#Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

[jcsmicasereports]

Use of acupressure to reduce nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (literature study) by Maher Battat in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences

Abstract

Nausea and vomiting are distressing and serious problems for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy despite the fact that they are receiving antiemetics according to the standard guidelines which this problem is a huge challenge to nurses involved in cancer care.

Purpose: To explore and assess the effectiveness of using acupressure as a non-pharmacological intervention in addition to pharmacological interventions in reducing nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Method: A literature review was conducted of 8 articles published between 2006 and 2014. These included one study of a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial; one quasi-experimental model with a control group; four articles reporting on randomized control trials (RCTs); one systematic review study; and one review study. Key Findings: Seven of the articles we read supported the effect of an acupressure P6 Wristband in reducing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients and other databases also supported that finding. The one article with neutral results showed that there was no difference between a combination of acupuncture and acupressure treatment at P6 and at the sham point for the nausea score, but the level of nausea was very low in both groups.

Conclusion: We conclude that the acupressure P6 wrist band when applied to acupuncture point P6 is effective, safe, convenient, cost effective, and provides an easy, self-administrated, non-pharmacological intervention that can be used to reduce chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.

Keywords: Acupressure, Chemotherapy, Nausea and Vomiting, Cancer patients, Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Introduction

Nausea and vomiting are serious and troublesome side effects of cancer therapy. We chose this research topic in order to become familiar with the topic of the nausea and vomiting facing cancer patients during their chemotherapy treatment, which we have observed during our experience in the Oncology departments.

As nurses, we normally use updated and standard guidelines for managing clinical challenges. We reviewed the literature to explore whether there are alternative approaches to pharmacological management that might reduce or eliminate this problem. We found there are many interventions, such as music, acupuncture, acupressure, and yoga. We decided to assess the effectiveness of using acupressure to reduce the nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Acupressure is a type of complementary and alternative medicine which the National Cancer Institute (NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms) defines as follows: “Acupressure is the application of pressure or localized massage to specific sites on the body to control symptoms such as pain or nausea".

The Research Question

Can acupressure reduce nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy?

We have chosen to use the definitions of the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms:

“Nausea is an unpleasant wavelike feeling in the back of the throat and/or stomach that may lead to vomiting", and “Vomiting is throwing up the contents of the stomach through the mouth”.

Nausea and vomiting affect the patient’s whole life. These side effects lead to metabolic imbalance, fatigue, distress, and lowered quality of life. We would like to fine a simple, effective and cost effective way to manage these problems so we can put it to use in our hospital.

Method

A literature study is, “A critical presentation of knowledge from various academic written sources, and a discussion of the sources in view of a particular research question" (Synnes 2014). There are many challenges when doing a literature study. There are many databases and much literature and our search process had to find the correct, scientific and relevant databases. It required a lot of time and effort to find the full text of all relevant articles. Fortunately, we received excellent help from the librarian at the Betanien University High school.

We started the search process by making a PICO outline to narrow down the search and to find the correct key words and mesh terms.

P: (Population or participants) Cancer patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

I:  (Intervention or indicator) Acupressure.

C: (Comparator or control) No comparison or placebo.

O: (Outcome) Reduce nausea and vomiting.

We used PUBMED, Google scholar, scholar.najah.edu and other search engines. When we used Acupressure as a search word we found more than 800 studies. When we added chemotherapy, cancer patients, and nausea and vomiting, we brought this down to 14 articles. We read these and decided to use 8 articles only, one of which was a systematic review. We also used an unpublished Master’s thesis from An Najah National University. This thesis was cited in one of the articles that we decided to review. The key words used were: Acupressure, Chemotherapy, Nausea and Vomiting, Cancer patients, Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, with Acupressure as a mesh term.

We then critically appraised all the articles according to our checklist. We included only those articles that followed the IMRAD style (i.e. those including an introduction, method, results and discussion section). We excluded all articles that were more than ten years old (i.e. published before 2004), except for two articles: one was about the mechanism of acupressure, which seemed to be directly relevant to our research topic, while the second article was used in the discussion section to discuss certain factors related to the topic. We also excluded one of the review articles because its method appeared to be weak. One of the Cochran reviews was also dropped because it had not been updated.

Despite applying these strict criteria, we were still concerned lest we had left out some important articles or included an inappropriate one. However, we were reassured by the fact that the librarian at Betanien had guided us in our search.

Theoretical part

Nursing Need Theory and basic human needs

The Nursing Need Theory was developed by Virginia A. Henderson to define the unique focus of nursing practice. The theory focuses on the importance of increasing the patients’ independence to hasten their progress in the hospital. Henderson’s theory emphasizes the basic human needs and how nurses can assist in meeting those needs.

The 14 components of Need Theory present a holistic approach to nursing that covers the patient’s physiological, psychological, spiritual and social needs.

Physiological components

Breathe normally.

Eat and drink adequately.

Eliminate body wastes.

Move and maintain desirable postures.

Sleep and rest.

Select suitable clothes – dress and undress.

Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying the environment.

Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument.

Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others.

Psychological aspects of communicating and learning

Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions. Spiritual and moral

Worship according to one’s faith. Sociologically oriented to occupation and recreation

Work in such a way that there is sense of accomplishment.

Play or participate in various forms of recreation.

Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health, and use the available health facilities.

There is much similarity between Henderson’s 14 components and Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Henderson’s Components 1 to 9 are comparable to Maslow’s physiological needs, with the 9th component also being a safety need. Henderson’s 10th and 11th components are similar to Maslow’s love and belonging needs, while her 12th, 13th and 14th components match Maslow’s self-esteem needs (Vera 2014).

The second of Henderson’s physiological needs is the need to “Eat and drink adequately”. Only the need to breathe is given a higher priority than the need for adequate nutrition. For cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and suffering from chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, this need is the most critical.

Cancer prevalence and treatment

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and the spread of abnormal cells. It may be caused by internal factors, such as an inherited mutation, or a hormonal or immune condition, or it may result from a mutation from metabolism, or from external sources, such as tobacco use, radiation, chemicals and infectious organisms. Cancer is prevalent all over the world, in both developed and developing nations; it affects both sexes at all ages (Said 2009). The American Cancer Society (2010) estimated that 1,529,560 new cases of cancer were diagnosed in 2010 and that 80 % would be treated with chemotherapy; this means more than 1 million patients will be undergoing chemotherapy in any given year (Lee et al. 2010).

Cancer treatment may be based on chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical interventions. Chemotherapy is an important treatment in cancer care but it is associated with several side effects, such as bone marrow suppression, increased susceptibility to infection, diarrhea, hair loss, appetite changes, nausea and vomiting, among others (NCI Chemotherapy Side Effects Series, 2014).

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is the most prevalent and one of the hardest side effects to manage (Suh 2012).

Nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting (N&V) can be acute or delayed. The incidence of acute and delayed N&V was investigated in highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy treatment regimens. Patients were recruited from 14 oncology practices in six countries. Overall, more than 35% of patients experienced acute nausea, and 13% experienced acute emesis. In patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy, 60% experienced delayed nausea and 50% experienced delayed emesis. In patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, 52% experienced delayed nausea and 28% experienced delayed emesis. CINV was a substantial problem for patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy in ten community oncology clinics. Thirty-six percent of patients developed acute CINV, and 59% developed delayed CINV (NCI, Nausea and Vomiting, 2015).

Chemotherapy is the most common treatment-related cause of N&V. The incidence and severity of acute emesis in persons receiving chemotherapy varies according to many factors, including the particular drug, dose, schedule of administration, route, and individual patient variables.

Risk factors for acute emesis include:

Poor control with prior chemotherapy

Female gender

Younger age

Emetic classification:

The American Society of Clinical Oncology has developed a rating system for chemotherapeutic agents with their respective risk for acute and delayed emesis.

High risk: Emesis has been documented to occur in more than 90% of patients on the following chemotherapeutic agents:

Cisplatin (Platinol).

Mechlorethamine (Mustargen).

Streptozotocin (Zanosar).

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), 1,500 mg/m2 or more.

Carmustine (BiCNU).

Dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome).

Moderate risk: Emesis has been documented to occur in 30% to 90% of patients on the following chemotherapeutic agents:

Carboplatin (Paraplatin).

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), less than 1,500 mg/m2.

Daunorubicin (DaunoXome).

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin).

Epirubicin (Pharmorubicin).

Idarubicin (Idamycin).

Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin).

Cytarabine (Cytosar), more than 1 g/m2.

Ifosfamide (Ifex).

Irinotecan (Camptosar).

Low risk: Emesis that has been documented to occur in 10% to 30% of patients on the following chemotherapeutic agents:

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone).

Paclitaxel (Taxol).

Docetaxel (Taxotere).

Mitomycin (Mutamycin).

Topotecan (Hycamtin).

Gemcitabine (Gemzar).

Etoposide (Vepesid).

Pemetrexed (Alimta).

Methotrexate (Rheumatrex).

Cytarabine (Cytosar), less than 1,000 mg/m2.

Fluorouracil (Efudex).

Bortezomib (Velcade).

Cetuximab (Erbitux).

Trastuzumab (Herceptin).

Minimal risk: Emesis that has been documented to occur in fewer than 10% of patients on the following chemotherapeutic agents:

Vinorelbine (Navelbine).

Bevacizumab (Avastin).

Rituximab (Rituxan).

Bleomycin (Blenoxane).

Vinblastine (Velban).

Vincristine (Oncovin).

Busulphan (Myleran).

Fludarabine (Fludara).

2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (Leustatin).

In addition to the emetogenic potential of the agent, the dose and schedule used are also extremely important factors. For example, prescribing a drug with a low emetogenic potential to be given in high doses may cause a dramatic increase in its potential to induce N&V. For example, standard doses of cytarabine rarely produce N&V, but these often occur with high doses of this drug. Another factor to consider is the use of drug combinations. Because most patients receive combination chemotherapy, the emetogenic potential of all of the drugs combined needs to be considered, and not only that of individual drug doses.

