#Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

[jcsmicasereports]

Use of acupressure to reduce nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (literature study) by Maher Battat in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences

Abstract

Nausea and vomiting are distressing and serious problems for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy despite the fact that they are receiving antiemetics according to the standard guidelines which this problem is a huge challenge to nurses involved in cancer care.

Purpose: To explore and assess the effectiveness of using acupressure as a non-pharmacological intervention in addition to pharmacological interventions in reducing nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Method: A literature review was conducted of 8 articles published between 2006 and 2014. These included one study of a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial; one quasi-experimental model with a control group; four articles reporting on randomized control trials (RCTs); one systematic review study; and one review study. Key Findings: Seven of the articles we read supported the effect of an acupressure P6 Wristband in reducing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients and other databases also supported that finding. The one article with neutral results showed that there was no difference between a combination of acupuncture and acupressure treatment at P6 and at the sham point for the nausea score, but the level of nausea was very low in both groups.

Conclusion: We conclude that the acupressure P6 wrist band when applied to acupuncture point P6 is effective, safe, convenient, cost effective, and provides an easy, self-administrated, non-pharmacological intervention that can be used to reduce chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.

Keywords: Acupressure, Chemotherapy, Nausea and Vomiting, Cancer patients, Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Introduction

Nausea and vomiting are serious and troublesome side effects of cancer therapy. We chose this research topic in order to become familiar with the topic of the nausea and vomiting facing cancer patients during their chemotherapy treatment, which we have observed during our experience in the Oncology departments.

As nurses, we normally use updated and standard guidelines for managing clinical challenges. We reviewed the literature to explore whether there are alternative approaches to pharmacological management that might reduce or eliminate this problem. We found there are many interventions, such as music, acupuncture, acupressure, and yoga. We decided to assess the effectiveness of using acupressure to reduce the nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Acupressure is a type of complementary and alternative medicine which the National Cancer Institute (NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms) defines as follows: “Acupressure is the application of pressure or localized massage to specific sites on the body to control symptoms such as pain or nausea".

The Research Question

Can acupressure reduce nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy?

We have chosen to use the definitions of the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms:

“Nausea is an unpleasant wavelike feeling in the back of the throat and/or stomach that may lead to vomiting", and “Vomiting is throwing up the contents of the stomach through the mouth”.

Nausea and vomiting affect the patient’s whole life. These side effects lead to metabolic imbalance, fatigue, distress, and lowered quality of life. We would like to fine a simple, effective and cost effective way to manage these problems so we can put it to use in our hospital.

Method

A literature study is, “A critical presentation of knowledge from various academic written sources, and a discussion of the sources in view of a particular research question" (Synnes 2014). There are many challenges when doing a literature study. There are many databases and much literature and our search process had to find the correct, scientific and relevant databases. It required a lot of time and effort to find the full text of all relevant articles. Fortunately, we received excellent help from the librarian at the Betanien University High school.

We started the search process by making a PICO outline to narrow down the search and to find the correct key words and mesh terms.

P: (Population or participants) Cancer patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

I:  (Intervention or indicator) Acupressure.

C: (Comparator or control) No comparison or placebo.

O: (Outcome) Reduce nausea and vomiting.

We used PUBMED, Google scholar, scholar.najah.edu and other search engines. When we used Acupressure as a search word we found more than 800 studies. When we added chemotherapy, cancer patients, and nausea and vomiting, we brought this down to 14 articles. We read these and decided to use 8 articles only, one of which was a systematic review. We also used an unpublished Master’s thesis from An Najah National University. This thesis was cited in one of the articles that we decided to review. The key words used were: Acupressure, Chemotherapy, Nausea and Vomiting, Cancer patients, Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, with Acupressure as a mesh term.

We then critically appraised all the articles according to our checklist. We included only those articles that followed the IMRAD style (i.e. those including an introduction, method, results and discussion section). We excluded all articles that were more than ten years old (i.e. published before 2004), except for two articles: one was about the mechanism of acupressure, which seemed to be directly relevant to our research topic, while the second article was used in the discussion section to discuss certain factors related to the topic. We also excluded one of the review articles because its method appeared to be weak. One of the Cochran reviews was also dropped because it had not been updated.

Despite applying these strict criteria, we were still concerned lest we had left out some important articles or included an inappropriate one. However, we were reassured by the fact that the librarian at Betanien had guided us in our search.

Theoretical part

Nursing Need Theory and basic human needs

The Nursing Need Theory was developed by Virginia A. Henderson to define the unique focus of nursing practice. The theory focuses on the importance of increasing the patients’ independence to hasten their progress in the hospital. Henderson’s theory emphasizes the basic human needs and how nurses can assist in meeting those needs.

The 14 components of Need Theory present a holistic approach to nursing that covers the patient’s physiological, psychological, spiritual and social needs.

Physiological components

Breathe normally.

Eat and drink adequately.

Eliminate body wastes.

Move and maintain desirable postures.

Sleep and rest.

Select suitable clothes – dress and undress.

Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying the environment.

Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument.

Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others.

Psychological aspects of communicating and learning

Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions. Spiritual and moral

Worship according to one’s faith. Sociologically oriented to occupation and recreation

Work in such a way that there is sense of accomplishment.

Play or participate in various forms of recreation.

Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health, and use the available health facilities.

There is much similarity between Henderson’s 14 components and Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Henderson’s Components 1 to 9 are comparable to Maslow’s physiological needs, with the 9th component also being a safety need. Henderson’s 10th and 11th components are similar to Maslow’s love and belonging needs, while her 12th, 13th and 14th components match Maslow’s self-esteem needs (Vera 2014).

The second of Henderson’s physiological needs is the need to “Eat and drink adequately”. Only the need to breathe is given a higher priority than the need for adequate nutrition. For cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and suffering from chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, this need is the most critical.

Cancer prevalence and treatment

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and the spread of abnormal cells. It may be caused by internal factors, such as an inherited mutation, or a hormonal or immune condition, or it may result from a mutation from metabolism, or from external sources, such as tobacco use, radiation, chemicals and infectious organisms. Cancer is prevalent all over the world, in both developed and developing nations; it affects both sexes at all ages (Said 2009). The American Cancer Society (2010) estimated that 1,529,560 new cases of cancer were diagnosed in 2010 and that 80 % would be treated with chemotherapy; this means more than 1 million patients will be undergoing chemotherapy in any given year (Lee et al. 2010).

Cancer treatment may be based on chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical interventions. Chemotherapy is an important treatment in cancer care but it is associated with several side effects, such as bone marrow suppression, increased susceptibility to infection, diarrhea, hair loss, appetite changes, nausea and vomiting, among others (NCI Chemotherapy Side Effects Series, 2014).

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is the most prevalent and one of the hardest side effects to manage (Suh 2012).

Nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting (N&V) can be acute or delayed. The incidence of acute and delayed N&V was investigated in highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy treatment regimens. Patients were recruited from 14 oncology practices in six countries. Overall, more than 35% of patients experienced acute nausea, and 13% experienced acute emesis. In patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy, 60% experienced delayed nausea and 50% experienced delayed emesis. In patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, 52% experienced delayed nausea and 28% experienced delayed emesis. CINV was a substantial problem for patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy in ten community oncology clinics. Thirty-six percent of patients developed acute CINV, and 59% developed delayed CINV (NCI, Nausea and Vomiting, 2015).

Chemotherapy is the most common treatment-related cause of N&V. The incidence and severity of acute emesis in persons receiving chemotherapy varies according to many factors, including the particular drug, dose, schedule of administration, route, and individual patient variables.

Risk factors for acute emesis include:

Poor control with prior chemotherapy

Female gender

Younger age

Emetic classification:

The American Society of Clinical Oncology has developed a rating system for chemotherapeutic agents with their respective risk for acute and delayed emesis.

High risk: Emesis has been documented to occur in more than 90% of patients on the following chemotherapeutic agents:

Cisplatin (Platinol).

Mechlorethamine (Mustargen).

Streptozotocin (Zanosar).

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), 1,500 mg/m2 or more.

Carmustine (BiCNU).

Dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome).

Moderate risk: Emesis has been documented to occur in 30% to 90% of patients on the following chemotherapeutic agents:

Carboplatin (Paraplatin).

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), less than 1,500 mg/m2.

Daunorubicin (DaunoXome).

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin).

Epirubicin (Pharmorubicin).

Idarubicin (Idamycin).

Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin).

Cytarabine (Cytosar), more than 1 g/m2.

Ifosfamide (Ifex).

Irinotecan (Camptosar).

Low risk: Emesis that has been documented to occur in 10% to 30% of patients on the following chemotherapeutic agents:

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone).

Paclitaxel (Taxol).

Docetaxel (Taxotere).

Mitomycin (Mutamycin).

Topotecan (Hycamtin).

Gemcitabine (Gemzar).

Etoposide (Vepesid).

Pemetrexed (Alimta).

Methotrexate (Rheumatrex).

Cytarabine (Cytosar), less than 1,000 mg/m2.

Fluorouracil (Efudex).

Bortezomib (Velcade).

Cetuximab (Erbitux).

Trastuzumab (Herceptin).

Minimal risk: Emesis that has been documented to occur in fewer than 10% of patients on the following chemotherapeutic agents:

Vinorelbine (Navelbine).

Bevacizumab (Avastin).

Rituximab (Rituxan).

Bleomycin (Blenoxane).

Vinblastine (Velban).

Vincristine (Oncovin).

Busulphan (Myleran).

Fludarabine (Fludara).

2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (Leustatin).

In addition to the emetogenic potential of the agent, the dose and schedule used are also extremely important factors. For example, prescribing a drug with a low emetogenic potential to be given in high doses may cause a dramatic increase in its potential to induce N&V. For example, standard doses of cytarabine rarely produce N&V, but these often occur with high doses of this drug. Another factor to consider is the use of drug combinations. Because most patients receive combination chemotherapy, the emetogenic potential of all of the drugs combined needs to be considered, and not only that of individual drug doses.

