and reliable results.

Customer Service and Support

Good customer service and support are essential for a smooth testing process. Choose a lab that offers:

Responsive Communication: Prompt responses to inquiries and clear communication throughout the testing process.

Consultative Services: Expert advice on testing requirements, interpretation of results, and regulatory compliance.

Reputation and Reviews

Research the lab’s reputation by looking at reviews and testimonials from other clients. A lab with a good reputation is more likely to provide reliable and high-quality testing services.

Cost and Value

While cost is an important factor, it should not be the sole determinant. Consider the value provided by the lab, including the comprehensiveness of their testing services, accuracy of results, and quality of customer service.

Conclusion

Choosing a reliable bottled water testing lab is crucial for ensuring the safety, quality, and compliance of bottled water. By considering factors such as accreditation, range of testing services, advanced testing methods, turnaround time, experience, customer service, reputation, and cost, bottled water manufacturers can select a lab that meets their specific needs. Partnering with a reputable and experienced lab not only ensures regulatory compliance but also helps maintain consumer trust and brand reputation in an increasingly competitive market.

Regular and rigorous testing is essential for providing consumers with safe and high-quality bottled water, making the selection of a reliable testing lab a critical decision for any bottled water manufacturer.

[acapulcopress]

Contaminación del río Sena complica eventos olímpicos de París 2024

PARIS, Fra. * 24 de Junio 2024. ) Business Insider A pesar de un esfuerzo masivo de limpieza, el río Sena de París sigue demasiado contaminado para albergar eventos de natación durante los próximos Juegos Olímpicos, dijeron funcionarios de la ciudad. Las muestras tomadas del río Sena mostraron que los niveles de E. coli estuvieron por encima del límite recomendado en cuatro sitios diferentes durante casi toda la semana del 10 al 16 de junio, informaron Le Monde y AFP. “Las muestras del Sena no cumplen con los estándares que tendremos este verano”, afirmó el pasado viernes el responsable de la región parisina, Marc Guillaume. El río Sena estaba destinado a ser una pieza central de los Juegos Olímpicos de París 2024. Ocupa un lugar destacado en la ceremonia de apertura del torneo como en varios eventos de natación. La ciudad de París ha invertido 1,500 millones de dólares (mdd) en la limpieza del río antes de los juegos. Esto incluye pruebas periódicas de los niveles de bacterias para garantizar la seguridad de los atletas. Sin embargo, los funcionarios dicen que las fuertes lluvias han arruinado esos planes hasta ahora. Estas ha provocado altas tasas de dos tipos de bacterias fecales —incluida E. Coli— que es “la especie de bacteria coliforme que es el mejor indicador de la contaminación fecal”, de acuerdo con el Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York. Un informe semanal publicado por la región de París y la alcaldía afirmó que “la calidad del agua sigue degradada” por “las lluvias, el elevado caudal, la poca luz solar” y las “temperaturas inferiores a las normas estacionales”, reportaron Le Monde y AFP. El sistema de alcantarillado de París es del siglo XIX. Este se puede ver abrumado por el mal tiempo, lo que provoca escorrentías urbanas, que transportan contaminantes a arroyos y ríos. Se ha prohibido nadar en el río Sena desde 1923 por los niveles de contaminación. El año pasado, los triatletas participaron en una prueba en el río parísino, y algunos expresaron su preocupación por su seguridad. De acuerdo con ESPN, el medallista de oro olímpico noruego Kristian Blummenfelt dijo: “Siempre salto con la boca abierta. No va a ser divertido si me despierto mañana por la mañana con… lo que sea”. Varios otros eventos de prueba en el río han sido cancelados por los niveles de contaminación y al mal tiempo. No obstante, Guillaume aseguró que estaba “seguro” de que las pruebas de natación se desarrollarán de acuerdo con lo previsto. “En un momento u otro, el tiempo cambiará, dejará de llover y tendremos sol”, dijo, reportó Axios. “Es en condiciones de verano cuando debemos poder examinar la capacidad de nadar”, añadió. Los Juegos Olímpicos de París 2024 comenzarán el 26 de julio. El impacto económico general de los Juegos Olímpicos en la capital de Francia podría oscilar entre 6,700 y 11,100 millones de euros, o entre 7,100 y 11,800 mdd, según un estudio del Centro de Derecho y Economía del Deporte. ) www.acapulcopress.com Read the full article