Delayed (or late) N&V is that which occurs more than 24 hours after chemotherapy administration. Delayed N&V is associated with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide, and with other drugs (e.g., doxorubicin and ifosfamide) when given at high doses, or if given on 2 or more consecutive days.

Delayed emesis: Patients who experience acute emesis with chemotherapy are significantly more likely to have delayed emesis as well.

Risk factors: All the predicative characteristics for acute emesis are also considered risk factors for delayed emesis (NCI, Nausea and Vomiting, 2015).

The nausea and vomiting that are often associated with chemotherapy are a serious problem for cancer patients. Despite recent improvements in pharmaceutical technology, about 60% of cancer patients who receive antiemetic medications with their chemotherapy still suffer from nausea and vomiting, and as many as 20% of patients refuse to continue chemotherapy due to the severity of the nausea and vomiting (Shin et al. 2004). Early studies reported that patients cited nausea and vomiting as the most distressing symptoms when receiving chemotherapy. The distressing effect of severe nausea and vomiting can lead to nutritional deficiencies, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, fatigue, depression and anxiety; they can also disrupt the activities of daily living and cause a lot of work time to be lost (Said 2009).

Uncontrolled nausea and vomiting can interfere with adherence to treatment regimens, and may cause the oncologists to reduce chemotherapy doses. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is classified as being either “acute” if it happens within 24 hours post chemotherapy, or “delayed” if it occurs on days 2–5 of the chemotherapy cycle. The latter is particularly troublesome because there is no reliable pharmacological treatment for this problem. The American Society of Clinical Oncology’s (ASCO) recommendations include giving 5-HT3 (5-hydroxytryptamine, or serotonin) receptor antagonists plus corticosteroids before chemotherapy to patients who are at high risk for emesis. Nevertheless, many patients still experience nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy, and approximately one-third of patients have nausea of at least moderate intensity, resulting in a significant reduced quality of life (QOL). Therefore, the experts emphasize the need for an evaluation of additional ways to reduce these symptoms (Said 2009).

Pharmacological interventions for the management of nausea and vomiting

Historically, antiemetic treatment has steadily improved since the introduction, in 1981, of high-dose metoclopramide which reduced the amount of emesis. This was followed by the development of serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist in the early 1990s, and the 5-HT3 antagonists proved to be more effective than the prior medications in preventing CINV. The concomitant use of corticosteroids was found to further improve the control of emesis. Despite these improvements, nausea and vomiting still remain a problem for many patients. Recently, a new drug, the neurokinin NK (1) receptor antagonist has been shown to be more effective at preventing both acute and delayed CINV for patients treated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (Said 2009).

Non-pharmacological intervention for management of nausea and vomiting

Traditional Chinese medicine offers a possible intervention for the non-pharmacological treatment of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a system of medical care that was developed in China over thousands of years. It looks at the interaction between mind, body and environment, and aims to both prevent and cure illness and disease.

TCM is based on Chinese views and beliefs about the universe and the natural world. It is a very complex system. In this essay we can only give a brief overview of what TCM involves. It is very different from Western medicine; Chinese medicine practitioners believe there is no separation between the mind and body and that illness of every kind can be treated through the body. They use a combination of various practices that may include:

Herbal remedies (traditional Chinese medicines).

Acupuncture or acupressure.

Moxibustion (burning moxa – a cone or stick of dried herb).

Massage therapy.

Feng shui.

Breathing and movement exercises called qi gong (pronounced chee goong).

Movement exercises called tai chi (pronounced tie chee).

TCM practitioners say that TCM can help to:

Prevent and heal illness.

Enhance the immune system.

Improve creativity.

Improve the ability to enjoy life and work in general.

Beliefs behind TCM

According to traditional Chinese belief, humans are interconnected with nature and affected by its forces. The human body is seen as an organic whole in which the organs, tissues, and other parts have distinct functions but are all interdependent. In this view, health and disease relate to the balance or imbalance between the various functions. TCM treatments aim to cure problems by restoring the balance of energies.

There are important components that underlie the basis of TCM:

Yin-yang theory is the concept of two opposing but complementary forces that shape the world and all life. A balance of yin and yang maintains harmony in the body, the mind and the universe.

Qi (pronounced chee) energy or vital life force flows through the body along pathways known as meridians, and it is affected by the balance of yin and yang. It regulates spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical health. If there is a blockage or an imbalance in the energy flow, the individual becomes ill. TCM aims to restore the balance of qi energy.

The five elements – fire, earth, metal, water, and wood – is a concept that explains how the body works, with the elements corresponding to particular organs and tissues in the body.

The TCM approach uses 8 principles to analyse symptoms and puts particular conditions into groups: cold and heat, inside and outside, too much and not enough, and yin and yang (Cancer Research, UK, 2015).

In summary, chemotherapy related nausea is not well controlled by pharmacological agents and identifying methods to prevent and alleviate treatment-related nausea remains a major clinical challenge. Non-pharmacological interventions such as music, progressive muscle relaxation (Said 2009), and ginger herbal therapy (Montazeri A et al. 2013) have all been shown to reduce CINV. Among the non-pharmacological interventions that reduce CINV are acupuncture and acupressure, based on the assumption that the individual’s welfare depends on a balance of energy in the body and their overall energy level (Said 2009). Yarbro et al. (2011, p. 645) also indicate in Cancer nursing: principles and practice book that acupuncture and acupuncture-related interventions (electroacupoint stimulation, acupressure, acustimulation wrist bands, and electroacupuncture) can be used to control nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.

Molassiotis et al. (2007) claim that the need for additional relief has led to the interest in non-pharmacological adjuncts to drugs, such as acupuncture or acupressure, since combining anti-emetics with other non-pharmacological treatments may prove to be more effective, safe and convenient in decreasing nausea than antiemetics alone.

From the National Cancer Institute website we found that acupressure is recognised as one of the non-pharmacologic strategies used to manage nausea and vomiting (Nausea and Vomiting, 3 September 2014). We used this website to get up to date, relevant information.

Acupressure

Acupressure involves putting pressure with the fingers, or with bands, on the body’s acupoints and is easy to perform, painless, inexpensive, and is effective. The P6 (Pericardium 6) point (Nei-Guan) refers to a point located on the anterior surface of the forearm, 3-finger widths up from the first wrist crease and between the tendons of flexor carpiradialis and Palmaris longus (figure1). P6 can be stimulated by various methods. The most well-known technique is manual stimulation by the insertion and manual rotation of a very fine needle (manual acupuncture). An electrical current can be passed through the inserted needle (electroacupuncture). Electrical stimulation can also be applied via electrodes on the skin surface or by a ReliefBand, a wristwatch-like device providing non-invasive electrostimulation. Pressure can be applied either by pressing the acupoint with the fingers or by wearing an elastic wristband with an embedded stud (acupressure).

Acupressure is based on the ancient Eastern concept that Chi energy travels through pathways known as meridians. Along the meridians are acu-points, which are controlling points for the Chi energy flow. If the energy flow in meridians is slowed, blocked, or hyper-stimulated, it can be rebalanced or re-stimulated either by applying pressure (acupressure) or by inserting a needle (acupuncture) into one or more of these acupoints. Two points are known for relieving nausea and vomiting: the Nei-Guan point (P6) and the Joksamly point (ST36, located at 4-finger breadths below the knee depression lateral to the tibia).

Patients tend to prefer the P6 point over the ST36 point, Because of its ease of access and the freedom from restriction. When these points are correctly located and pressure applied, either through acupressure or acupuncture, the Chi energy flow is rebalanced, resulting in relief from nausea and vomiting.

The practice of acupressure requires some training and experience, but the technique is widely accessible to any healthcare professionals, particularly to clinical nurses. This acupressure technique is an approach that should be tried not only by healthcare professionals but also by family members or the patients themselves (Shin et al. 2004).

According to the teaching of traditional Chinese medicine, illness results from an imbalance in the flow of energy through the body. This energy or Qi (chee) is restored through the use of acupuncture and acupressure at certain points on the body that have been identified through critical observation and testing over 4000 years. In scientific terms, the neurochemicals that are released after needling or pressure at a specific point may be responsible for this effect. The most commonly used point for nausea and vomiting is Pericardium 6 (Neiguan or P6), located above the wrist (Molassiotis et al. 2007).

The literature review on acupressure

Acupressure for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (Said 2009)

For a master degree in public health from An-najah National University, Said (2009) described a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial that was done in Palestine with 126 women on chemotherapy for breast cancer. In this study the researcher divided the patients into 3 groups: the first group (n=42) received acupressure with bilateral stimulation of P6, the second group (n=42) received bilateral placebo stimulation, and the third group (n=42), which served as a control group, received no acupressure wrist band, but all groups received pharmacological management of their nausea and vomiting. Acupressure was applied using a Sea-Band (Sea-Band UK Ltd, Leicestershire, England) that patients had to wear for five days following the administration of chemotherapy. Assessment of acute and delayed nausea and emesis, quality of life, patients’ satisfaction, recommendation of treatment and requests for a rescue antiemetic were obtained. Said (2009) concluded that the acupressure showed benefits for delayed nausea and the mean number of delayed emetic episodes. Acupressure may therefore offer an inexpensive, convenient, and self-administered intervention for patients on chemotherapy to reduce nausea and vomiting at home during days 2-5 after chemotherapy. In addition, the percentage of patients who were satisfied with the treatment (≥ 3 on a 0-6 scale) was 81% (35/42) in the P6-acupressure group, and 64% (27/42) in the placebo group (p= 0.0471). The percentage of patients who would recommend acupressure treatment was 79% (34/42) in the P6-acupressure group, and 62% (26/42) in the placebo group (p= 0.0533). We used this study because it had a lot of essential information, it used the IMRAD system and was also mentioned in the literature (Genç and Tan 2014). This study demonstrated that the mean scores for the acupressure group were lower for both acute and delayed nausea.