Delayed (or late) N&V is that which occurs more than 24 hours after chemotherapy administration. Delayed N&V is associated with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide, and with other drugs (e.g., doxorubicin and ifosfamide) when given at high doses, or if given on 2 or more consecutive days.

Delayed emesis: Patients who experience acute emesis with chemotherapy are significantly more likely to have delayed emesis as well.

Risk factors: All the predicative characteristics for acute emesis are also considered risk factors for delayed emesis (NCI, Nausea and Vomiting, 2015).

The nausea and vomiting that are often associated with chemotherapy are a serious problem for cancer patients. Despite recent improvements in pharmaceutical technology, about 60% of cancer patients who receive antiemetic medications with their chemotherapy still suffer from nausea and vomiting, and as many as 20% of patients refuse to continue chemotherapy due to the severity of the nausea and vomiting (Shin et al. 2004). Early studies reported that patients cited nausea and vomiting as the most distressing symptoms when receiving chemotherapy. The distressing effect of severe nausea and vomiting can lead to nutritional deficiencies, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, fatigue, depression and anxiety; they can also disrupt the activities of daily living and cause a lot of work time to be lost (Said 2009).

Uncontrolled nausea and vomiting can interfere with adherence to treatment regimens, and may cause the oncologists to reduce chemotherapy doses. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is classified as being either “acute” if it happens within 24 hours post chemotherapy, or “delayed” if it occurs on days 2–5 of the chemotherapy cycle. The latter is particularly troublesome because there is no reliable pharmacological treatment for this problem. The American Society of Clinical Oncology’s (ASCO) recommendations include giving 5-HT3 (5-hydroxytryptamine, or serotonin) receptor antagonists plus corticosteroids before chemotherapy to patients who are at high risk for emesis. Nevertheless, many patients still experience nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy, and approximately one-third of patients have nausea of at least moderate intensity, resulting in a significant reduced quality of life (QOL). Therefore, the experts emphasize the need for an evaluation of additional ways to reduce these symptoms (Said 2009).

Pharmacological interventions for the management of nausea and vomiting

Historically, antiemetic treatment has steadily improved since the introduction, in 1981, of high-dose metoclopramide which reduced the amount of emesis. This was followed by the development of serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist in the early 1990s, and the 5-HT3 antagonists proved to be more effective than the prior medications in preventing CINV. The concomitant use of corticosteroids was found to further improve the control of emesis. Despite these improvements, nausea and vomiting still remain a problem for many patients. Recently, a new drug, the neurokinin NK (1) receptor antagonist has been shown to be more effective at preventing both acute and delayed CINV for patients treated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (Said 2009).

Non-pharmacological intervention for management of nausea and vomiting

Traditional Chinese medicine offers a possible intervention for the non-pharmacological treatment of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a system of medical care that was developed in China over thousands of years. It looks at the interaction between mind, body and environment, and aims to both prevent and cure illness and disease.

TCM is based on Chinese views and beliefs about the universe and the natural world. It is a very complex system. In this essay we can only give a brief overview of what TCM involves. It is very different from Western medicine; Chinese medicine practitioners believe there is no separation between the mind and body and that illness of every kind can be treated through the body. They use a combination of various practices that may include:

Herbal remedies (traditional Chinese medicines).

Acupuncture or acupressure.

Moxibustion (burning moxa – a cone or stick of dried herb).

Massage therapy.

Feng shui.

Breathing and movement exercises called qi gong (pronounced chee goong).

Movement exercises called tai chi (pronounced tie chee).

TCM practitioners say that TCM can help to:

Prevent and heal illness.

Enhance the immune system.

Improve creativity.

Improve the ability to enjoy life and work in general.

Beliefs behind TCM

According to traditional Chinese belief, humans are interconnected with nature and affected by its forces. The human body is seen as an organic whole in which the organs, tissues, and other parts have distinct functions but are all interdependent. In this view, health and disease relate to the balance or imbalance between the various functions. TCM treatments aim to cure problems by restoring the balance of energies.

There are important components that underlie the basis of TCM:

Yin-yang theory is the concept of two opposing but complementary forces that shape the world and all life. A balance of yin and yang maintains harmony in the body, the mind and the universe.

Qi (pronounced chee) energy or vital life force flows through the body along pathways known as meridians, and it is affected by the balance of yin and yang. It regulates spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical health. If there is a blockage or an imbalance in the energy flow, the individual becomes ill. TCM aims to restore the balance of qi energy.

The five elements – fire, earth, metal, water, and wood – is a concept that explains how the body works, with the elements corresponding to particular organs and tissues in the body.

The TCM approach uses 8 principles to analyse symptoms and puts particular conditions into groups: cold and heat, inside and outside, too much and not enough, and yin and yang (Cancer Research, UK, 2015).

In summary, chemotherapy related nausea is not well controlled by pharmacological agents and identifying methods to prevent and alleviate treatment-related nausea remains a major clinical challenge. Non-pharmacological interventions such as music, progressive muscle relaxation (Said 2009), and ginger herbal therapy (Montazeri A et al. 2013) have all been shown to reduce CINV. Among the non-pharmacological interventions that reduce CINV are acupuncture and acupressure, based on the assumption that the individual’s welfare depends on a balance of energy in the body and their overall energy level (Said 2009). Yarbro et al. (2011, p. 645) also indicate in Cancer nursing: principles and practice book that acupuncture and acupuncture-related interventions (electroacupoint stimulation, acupressure, acustimulation wrist bands, and electroacupuncture) can be used to control nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.

Molassiotis et al. (2007) claim that the need for additional relief has led to the interest in non-pharmacological adjuncts to drugs, such as acupuncture or acupressure, since combining anti-emetics with other non-pharmacological treatments may prove to be more effective, safe and convenient in decreasing nausea than antiemetics alone.

From the National Cancer Institute website we found that acupressure is recognised as one of the non-pharmacologic strategies used to manage nausea and vomiting (Nausea and Vomiting, 3 September 2014). We used this website to get up to date, relevant information.

Acupressure

Acupressure involves putting pressure with the fingers, or with bands, on the body’s acupoints and is easy to perform, painless, inexpensive, and is effective. The P6 (Pericardium 6) point (Nei-Guan) refers to a point located on the anterior surface of the forearm, 3-finger widths up from the first wrist crease and between the tendons of flexor carpiradialis and Palmaris longus (figure1). P6 can be stimulated by various methods. The most well-known technique is manual stimulation by the insertion and manual rotation of a very fine needle (manual acupuncture). An electrical current can be passed through the inserted needle (electroacupuncture). Electrical stimulation can also be applied via electrodes on the skin surface or by a ReliefBand, a wristwatch-like device providing non-invasive electrostimulation. Pressure can be applied either by pressing the acupoint with the fingers or by wearing an elastic wristband with an embedded stud (acupressure).

Acupressure is based on the ancient Eastern concept that Chi energy travels through pathways known as meridians. Along the meridians are acu-points, which are controlling points for the Chi energy flow. If the energy flow in meridians is slowed, blocked, or hyper-stimulated, it can be rebalanced or re-stimulated either by applying pressure (acupressure) or by inserting a needle (acupuncture) into one or more of these acupoints. Two points are known for relieving nausea and vomiting: the Nei-Guan point (P6) and the Joksamly point (ST36, located at 4-finger breadths below the knee depression lateral to the tibia).

Patients tend to prefer the P6 point over the ST36 point, Because of its ease of access and the freedom from restriction. When these points are correctly located and pressure applied, either through acupressure or acupuncture, the Chi energy flow is rebalanced, resulting in relief from nausea and vomiting.

The practice of acupressure requires some training and experience, but the technique is widely accessible to any healthcare professionals, particularly to clinical nurses. This acupressure technique is an approach that should be tried not only by healthcare professionals but also by family members or the patients themselves (Shin et al. 2004).

According to the teaching of traditional Chinese medicine, illness results from an imbalance in the flow of energy through the body. This energy or Qi (chee) is restored through the use of acupuncture and acupressure at certain points on the body that have been identified through critical observation and testing over 4000 years. In scientific terms, the neurochemicals that are released after needling or pressure at a specific point may be responsible for this effect. The most commonly used point for nausea and vomiting is Pericardium 6 (Neiguan or P6), located above the wrist (Molassiotis et al. 2007).

The literature review on acupressure

Acupressure for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (Said 2009)

For a master degree in public health from An-najah National University, Said (2009) described a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial that was done in Palestine with 126 women on chemotherapy for breast cancer. In this study the researcher divided the patients into 3 groups: the first group (n=42) received acupressure with bilateral stimulation of P6, the second group (n=42) received bilateral placebo stimulation, and the third group (n=42), which served as a control group, received no acupressure wrist band, but all groups received pharmacological management of their nausea and vomiting. Acupressure was applied using a Sea-Band (Sea-Band UK Ltd, Leicestershire, England) that patients had to wear for five days following the administration of chemotherapy. Assessment of acute and delayed nausea and emesis, quality of life, patients’ satisfaction, recommendation of treatment and requests for a rescue antiemetic were obtained. Said (2009) concluded that the acupressure showed benefits for delayed nausea and the mean number of delayed emetic episodes. Acupressure may therefore offer an inexpensive, convenient, and self-administered intervention for patients on chemotherapy to reduce nausea and vomiting at home during days 2-5 after chemotherapy. In addition, the percentage of patients who were satisfied with the treatment (≥ 3 on a 0-6 scale) was 81% (35/42) in the P6-acupressure group, and 64% (27/42) in the placebo group (p= 0.0471). The percentage of patients who would recommend acupressure treatment was 79% (34/42) in the P6-acupressure group, and 62% (26/42) in the placebo group (p= 0.0533). We used this study because it had a lot of essential information, it used the IMRAD system and was also mentioned in the literature (Genç and Tan 2014). This study demonstrated that the mean scores for the acupressure group were lower for both acute and delayed nausea.