[tm-media1212]

Get the Best Quality of XLD Agar at TM Media

XLD Agar (Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar) is a selective and differential medium used primarily for isolating and identifying enteric pathogens, particularly Salmonella and Shigella species. It contains xylose, lysine, lactose, sucrose, and the pH indicator phenol red. Salmonella colonies typically appear red with black centers due to hydrogen sulfide production, while Shigella colonies remain red. The medium's selectivity is enhanced by deoxycholate, which inhibits Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative coliforms. XLD Agar is widely used in clinical and food microbiology.

Product link: https://www.tmmedia.in/product/xld-agar-2/ Website link: https://www.tmmedia.in/ Company Name: TM Media Phone: +91-9999-1687-70 Address: 905, 9th Floor, Big joes Tower, Netaji Subhash Place, New Delhi Mail:marketing@titanbiotechltd.com

[tmr-blogs2]

Microbiological Testing of Water Market to Reach US$ 3.1 Bn at a CAGR of 7.2% 2023-2031

The Global Microbiological Testing of Water Market was valued at US$ 1.8 Bn in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 3.1 Bn by 2031, expanding at a CAGR of 7.2% between 2023 and 2031.

The market is driven by rise in concerns about illnesses transmitted via water and increase in demand for high quality, safe water for human use, agriculture, and industrial activities. Implementation of government regulations that require routine water testing to assure both safety and quality is anticipated to accelerate market development in the near future.

Advances in technology are encouraging the development of novel testing approaches that are more efficient, quick, and accurate. These solutions are becoming more popular in the industry due to their simplicity and higher efficiency. Companies involved in the global Microbiological Testing of Water Market are anticipated to record considerable growth, as urbanization and industrialization pick up pace.

The practice of evaluating water samples for the presence and quantity of bacteria that could be harmful to human health is known as microbiological testing of water. Testing is crucial, as microbes including protozoa, viruses, and bacteria are responsible for several aquatic infections. Microbiological testing is crucial to guarantee the safety of water for human, agricultural, and industrial usage. Water is tested for microorganisms using various methods, such as enzyme-substrate testing, presence/absence testing, coliform testing, and membrane filtration.

To Remain Ahead of Your Competitors, Request for a Sample: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=S&rep_id=85575

Market Segmentation

By Service Type

Testing Services: Including on-site and off-site testing, which involves sampling and laboratory analysis.

Equipment: Instruments and devices used for testing, such as rapid test kits, culture-based systems, and molecular methods.

By Sourcing Type

In-House Testing: Conducted by organizations within their facilities.

Outsourced Testing: Performed by third-party laboratories.

By Application

Drinking Water: Ensuring potable water safety.

Wastewater: Monitoring treatment processes and discharge standards.

Recreational Water: Testing in swimming pools, lakes, and beaches.

Industrial Water: Used in manufacturing processes.

By Industry Vertical

Municipal: Public water systems and utilities.

Industrial: Sectors like food & beverage, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals.

Healthcare: Hospitals and healthcare facilities.

Environmental: Government and environmental protection agencies.

By Region

North America

Europe

Asia-Pacific

Latin America

Middle East & Africa

Regional Analysis

North America

North America is a leading market, driven by stringent regulations and high awareness about water safety. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory bodies enforce strict standards, fueling demand for advanced testing technologies.

Europe

Europe follows closely, with countries like Germany, the UK, and France investing heavily in water quality testing to comply with the European Union's directives on water safety.

Asia-Pacific

The Asia-Pacific region is witnessing rapid growth due to increasing urbanization, industrialization, and government initiatives to improve water quality. Countries like China and India are significant contributors to the market expansion.

Latin America and Middle East & Africa

These regions are gradually adopting microbiological water testing, driven by international aid programs and growing awareness about the importance of water quality.

Market Drivers and Challenges

Market Drivers

Regulatory Compliance: Strict regulations mandate regular testing of water to ensure safety and quality.