Review of Acupressure Studies for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Control. (Lee et al. 2008)

In the Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Jiyeon Lee et al. (2008) reviewed ten controlled studies on acupressure in order to evaluate the effects of a non-invasive intervention, acupressure, when combined with antiemetics for the control of CINV. The review evaluated one quasi-experimental and nine randomized clinical trials, which included two specific acupressure modalities, namely, an acupressure band and finger acupressure. The effects of the acupressure modalities were compared study by study. Four of the seven acupressure band trials supported the positive effects of acupressure, whereas three acupressure band trials did not support the effects of acupressure. However, all the studies with negative results had methodological issues. In contrast, the one quasi-experimental and two of the randomized finger acupressure trials all supported the positive effects of acupressure on CINV control. The reported effects of the two acupressure modalities produced variable results at each stage of CINV. Acupressure bands were most effective in controlling acute nausea, whereas finger acupressure controlled delayed nausea and vomiting. The overall effect of acupressure was strongly indicative but not conclusive. We used this article because it is relevant, a review study, and is from a known journal.

The effects of P6 acupressure in the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients. (Molassiotis et al. 2007)

As reported in the journal Complementary Therapies in Medicine, acupressure was applied using wristbands (Sea-Band™) in a randomized controlled trial conducted in two centres in the UK. Patients in the experimental group had to wear these bands for the five days following their chemotherapy administration. Assessments of nausea, retching and vomiting were obtained from all patients, daily, for five days. Molassiotis et al. (2007) evaluated the effectiveness of using acupressure on the Pericardium 6 (Neiguan) acupoint in managing CINV. Thirty-six patients took part in the study, with 19 patients allocated to the control group and 17 to the experimental group. The results showed that nausea with retching, nausea, and vomiting with retching, and the accompanying distress were all significantly lower in the experimental group as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The only exception was the vomiting, where the difference was close to significance (p = 0.06). We used this article because it had a strong study design and also used an IMRAD system.

Acupuncture and acupressure for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea- a randomized cross-over pilot study. (Melchart et al. 2006)

In a randomized, cross-over trial, Melchart et al. (2006) studied 28 patients receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy and a conventional standard antiemetic for one chemotherapy cycle, followed by a combination of acupuncture and acupressure at point P6 for one cycle, and for another cycle a combination of acupuncture and acupressure at a close sham point. The results showed that there was no difference in the nausea score between the combined acupuncture treatment at P6 and at the sham point, but the level of nausea was very low in both cases. We used this study because the article had neutral results and because we trusted the source of article, coming as it did from a cancer support care journal.

The efficacy of acupoint stimulation for the management of therapy adverse events in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review. (Chao et al. 2009)

This is a systematic review of 26 articles published between 1999 to 2008 examining the efficacy of acupressure, acupuncture or acupoint stimulation (APS) for the management of adverse events due to the treatment of breast cancer. Published online on 17 September 2009 in the Breast Cancer Research and Treatment journal, 23 trials reported revealed that APS on P6 was beneficial in treating CINV. Chao et al. (2009) also presented the findings from three high quality studies comparing APS groups with control groups, which indicated that APS is beneficial in the management of CINV and especially in the acute phase, even with the non-invasive intervention. Health care professionals should consider using APS, and in particular acupressure on the P6 acupoint, as an option for the management of CINV. Furthermore, as a cost effective intervention, it warrants further investigation. We used this article because it used the IMRAD structure.

'Until the trial is complete you can’t really say whether it helped you or not, can you?’: exploring cancer patients’ perceptions of taking part in a trial of acupressure wristbands. (Hughes et al. 2013)

In Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Hughes et al. report on qualitative research undertaken with patients receiving chemotherapy in the UK. A convenience sample of 26 patients volunteered to participate in the clinical trial and to explore their experiences of using acupressure wristbands. Participants were recruited from three geographical sites: nine were recruited from Manchester, nine from Liverpool, and eight from Plymouth and the surrounding regions. Ten of the participating patients received true acupressure during the trial, 9 received sham acupressure, and 7 received no acupressure. Hughes et al. (2013) concluded that the research provided insights into cancer patients’ motivations and experience of taking part in a clinical trial for a complementary alternative medicine intervention, in which the participants perceived acupressure wristbands to reduce the level of nausea and vomiting experienced during their chemotherapy treatment. This article is important because it includes the benefits experienced by the patients taking part in the trial. This is also the first qualitative study to explore patients’ experiences of using acupressure wristbands and their perceptions of the effects. In the study, the patients perceived the wristbands as reducing their level of nausea and vomiting experienced due to their chemotherapy treatment. The study was an RCT.

The effect of acupressure application on chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and anxiety in patients with breast cancer. (Genç and Tan 2014)

Genç and Tan (2014) reported on a quasi-experimental study in Turkey with 64 patients with stages 1–3 breast cancer who received two or more cycles of advanced chemotherapy. Thirty two patients were in the experimental group, and thirty two in the control group. To determine the effect of acupressure P6 on CINV and anxiety in these patients, the P6 acupressure wristband was applied to the experimental group. Genç and Tan (2014) concluded that the total mean scores for patients in the experimental group, for nausea, vomiting and retching, were lower than those of the patients in the control group over the five days of application. We used this article because it is a recent and quasi-experimental study and used the IMRAD system.

The effects of P6 acupressure and nurse-provided counselling on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with breast cancer. (Suh 2012)

Suh (2012) reported in the Oncology Nursing Forum on a RCT in South Korea with 120 women who were receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. These patients had all had more than mild levels of nausea and vomiting during their first cycle of chemotherapy. The participants were assigned randomly to one of four groups: a control group (a placebo on a specific location on the hand); a counselling only group; a P6 acupressure only group; and a P6 acupressure plus nurse-provided counselling group. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of pericardium 6 (P6) acupressure and nurse-provided counselling on CINV in patients with breast cancer. Suh (2012) concluded that nurse-provided counselling and P6 acupressure were together the most effective in reducing CINV in patients with breast cancer. We used this article because it is the first RCT evaluating the isolated and combined effects of P6 acupressure and counselling in reducing CINV among non-Western patients. The findings of the study support the use of P6 acupressure together with counselling that is focused on cognitive awareness, affective readiness, symptom acceptance, and the use of available resources as an adjunct to antiemetic medicine for the control of CINV. The article used the IMRAD system.

Discussion

Can acupressure reduce nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy?

In our experience, we have usually used metoclopramide (pramin) plus serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist (as Ondansetron and Granisetron), plus Dexamethasone plus neurokinin NK (1) (as Emend - aprepitant) for moderate to high ematogenic chemotherapy, yet some of the patients have still suffered from nausea and vomiting. After reviewing the literature we would like to use the acupressure P6 wrist band to solve this problem as the findings of our literature review confirm that the acupressure P6 wrist band reduces CINV in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. This result is corroborated by 7 of the articles reviewed.

The National Cancer Institute website supports the finding that acupressure is one of the non-pharmacologic strategies that may be used to manage nausea and vomiting (NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms). Said (2009) adds that acupressure may offer an inexpensive, convenient, and self-administered intervention for patients on chemotherapy, helping to reduce nausea and vomiting at home on days 2-5 of chemotherapy. Genç and Tan (2014) conclude that the total mean scores for CINV in patients in the experimental group to whom they applied the P6 acupressure wristband were lower compared to patients in the control group over the five days of application. Lee et al. (2008) found that the two acupressure modalities produced variable results in each phase of CINV: acupressure bands were effective in controlling acute nausea, whereas acupressure controlled delayed nausea and vomiting. Molassiotis et al. (2007) showed that the experience of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Chao et al. (2009) found that P6 acupoint stimulation was an option for the management of CINV. In the study reported by Hughes et al. (2013) the participants perceived that acupressure wristbands reduced the levels of nausea and vomiting experienced during chemotherapy treatment. Suh (2012) concluded that the synergistic effects of P6 acupressure together with nurse-provided counselling appeared to be effective in reducing CINV in patients with breast cancer.

Five of the seven articles investigating breast cancer patients, namely Said (2009), Chao et al.( 2009), Molassiotis et al. (2007), Suh (2012) and Genç and Tan (2014), involved breast cancer patients receiving highly ematogenic chemotherapy (e.g. Cisplatin and cyclophosphamide), and moderate risk ematogenic chemotherapy (like doxorubicin).

It is necessary to mention other therapeutic regimens that can also be used in cancer treatment that contain other types of chemotherapy that cause nausea and vomiting, for example, doxorubicin-containing regimens like ABVD (Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine), CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Vincristine, Prednisone) and FAC (5-Fluorouracil, Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide), and ACT (Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide, Taxol) (Said 2009) and from our experience cisplatin-containing regimens which that classified as highly ematogenic chemotherapy we noticed the patients still experienced nausea and vomiting after they received the antiemitecs. We think it is necessary to use additional intervention like acupressure to be included in the nausea and vomiting management.

Based on the reviewed findings we plan to use acupressure for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, because the acupressure in the studies conducted in breast cancer patients reported was used with highly ematogenic chemotherapy in addition to the standard antiemetic treatment, so it is reasonable to conclude that it will work equally well with other less ematogenic types of chemotherapy.