Review of Acupressure Studies for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Control. (Lee et al. 2008)

In the Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Jiyeon Lee et al. (2008) reviewed ten controlled studies on acupressure in order to evaluate the effects of a non-invasive intervention, acupressure, when combined with antiemetics for the control of CINV. The review evaluated one quasi-experimental and nine randomized clinical trials, which included two specific acupressure modalities, namely, an acupressure band and finger acupressure. The effects of the acupressure modalities were compared study by study. Four of the seven acupressure band trials supported the positive effects of acupressure, whereas three acupressure band trials did not support the effects of acupressure. However, all the studies with negative results had methodological issues. In contrast, the one quasi-experimental and two of the randomized finger acupressure trials all supported the positive effects of acupressure on CINV control. The reported effects of the two acupressure modalities produced variable results at each stage of CINV. Acupressure bands were most effective in controlling acute nausea, whereas finger acupressure controlled delayed nausea and vomiting. The overall effect of acupressure was strongly indicative but not conclusive. We used this article because it is relevant, a review study, and is from a known journal.

The effects of P6 acupressure in the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients. (Molassiotis et al. 2007)

As reported in the journal Complementary Therapies in Medicine, acupressure was applied using wristbands (Sea-Band™) in a randomized controlled trial conducted in two centres in the UK. Patients in the experimental group had to wear these bands for the five days following their chemotherapy administration. Assessments of nausea, retching and vomiting were obtained from all patients, daily, for five days. Molassiotis et al. (2007) evaluated the effectiveness of using acupressure on the Pericardium 6 (Neiguan) acupoint in managing CINV. Thirty-six patients took part in the study, with 19 patients allocated to the control group and 17 to the experimental group. The results showed that nausea with retching, nausea, and vomiting with retching, and the accompanying distress were all significantly lower in the experimental group as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The only exception was the vomiting, where the difference was close to significance (p = 0.06). We used this article because it had a strong study design and also used an IMRAD system.

Acupuncture and acupressure for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea- a randomized cross-over pilot study. (Melchart et al. 2006)

In a randomized, cross-over trial, Melchart et al. (2006) studied 28 patients receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy and a conventional standard antiemetic for one chemotherapy cycle, followed by a combination of acupuncture and acupressure at point P6 for one cycle, and for another cycle a combination of acupuncture and acupressure at a close sham point. The results showed that there was no difference in the nausea score between the combined acupuncture treatment at P6 and at the sham point, but the level of nausea was very low in both cases. We used this study because the article had neutral results and because we trusted the source of article, coming as it did from a cancer support care journal.

The efficacy of acupoint stimulation for the management of therapy adverse events in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review. (Chao et al. 2009)

This is a systematic review of 26 articles published between 1999 to 2008 examining the efficacy of acupressure, acupuncture or acupoint stimulation (APS) for the management of adverse events due to the treatment of breast cancer. Published online on 17 September 2009 in the Breast Cancer Research and Treatment journal, 23 trials reported revealed that APS on P6 was beneficial in treating CINV. Chao et al. (2009) also presented the findings from three high quality studies comparing APS groups with control groups, which indicated that APS is beneficial in the management of CINV and especially in the acute phase, even with the non-invasive intervention. Health care professionals should consider using APS, and in particular acupressure on the P6 acupoint, as an option for the management of CINV. Furthermore, as a cost effective intervention, it warrants further investigation. We used this article because it used the IMRAD structure.

'Until the trial is complete you can’t really say whether it helped you or not, can you?’: exploring cancer patients’ perceptions of taking part in a trial of acupressure wristbands. (Hughes et al. 2013)

In Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Hughes et al. report on qualitative research undertaken with patients receiving chemotherapy in the UK. A convenience sample of 26 patients volunteered to participate in the clinical trial and to explore their experiences of using acupressure wristbands. Participants were recruited from three geographical sites: nine were recruited from Manchester, nine from Liverpool, and eight from Plymouth and the surrounding regions. Ten of the participating patients received true acupressure during the trial, 9 received sham acupressure, and 7 received no acupressure. Hughes et al. (2013) concluded that the research provided insights into cancer patients’ motivations and experience of taking part in a clinical trial for a complementary alternative medicine intervention, in which the participants perceived acupressure wristbands to reduce the level of nausea and vomiting experienced during their chemotherapy treatment. This article is important because it includes the benefits experienced by the patients taking part in the trial. This is also the first qualitative study to explore patients’ experiences of using acupressure wristbands and their perceptions of the effects. In the study, the patients perceived the wristbands as reducing their level of nausea and vomiting experienced due to their chemotherapy treatment. The study was an RCT.

The effect of acupressure application on chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and anxiety in patients with breast cancer. (Genç and Tan 2014)

Genç and Tan (2014) reported on a quasi-experimental study in Turkey with 64 patients with stages 1–3 breast cancer who received two or more cycles of advanced chemotherapy. Thirty two patients were in the experimental group, and thirty two in the control group. To determine the effect of acupressure P6 on CINV and anxiety in these patients, the P6 acupressure wristband was applied to the experimental group. Genç and Tan (2014) concluded that the total mean scores for patients in the experimental group, for nausea, vomiting and retching, were lower than those of the patients in the control group over the five days of application. We used this article because it is a recent and quasi-experimental study and used the IMRAD system.

The effects of P6 acupressure and nurse-provided counselling on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with breast cancer. (Suh 2012)

Suh (2012) reported in the Oncology Nursing Forum on a RCT in South Korea with 120 women who were receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. These patients had all had more than mild levels of nausea and vomiting during their first cycle of chemotherapy. The participants were assigned randomly to one of four groups: a control group (a placebo on a specific location on the hand); a counselling only group; a P6 acupressure only group; and a P6 acupressure plus nurse-provided counselling group. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of pericardium 6 (P6) acupressure and nurse-provided counselling on CINV in patients with breast cancer. Suh (2012) concluded that nurse-provided counselling and P6 acupressure were together the most effective in reducing CINV in patients with breast cancer. We used this article because it is the first RCT evaluating the isolated and combined effects of P6 acupressure and counselling in reducing CINV among non-Western patients. The findings of the study support the use of P6 acupressure together with counselling that is focused on cognitive awareness, affective readiness, symptom acceptance, and the use of available resources as an adjunct to antiemetic medicine for the control of CINV. The article used the IMRAD system.

Discussion

Can acupressure reduce nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy?

In our experience, we have usually used metoclopramide (pramin) plus serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist (as Ondansetron and Granisetron), plus Dexamethasone plus neurokinin NK (1) (as Emend - aprepitant) for moderate to high ematogenic chemotherapy, yet some of the patients have still suffered from nausea and vomiting. After reviewing the literature we would like to use the acupressure P6 wrist band to solve this problem as the findings of our literature review confirm that the acupressure P6 wrist band reduces CINV in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. This result is corroborated by 7 of the articles reviewed.

The National Cancer Institute website supports the finding that acupressure is one of the non-pharmacologic strategies that may be used to manage nausea and vomiting (NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms). Said (2009) adds that acupressure may offer an inexpensive, convenient, and self-administered intervention for patients on chemotherapy, helping to reduce nausea and vomiting at home on days 2-5 of chemotherapy. Genç and Tan (2014) conclude that the total mean scores for CINV in patients in the experimental group to whom they applied the P6 acupressure wristband were lower compared to patients in the control group over the five days of application. Lee et al. (2008) found that the two acupressure modalities produced variable results in each phase of CINV: acupressure bands were effective in controlling acute nausea, whereas acupressure controlled delayed nausea and vomiting. Molassiotis et al. (2007) showed that the experience of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Chao et al. (2009) found that P6 acupoint stimulation was an option for the management of CINV. In the study reported by Hughes et al. (2013) the participants perceived that acupressure wristbands reduced the levels of nausea and vomiting experienced during chemotherapy treatment. Suh (2012) concluded that the synergistic effects of P6 acupressure together with nurse-provided counselling appeared to be effective in reducing CINV in patients with breast cancer.

Five of the seven articles investigating breast cancer patients, namely Said (2009), Chao et al.( 2009), Molassiotis et al. (2007), Suh (2012) and Genç and Tan (2014), involved breast cancer patients receiving highly ematogenic chemotherapy (e.g. Cisplatin and cyclophosphamide), and moderate risk ematogenic chemotherapy (like doxorubicin).

It is necessary to mention other therapeutic regimens that can also be used in cancer treatment that contain other types of chemotherapy that cause nausea and vomiting, for example, doxorubicin-containing regimens like ABVD (Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine), CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Vincristine, Prednisone) and FAC (5-Fluorouracil, Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide), and ACT (Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide, Taxol) (Said 2009) and from our experience cisplatin-containing regimens which that classified as highly ematogenic chemotherapy we noticed the patients still experienced nausea and vomiting after they received the antiemitecs. We think it is necessary to use additional intervention like acupressure to be included in the nausea and vomiting management.

Based on the reviewed findings we plan to use acupressure for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, because the acupressure in the studies conducted in breast cancer patients reported was used with highly ematogenic chemotherapy in addition to the standard antiemetic treatment, so it is reasonable to conclude that it will work equally well with other less ematogenic types of chemotherapy.

We prefer the use of the acupressure wrist band at P6 acupoint because it is an inexpensive, convenient, and self-administered intervention involving pressure instead of needles at the same point as that used in acupuncture. Furthermore it is safer than acupuncture and patients can easily learn to put pressure on their own wrists, whereas the acupuncture involves using needles that are about the diameter of a hair and can cause temporary discomfort during insertion (Said 2009; Molassiotis et al. 2007). Acupressure seems to be a good way to complement antiemetic pharmacotherapy as it is safe and convenient, with minimal (with bands) or no (finger acupressure) costs involved. It is thus an easy to use, cost-effective, non-invasive intervention (Lee et al. 2008; Melchart et al. 2006).