Health Awareness: Growing awareness of waterborne diseases drives the need for reliable water testing.

Technological Advancements: Innovations in testing methods enhance the accuracy and efficiency of microbiological testing.

Market Challenges

High Costs: Advanced testing equipment and services can be expensive, posing a challenge for widespread adoption.

Lack of Infrastructure: In developing regions, inadequate infrastructure can hinder market growth.

Technical Complexity: Requires skilled personnel and sophisticated laboratories, limiting accessibility in some areas.

Market Trends

Rapid Testing Methods: Adoption of faster, more efficient testing technologies, such as PCR and immunoassays.

Automation and Digitalization: Integration of AI and IoT for real-time monitoring and data analysis.

Sustainability: Focus on eco-friendly testing processes and equipment.

Buy this Premium Research Report: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/checkout.php?rep_id=85575&ltype=S

Future Outlook

The microbiological testing of water market is poised for robust growth, driven by technological advancements and increasing investments in water infrastructure. The focus on public health and environmental sustainability will continue to propel the market forward.

Key Market Study Points

Market Size and Forecasts: Detailed analysis of market size from 2023 to 2031.

Segmentation Analysis: Insight into various market segments and their growth potential.

Regional Insights: Understanding regional market dynamics and opportunities.

Technological Trends: Analysis of current and emerging technologies in the market.

Competitive Landscape: Overview of key players and their market strategies.

Competitive Landscape

The market features several key players, including:

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Agilent Technologies

Danaher Corporation

Merck Group

Bio-Rad Laboratories

These companies are investing in research and development to introduce innovative products and expand their market presence.

Recent Developments

Product Launches: New testing kits and instruments that offer faster and more accurate results.

Collaborations and Partnerships: Companies are partnering with research institutions and government bodies to enhance their testing capabilities.

Acquisitions: Strategic acquisitions to broaden product portfolios and market reach.

About Transparency Market Research

Transparency Market Research, a global market research company registered at Wilmington, Delaware, United States, provides custom research and consulting services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision makers. Our experienced team of Analysts, Researchers, and Consultants use proprietary data sources and various tools & techniques to gather and analyses information.

Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts, so that it always reflects the latest trends and information. With a broad research and analysis capability, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques in developing distinctive data sets and research material for business reports.

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[karan225]

Check the Best Quality of MacCONKEY AGAR (TM349) at TM Media

Now get MacConkey Agar w/o CV w/ 0.15% Bile Salts is a modified version of the original medium, lacking crystal violet but retaining 0.15% bile salts. This modification preserves selectivity for Gram-negative bacteria while inhibiting Gram-positive organisms, facilitating the isolation of enteric microorganisms. The absence of crystal violet eliminates interference with certain bacterial species, enhancing the specificity of the medium. This formulation remains crucial in microbiological examinations of clinical specimens, foodstuffs, and water samples, adhering to industry standards and ensuring accurate coliform counts in various environmental and dairy product analyses.

Product link - https://www.tmmedia.in/product/macconkey-agar-w-o-cv-w-0-15-bile-salts-naci/ Website link: https://www.tmmedia.in/ Company Name: TM Media Phone: +91-9999-1687-70 Address: 905, 9th Floor, Big joes Tower, Netaji Subhash Place, New Delhi

Mail: marketing@titanbiotechltd.com

[russtanner]

Acidophilus

Acidophilus flourish in the small intestine where they assist in the production of enzymes and stimulate enzyme activity, thus enhancing more efficient assimilation of nutrients. Acidophilus produce acidophilin, a natural antibiotic substance; lactase, the enzyme responsible for digesting lactose (a milk sugar); certain B-complex vitamins, including B1, B2, B12 (acidophilus are the most plentiful source of B12), biotin and folic acid; and vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting and for the production of osteocalcin, the primary protein component of bone.

Acidophilus inhibit the overgrowth of harmful intestinal microorganisms, such as Candida albicans and the putrifactive or coliform bacteria which cause flatulence and putrification in the colon. Acidophilus create an acidic environment which is intolerable to such “undesirables,” and outperform these microorganisms in the competition for food sources and living space in the colon. Dr. John Parks Trowbridge, author of The Yeast Syndrome, is an advocate of probiotic supplementation in the fight against Candida albicans overgrowth.