We prefer the use of the acupressure wrist band at P6 acupoint because it is an inexpensive, convenient, and self-administered intervention involving pressure instead of needles at the same point as that used in acupuncture. Furthermore it is safer than acupuncture and patients can easily learn to put pressure on their own wrists, whereas the acupuncture involves using needles that are about the diameter of a hair and can cause temporary discomfort during insertion (Said 2009; Molassiotis et al. 2007). Acupressure seems to be a good way to complement antiemetic pharmacotherapy as it is safe and convenient, with minimal (with bands) or no (finger acupressure) costs involved. It is thus an easy to use, cost-effective, non-invasive intervention (Lee et al. 2008; Melchart et al. 2006).

There was no study result that showed any negative effect from the acupressure wrist band at P6 point, except the review by Lee et al. (2008), which mentioned that three of the ten reported acupressure band trials did not support the possible positive effects of acupressure, but these studies all had methodological issues, such as a small sample size, no true control group, and a concern about the sham acupressure band having a possible antiemetic effect. Melchart et al. (2006) said that no difference was detected in the nausea score between the acupuncture treatment at P6 acupoint, and that at the sham point. Said (2009) mentioned that the acupressure showed no benefit in relation to the incidence of delayed vomiting, early vomiting, or acute nausea, but Melchart and Said’s studies were done with breast cancer patients and it could be that the acupressure benefits were not evident due to the breast cancer patients having had axillary lymph node resection that may have affected the meridian pathway or caused damage to the median nerve as mentioned by Roscoe et al. (2003). Consequently, we think that the evidence suggesting that there is no benefit from the acupressure method for reducing CINV is weak.

Regarding the placebo effect in the articles reviewed here, Melchart et al. (2006) indicated that there was no difference in the nausea score for the combined acupuncture treatment at p6 or that at the sham point, although the level of nausea was very low in both cases. Molassiotis et al. (2007), Said (2009) and Roscoe et al. (2003) all suggested that the placebo effect may be the result of psychological factors.

Application of acupressure in clinical practice

It is important to put this theory into practice, and health care professionals could consider using APS, in particular acupressure on the P6 acupoint, as an option in the management of CINV (Chao et al. 2009). Melchart et al. (2006) said acupressure bands can easily be used in busy oncological wards, while Suh (2012) supported the use of P6 acupressure with counselling focused on cognitive awareness, affective readiness, symptom acceptance, and the use of available resources as an adjunct to antiemetic medications for the control of CINV. Hughes et al. (2013) concluded that the research provides an insight into cancer patients’ motivations for and experiences of taking part in a clinical trial for a complementary alternative medical intervention in which the participants perceived the acupressure wristbands as reducing their level of CINV. Said (2009) suggests that oncology nurses should include acupressure in their list of options for the management of CINV, and especially delayed nausea and vomiting. Special recommendations by oncology nurses are not only useful but are also much appreciated by patients as shown in a study in which the patients were satisfied with the antiemetic treatment given by both P6-acupressure, and placebo-acupressure. The percentage of patients who were satisfied (≥ 3 on 0-6 scale) with their treatment was 81% (35/42) in the P6-acupressure group, which was in agreement with Roscoe et al. (2003), and 64% (27/42) in the placebo group (p= 0.0471). The percentage of the patients who would recommend acupressure treatment was 79% (34/42) in the P6-acupressure group, which again was in agreement with the results of Roscoe et al. (2003) and Hughes et al. (2013), compared to 62% (26/42) in the placebo group (p= 0.0533). This study presented the patients’ compliance with the use of acupressure. Acupressure is easily learnt and taught and patients should be informed about its potential role and taught how to apply it. Leaflets about acupressure for the management of nausea and vomiting could be available in chemotherapy units so that patients who are interested to use such a technique would be encouraged to come forward and learn more from nurses or other health professionals. This could add to the patients’ options for antiemetic approaches and empower them to be involved in the management of these distressing side effects. Acupressure offers a no-cost, convenient, self-administered intervention for chemotherapy patients to reduce acute nausea. Acupressure devices (i.e. Wrist Bands, travel bands, and acupressure bands) have been developed to provide passive acupressure on P6. Acupressure can be administered by healthcare providers, family members, or patients themselves, and does not involve puncture of the skin.

We therefore found that the acupressure wristband is a good way to reduce nausea and vomiting for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy by applying it in the correct position with the stud over the pericardium 6 acupoint located on the anterior surface of the forearm, 3-finger widths up from the first wrist crease, and between the tendons of flexor carpiradialis and Palmaris longus.

Lee et al. (2008) encourage the application of acupressure bilaterally, rather than unilaterally, in CINV control. They recommend three minutes of finger acupressure once daily, with additional acupressure as needed, as the optimal intervention, because both three and five minute trials have succeeded in achieving positive effects. On the other hand, Molassiotis et al. (2007) claimed that there is no correlation between the frequency of pressing the studs and the level of nausea and vomiting. Lee et al. (2008) and Molassiotis et al. (2007) therefore claim opposite results in the relationship between CINV and the frequency of pressing the stud of an acupressure P6 wrist band. But when applying the acupressure P6 wrist band bilaterally, Lee et al. (2008), Said (2009), Molassiotis et al. (2007), Suh (2012), and Genç and Tan (2014) all reported a positive effect with P6 stimulation in reducing CINV.

We would like to discuss some factors related to CINV in relation to nausea and vomiting: expectancy and gender: Roscoe et al. (2003) argued that patients who received the acustimulation bands and expected them to be effective did report having a higher quality of life and less nausea, and in relation to gender, that women are more likely to experience nausea when receiving chemotherapy. Lee et al. (2008) say this may be caused by classical conditioning and also that breast cancer patients may have had a damaged median nerve due to axillary lymph node removal, but Lee et al. (2008) also mention that P6 acupressure in younger women had a significantly greater positive effect on delayed nausea than those on a placebo or those in the no-intervention control group. On the other hand, Molassiotis et al. (2007) mentioned that younger age is associated with greater nausea. We think that men may have tolerated greater stimulation of the acupressure points, and therefore experienced greater symptom relief, so it may be that the acupressure is more effective for men than for women, but these questions of gender, age and the frequency of pressing the studs would need further investigation.

Based on the reported studies, we support the belief that acupressure on P6 is applicable in clinical practice for CINV for cancer patients provided the required education, training and counselling is given to maintain the acupressure benefits.

Acupressure side effects

The study by Molassiotis et al. (2007) found that there were no side effects from the use of the wristbands, but one patient reported that she had to take the bands off because they were too tight and left her with marks for a few days. Chao et al. (2009) also mentioned that very few minor adverse events were observed.

Melchart et al. (2006) did report adverse effects from the treatment in five cases. One suffered a hematoma when wearing the acupressure band at P6. In the sham group, one hematoma was reported after acupuncture, and another three adverse effects from the acupressure band were reported (one hematoma, one skin irritation, one eczema). Hughes et al. (2013) also reported that participants had not experienced any restrictions from wearing the wristbands in terms of everyday activities, other than when washing and bathing. As one female participant commented, for most participants the wristbands were found to be comfortable to wear. However, a few participants reported that they had experienced minor irritation, such as the wristbands feeling tight or painful, or their wrists becoming itchy. Reported adverse side effects were generally deemed minor and acceptable. In the study by Said (2009), no side effect or discomfort was noticed from wearing the acupressure wristband. Said told the patients that if the bands caused discomfort, they could be removed for 30 minutes every two hours. In this way, by taking it off for regular periods, we can prevent the side effects of acupressure, even its minor and rare effects.

Acupressure reduces CINV in cancer patients, in addition it reduces anxiety (Genç and Tan 2014) and that affects overall quality of life (Said 2009). Quality of life is defined by the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms as “The overall enjoyment of life and the individual’s sense of well-being and ability to carry out various activities”. Based on the physiological components of the Virginia Henderson’s theory of basic human needs and Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the patient needs to eat and drink adequately, and sleep and rest (Vera, 2014). This means that when we are providing the required management for distressing symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, by including the acupressure wrist band in addition to standard antiemetics, the patient’s appetite will improve, leading the patient to eat and drink adequately and improve their sleeping pattern. These may then also improve other aspects of the cancer patient’s life. According to the Henderson Nursing Need Theory, when we meet a patient’s needs, it results in an improved quality of life for the cancer patient receiving chemotherapy. Another way of expressing this is that it restores the balance of Yin and Yang energy that leads to reduced nausea and vomiting and improves the patient’s ability to enjoy life and work in general through a maintaining of the harmony of body and mind, as described in traditional Chinese medicine (Cancer Research UK, 2015).

We believe that it is essential for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment to have adequate nutrition to maintain their strength to fight the cancer. Different nursing actions are necessary to maintain adequate nutrition including the relieving of CINV. From this we extrapolate that using the acupressure P6 wrist band to reduce CINV improves the patient’s quality of life.

Conclusion

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may be life threatening and is therefore a huge challenge to nurses involved in cancer care. Even with the best pharmacological management of CINV, patients continue to experience nausea and vomiting.

From a review of eight articles with strong methodology, seven supported the positive effect of an acupressure P6 wristband in reducing CINV for cancer patients. This was also supported by other databases. The one article with neutral results showed that there was no difference between a combined acupuncture and acupressure treatment at P6 and at a sham point in relation to the nausea score, but the level of nausea was very low in both groups. We conclude that the acupressure wrist band applied to acupuncture point P6 is effective, safe, convenient, cost effective, an easy and self-administrated non-pharmacological intervention from traditional Chinese medicine that reduces CINV. Solving the problem of CINV is a fundamental nursing task that can lead to improved quality of life and nutritional status, reduced anxiety and increases patient compliance. In the light of these results, and due to the effectiveness and inexpensiveness of acupressure, together with its ease of use, we suggest that it should be used in conjunction with pharmacological agents for CINV prophylaxis. To maintain the effectiveness of the acupressure, special education and training is needed to reassure the patient that the acupressure is at the correct point (P6) and counselling by the nurse is required.