There was no study result that showed any negative effect from the acupressure wrist band at P6 point, except the review by Lee et al. (2008), which mentioned that three of the ten reported acupressure band trials did not support the possible positive effects of acupressure, but these studies all had methodological issues, such as a small sample size, no true control group, and a concern about the sham acupressure band having a possible antiemetic effect. Melchart et al. (2006) said that no difference was detected in the nausea score between the acupuncture treatment at P6 acupoint, and that at the sham point. Said (2009) mentioned that the acupressure showed no benefit in relation to the incidence of delayed vomiting, early vomiting, or acute nausea, but Melchart and Said’s studies were done with breast cancer patients and it could be that the acupressure benefits were not evident due to the breast cancer patients having had axillary lymph node resection that may have affected the meridian pathway or caused damage to the median nerve as mentioned by Roscoe et al. (2003). Consequently, we think that the evidence suggesting that there is no benefit from the acupressure method for reducing CINV is weak.

Regarding the placebo effect in the articles reviewed here, Melchart et al. (2006) indicated that there was no difference in the nausea score for the combined acupuncture treatment at p6 or that at the sham point, although the level of nausea was very low in both cases. Molassiotis et al. (2007), Said (2009) and Roscoe et al. (2003) all suggested that the placebo effect may be the result of psychological factors.

Application of acupressure in clinical practice

It is important to put this theory into practice, and health care professionals could consider using APS, in particular acupressure on the P6 acupoint, as an option in the management of CINV (Chao et al. 2009). Melchart et al. (2006) said acupressure bands can easily be used in busy oncological wards, while Suh (2012) supported the use of P6 acupressure with counselling focused on cognitive awareness, affective readiness, symptom acceptance, and the use of available resources as an adjunct to antiemetic medications for the control of CINV. Hughes et al. (2013) concluded that the research provides an insight into cancer patients’ motivations for and experiences of taking part in a clinical trial for a complementary alternative medical intervention in which the participants perceived the acupressure wristbands as reducing their level of CINV. Said (2009) suggests that oncology nurses should include acupressure in their list of options for the management of CINV, and especially delayed nausea and vomiting. Special recommendations by oncology nurses are not only useful but are also much appreciated by patients as shown in a study in which the patients were satisfied with the antiemetic treatment given by both P6-acupressure, and placebo-acupressure. The percentage of patients who were satisfied (≥ 3 on 0-6 scale) with their treatment was 81% (35/42) in the P6-acupressure group, which was in agreement with Roscoe et al. (2003), and 64% (27/42) in the placebo group (p= 0.0471). The percentage of the patients who would recommend acupressure treatment was 79% (34/42) in the P6-acupressure group, which again was in agreement with the results of Roscoe et al. (2003) and Hughes et al. (2013), compared to 62% (26/42) in the placebo group (p= 0.0533). This study presented the patients’ compliance with the use of acupressure. Acupressure is easily learnt and taught and patients should be informed about its potential role and taught how to apply it. Leaflets about acupressure for the management of nausea and vomiting could be available in chemotherapy units so that patients who are interested to use such a technique would be encouraged to come forward and learn more from nurses or other health professionals. This could add to the patients’ options for antiemetic approaches and empower them to be involved in the management of these distressing side effects. Acupressure offers a no-cost, convenient, self-administered intervention for chemotherapy patients to reduce acute nausea. Acupressure devices (i.e. Wrist Bands, travel bands, and acupressure bands) have been developed to provide passive acupressure on P6. Acupressure can be administered by healthcare providers, family members, or patients themselves, and does not involve puncture of the skin.

We therefore found that the acupressure wristband is a good way to reduce nausea and vomiting for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy by applying it in the correct position with the stud over the pericardium 6 acupoint located on the anterior surface of the forearm, 3-finger widths up from the first wrist crease, and between the tendons of flexor carpiradialis and Palmaris longus.

Lee et al. (2008) encourage the application of acupressure bilaterally, rather than unilaterally, in CINV control. They recommend three minutes of finger acupressure once daily, with additional acupressure as needed, as the optimal intervention, because both three and five minute trials have succeeded in achieving positive effects. On the other hand, Molassiotis et al. (2007) claimed that there is no correlation between the frequency of pressing the studs and the level of nausea and vomiting. Lee et al. (2008) and Molassiotis et al. (2007) therefore claim opposite results in the relationship between CINV and the frequency of pressing the stud of an acupressure P6 wrist band. But when applying the acupressure P6 wrist band bilaterally, Lee et al. (2008), Said (2009), Molassiotis et al. (2007), Suh (2012), and Genç and Tan (2014) all reported a positive effect with P6 stimulation in reducing CINV.

We would like to discuss some factors related to CINV in relation to nausea and vomiting: expectancy and gender: Roscoe et al. (2003) argued that patients who received the acustimulation bands and expected them to be effective did report having a higher quality of life and less nausea, and in relation to gender, that women are more likely to experience nausea when receiving chemotherapy. Lee et al. (2008) say this may be caused by classical conditioning and also that breast cancer patients may have had a damaged median nerve due to axillary lymph node removal, but Lee et al. (2008) also mention that P6 acupressure in younger women had a significantly greater positive effect on delayed nausea than those on a placebo or those in the no-intervention control group. On the other hand, Molassiotis et al. (2007) mentioned that younger age is associated with greater nausea. We think that men may have tolerated greater stimulation of the acupressure points, and therefore experienced greater symptom relief, so it may be that the acupressure is more effective for men than for women, but these questions of gender, age and the frequency of pressing the studs would need further investigation.

Based on the reported studies, we support the belief that acupressure on P6 is applicable in clinical practice for CINV for cancer patients provided the required education, training and counselling is given to maintain the acupressure benefits.

Acupressure side effects

The study by Molassiotis et al. (2007) found that there were no side effects from the use of the wristbands, but one patient reported that she had to take the bands off because they were too tight and left her with marks for a few days. Chao et al. (2009) also mentioned that very few minor adverse events were observed.

Melchart et al. (2006) did report adverse effects from the treatment in five cases. One suffered a hematoma when wearing the acupressure band at P6. In the sham group, one hematoma was reported after acupuncture, and another three adverse effects from the acupressure band were reported (one hematoma, one skin irritation, one eczema). Hughes et al. (2013) also reported that participants had not experienced any restrictions from wearing the wristbands in terms of everyday activities, other than when washing and bathing. As one female participant commented, for most participants the wristbands were found to be comfortable to wear. However, a few participants reported that they had experienced minor irritation, such as the wristbands feeling tight or painful, or their wrists becoming itchy. Reported adverse side effects were generally deemed minor and acceptable. In the study by Said (2009), no side effect or discomfort was noticed from wearing the acupressure wristband. Said told the patients that if the bands caused discomfort, they could be removed for 30 minutes every two hours. In this way, by taking it off for regular periods, we can prevent the side effects of acupressure, even its minor and rare effects.

Acupressure reduces CINV in cancer patients, in addition it reduces anxiety (Genç and Tan 2014) and that affects overall quality of life (Said 2009). Quality of life is defined by the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms as “The overall enjoyment of life and the individual’s sense of well-being and ability to carry out various activities”. Based on the physiological components of the Virginia Henderson’s theory of basic human needs and Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the patient needs to eat and drink adequately, and sleep and rest (Vera, 2014). This means that when we are providing the required management for distressing symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, by including the acupressure wrist band in addition to standard antiemetics, the patient’s appetite will improve, leading the patient to eat and drink adequately and improve their sleeping pattern. These may then also improve other aspects of the cancer patient’s life. According to the Henderson Nursing Need Theory, when we meet a patient’s needs, it results in an improved quality of life for the cancer patient receiving chemotherapy. Another way of expressing this is that it restores the balance of Yin and Yang energy that leads to reduced nausea and vomiting and improves the patient’s ability to enjoy life and work in general through a maintaining of the harmony of body and mind, as described in traditional Chinese medicine (Cancer Research UK, 2015).

We believe that it is essential for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment to have adequate nutrition to maintain their strength to fight the cancer. Different nursing actions are necessary to maintain adequate nutrition including the relieving of CINV. From this we extrapolate that using the acupressure P6 wrist band to reduce CINV improves the patient’s quality of life.

Conclusion

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may be life threatening and is therefore a huge challenge to nurses involved in cancer care. Even with the best pharmacological management of CINV, patients continue to experience nausea and vomiting.

From a review of eight articles with strong methodology, seven supported the positive effect of an acupressure P6 wristband in reducing CINV for cancer patients. This was also supported by other databases. The one article with neutral results showed that there was no difference between a combined acupuncture and acupressure treatment at P6 and at a sham point in relation to the nausea score, but the level of nausea was very low in both groups. We conclude that the acupressure wrist band applied to acupuncture point P6 is effective, safe, convenient, cost effective, an easy and self-administrated non-pharmacological intervention from traditional Chinese medicine that reduces CINV. Solving the problem of CINV is a fundamental nursing task that can lead to improved quality of life and nutritional status, reduced anxiety and increases patient compliance. In the light of these results, and due to the effectiveness and inexpensiveness of acupressure, together with its ease of use, we suggest that it should be used in conjunction with pharmacological agents for CINV prophylaxis. To maintain the effectiveness of the acupressure, special education and training is needed to reassure the patient that the acupressure is at the correct point (P6) and counselling by the nurse is required.

We recommend the use of acupressure P6 in oncology departments and that future research should be conducted to include cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, and to investigate more about the relationship between the frequency of pressing the stud on the wrist band for acupressure P6 and CINV, and the relationship between gender and CINV, and whether it is better to apply it unilaterally or bilaterally.

[alicesara611]

Beyond Symptom Relief: Examining the Evolution of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting Drugs by 2030

The global chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) drugs market is likely to reach value at US$ 2,558.12 million in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 4,672.82 million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6.6% from 2023 to 2030.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common and debilitating side effect of cancer treatment. It can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and adherence to chemotherapy. The global Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs market is projected to witness significant growth in the coming years, driven by the increasing prevalence of cancer, rising demand for effective Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting control, and advancements in drug development.