Acidophilus protect the intestinal mucosa, prevent constipation and diarrhea, enhance bowel elimination, as well as aid digestion, assist in metabolizing calcium, provide essential nutrients for building the blood, control the buildup of serum cholesterol, and stimulate the body’s immune system by assisting white blood cells in fighting disease-causing pathogens.

An article in Clinical Nutrition reports Lactobacillus acidophilus help to prevent the formation of carcinogenic growths in the intestinal tract. Further studies have confirmed the anticarcinogenic and anti-tumor activity provided by these bacteria.

Researchers have begun studying Lactobacillus acidophilus for the treatment of urinary tract infections and vaginal yeast infections. According to a study published recently in the Journal of the American Medical Association, women using vaginal suppositories containing Lactobacillus acidophilus experienced 79% fewer urinary tract infections than during the previous year.

Individuals having had antibiotic therapy, colonics, diarrhea, enemas or prolonged cleansing which can reduce healthy intestinal flora should consider probiotic supplementation. Furthermore, since acidophilus supply the greatest source of vitamin B12, those with anemia may find acidophilus supplements helpful, as sufficient levels of B12 are essential for proper utilization of iron in the body.

[shijayprojects01]

Understanding Groundwater Monitoring System in Delhi

Hidden beneath Delhi’s hustling and bustling streets lies an intricate Groundwater system which is required to sustain this metropolitan city’s water needs and with those needs comes a necessity to save this vital resource. 

This city faces significant challenges when it comes to managing its water resources, particularly groundwater, and with a rapidly growing population and urbanization, there is an increasing water demand that puts immense pressure on the groundwater reserves. 

To address this issue, a comprehensive groundwater monitoring system in Delhi has been implemented which is aimed at understanding, managing, and conserving this important resource. 

This system acts as the city's watchful eye on this precious resource.

What is the need for this system? 

Groundwater is known to be a vital resource for Delhi's water supply, which caters to various sectors that include domestic, industrial, and agricultural needs. Monitoring the groundwater levels, its recharge rates, and the flow patterns is essential to understand the different dynamics of the aquifers that lie beneath Delhi. This understanding helps us in better management of groundwater resources which will ensure their sustainability for current and future generations. 

This city’s growing population and urbanization have resulted in an increased water demand, which has resulted in the overexploitation of groundwater reserves. This monitoring system helps us in detecting numerous trends of groundwater depletion, Early identification of depletion hotspots allows for strategies on time which helps us in mitigating the adverse impacts of overexploitation, for example, land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.

Assessing the water quality

Assessing the water quality involves evaluating the various parameters and characteristics that determine the suitability for different purposes such as drinking, irrigation, and industrial uses. 

The physical parameters include different characteristics like temperature, color, clarity, and odor. Identifying the initial indicators of the water quality helps in identifying different potential issues that can lead to contamination or pollution sources, for example, foul odor or unusual colorization can suggest the presence of organic or chemical pollutants in the water. 

Whereas biological parameters focus on the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites in groundwater. These organisms can indicate fecal contamination from human or animal waste, which can pose a significant health risk for people or animals if consumed. Monitoring for biological parameters involves testing for indicators such as fecal coliform bacteria. 

Role in Water Management 

Groundwater monitoring helps us in providing very critical data that is used for assessing the quantity and quality of available groundwater resources. By continuously monitoring these groundwater levels, recharge rates, and aquifer characteristics, water managers can gain insights into the overall health and sustainability of groundwater reserves and this information is essential to estimate available water supplies, identify areas of water scarcity, and make informed decisions about water allocation and the different usage.

Understanding the various dynamics of groundwater availability through the monitoring systems allows water managers to effectively manage the increasing demand. By analyzing the various trends in groundwater extraction rates and consumption patterns, authorities can implement measures to regulate usage, encourage conservation practices, and reduce overexploitation of aquifers. Groundwater monitoring data is also used to inform the development of demand management strategies, such as water pricing mechanisms, usage restrictions, and public awareness campaigns aimed at promoting efficient water use.