We recommend the use of acupressure P6 in oncology departments and that future research should be conducted to include cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, and to investigate more about the relationship between the frequency of pressing the stud on the wrist band for acupressure P6 and CINV, and the relationship between gender and CINV, and whether it is better to apply it unilaterally or bilaterally.

[alicesara611]

Beyond Symptom Relief: Examining the Evolution of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting Drugs by 2030

The global chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) drugs market is likely to reach value at US$ 2,558.12 million in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 4,672.82 million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6.6% from 2023 to 2030.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common and debilitating side effect of cancer treatment. It can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and adherence to chemotherapy. The global Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs market is projected to witness significant growth in the coming years, driven by the increasing prevalence of cancer, rising demand for effective Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting control, and advancements in drug development.

Get Recently Updated Report of Market as Sample Copy! https://absolutemarketresearch.com/Global-Chemotherapy-Induced-Nausea-and-Vomiting-(CINV)-Drugs-Market/1230/request-sample

Chemotherapy ranked nausea and vomiting as the first and second most severe side effects, respectively. Up to 20% of patients receiving highly emetogenic agents in this era postponed, or even refused, potentially curative treatments. Since the 1990s, several novel classes of antiemetics have been developed and commercialized, becoming a nearly universal standard in chemotherapy regimens, and helping to better manage these symptoms in a large portion of patients. Efficient mediation of these unpleasant and sometimes crippling symptoms results in increased quality of life for the patient, and better overall health of the patient, and, due to better patient tolerance, more effective treatment cycles.

Types of Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting Drugs:

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs can be broadly classified into three main categories:

5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists: These drugs block the action of serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in nausea and vomiting. Examples include ondansetron (Zofran), granisetron (Kytril), dolasetron (Anzemet), and palonosetron (Aloxi).

NK1 Receptor Antagonists: These drugs block the action of substance P, another neurotransmitter involved in nausea and vomiting. Examples include aprepitant (Emend) and fosaprepitant (Apreva).

Corticosteroids: These drugs have anti-inflammatory and antiemetic properties. Dexamethasone is the most commonly used corticosteroid for Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Choosing the Right Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting Drugs:

The choice of Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs depends on several factors, including the type of chemotherapy, the patient's risk of Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and any other medical conditions the patient may have.

For patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC), which has the highest risk of causing CINV, a combination of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, an NK1 receptor antagonist, and dexamethasone is recommended. For patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with dexamethasone is usually sufficient. For patients receiving low-emetogenic chemotherapy, dexamethasone alone may be enough.

Side Effects of Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting Drugs:

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs are generally well-tolerated, but they can cause side effects such as headache, constipation, and fatigue. Some drugs, such as aprepitant, can also cause dizziness and vertigo.

Overall, Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs play an important role in improving the quality of life for cancer patients and helping them continue their chemotherapy treatment.

Key Market Drivers:

Rising Prevalence of Cancer: The increasing incidence of cancer is a major driver of the Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs market. As the global cancer burden continues to grow, the demand for effective Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting control measures is expected to rise.

Demand for Effective CINV Control: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting can significantly impair a patient's quality of life and adherence to chemotherapy. The growing demand for effective Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting control measures is driving the development of new and more potent drugs.

Advancements in Drug Development: Continuous advancements in drug development are leading to the introduction of novel and more targeted Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs. These drugs offer improved efficacy and reduced side effects compared to traditional treatments.

Key Takeaways:

The global Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) drugs market is likely to reach value at US$ 2,558.12 million in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 4,672.82 million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6.6% from 2023 to 2030.

The growth of the market is driven by the increasing prevalence of cancer, the rising adoption of chemotherapy, and the growing demand for effective Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting prophylaxis and treatment.

The acute emesis segment is expected to dominate the market due to the advancement in chemotherapy and the increasing use of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) drugs.

North America is expected to hold the largest market share due to the high prevalence of cancer, the early adoption of new technologies, and the strong presence of key players in the region.

Regional Outlook:

North America is expected to hold the largest market share, accounting for approximately 38% of the global market in 2030.

Europe is expected to be the second-largest market, followed by Asia Pacific.

The growth in the Asia Pacific market is expected to be driven by the increasing prevalence of cancer, the growing demand for affordable Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs, and the expanding healthcare infrastructure in the region.

Key Players:

GlaxoSmithKline plc

Pfizer Inc.

Novartis AG

Sanofi SA

Merck & Co., Inc.

Eisai Co., Ltd.

AstraZeneca plc

Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.

Cosmo Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Heron Therapeutics, Inc.

Segmentation:

By Product:

5-HT3 antagonists

NK1 receptor antagonists

Steroids

Antiemetics

Others

By End User:

Hospitals

Cancer centers

Ambulatory care centers

Others

By Type:

Acute emesis

Delayed emesis

Breakthrough emesis

[megharesearch]

The latest report on the Worldwide Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs Market Report is the more professional in-depth of this Industry is providers the status and forecast, categorizes, market size (value & volume) by type, application, region and Forecast 2023 - 2030.

[ciaossu-imagines]

❄️ from end of the year ask game <3

What was the highlight of your year?

I don’t feel like 2024 was really my year. There wasn’t a lot of stand out moments that are automatically coming to mind. I’m trying hard to focus on all the positives about it, but no big moments in particular are popping out, though that could be just my brain.

Martha, Nix, Cathy, Lou, and Butter have all really made my year better through their messages and friendship. I’ve been a really horrible friend in a lot of ways, since I’m struggling with answering messages quickly, but just know you were loved.

There were so many great fanfics and fanfic writers that have made my year better. I really hope, next year, to start being better about commenting, reblogging, and letting them know how much their fics mean to me or their works or their ideas.

I discovered a new author I really love this year in the horror genre, so that was great, and I fell in love with many new fandoms this year, so I have a lot of thanks to give to those professional writers.

I had a lot of absolutely fantastic commissoners this year and had the honour of working on a lot of amazing things because of them and they all have my utmost respect and love.

I got to slip more into my role and grow in my professional career in real life. Pharmacy is a lot more than people think and I have the opportunity to learn something new each and every day in my job or to do something good for people each and every day. Today, I managed to get compassionate care to cover the full cost of someone’s much needed Akynzeo, which he’d been paying several hundred dollars out of pocket for up until that point. For those who don’t recognize the brand name, it’s used for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. It still astounds me that this man had had to pay, while going through cancer, all this money, only adding more stress to him and I’m so glad that we were able to get that done for him.

I went through a whole ‘nother year of therapy and I worked hard, pushing myself to my limits, tearing down walls brick by brick to try to get myself better and learn coping skills and mechanisms. I volunteer my time for several mental-health causes and that actually made my life better…I regret stopping but I just no longer had the time.

[madamlaydebug]

Ginger is a flowering plant also known as Zingiber officinale. Its root (or rhizome) is a popular ingredient in cooking, but it has also been used for thousands of years for medicinal purposes, particularly in Asian, Arabic, and Indian cultures.

Many of ginger’s professed health benefits have been supported by scientific research:

1. Aids in Digestive Function

Compounds in ginger are known to stimulate bile and saliva production and to increase mobility through the digestive tract. Those who suffer from indigestion may find relief by consuming ginger.

2. May Help Prevent Gastric Ulcers

Gastric ulcers are painful open lesions on the inside lining of the stomach. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like naproxen and ibuprofen, can lead to the development of gastric ulcers. Bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can also make the gastric lining more prone to ulceration. Ginger, however, inhibits the growth of H. pylori and can prevent the occurrence of stomach ulcers caused by NSAIDs.

3. Reduces Nausea

Ginger has been shown to be effective for relief and prevention of nausea and vomiting related to pregnancy, chemotherapy, and post-operative conditions. While ginger can help reduce nausea induced by motion sickness, it seems to have no effect on the prevention of vomiting caused by such.

Consuming 1 to 1.5 grams of ginger (or 1 to 2 small- to medium-sized pieces of crystallized ginger) can help provide relief for these various types of nausea.

4. Decreases Pain and Inflammation

There is evidence that ginger can be beneficial for pain management. By helping to reduce inflammation of joints, ginger can decrease pain associated with arthritic conditions. Daily supplementation of ginger can also improve exercise-induced muscle pain. Women who experience severe pain during menstruation may find some relief with the consumption of ginger as well.

5. Promotes Sweating

Ginger is a diaphoretic, meaning that it can stimulate sweating, which allows your body to eliminate toxins. After taking ginger there may be a sense of warming from within, which is why it is popular for soothing symptoms of colds and flu.

6. Improves Cognition

With antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, ginger can mitigate age-related cognitive decline. There is evidence that ginger can enhance attention and cognitive processing.

7. May Lower Cholesterol

There are studies that have demonstrated significant reductions in LDL cholesterol and blood triglyceride levels associated with the consumption of ginger.

8. May Lower Blood Sugar

Ginger has been shown to lower blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetic individuals. In the same study, HbA1c (a marker used as an indicator for long-term blood sugar control) also improved. While these are promising results, more research is needed to confirm this benefit.

Tips for Taking Ginger

There are many options for consuming ginger. It can be found fresh and dried. It is available in capsules, tinctures, and lozenges. There is also ginger oil and ginger extract.

Side effects of ginger are rare. However, if you take excessive doses, you may develop heartburn, diarrhea, or mouth irritation. Avoid ginger if you have a bleeding disorder. Before starting ginger supplementation, check with your healthcare provider if you plan to take it regularly, if you have gallstones, or if you are on any blood-thinning medication.

[cannabiscardaz]

Unveiling the Therapeutic Benefits of Medical Marijuana

Medical marijuana, derived from the cannabis plant, has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic properties. As attitudes and regulations surrounding its use continue to evolve, it's essential to explore the compelling benefits this natural remedy offers. In this blog post, we delve into the various ways medical marijuana can positively impact health and well-being, shedding light on its potential as an alternative treatment option.