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Chemotherapy ranked nausea and vomiting as the first and second most severe side effects, respectively. Up to 20% of patients receiving highly emetogenic agents in this era postponed, or even refused, potentially curative treatments. Since the 1990s, several novel classes of antiemetics have been developed and commercialized, becoming a nearly universal standard in chemotherapy regimens, and helping to better manage these symptoms in a large portion of patients. Efficient mediation of these unpleasant and sometimes crippling symptoms results in increased quality of life for the patient, and better overall health of the patient, and, due to better patient tolerance, more effective treatment cycles.

Types of Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting Drugs:

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs can be broadly classified into three main categories:

5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists: These drugs block the action of serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in nausea and vomiting. Examples include ondansetron (Zofran), granisetron (Kytril), dolasetron (Anzemet), and palonosetron (Aloxi).

NK1 Receptor Antagonists: These drugs block the action of substance P, another neurotransmitter involved in nausea and vomiting. Examples include aprepitant (Emend) and fosaprepitant (Apreva).

Corticosteroids: These drugs have anti-inflammatory and antiemetic properties. Dexamethasone is the most commonly used corticosteroid for Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Choosing the Right Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting Drugs:

The choice of Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs depends on several factors, including the type of chemotherapy, the patient's risk of Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and any other medical conditions the patient may have.

For patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC), which has the highest risk of causing CINV, a combination of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, an NK1 receptor antagonist, and dexamethasone is recommended. For patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with dexamethasone is usually sufficient. For patients receiving low-emetogenic chemotherapy, dexamethasone alone may be enough.

Side Effects of Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting Drugs:

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs are generally well-tolerated, but they can cause side effects such as headache, constipation, and fatigue. Some drugs, such as aprepitant, can also cause dizziness and vertigo.

Overall, Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs play an important role in improving the quality of life for cancer patients and helping them continue their chemotherapy treatment.

Key Market Drivers:

Rising Prevalence of Cancer: The increasing incidence of cancer is a major driver of the Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs market. As the global cancer burden continues to grow, the demand for effective Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting control measures is expected to rise.

Demand for Effective CINV Control: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting can significantly impair a patient's quality of life and adherence to chemotherapy. The growing demand for effective Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting control measures is driving the development of new and more potent drugs.

Advancements in Drug Development: Continuous advancements in drug development are leading to the introduction of novel and more targeted Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs. These drugs offer improved efficacy and reduced side effects compared to traditional treatments.

Key Takeaways:

The global Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) drugs market is likely to reach value at US$ 2,558.12 million in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 4,672.82 million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6.6% from 2023 to 2030.

The growth of the market is driven by the increasing prevalence of cancer, the rising adoption of chemotherapy, and the growing demand for effective Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting prophylaxis and treatment.

The acute emesis segment is expected to dominate the market due to the advancement in chemotherapy and the increasing use of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) drugs.

North America is expected to hold the largest market share due to the high prevalence of cancer, the early adoption of new technologies, and the strong presence of key players in the region.

Regional Outlook:

North America is expected to hold the largest market share, accounting for approximately 38% of the global market in 2030.

Europe is expected to be the second-largest market, followed by Asia Pacific.

The growth in the Asia Pacific market is expected to be driven by the increasing prevalence of cancer, the growing demand for affordable Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting drugs, and the expanding healthcare infrastructure in the region.

Key Players:

GlaxoSmithKline plc

Pfizer Inc.

Novartis AG

Sanofi SA

Merck & Co., Inc.

Eisai Co., Ltd.

AstraZeneca plc

Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.

Cosmo Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Heron Therapeutics, Inc.

Segmentation:

By Product:

5-HT3 antagonists

NK1 receptor antagonists

Steroids

Antiemetics

Others

By End User:

Hospitals

Cancer centers

Ambulatory care centers

Others

By Type:

Acute emesis

Delayed emesis

Breakthrough emesis

[megharesearch]

The latest report on the Worldwide Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs Market Report is the more professional in-depth of this Industry is providers the status and forecast, categorizes, market size (value & volume) by type, application, region and Forecast 2023 - 2030.

[ciaossu-imagines]

❄️ from end of the year ask game <3

What was the highlight of your year?

I don’t feel like 2024 was really my year. There wasn’t a lot of stand out moments that are automatically coming to mind. I’m trying hard to focus on all the positives about it, but no big moments in particular are popping out, though that could be just my brain.

Martha, Nix, Cathy, Lou, and Butter have all really made my year better through their messages and friendship. I’ve been a really horrible friend in a lot of ways, since I’m struggling with answering messages quickly, but just know you were loved.

There were so many great fanfics and fanfic writers that have made my year better. I really hope, next year, to start being better about commenting, reblogging, and letting them know how much their fics mean to me or their works or their ideas.

I discovered a new author I really love this year in the horror genre, so that was great, and I fell in love with many new fandoms this year, so I have a lot of thanks to give to those professional writers.

I had a lot of absolutely fantastic commissoners this year and had the honour of working on a lot of amazing things because of them and they all have my utmost respect and love.

I got to slip more into my role and grow in my professional career in real life. Pharmacy is a lot more than people think and I have the opportunity to learn something new each and every day in my job or to do something good for people each and every day. Today, I managed to get compassionate care to cover the full cost of someone’s much needed Akynzeo, which he’d been paying several hundred dollars out of pocket for up until that point. For those who don’t recognize the brand name, it’s used for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. It still astounds me that this man had had to pay, while going through cancer, all this money, only adding more stress to him and I’m so glad that we were able to get that done for him.

I went through a whole ‘nother year of therapy and I worked hard, pushing myself to my limits, tearing down walls brick by brick to try to get myself better and learn coping skills and mechanisms. I volunteer my time for several mental-health causes and that actually made my life better…I regret stopping but I just no longer had the time.

[madamlaydebug]

Ginger is a flowering plant also known as Zingiber officinale. Its root (or rhizome) is a popular ingredient in cooking, but it has also been used for thousands of years for medicinal purposes, particularly in Asian, Arabic, and Indian cultures.

Many of ginger’s professed health benefits have been supported by scientific research:

1. Aids in Digestive Function

Compounds in ginger are known to stimulate bile and saliva production and to increase mobility through the digestive tract. Those who suffer from indigestion may find relief by consuming ginger.

2. May Help Prevent Gastric Ulcers

Gastric ulcers are painful open lesions on the inside lining of the stomach. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like naproxen and ibuprofen, can lead to the development of gastric ulcers. Bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can also make the gastric lining more prone to ulceration. Ginger, however, inhibits the growth of H. pylori and can prevent the occurrence of stomach ulcers caused by NSAIDs.

3. Reduces Nausea

Ginger has been shown to be effective for relief and prevention of nausea and vomiting related to pregnancy, chemotherapy, and post-operative conditions. While ginger can help reduce nausea induced by motion sickness, it seems to have no effect on the prevention of vomiting caused by such.

Consuming 1 to 1.5 grams of ginger (or 1 to 2 small- to medium-sized pieces of crystallized ginger) can help provide relief for these various types of nausea.

4. Decreases Pain and Inflammation

There is evidence that ginger can be beneficial for pain management. By helping to reduce inflammation of joints, ginger can decrease pain associated with arthritic conditions. Daily supplementation of ginger can also improve exercise-induced muscle pain. Women who experience severe pain during menstruation may find some relief with the consumption of ginger as well.

5. Promotes Sweating

Ginger is a diaphoretic, meaning that it can stimulate sweating, which allows your body to eliminate toxins. After taking ginger there may be a sense of warming from within, which is why it is popular for soothing symptoms of colds and flu.

6. Improves Cognition

With antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, ginger can mitigate age-related cognitive decline. There is evidence that ginger can enhance attention and cognitive processing.

7. May Lower Cholesterol

There are studies that have demonstrated significant reductions in LDL cholesterol and blood triglyceride levels associated with the consumption of ginger.

8. May Lower Blood Sugar

Ginger has been shown to lower blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetic individuals. In the same study, HbA1c (a marker used as an indicator for long-term blood sugar control) also improved. While these are promising results, more research is needed to confirm this benefit.

Tips for Taking Ginger

There are many options for consuming ginger. It can be found fresh and dried. It is available in capsules, tinctures, and lozenges. There is also ginger oil and ginger extract.

Side effects of ginger are rare. However, if you take excessive doses, you may develop heartburn, diarrhea, or mouth irritation. Avoid ginger if you have a bleeding disorder. Before starting ginger supplementation, check with your healthcare provider if you plan to take it regularly, if you have gallstones, or if you are on any blood-thinning medication.

[cannabiscardaz]

Unveiling the Therapeutic Benefits of Medical Marijuana

Medical marijuana, derived from the cannabis plant, has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic properties. As attitudes and regulations surrounding its use continue to evolve, it's essential to explore the compelling benefits this natural remedy offers. In this blog post, we delve into the various ways medical marijuana can positively impact health and well-being, shedding light on its potential as an alternative treatment option.

Pain Management:

Alleviating Chronic Pain: Discover how medical marijuana can provide relief for individuals suffering from chronic pain conditions, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, and neuropathy.

Reducing Inflammation: Explore the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids, which may help ease symptoms associated with conditions like multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Mental Health Support:

Anxiety and Depression Relief: Learn how certain compounds in medical marijuana, such as cannabidiol (CBD), may offer a natural approach to managing symptoms of anxiety and depression.

PTSD and Trauma Recovery: Uncover the potential of medical marijuana in helping individuals cope with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma-related conditions.

Nausea and Appetite Stimulation:

Cancer Treatment Support: Discuss the role of medical marijuana in mitigating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, as well as stimulating appetite for individuals undergoing cancer treatments.

HIV/AIDS Symptom Management: Explore how medical marijuana may alleviate symptoms like nausea, weight loss, and appetite loss in individuals living with HIV/AIDS.