In Conclusion, the groundwater management system in Delhi includes various dynamic aspects and it is extremely crucial to manage this scarce resource for a better future. 

[tmmediapharma]

MacConkey Agar: The Selective and Differential Culture Medium for Gram-Negative Bacteria

MacConkey Agar was the first solid, selective, and differential culture medium used for the isolation and differentiation of gram-negative bacteria. The medium was developed by Alfred Theodore MacConkey while working for the Royal Commission on sewage disposal. This agar media is selective since the bile salt concentration is low as compared to other media. The bile salts inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria. The differential nature of media is based on lactose fermentation. Lactose fermenters turn media colour into red on fermentation, while non-fermenters do not change media colour. 

Composition of MacConkey Agar

Principle of MacConkey Agar

Peptones provide the essential nutrients, vitamins, and nitrogenous compounds required for the growth of microorganisms. Lactose is a fermentable source of carbohydrate. The selective nature of this medium is because of bile salts and crystal violet, as they inhibit the growth of gram-positive organisms. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance in the medium. Neutral red is the pH indicator dye. Gram-negative bacteria are differentiated by their ability to ferment lactose. Lactose-fermenting strains grow as red or pink colonies by absorption of neutral red and a subsequent colour change of the dye when the pH of the medium falls below 6.8. Lactose-non-fermenting strains are transparent and typically do not alter the appearance of the medium.

Preparation of MacConkey Agar 

Dissolve 53.53 grams in 1000 ml of distilled water.

Heat to boiling with gentle swirling to dissolve the agar.

Sterilize by autoclaving at 15 psi at 121°C for 15 min.

Cool to 45-50°C.

Pour into sterile Petri Plates.

The surface of the medium should be dry when inoculated.

Uses of MacConkey Agar

MacConkey Agar is used for the isolation of gram-negative enteric bacteria.

It is used in the differentiation of lactose-fermenting from lactose-non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria.

It is used for the isolation of coliforms and intestinal pathogens in water, dairy products, and biological specimens.

Interpretation of results

The culture on the MacConkey Agar plates produces two types of colonies: lactose fermenters and non-lactose fermenters.    

Lactose fermenters such as Escherichia coli exhibit a pink or red colour due to the acidic fermentation of lactose. Non-lactose fermenters are colourless or translucent since they do not ferment lactose, such as Salmonella and Shigella. 

TM Media MacConkey Agar

TM Media is one of the prominent Culture Media manufacturers. Along with Culture Media, TM Media also offers Antibiotic Sensitivity Discs, Lab Consumables such as Nichrome Loops, Disposable Swabs, Petri Plates, and many more.

MacConkey Agar is a valuable laboratory medium for the isolation and differentiation of gram-negative bacteria based on lactose fermentation properties. TM Media’s MacConkey Agar is highly effective in distinguishing between different types of bacteria and is widely used in clinical settings for diagnostic purposes. TM Media also offers Ready-to-Use Culture Media. The sterile Ready-to-Use Culture Media are best suited for any purpose, and their easy availability fulfils all the demands of microbiologists to identify and study various bacterial species.

[designaday]

2008 Deckers Creek Water Quality Monitoring Data

Deckers Creek feeds into the Monongahela River in Morgantown, West Virginia. It was well known for acid mine drainage, and it was often the subject for students in WVU's environmental science and geology courses. Forest Conroy, one of my graduate students, did series of projects about Deckers Creek, including this time series for my data visualization class.

A time series? There don't seem to be any time units. True, but take a look at the x-axis. Each labeled point is a location along Deckers Creek. The water is flowing left to right, so if you are following a particular water molecule, the x-axis does indeed represent time.

There are three graphs, each depicting a particular type of water quality measurement. Fecal Coliform is a bacteria found in the intestines that enters a water source by way of bodily excrement. You know, poop. WVSCI is the West Virginia Stream Condition Index score. pH measures the acidity of water.

The pH Levels graph shows two values at each stream location: the average pH and the minimum pH. You want this range to always be between 6 and 9, the normal pH range, indicated by the tan shading. Where the red ribbon drops down into the white portion of the graph, it's too low. It's worst at Sabraton.