Pain Management:

Alleviating Chronic Pain: Discover how medical marijuana can provide relief for individuals suffering from chronic pain conditions, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, and neuropathy.

Reducing Inflammation: Explore the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids, which may help ease symptoms associated with conditions like multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Mental Health Support:

Anxiety and Depression Relief: Learn how certain compounds in medical marijuana, such as cannabidiol (CBD), may offer a natural approach to managing symptoms of anxiety and depression.

PTSD and Trauma Recovery: Uncover the potential of medical marijuana in helping individuals cope with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma-related conditions.

Nausea and Appetite Stimulation:

Cancer Treatment Support: Discuss the role of medical marijuana in mitigating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, as well as stimulating appetite for individuals undergoing cancer treatments.

HIV/AIDS Symptom Management: Explore how medical marijuana may alleviate symptoms like nausea, weight loss, and appetite loss in individuals living with HIV/AIDS.

Neurological Disorders:

Epilepsy Management: Learn about the promising effects of medical marijuana, particularly CBD, in reducing seizures in individuals with epilepsy.

Multiple Sclerosis Symptom Relief: Discover how medical marijuana may help manage symptoms like muscle spasticity, pain, and sleep disturbances in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Sleep Disorders:

Insomnia Treatment: Explore the potential of medical marijuana in improving sleep quality and alleviating insomnia symptoms, promoting restful and rejuvenating sleep.

Palliative Care and End-of-Life Support:

Comfort and Symptom Management: Discuss how medical marijuana can provide comfort and relief to individuals in palliative care, easing symptoms like pain, nausea, and anxiety in the final stages of life.

Potential Adjunct Therapy:

Reduced Reliance on Opioids: Highlight the possibility of medical marijuana serving as an adjunct therapy for chronic pain management, potentially reducing the need for opioid medications.

Medication Side Effect Mitigation: Discover how medical marijuana may help alleviate side effects associated with certain medications, improving overall treatment experiences for individuals.

Medical marijuana holds immense potential as a natural treatment option for various health conditions. From pain management and mental health support to alleviating nausea, stimulating appetite, and providing relief for neurological disorders, its benefits are broad and diverse. As research and understanding continue to evolve, medical marijuana has the potential to transform the lives of countless individuals seeking alternative approaches to their well-being. Embrace the therapeutic benefits of medical marijuana and engage in informed discussions with healthcare providers to determine if it's a suitable option for your unique needs.

[ezmedcard]

Chronic nausea can significantly impact daily life, making it difficult to eat, stay hydrated, and function normally. Medical marijuana is now a recognized treatment option in Kentucky, offering natural relief by interacting with the body’s endocannabinoid system to reduce nausea and vomiting. Patients suffering from conditions like chemotherapy-induced nausea, digestive disorders, or other chronic illnesses may qualify for an MMJ card. Consult with a licensed medical professional today to see if medical cannabis is the right solution for you and regain control of your well-being.

[kkumarsblog]

Exploring the Neuroendocrine Tumors Market: Trends and Future Growth

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare but increasingly recognized group of cancers that arise from neuroendocrine cells, which exhibit both nerve-like and hormone-producing characteristics. With growing awareness, improved diagnostic techniques, and expanding treatment options, the market for NETs has witnessed significant growth in recent years.

The Neuroendocrine Tumors Treatment Market is expanding due to advancements in targeted therapies and a better understanding of the disease. This article explores market trends, size, forecasts, key companies, and major factors shaping the future of NET treatments.

Market Overview and Growth Factors

Neuroendocrine tumors can develop in multiple organs, with the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and pancreas being the most common sites. Depending on their growth rate, NETs can be either slow-progressing or aggressive, making diagnosis challenging. The increasing adoption of cutting-edge imaging techniques, such as PET scans and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, has led to earlier detection and improved treatment outcomes.

Neuroendocrine Tumors Market Size

The Neuroendocrine Tumors Market Size is projected to witness significant expansion, driven by rising prevalence, early detection, and the introduction of novel therapies. According to DelveInsight, the global NETs market was valued at approximately USD 2.5 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of around 6% over the next decade. Factors such as the increased use of somatostatin analogs, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), and molecularly targeted treatments contribute to this growth.

Key Neuroendocrine Tumors Companies

Several pharmaceutical companies and research institutions are actively developing innovative treatments for NETs. The Neuroendocrine Tumors Companies leading the market include:

Novartis – A key player with its well-established product, Sandostatin (octreotide), a somatostatin analog used in NET treatment.

Ipsen – Known for Somatuline Depot (lanreotide), another somatostatin analog widely used for NET management.

Advanced Accelerator Applications – A leader in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with its product, Lutathera (lutetium Lu 177 dotatate).

Pfizer – Working on innovative therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors for NET treatment.

Neuroendocrine Tumors Drugs Market Outlook

The Neuroendocrine Tumors Drugs Market is evolving with increasing research in targeted therapies. Traditional chemotherapy has shown limited success, prompting a shift toward precision medicine. Key advancements include somatostatin analogs, PRRT, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, offering improved patient outcomes.

Conclusion

The Neuroendocrine Tumors market is poised for substantial growth, driven by continuous advancements in diagnostics, increasing disease awareness, and a robust pipeline of innovative therapies. While challenges such as treatment costs and limited awareness persist, ongoing research and development efforts are expected to enhance treatment accessibility and patient outcomes in the coming years.

Latest Reports Offered By Delveinsight

Yellow Fever Market | Achromatopsia Market | Acute Pancreatitis Market | Adeno-associated Virus Aav Vectors In Gene Therapy Market | Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Market | Alcoholic Hepatitis Market | Angio Suites Market | Anorectal Malformation Market | Aspergillosis Market | Atherosclerosis Market | Bartonellosis Market | Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome Market | Beta Thalessemia Market | Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infection Market | Cataplexy Market | Chemotherapy Induced Anemia Market | Chemotherapy Induced Nausea And Vomiting Market | Chemotherapy Induced Thrombocytopenia Market | Chronic Heart Failure Market | Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Market | Chronic Inflammtory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Market | Chronic Plaque Psoriasis Market | Congestive Heart Failure Market

About DelveInsight

DelveInsight is a market research and consulting firm specializing in life sciences and healthcare. We deliver valuable insights to help pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies succeed in a competitive and rapidly changing industry.

Contact InformationKanishk Email: kkumar@delveinsight.com

[actioncancerhospital24]

Managing Side Effects During Gynecologic Cancer Treatment: Expert Tips

Introduction

Gynecologic cancers, including ovarian, cervical, uterine, vulvar, and vaginal cancers, require aggressive treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. While these treatments are essential for fighting cancer, they often come with challenging side effects that can impact a patient’s quality of life. Managing side effects effectively can help patients stay strong throughout their treatment journey. In this article, we will explore expert-recommended strategies to manage side effects and improve overall well-being during gynae Oncology Cancer Treatment.

1. Understanding Common Side Effects of Gynecologic Cancer Treatment

Before discussing management strategies, it's important to understand the common side effects of gynecologic cancer treatments, which include:

Nausea and vomiting

Fatigue and weakness

Hair loss (Alopecia)

Loss of appetite and weight changes

Neuropathy (nerve pain and numbness)

Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)

Skin changes and irritation

Sexual and reproductive health concerns

Emotional distress and depression

By being aware of these potential side effects, patients can prepare and take proactive steps to minimize discomfort.

2. Managing Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Here’s how to manage them:

Eat small, frequent meals instead of large portions.

Stay hydrated with clear fluids like ginger tea, electrolyte drinks, and broth.

Avoid greasy, spicy, and strong-smelling foods that can trigger nausea.

Use prescribed anti-nausea medications such as ondansetron or promethazine as advised by your doctor.

Practice deep breathing and relaxation techniques to ease nausea.

3. Coping with Fatigue and Weakness

Cancer-related fatigue can be overwhelming, but these strategies can help:

Get plenty of rest and allow your body to recover.

Engage in light physical activities like walking or stretching to improve energy levels.

Maintain a balanced diet rich in protein, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates.

Prioritize tasks and ask for support from family and friends.

Try relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing.

4. Dealing with Hair Loss (Alopecia)

Hair loss due to chemotherapy can be distressing. Consider these approaches:

Use a gentle shampoo and avoid heat styling tools.

Opt for cold caps that may reduce hair loss during chemotherapy.

Consider wigs, scarves, or hats to maintain confidence and comfort.

Embrace your natural beauty—hair loss is temporary, and it will grow back after treatment.

5. Managing Appetite Loss and Weight Changes

Some patients experience loss of appetite or weight fluctuations during cancer treatment. Tips to manage this include:

Eat nutrient-dense foods like avocados, nuts, and lean proteins.

Opt for smoothies or shakes if solid foods are difficult to consume.

Set reminders to eat even if you don’t feel hungry.

Stay hydrated but avoid drinking large amounts of liquid before meals.

Consult a nutritionist for personalized meal planning.

6. Controlling Neuropathy (Nerve Pain and Numbness)

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy can cause tingling, numbness, or pain in hands and feet. To alleviate symptoms:

Use warm compresses to soothe affected areas.

Wear comfortable shoes and avoid extreme temperatures.

Take prescribed medications such as gabapentin if needed.

Engage in physical therapy or gentle stretching.

Avoid activities that put pressure on numb areas to prevent injuries.

7. Managing Digestive Issues: Diarrhea and Constipation

Bowel changes are common during treatment. Here’s how to address them:

For diarrhea:

Stay hydrated with water and electrolyte-rich drinks.

Eat low-fiber foods like bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast.

Avoid dairy, caffeine, and fatty foods.

For constipation:

Increase fiber intake with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Stay active with light exercises.

Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day.

Use stool softeners if necessary, as advised by your doctor.