Neurological Disorders:

Epilepsy Management: Learn about the promising effects of medical marijuana, particularly CBD, in reducing seizures in individuals with epilepsy.

Multiple Sclerosis Symptom Relief: Discover how medical marijuana may help manage symptoms like muscle spasticity, pain, and sleep disturbances in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Sleep Disorders:

Insomnia Treatment: Explore the potential of medical marijuana in improving sleep quality and alleviating insomnia symptoms, promoting restful and rejuvenating sleep.

Palliative Care and End-of-Life Support:

Comfort and Symptom Management: Discuss how medical marijuana can provide comfort and relief to individuals in palliative care, easing symptoms like pain, nausea, and anxiety in the final stages of life.

Potential Adjunct Therapy:

Reduced Reliance on Opioids: Highlight the possibility of medical marijuana serving as an adjunct therapy for chronic pain management, potentially reducing the need for opioid medications.

Medication Side Effect Mitigation: Discover how medical marijuana may help alleviate side effects associated with certain medications, improving overall treatment experiences for individuals.

Medical marijuana holds immense potential as a natural treatment option for various health conditions. From pain management and mental health support to alleviating nausea, stimulating appetite, and providing relief for neurological disorders, its benefits are broad and diverse. As research and understanding continue to evolve, medical marijuana has the potential to transform the lives of countless individuals seeking alternative approaches to their well-being. Embrace the therapeutic benefits of medical marijuana and engage in informed discussions with healthcare providers to determine if it's a suitable option for your unique needs.

[amamtrading]

Medical Cannabis: Exploring Its Role in Healthcare

Cannabis, long known for its recreational use, is now gaining recognition for its medicinal properties. This versatile plant is being used to treat a variety of medical conditions, offering relief to patients where conventional treatments sometimes fall short. This article takes a closer look at the therapeutic uses of cannabis, the science behind its effects, and its potential challenges.

The Science Behind Medical Cannabis

Cannabis contains over 100 active compounds, known as cannabinoids, that interact with the human body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS regulates vital functions such as mood, pain, appetite, and immune response.

The two most prominent cannabinoids are:

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): This compound has psychoactive effects, making it effective for managing pain, nausea, and appetite issues.

Cannabidiol (CBD): Unlike THC, CBD is non-psychoactive and is valued for its calming, anti-inflammatory, and anti-seizure properties.

These cannabinoids work in synergy to provide relief from various medical symptoms, making cannabis an increasingly popular option in healthcare.

Conditions That Benefit from Cannabis Therapy

Pain Relief Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons for medical cannabis use. Conditions like arthritis, fibromyalgia, and nerve damage respond well to cannabis, which reduces pain and inflammation through its interaction with pain receptors.

Epilepsy Treatment CBD-based medications like Epidiolex have revolutionized the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy, particularly in rare conditions such as Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. These medications significantly reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.

Cancer Symptom Management While cannabis does not cure cancer, it alleviates symptoms like chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss. This improves the quality of life for patients undergoing treatment.

Mental Health Support Anxiety, depression, and PTSD are increasingly being managed with cannabis. CBD’s ability to regulate serotonin levels offers a natural alternative to traditional antidepressants, often with fewer side effects.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Relief MS patients benefit from cannabis-based therapies like Sativex, which help reduce muscle spasms, stiffness, and chronic pain, improving mobility and comfort.

Sleep Enhancement Insomnia and other sleep disorders can be addressed with cannabis. THC is effective in shortening the time it takes to fall asleep, while CBD promotes relaxation and improves sleep quality.

Appetite Stimulation THC plays a critical role in stimulating appetite in patients with conditions like HIV/AIDS, helping combat weight loss and malnutrition.

Research and Global Perspectives

The growing body of research on cannabis supports its medical applications. For example, clinical trials have highlighted its effectiveness in reducing seizures, alleviating chronic pain, and improving the well-being of patients with debilitating illnesses.

Despite these advancements, regulatory approval varies. Countries like Canada and several U.S. states have embraced medical cannabis, while others remain cautious due to the potential for misuse and the need for further scientific validation.

Challenges and Risks of Medical Cannabis

While cannabis shows promise, it is not without challenges:

Side Effects: Common issues include dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, and temporary memory impairment.

Mental Health Concerns: THC can exacerbate conditions like schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals.

Dependence Risks: Long-term use may lead to dependency if not monitored carefully.

Dosage Challenges: Inconsistencies in dosage and product quality in some regions can affect treatment outcomes.

These risks underscore the importance of professional medical guidance for safe and effective use.

The Future of Cannabis in Medicine

The future of medical cannabis looks promising, with advancements shaping its role in healthcare:

Tailored Treatments: Innovations in cannabis genetics are paving the way for condition-specific therapies.

New Delivery Methods: Products like transdermal patches, topical creams, and pharmaceutical-grade extracts make cannabis treatment more accessible and precise.

Cutting-Edge Research: With technology such as artificial intelligence, researchers are gaining deeper insights into how cannabis interacts with the human body, optimizing its medical potential.

As the stigma around cannabis fades and research continues to expand, its role in modern medicine is set to grow.

Conclusion

Medical cannabis has transformed from a controversial substance to a promising medical therapy. Its ability to address chronic pain, neurological disorders, mental health issues, and more positions it as a valuable addition to healthcare. However, like any treatment, it requires careful consideration and professional supervision to ensure its benefits outweigh the risks.

With ongoing advancements and increasing global acceptance, cannabis is poised to play an integral role in improving patient outcomes and expanding treatment options in modern medicine.

[davidharrisonmiller]

Medicinal Value of Cannabis

Once maligned in the medical field because of its effects on users, cannabis use has seen а surge in recent times. It has been a lifesaver substance to millions in the US alone. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the plant's two main components; the former is psychoactive, causing а euphoric feeling, while the latter is non-intoxicating.

CBD, in particular, has shown promise in anxiety disorder treatment. This property is due to its interaction with the body through the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which influences several psychological processes, such as controlling anxiety and altering brain chemicals. Clinical trials in people have shown that CBD can help relieve various problems from social anxiety when used with conventional treatment.

Medical cannabis also helps manage chemotherapy side effects. Synthetic THC, present in some approved medications, interacts with specific cannabinoid receptors in the brain, reducing chemo-related nausea and vomiting. Further, studies suggest CBD's anti-inflammatory effects may reduce chemotherapy-induced pain and address sleep problems.

Sativex, а cannabis-derived medication, is aiding in treating multiple sclerosis (MS). This condition affects the nervous system, causing spasticity—muscle stiffness and spasms—which hinders mobility and causes discomfort. The patient takes the medication as an oral spray, which then regulates various functions in the body's endocannabinoid system and targets specific receptors to reduce the severity of spasticity.

Patients with gastrointestinal disorders also benefit from non-psychoactive cannabinoids, such as CBD and cannabigerol (CBG). These compounds help regulate intestinal movement, particularly in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) conditions, with increased gut activity (hypermotility). The compound's anti-inflammatory properties lower inflammation and improve gut barrier function (protective mechanism of the intestinal lining) for those with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Furthermore, CBD shows promise in treating gastrointestinal cancers by slowing cancer growth, promoting cell death, and preventing new blood vessel formation.

Medical cannabis also helps individuals struggling with substance abuse issues by reducing impulsivity that commonly triggers relapse. In a lab test on rats, CBD lessened cravings and improved self-control when stressed, suggesting possible human applications. Moreover, research comparing painkiller prescriptions between states with legal medical marijuana and those without suggests that cannabis might offer a safer alternative to opioids for those overcoming addiction.

Some people with epilepsy have realized their condition improved, and they experience fewer seizures when using medical cannabis. While more research is still warranted into its impacts, treatment choices with high CBD content show promise as an alternative worth considering for those unresponsive to standard therapies. Doctors can help determine if a cannabinoid-based option would be appropriate for their patients because it may not work for everyone with epilepsy.

Despite its therapeutic potential, cannabis use requires careful consideration in certain populations. Pregnant women should not use products that contain THC because they would be harmful to fetal development and could alter a child's cognitive abilities for life. People with past histories of psychosis may have their symptoms exacerbated by use. Those with cardiovascular conditions should be aware of cannabis's potential effects on blood pressure and heart rate.

FlowGardens in East Tennessee cultivates premium hemp products in its research and development facility. It offers botanical products made from natural compounds, ranging from flowers, pre-rolls, gummies, and concentrates that feature various cannabinoid profiles (THC, CBD, CBG). One of the company's core objectives is reshaping cannabis perception through education on cannabinoid health benefits. Additionally, FlowGardens strives to contribute to their customers' overall well-being and happiness through their high-quality cannabis products. So far, over 20,000 retail customers attest to the benefits of their products.