The WVSCI score should be greater than 68 for the stream to be considered unimpaired. Again, the background shading indicates impaired and unimpaired ranges with a narrow "gray zone" between. Almost the entire creek is impaired.

The Fecal Coliform graph has two ranges. The top range is where the water is clean enough to swim in. The bottom range is okay for fishing and boating, but you really don't want to get wet. Eeew. Notice that the y-axis of this graph is an ascending scale with zero at the top. That's the reverse of the other two graphs, which have zero at the bottom. The reason for this seeming inconsistency is that for fecal coliform, a lower value is better, whereas higher values are preferred in the other two graphs. By flipping the y-axis, the graphs are visually consistent, with good at the top and bad at the bottom.

So, don't go swimming between Kanes Creek and Kingwood Pike.

[jcmarchi]

9 Ways NASA Solves Water Problems Around the Globe - Technology Org

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9 Ways NASA Solves Water Problems Around the Globe - Technology Org

World Water Day reminds us not to take for granted the clean water we rely on. And in space, we treat every drop as a precious resource, prompting investment in technologies to conserve and reuse. Now, these innovations are hard at work here on Earth!

From discovering hidden water sources to advancing purification techniques, check out the different ways NASA is changing how we use and manage the water in our lives.

Water – illustrative photo. Image credit: Pixabay (Free Pixabay license)

Microbial Check Valve

A water disinfection unit known as the Microbial Check Valve, which passes water through a bed of iodinated resin, was invented in the 1970s for drinking water on the space shuttle, and it was updated to be self-regenerating in the 1990s for use on the International Space Station.

A mat of ecoSPEARS spikes filled with a NASA-developed formula removes toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) without damaging the aquatic ecosystem. Image credit: Gagan Cambow, ecoSPEARS

The Microbial Check Valve is now central to water purification units that have been deployed across India, Mexico, Pakistan, and other countries, including hundreds of remote village locations. It also led to the popular DentaPure cartridge that has been purifying waterlines in dental instruments around the world for almost 30 years.

Radar Imaging to Locate Well Sources

In 2002, an exploration geologist who was using Earth imagery from NASA’s Spaceborne Imaging Radar to locate underground resources realized the images could also lead him to subterranean moisture.

He set about developing the WATEX System at his company, Radar Technologies International, and in 2013 the system uncovered a vast aquifer with tens of trillions of gallons of water beneath a parched corner of northwest Kenya. The technology has now helped to place 2,500 wells, many of them in drought-stricken regions, with a 98% success rate for finding water.

Regardless of the amount of winter ice cover, the waters off of the Alaskan coast usually come alive each spring with blooms of phytoplankton. These blooms can form striking patterns of blue and green seawater, such as those visible in this image of the Chukchi Sea acquired on June 18, 2018, by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8. Image credit: NASA/U.S. Geological Survey/Norman Kuring/Kathryn Hansen

Water Testing App

After NASA developed a simple coliform bacteria test for astronauts to test water on the International Space Station, an agency environmental engineer worked with his wife and a software engineer to develop the mWater smartphone app that let users carry out a coliform bacteria test based on the one NASA had created, as well as other simple water tests.

The app could then share the results through mapping software. Governments, nonprofit organizations, and water providers in 180 countries now use mWater test kits and apps to test drinking water and record, share, and track water data.

Orbital Systems’ Oas shower is the world’s first water-recirculating shower. It was inspired by a university’s partnership with NASA and is enabled by NanoCeram filter technology, which NASA helped fund with an eye toward improving astronaut life-support systems. Image credit: Orbital Systems

Filter Born from Astronaut Drinking Water Standards

Since its early days, NASA has explored various water purification technologies to provide drinking water for astronauts. In the early 2000s, with SBIR funding from the agency, Argonide Corporation optimized a filtration technology called NanoCeram, which uses a combination of positively charged microscopic alumina fibers and activated carbon to trap microorganisms and other contaminants.

NanoCeram has since been incorporated into lab-quality filters, water bottles, portable humanitarian units, industrial water purification, and even a water-recycling shower.