8. Caring for Your Skin During Treatment

Radiation and chemotherapy can cause skin irritation, dryness, and sensitivity. Keep your skin healthy by:

Using fragrance-free, gentle moisturizers regularly.

Wearing sunscreen to protect against sun sensitivity.

Avoiding hot showers and harsh soaps that can dry out the skin.

Using cool compresses for radiation burns or irritation.

9. Addressing Sexual and Reproductive Health Concerns

Gynecologic cancer treatments can impact sexual health and fertility. Patients may experience vaginal dryness, discomfort during intimacy, or fertility challenges. Here’s what can help:

Use water-based lubricants to reduce vaginal dryness.

Talk openly with your partner about concerns and find comfortable ways to maintain intimacy.

Seek support from a specialist in sexual health or reproductive medicine.

Consider fertility preservation options if planning to have children in the future.

10. Managing Emotional Health and Seeking Support

Cancer treatment is not just physically demanding—it also affects emotional well-being. To cope with stress, anxiety, or depression:

Join a cancer support group to connect with others going through similar experiences.

Consider professional counseling or therapy.

Practice relaxation techniques like mindfulness and meditation.

Stay engaged in hobbies and activities that bring joy.

Lean on friends and family for emotional support.

Conclusion

Managing side effects during gynecologic cancer treatment is crucial for improving comfort and quality of life. By adopting these expert-backed strategies, patients can minimize discomfort, maintain strength, and focus on their journey to recovery. Always consult with your healthcare team for personalized advice tailored to your specific needs. You are not alone—support is available to help you every step of the way.

If you or a loved one is undergoing gynecologic cancer treatment, consider reaching out to Action Cancer Hospital for expert care and support.

[yourcancerguru]

Protein Smoothie Recipes to Try

Smoothies can serve as a valuable nutritional intervention for individuals undergoing cancer treatment due to their high nutrient density, ease of digestion, and adaptability to specific dietary needs. Cancer therapies frequently contribute to diminished appetite, gastrointestinal discomfort, and dysphagia (difficulty swallowing),making adequate nutrition challenging. By delivering a concentrated source of essential vitamins, minerals, and calories in a palatable and easily digestible form, smoothies can help patients sustain energy levels, support immune function, and maintain a healthy weight. Below are several smoothie recipes, each formulated to address specific nutritional concerns and enhance overall well-being during cancer treatment. 

Berry Protein Smoothie

Berries are highly beneficial due to their rich antioxidant content, particularly flavonoids, anthocyanins, and vitamin C, which help combat oxidative stress and inflammation. Berries also support immune function, enhance cellular repair, and can aid in reducing treatment related side effects such as fatigue and cognitive decline.

Here’s the recipe: Berry Protein Smoothie

Peach Smoothie

Peaches provide essential nutrients that can be particularly beneficial for individuals undergoing treatment. They’re rich in vitamins A and C, which support immune function and cellular repair.  They also contain antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress induced by treatment. Peaches have natural fiber that can aid in digestion and alleviate constipation, a common side-effect of treatment.

Here’s the recipe: Peach Smoothie

Papaya & Ginger Smoothie

Papaya is rich in digestive enzymes, particularly papain, which supports gut health and can aid in alleviating digestive discomfort caused by treatment. Papaya is also a potent source of antioxidants, including vitamins A, C, and E, which can help reduce oxidative stress and support immune function. Ginger is widely recognized for its anti-nausea properties and can help manage chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Ginger has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help mitigate treatment-related inflammation and support overall well-being.

Here’s the recipe: Papaya & Ginger Smoothie

Mango Blueberry Smoothie

Mango is rich in vitamins A and C, which help strengthen immune function and promote cellular repair. It also contains digestive enzymes that support gut health, while its natural fiber aids in digestion and helps prevent constipation, a common side effect of treatment.

Blueberries are among the most potent sources of antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins, which help combat oxidative stress and inflammation induced by cancer treatments. They also support cognitive function, immune health, and cardiovascular well-being.

Here’s the recipe: Mango Blueberry Smoothie

Simple Green Smoothie

Leafy greens are an essential component of a cancer-supportive diet due to their high concentration of vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. They are rich in antioxidants such as vitamin C, beta-carotene, and flavonoids, which help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation caused by cancer treatments. Greens also provide folate, a crucial nutrient for DNA repair and cell function, as well as vitamin K, which supports bone health and proper blood clotting.

Here’s the recipe: Simple Green Smoothie

Coconut Green Smoothie

Coconut, in its various forms, offers additional benefits. Coconut water is an excellent source of hydration and electrolytes, which can help replenish fluids lost during treatment. Coconut milk and coconut oil provide healthy medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which serve as an easily digestible energy source, particularly for patients experiencing unintentional weight loss or fatigue. Leafy greens are an essential component of a cancer-supportive diet due to their high concentration of vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients.

Here’s the recipe: Coconut Green Smoothie

Strawberry & Banana Smoothie

Strawberries are rich in antioxidants, particularly vitamin C and flavonoids, which help combat oxidative stress and support immune function. They also contain ellagic acid, a compound with potential anti-inflammatory and cancer-protective properties.

Bananas provide an excellent source of easily digestible carbohydrates, making them a quick and gentle energy source for individuals struggling with fatigue. They are also high in potassium, which helps maintain electrolyte balance and prevent treatment-related muscle cramps and dehydration.

Here’s the recipe: Strawberry & Banana Smoothie

Pumpkin Pie Smoothie

Pumpkin is highly beneficial for individuals undergoing cancer treatment due to its rich nutrient profile and ease of digestion. It is an excellent source of beta-carotene, a powerful antioxidant that the body converts into vitamin A, which supports immune function, skin integrity, and cellular repair. Pumpkin also provides essential vitamins C and E, which help combat oxidative stress and inflammation induced by cancer treatments.

Here’s the recipe: Pumpkin Pie Smoothie

The key ingredient in each of these recipes is protein.  While there are many protein powders on the market, there are only a few that I actually recommend to my patients. Here’s what I look for in a protein powder…

Organic ✅

Plant-based ✅

Dairy and Whey free ✅

Gluten free ✅

Collagen free ✅ (yes, this is important for those who have cancer!)

No added sugars ✅

No artificial sweeteners ✅

No preservatives, fillers, or unnatural stabilizers ✅

The one I personally use and love, is Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein. 

I hope this information is helpful and you enjoy the recipes above!

[nikshahxai]

Understanding the 5-HT3 Receptor Family: Insights from Nik Shah

The serotonin system, which is vital for regulating mood, cognition, and various other physiological processes, is primarily governed by serotonin receptors. One such receptor family, the 5-HT3 receptors, plays a crucial role in the nervous system and has garnered increasing attention for its involvement in mental health and other disorders. Nik Shah, a distinguished researcher in neuroscience, has extensively studied the 5-HT3 receptor family, exploring their structure, function, and implications for therapeutic approaches. In this article, we will dive into the significant findings from Shah’s research and the importance of the 5-HT3 receptor family.

What Are 5-HT3 Receptors?

5-HT3 receptors are part of the serotonin receptor family, but unlike other serotonin receptors, they belong to the ion channel receptor class rather than the G-protein-coupled receptor family. This means that when serotonin binds to a 5-HT3 receptor, it directly opens an ion channel, allowing the flow of ions such as sodium and calcium into the cell. This mechanism is crucial for fast neurotransmission and plays an important role in processes such as vomiting, anxiety, and pain perception. As Nik Shah explains in The Structure and Function of 5-HT3 Receptors, these receptors are distributed widely in the brain and the gastrointestinal system, making them key players in both central and peripheral nervous system functions.

Structure and Function of 5-HT3 Receptors

The 5-HT3 receptors have a unique structure compared to other serotonin receptors, which are typically G-protein-coupled. As Shah discusses in Structure and Function of 5-HT3 Receptors, these receptors consist of five subunits that form an ion channel. When serotonin binds to the receptor, it causes the ion channel to open, allowing positive ions to enter the neuron. This rapid influx of ions influences the activity of the neurons, making 5-HT3 receptors particularly important in fast signaling processes. This receptor's involvement in the rapid transmission of information is significant for brain regions that control processes like anxiety, nausea, and gastrointestinal function.

Overview of the 5-HT3 Receptor Family

Nik Shah’s work also focuses on the broader family of 5-HT3 receptors. In his article Overview of 5-HT3 Receptors, Shah elaborates on how these receptors are essential in modulating a variety of physiological responses. From their role in neurotransmission to their implications in disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chemotherapy-induced nausea, 5-HT3 receptors are critical targets for pharmaceutical development. Additionally, these receptors play a significant role in pain perception, where abnormal 5-HT3 receptor activity is associated with conditions like migraines and fibromyalgia.

The Role of 5-HT3 Receptors in Mental Health

5-HT3 receptors have significant implications for mental health, particularly in relation to anxiety, depression, and nausea. As explored in Shah's article, Overview of the 5-HT3 Receptor Family, the activity of these receptors can influence the severity of anxiety and stress responses. Overactivation of 5-HT3 receptors has been linked to anxiety disorders, and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (drugs that block the receptor's activity) are often used to treat symptoms of anxiety and nausea. This highlights the dual role of the 5-HT3 receptors in both mental health and gastrointestinal health.

Implications for Pharmaceutical Research

Nik Shah’s research into the 5-HT3 receptor family sheds light on the potential for targeted drug development. As mentioned in the article Overview of 5-HT3 Receptors: Structure and Function, understanding the receptor's structure and its involvement in fast neurotransmission opens up possibilities for designing drugs that can modulate its activity. For instance, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are already widely used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. These drugs block serotonin’s action at the 5-HT3 receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract, preventing nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. Future research may lead to more targeted treatments for conditions such as anxiety, IBS, and chronic pain.