[news365timesindia]

[ad_1] Panav Biotech proudly introduces Maropitine injection, an effective treatment for nausea and vomiting in pets.The Latest Innovation in Veterinary Medicine Introduce by Panav BiotechBreakthrough Advancement in Veterinary Care New Delhi, India - Panav Biotech, a pioneering leader in veterinary healthcare, proudly announces the launch of Maropitine Injection, a cutting-edge solution designed to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting in dogs and cats. This innovative product effectively addresses a critical need in veterinary care, offering a reliable treatment for motion sickness, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and post-anaesthesia vomiting in companion animals.With this launch, Panav Biotech continues to reaffirm its commitment to improving animal health through advanced and effective healthcare solutions.Maropitant Citrate, the active ingredient in Maropitine, is an FDA-approved neurokinin (NK-1) receptor antagonist/Substance P inhibitor. Maropitant is a powerful anti-vomiting drug used in veterinary medicine, especially for dogs. It works against both peripheral and central causes of vomiting. It's effective in treating vomiting related to pancreatitis, gastritis, parvovirus, and chemotherapy. Maropitant can also help manage uremic vomiting and reduce nausea and other stomach issues. Maropitine provides relief for conditions such as motion sickness, which affects nearly 48% of dogs, often discouraging pet owners from traveling. Additionally, it has an anesthetic-sparing effect, meaning dogs treated with maropitant may need slightly less inhalational anesthetic, like isoflurane, during surgery. Studies have shown that substance P and NK-1 receptors play a role in how the body processes pain, causes the muscles in the intestines to contract, widens blood vessels (vasodilation), and triggers inflammation in the nervous system.Action of different drugs on different emesis pathways in comparison to Maropitant CitrateWith a growing demand for safe and effective veterinary products, Panav Bio-Tech continues to advance in offering innovative healthcare solutions for pets across the globe.Maropitine Features Nk1 receptor antagonist/Substance P inhibitor FDA-approved for treatment No need to refrigerate prior to administration Available in a 20ml multi-use Vial The Necessity of advanced veterinary therapeutic products for treating canines and felines in India is essential for a variety of compelling reasons. First, as pet ownership continues to rise, there is an increasing demand for effective solutions to manage a variety of health issues, from chronic diseases to acute conditions. Advanced veterinary products can provide targeted therapies that improve treatment outcomes and reduce recovery times.Second, with the growing awareness of animal health and welfare, pet owners are seeking innovative options that offer better efficacy and safety profiles. Cutting-edge innovations, including Therapeutic agents, biologics and immunotherapies can address complex health issues more effectively than traditional treatments.With the expansion of research and development in the veterinary sector, these advanced Products enhance the quality of care for dogs, ensuring better management of their health and overall well-being. As awareness among pet owner's increases, the adoption of these advanced treatments is likely to rise, leading to healthier lives for pets across the country.A pioneering force in the development of innovative veterinary products. Panav Biotech dedicated to enhancing animal health and welfare through rigorous research and advanced technology. Our team of veterinary scientists and industry experts work tirelessly to create effective solutions that address the unique challenges faced by veterinarians and pet owners alike. From cutting-edge medications to specialized care products, our commitment to quality and innovation ensures that animals receive the best possible care. [ad_2] Source link

[news365times]

[ad_1] Panav Biotech proudly introduces Maropitine injection, an effective treatment for nausea and vomiting in pets.The Latest Innovation in Veterinary Medicine Introduce by Panav BiotechBreakthrough Advancement in Veterinary Care New Delhi, India - Panav Biotech, a pioneering leader in veterinary healthcare, proudly announces the launch of Maropitine Injection, a cutting-edge solution designed to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting in dogs and cats. This innovative product effectively addresses a critical need in veterinary care, offering a reliable treatment for motion sickness, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and post-anaesthesia vomiting in companion animals.With this launch, Panav Biotech continues to reaffirm its commitment to improving animal health through advanced and effective healthcare solutions.Maropitant Citrate, the active ingredient in Maropitine, is an FDA-approved neurokinin (NK-1) receptor antagonist/Substance P inhibitor. Maropitant is a powerful anti-vomiting drug used in veterinary medicine, especially for dogs. It works against both peripheral and central causes of vomiting. It's effective in treating vomiting related to pancreatitis, gastritis, parvovirus, and chemotherapy. Maropitant can also help manage uremic vomiting and reduce nausea and other stomach issues. Maropitine provides relief for conditions such as motion sickness, which affects nearly 48% of dogs, often discouraging pet owners from traveling. Additionally, it has an anesthetic-sparing effect, meaning dogs treated with maropitant may need slightly less inhalational anesthetic, like isoflurane, during surgery. Studies have shown that substance P and NK-1 receptors play a role in how the body processes pain, causes the muscles in the intestines to contract, widens blood vessels (vasodilation), and triggers inflammation in the nervous system.Action of different drugs on different emesis pathways in comparison to Maropitant CitrateWith a growing demand for safe and effective veterinary products, Panav Bio-Tech continues to advance in offering innovative healthcare solutions for pets across the globe.Maropitine Features Nk1 receptor antagonist/Substance P inhibitor FDA-approved for treatment No need to refrigerate prior to administration Available in a 20ml multi-use Vial The Necessity of advanced veterinary therapeutic products for treating canines and felines in India is essential for a variety of compelling reasons. First, as pet ownership continues to rise, there is an increasing demand for effective solutions to manage a variety of health issues, from chronic diseases to acute conditions. Advanced veterinary products can provide targeted therapies that improve treatment outcomes and reduce recovery times.Second, with the growing awareness of animal health and welfare, pet owners are seeking innovative options that offer better efficacy and safety profiles. Cutting-edge innovations, including Therapeutic agents, biologics and immunotherapies can address complex health issues more effectively than traditional treatments.With the expansion of research and development in the veterinary sector, these advanced Products enhance the quality of care for dogs, ensuring better management of their health and overall well-being. As awareness among pet owner's increases, the adoption of these advanced treatments is likely to rise, leading to healthier lives for pets across the country.A pioneering force in the development of innovative veterinary products. Panav Biotech dedicated to enhancing animal health and welfare through rigorous research and advanced technology. Our team of veterinary scientists and industry experts work tirelessly to create effective solutions that address the unique challenges faced by veterinarians and pet owners alike. From cutting-edge medications to specialized care products, our commitment to quality and innovation ensures that animals receive the best possible care. [ad_2] Source link

[vapehk1]

Does CBD Help with Nausea? Exploring its Potential Benefits

Nausea is an uncomfortable and often debilitating symptom that can be caused by various health conditions such as motion sickness, chemotherapy, pregnancy (morning sickness), or even anxiety. For years, remedies like ginger, anti-nausea medications, and acupressure bands have been used to alleviate nausea with varying success. But, recently, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant, has gained attention for its potential to treat nausea. This blog post explores whether CBD can help with nausea, the science behind it, how it compares to traditional treatments, and what you should know before trying it. What is Nausea? Nausea is a protective, albeit rather unpleasant, mechanism that helps the body expel toxins or harmful substances. It can be triggered by a wide range of stimuli, including indigestion, food poisoning, infections, pregnancy, motion sickness, chemotherapy and anxiety or stress, with symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to debilitating illness. Unfortunately, treating nausea can be a challenge, particularly when traditional medications don't work or cause undesirable side effects. For this reason, many people have started to wonder, ‘Does CBD help with nausea?’. What is CBD? CBD (cannabidiol) is one of over 100 compounds called cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. Unlike THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the compound responsible for the ‘high’ associated with marijuana, CBD is non-psychoactive. This makes it an appealing option for those seeking relief from symptoms without altering their mental state. CBD interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex network of receptors and enzymes that helps regulate various physiological processes, including mood, appetite, pain, and nausea. By modulating these processes, CBD may offer therapeutic benefits for conditions like anxiety, chronic pain, epilepsy, and, as studies suggest, nausea. How CBD Interacts with the Body’s Nausea Control System Nausea is regulated by a part of the brain called the medulla oblongata, which is influenced by both the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. One of the key neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of nausea is serotonin (5-HT). So, if your levels of it are increased, it can lead to nausea and vomiting. As CBD interacts with serotonin receptors (particularly the 5-HT1A receptor) within the brain, research suggests that by stimulating these receptors, it can reduce nausea and vomiting - especially in response to chemotherapy and other toxic treatments. Additionally, it is believed that CBD’s interaction with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) might even help to stabilise the body's natural response to the stimuli that cause nausea. Scientific Research on CBD and Nausea Overall, research on CBD and its effects on nausea is still in the early stages, but some studies have suggested it has potential benefits. Several human trials have shown that a combination of CBD and THC (often referred to as medical cannabis) is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy. In fact, one study published in the British Journal of Pharmacology even showed that cannabinoids, including CBD, can help reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea. Another conducted on rats found that CBD was effective in reducing nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy due to the CBD's effects on the 5-HT1A receptor. Is CBD Better Than Traditional Anti-Nausea Medications? Traditional anti-nausea medications, known as antiemetics, are often prescribed to help those suffering from nausea. These include drugs like ondansetron (Zofran) and metoclopramide (Reglan). However, while these medications can be effective, they can also have adverse side effects, such as drowsiness, constipation or diarrhoea, headaches or dizziness. Subsequently, some researchers within the medical community are focusing on the potential CBD might offer to counter nausea. One of the biggest perceived advantages of using CBD to treat this condition is that it generally has fewer side effects than conventional antiemetics. Some studies suggest that CBD is well-tolerated by most people, with some only experiencing mild side effects like dry mouth or fatigue. Encouragingly, unlike other pharmaceutical options, CBD does not cause the sedation or dependency that can sometimes accompany traditional treatments. Forms of CBD for Nausea Relief There are several ways to use CBD, each with its own advantages and onset times. The right method for you will depend on your preferences and how quickly you need relief, which is why you should contact your doctor for proper medical advice. That said, CBD oil can be taken sublingually (under the tongue) for relatively fast absorption. As its effects are typically felt within 15-30 minutes, it has become a favoured choice for nausea relief. If you prefer a more convenient and discreet option, CBD capsules or gummies might be ideal. However, because they need to be digested, the effects can take longer to kick in. For those who want instant relief, vaping offers a very fast onset of effects, although this method is not suitable for everyone, and some may prefer non-inhalation methods. Another option to consider is Transdermal CBD patches, which provide a slow and steady release of CBD into the bloodstream. They can be very useful for those who require the administering of long-lasting relief. How to Use CBD for Nausea If you're considering trying CBD to relieve nausea, it’s important to start slowly and find the right dosage. That is because there is no one-size-fits-all dosage, as everyone responds to it differently depending on factors such as their body weight, metabolism, and the severity of their symptoms. The best thing to do is begin with a small dose (e.g., 5-10 mg of CBD) and gradually increase until you find the right amount that works for you. But make sure you take the advice of a qualified healthcare professional first. Is CBD Safe for Nausea? Generally, CBD is considered safe, with the only real side effects being dry mouth, fatigue, diarrhoea and changes in appetite. In fact, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has even gone so far as to report that CBD has a good safety profile and is well-tolerated in humans. That said, there are a few potential risks to keep in mind, which mainly relate to the way CBD can interact with certain medications you might be taking. Particularly those that are metabolised by the liver’s enzyme system (CYP450). Subsequently, if you are taking medications like blood thinners, heart medications, or anti-nausea drugs, you should consult your doctor before trying CBD. It is also worth noting that not all CBD products are created equally. So, to ensure your safety and its effectiveness, you must only ever buy from reputable companies that provide third-party lab testing results for purity and potency. CBD and Pregnancy-Related Nausea According to the National Institute of Health, upwards of 80% of pregnant women suffer from nausea or 'morning sickness', particularly in their first trimester. It is only natural to ask, 'Does CBD help with nausea?' to alleviate their symptoms. Well, although it might seem like an appealing option for relief, it might be wise to err on the side of caution. At present, there is very limited research about how safe it is to take CBD during pregnancy, and many health professionals advise against it purely because the medical community does not know for certain what its effects on fetal development might be. For this reason, if you are pregnant and are looking for relief from nausea, don't take any CBD product without first consulting with your healthcare provider. Conclusion Some studies have proven that CBD can reduce the effects of nausea in both humans and animals due to the way it interacts with the ECS within our bodies to reduce the onset of vomiting and nausea. Although more qualitative research will need to be completed to fully appreciate its effectiveness as a treatment option for nausea, there is increasing support amongst the medical community for CBD to be recognised as a viable option. If you are interested in taking a CBD product to counter your nausea relief, it is worth seeking specialist medical advice, especially if you suffer from an existing medical condition or are currently taking other medications. They will help you determine the best product, its potency and the dosage, to provide you with relief for your uncomfortable symptoms. FAQs Are you wondering, ‘Does CBD help with nausea?’. Here are some answers to frequently asked questions about the subject. How effective is CBD for nausea? CBD oil is widely used for nausea relief due to it being fast-acting and that it is easily absorbed into the bloodstream. Additionally, gummies and capsules may also provide relief, although it might take longer for them to kick in, while topical creams may be effective in staving off localised nausea, such as the type that is common with migraines. How many hours does the CBD effect last? Generally, the effects of CBD last for between 2-6 hours, although this does depend on several factors, including how your body reacts to it, your dosage and how you use it. Read the full article