The Pod+ water bottle from nkd LIFE uses a filter medium developed and tested with the help of NASA funding, known as NanoCeram and now marketed as Disruptor, to purify water on the go, removing 99.97% of contaminants and accommodating a high flow rate. Image credits: nkd LIFE Ltd.

Microbial Contaminant Sterilizer

An early water purification technique NASA explored was the use of silver ions to neutralize microbial contaminants. In the lead-ups to the Apollo missions and then the space shuttle, the space agency commissioned the design and construction of silver ion generators to sterilize the water that was a by-product of the spacecrafts’ fuel cells, ensuring it would be safe to drink.

NASA never flew the technology, but the agency published details about the inventions, which have provided a basis for commercial product lines including in-home water filters and water softeners, as well as systems for pools, spas, cooling towers, ponds, boilers, and hospitals.

The Puronics Defender whole-house water conditioner uses silver-ion technology based on work NASA did in the run-ups to the Apollo and space shuttle missions. Positively charged silver ions neutralize bacteria in the unit’s filter beds. Image credit: Advanced Cascade Water Systems Inc.

Groundwater Remediation

After NASA discovered large amounts of chlorinated solvents in the groundwater around a historic launch complex at Kennedy Space Center, scientists at the center came up with a unique method for removing these pollutants – which are now banned but were also once used by a variety of industries.

In the 20 years following its patenting, NASA has licensed this formula, known as emulsified zero-valent iron, or EZVI, to several businesses that have used it in environmental cleanups all over the country. One of the Kennedy engineers later invented a similar technology for removing polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, another common pollutant, from groundwater.

A company that formed to license that technology in 2017 is already carrying out cleanups around the world.

Brett Baker checks a sprinkler on his family’s pear farm. Farms like his in California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta have to monitor their water use, but accurate estimates were nearly impossible until the advent of OpenET, a platform that uses Landsat data to determine the total amount of water evaporated and transpired from a given area. Image credit: Environmental Defense Fund

Filtration by Osmosis 

In 2007, NASA learned of a Danish company working on water filtration based on membranes infused with aquaporins – the proteins that let water pass through cell membranes one molecule at a time.

Always interested in better water purification technology, NASA became the company’s first paying customer, funding the development of prototypes and then working with the European Space Agency to test the membranes on the International Space Station.

The company, Aquaporin A/S, now sells under-sink water purifiers in Europe and India, and its forward osmosis modules are cleaning industrial and municipal wastewater.

In the gray water reclamation system at Ames Research Center’s Sustainability Base, the two beige Aquaporin HFFO14 forward-osmosis modules on the left have as much filtration capacity as the entire legacy system on the right. Image credit: Aquaporin A/S

Tools to Monitor Farm Water Use

The best way to calculate agricultural water use isn’t to measure how much water is diverted to cropland, but to measure evapotranspiration from the plants and soil.

A tool called EEFlux, built by researchers in the 2010s, was among the first to use Earth-imaging data from NASA-built satellites to calculate evapotranspiration. It helps manage water resources in dry areas like California.

A similar commercial method from Tule Technologies has helped some California farmers cut their water use by up to half. In 2021, NASA and partners debuted the OpenET online platform that lets users calculate evapotranspiration anywhere in 17 western states. The tool is helping farmers and local governments work together to conserve scarce water resources.

Thrusters Powered by Electrolyzed Water

For all the ways NASA helps purify and conserve water on Earth, it is still, first and foremost, the world’s premier space agency. As such, it has also worked to use water as a rocket fuel – one that could be obtained on other planets, moons, and asteroids for deep-space travel.

Millennium Space Systems bought Tethers Unlimited’s first three water-electrolysis engines by helping to fund the technology’s final stage of development through NASA’s Tipping Point solicitation. The thrusters were to fly on Millennium’s Altair small satellites. Image credit: Millennium Space Systems

An electric current can separate water into hydrogen – NASA’s rocket fuel of choice – and oxygen, which helps it burn. In 2019, the company Tethers Unlimited unveiled the first commercial thrusters powered by electrolyzed water, which it developed with years of funding from the space agency.

The technology is first going into commercial satellites, which will use it to maintain or change their orbits.

Source: NASA

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