Conclusion: The Growing Importance of 5-HT3 Receptors

Nik Shah’s exploration of the 5-HT3 receptor family highlights their crucial role in both mental and physical health. From regulating neurotransmission in the brain to influencing gastrointestinal function and pain perception, these receptors have far-reaching implications. The research on 5-HT3 receptors not only deepens our understanding of serotonin’s action in the body but also paves the way for new treatments that could improve the quality of life for those suffering from conditions related to these receptors.

For more in-depth research on 5-HT3 receptors, explore Nik Shah’s articles:

The Structure and Function of 5-HT3 Receptors

Overview of 5-HT3 Receptors: Structure and Function

Structure and Function of 5-HT3 Receptors

Overview of the 5-HT3 Receptor Family

Overview of 5-HT3 Receptors

Explore More on @nikshahxai

Personal Development & Education

Philosophy, Ethics & Society

Technology & Innovation

Life Sciences & Health

About the Authors

For more information about Nik Shah's digital presence, as well as insights from contributing authors such as Nanthaphon Yingyongsuk, Sean Shah, Gulab Mirchandani, Darshan Shah, Kranti Shah, John DeMinico, Rajeev Chabria, Francis Wesley, Sony Shah, Dilip Mirchandani, Nattanai Yingyongsuk, Subun Yingyongsuk, Theeraphat Yingyongsuk, and Saksid Yingyongsuk, click here to explore further.

[importantenthusiasttraveler]

“Acupoint PC6: Unlocking Its Potential for Nausea Relief”

Introduction

Nausea can be a debilitating experience, significantly impacting daily life and enjoyment. While conventional medications and treatments exist, many individuals seek alternative approaches to manage this discomfort. Acupuncture is one such method gaining popularity for its potential to alleviate nausea through specific acupoints. Among these points, Acupoint PC6, also known as Pericardium 6 or Neiguan, stands out for its remarkable efficacy in treating nausea. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of Acupoint PC6, its benefits, how it works, and its https://www.google.com/maps/place/360+Jasmine+Acupuncture+%26+Wellness/@30.334286,-97.7568222,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x8644cd76ea1e399f:0x283cdddede256b95!8m2!3d30.334286!4d-97.7568222!16s%2Fg%2F11nxfrmdx3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDEwNi4xIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D role in acupuncture therapy.

Acupoint PC6: Unlocking Its Potential for Nausea Relief

What is Acupoint PC6?

Acupoint PC6 is located on the inner forearm, approximately two fingerbreadths above the wrist crease between the tendons of the palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis muscles. This point is easily accessible and is commonly stimulated during acupuncture sessions to combat various ailments, particularly nausea.

How Does Acupuncture Work?

Acupuncture operates on the principle of balancing energy, or Qi (pronounced "chee"), within the body. By inserting fine needles into specific acupoints like PC6, practitioners aim to regulate energy flow and stimulate the body’s natural healing processes. This holistic approach not only addresses symptoms but also targets underlying issues contributing to conditions such as nausea.

Understanding Nausea: Causes and Symptoms What Causes Nausea?

Nausea can stem from numerous factors including:

Digestive disorders Motion sickness Food poisoning Medications Stress and anxiety Pregnancy Common Symptoms of Nausea

Symptoms accompanying nausea may include:

Sweating Increased salivation Dizziness Abdominal discomfort Vomiting The Role of Acupuncture in Treating Nausea Acupuncture Benefits for Nausea Relief

Numerous studies have highlighted the benefits of acupuncture in alleviating nausea, especially post-operative nausea and chemotherapy-induced nausea. The following are key advantages:

Non-invasive: Unlike medications that often come with side effects, acupuncture provides a non-invasive solution. Holistic Approach: It addresses both physical symptoms and emotional well-being. Long-lasting Effects: Many patients report sustained relief after just a few sessions. Does Acupuncture Hurt?

One common concern about acupuncture is pain. However, most individuals find that the sensation of needle insertion is minimal—often described as a slight pinch or tingling feeling rather than pain.

Exploring Other Treatment Options: Dry Needling vs Acupuncture What Is Dry Needling?

Dry needling involves inserting needles into trigger points in muscles to relieve pain and tension. While it uses similar techniques to acupuncture, it differs significantly in philosophy and application.

Comparative Analysis: Dry Needling vs Acupuncture

|

[ontariobusiness]

How Acupuncture Supports Cancer Patients During Treatment

Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation can bring about challenging side effects, including fatigue, nausea, pain, and emotional stress.

While these treatments are essential for fighting cancer, many patients seek complementary therapies to improve their quality of life during this difficult time. Acupuncture in Cambridge offers a safe and effective way to help cancer patients manage symptoms and enhance their overall well-being.

1. Easing Nausea and Vomiting

One of the most well-documented benefits of acupuncture for cancer patients is its ability to reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. By stimulating specific points, acupuncture helps regulate the digestive system and minimize these debilitating side effects, allowing patients to stay nourished and hydrated.

2. Alleviating Pain and Discomfort

Cancer treatments can cause physical discomfort, including joint pain, muscle aches, and neuropathy. Acupuncture works by promoting blood circulation, reducing inflammation, and releasing endorphins—your body’s natural painkillers. This makes it an effective option for managing pain without relying solely on medication.

3. Improving Sleep and Reducing Fatigue

Many cancer patients struggle with insomnia or fatigue, which can affect their ability to recover and cope with treatment. Acupuncture helps calm the nervous system, reduce stress, and regulate sleep patterns, allowing patients to feel more rested and energized.

4. Supporting Emotional Well-Being

The emotional toll of a cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming. Acupuncture can help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression by balancing the body’s energy and promoting a sense of calm and relaxation.

5. Enhancing Overall Quality of Life

Acupuncture in Cambridge provides a holistic approach to supporting cancer patients, addressing both physical and emotional symptoms. By integrating this therapy into their treatment plan, many patients experience improved comfort and resilience during their journey. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure acupuncture aligns with your specific needs.

[amamtrading]

Medical Cannabis: Exploring Its Role in Healthcare

Cannabis, long known for its recreational use, is now gaining recognition for its medicinal properties. This versatile plant is being used to treat a variety of medical conditions, offering relief to patients where conventional treatments sometimes fall short. This article takes a closer look at the therapeutic uses of cannabis, the science behind its effects, and its potential challenges.

The Science Behind Medical Cannabis

Cannabis contains over 100 active compounds, known as cannabinoids, that interact with the human body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS regulates vital functions such as mood, pain, appetite, and immune response.

The two most prominent cannabinoids are:

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): This compound has psychoactive effects, making it effective for managing pain, nausea, and appetite issues.

Cannabidiol (CBD): Unlike THC, CBD is non-psychoactive and is valued for its calming, anti-inflammatory, and anti-seizure properties.

These cannabinoids work in synergy to provide relief from various medical symptoms, making cannabis an increasingly popular option in healthcare.

Conditions That Benefit from Cannabis Therapy

Pain Relief Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons for medical cannabis use. Conditions like arthritis, fibromyalgia, and nerve damage respond well to cannabis, which reduces pain and inflammation through its interaction with pain receptors.

Epilepsy Treatment CBD-based medications like Epidiolex have revolutionized the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy, particularly in rare conditions such as Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. These medications significantly reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.

Cancer Symptom Management While cannabis does not cure cancer, it alleviates symptoms like chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss. This improves the quality of life for patients undergoing treatment.

Mental Health Support Anxiety, depression, and PTSD are increasingly being managed with cannabis. CBD’s ability to regulate serotonin levels offers a natural alternative to traditional antidepressants, often with fewer side effects.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Relief MS patients benefit from cannabis-based therapies like Sativex, which help reduce muscle spasms, stiffness, and chronic pain, improving mobility and comfort.

Sleep Enhancement Insomnia and other sleep disorders can be addressed with cannabis. THC is effective in shortening the time it takes to fall asleep, while CBD promotes relaxation and improves sleep quality.

Appetite Stimulation THC plays a critical role in stimulating appetite in patients with conditions like HIV/AIDS, helping combat weight loss and malnutrition.

Research and Global Perspectives

The growing body of research on cannabis supports its medical applications. For example, clinical trials have highlighted its effectiveness in reducing seizures, alleviating chronic pain, and improving the well-being of patients with debilitating illnesses.

Despite these advancements, regulatory approval varies. Countries like Canada and several U.S. states have embraced medical cannabis, while others remain cautious due to the potential for misuse and the need for further scientific validation.

Challenges and Risks of Medical Cannabis

While cannabis shows promise, it is not without challenges:

Side Effects: Common issues include dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, and temporary memory impairment.

Mental Health Concerns: THC can exacerbate conditions like schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals.

Dependence Risks: Long-term use may lead to dependency if not monitored carefully.

Dosage Challenges: Inconsistencies in dosage and product quality in some regions can affect treatment outcomes.

These risks underscore the importance of professional medical guidance for safe and effective use.

The Future of Cannabis in Medicine

The future of medical cannabis looks promising, with advancements shaping its role in healthcare:

Tailored Treatments: Innovations in cannabis genetics are paving the way for condition-specific therapies.

New Delivery Methods: Products like transdermal patches, topical creams, and pharmaceutical-grade extracts make cannabis treatment more accessible and precise.

Cutting-Edge Research: With technology such as artificial intelligence, researchers are gaining deeper insights into how cannabis interacts with the human body, optimizing its medical potential.

As the stigma around cannabis fades and research continues to expand, its role in modern medicine is set to grow.

Conclusion

Medical cannabis has transformed from a controversial substance to a promising medical therapy. Its ability to address chronic pain, neurological disorders, mental health issues, and more positions it as a valuable addition to healthcare. However, like any treatment, it requires careful consideration and professional supervision to ensure its benefits outweigh the risks.

With ongoing advancements and increasing global acceptance, cannabis is poised to play an integral role in improving patient outcomes and expanding treatment options in modern medicine.