[actioncancerhospital24]

Top 5 Side Effects of Breast Cancer Treatment (and How to Manage Them)

Breast cancer treatment, while often life-saving, can come with various side effects. These side effects vary depending on the type of treatment a patient receives, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy. Understanding these side effects and learning how to manage them can help patients maintain their quality of life throughout their treatment journey. At Action Cancer Hospital, our comprehensive care team is dedicated to supporting patients both medically and emotionally, ensuring that they receive the best possible guidance to navigate their treatment experience.

Here are the top five common side effects of breast cancer treatment and strategies to manage them effectively.

1. Fatigue

Fatigue is one of the most commonly reported side effects of breast cancer treatment, especially following chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. Unlike typical tiredness, cancer-related fatigue can be overwhelming and persistent, sometimes lasting for weeks or months after treatment.

How to Manage Fatigue:

Rest and Pace Yourself: Prioritize rest but also balance it with light activities. Short naps or rest periods throughout the day can be helpful without interfering with nighttime sleep.

Exercise: Moderate physical activity, such as walking or yoga, can boost energy levels and reduce fatigue over time.

Stay Hydrated and Eat Nutritious Foods: Drinking enough water and consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and proteins can help maintain energy levels.

Ask for Help: Don’t hesitate to ask family members or friends to assist with daily tasks to conserve energy for essential activities.

At Action Cancer Hospital, patients are provided with personalized guidance on energy conservation techniques and access to physical therapy programs designed to combat treatment-induced fatigue.

2. Hair Loss (Alopecia)

Hair loss is a common and often distressing side effect of chemotherapy, although it can also occur with some forms of hormone therapy. While hair usually grows back after treatment, the emotional impact of losing hair can be significant for many patients.

How to Manage Hair Loss:

Prepare Before Treatment: Consider cutting your hair short before treatment begins to ease the transition if hair loss occurs.

Cold Caps: Cold caps, which cool the scalp during chemotherapy, may help reduce hair loss by limiting the amount of chemotherapy that reaches hair follicles.

Use Gentle Hair Care Products: Opt for gentle, sulfate-free shampoos and conditioners to reduce scalp irritation and hair damage.

Explore Alternatives: Many women choose to wear wigs, scarves, or hats during treatment. Action Cancer Hospital provides access to resources and support groups where patients can explore options for managing hair loss.

The psychosocial team at Action Cancer Hospital also offers counseling services to help patients cope with the emotional impact of hair loss.

3. Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are side effects primarily associated with chemotherapy, though they can also occur after surgery or radiation therapy. These symptoms can significantly affect a patient’s appetite, hydration, and overall well-being.

How to Manage Nausea and Vomiting:

Medications: Anti-nausea medications (antiemetics) can be prescribed by your doctor to control or prevent nausea. Always take them as directed.

Small, Frequent Meals: Eating small, bland meals more frequently throughout the day can help keep nausea at bay. Avoid fatty, fried, or spicy foods that may trigger nausea.

Stay Hydrated: Sip on clear liquids, such as water, herbal tea, or ginger ale, to stay hydrated. Ginger and peppermint are known for their soothing effects on the stomach.

Acupuncture: Some patients find relief from nausea through complementary therapies like acupuncture.

Action Cancer Hospital’s dietary specialists work closely with patients to tailor nutrition plans that minimize nausea while ensuring proper nutrition during treatment.

4. Lymphedema

Lymphedema is a swelling that occurs when lymph fluid builds up in the tissues, often in the arms or chest. It can happen after surgery or radiation therapy, particularly if lymph nodes are removed or damaged. Lymphedema can cause discomfort, restricted movement, and an increased risk of infections.

How to Manage Lymphedema:

Compression Garments: Wearing compression sleeves or garments can help reduce swelling by encouraging proper lymph fluid circulation.

Physical Therapy: Specialized physical therapy, known as manual lymphatic drainage, is an effective way to manage lymphedema. It involves gentle massage techniques that promote fluid drainage.

Exercise: Gentle, low-impact exercises such as swimming or stretching can help keep the lymphatic system functioning properly.

Prevent Infections: Take care of the affected limb by keeping the skin clean and moisturized, and avoid cuts, burns, or injuries that can lead to infections.

At Action Cancer Hospital, our physiotherapy and rehabilitation department provides tailored lymphedema management programs that include manual therapy, exercise routines, and patient education on prevention techniques.

5. Bone Loss and Joint Pain

Some breast cancer treatments, especially hormone therapy and chemotherapy, can lead to bone loss (osteoporosis) and joint pain. Estrogen-reducing treatments, such as aromatase inhibitors, increase the risk of weakened bones, which can lead to fractures. Joint stiffness or pain can also significantly affect mobility and quality of life.

How to Manage Bone Loss and Joint Pain:

Bone-Strengthening Medications: Bisphosphonates or other medications like denosumab may be prescribed to help maintain bone density and reduce the risk of fractures.

Calcium and Vitamin D: Ensure that you get enough calcium and vitamin D, either through diet or supplements, to support bone health.

Weight-Bearing Exercises: Regular exercise, particularly weight-bearing activities like walking, dancing, or light resistance training, can help strengthen bones and improve joint function.

Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), may help relieve joint pain. In some cases, physical therapy may also be recommended.

At Action Cancer Hospital, we offer comprehensive bone health assessments, personalized exercise programs, and consultations with dietitians to help patients manage bone loss and maintain joint health during and after treatment.

Conclusion

Breast cancer treatment can present a range of physical and emotional challenges, but many of the side effects are manageable with the right strategies and support. At Action Cancer Hospital, our holistic approach to cancer care ensures that patients receive not only the best medical treatments but also comprehensive support to manage side effects and maintain quality of life.

By working closely with your healthcare team, taking advantage of available therapies, and adopting lifestyle changes, you can mitigate many of the side effects of breast cancer treatment and improve your overall well-being. For more information or to consult with a specialist at Action Cancer Hospital, reach out to our expert care team today.

[kpcherbs]

Zhu Ru in Action: How Bamboo Shavings Help Relieve Nausea and Vomiting

Introduction to Zhu Ru

Zhu Ru, or Bamboo Shavings, is a key herb in Chinese herbal medicine.

Derived from the inner pith of bamboo, it is valued for its digestive benefits.

Mechanisms of Action

Clears Heat:

Zhu Ru cools excess heat in the stomach, reducing nausea.

Effective for conditions like morning sickness and motion sickness.

Promotes Qi Flow:

Supports the flow of Qi (energy), alleviating digestive discomfort.

Often included in herbal formulations for a holistic approach to digestive health.

Common Uses

Morning Sickness: Frequently used by pregnant women to ease nausea.

Motion Sickness: Aids in preventing nausea during travel.

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea: Helps manage side effects from cancer treatments.

Conclusion

Zhu Ru is a versatile ingredient in Chinese herbal medicine, known for its ability to soothe nausea and vomiting.

As interest in natural remedies grows, Zhu Ru remains a popular choice for those seeking relief from digestive discomfort.

For further insights into the benefits and uses of Zhu Ru, you can explore resources on Traditional Chinese Medicine.

[nurseeden]

Master the Art of Chemo Care: Your Guide to Chemo Nurse Certification

**Title: Master the Art of Chemo Care: Your Guide to Chemo Nurse Certification**

**Introduction:** Becoming a certified chemo nurse is a noble and​ rewarding career path⁢ that requires dedication, empathy, and ⁤specialized skills. As a chemo nurse, you will play a crucial ‌role in ‍providing care and support⁤ to cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatments. In this comprehensive guide, we will‍ explore the importance ⁢of chemo nurse certification, the benefits of pursuing this certification, practical tips for success, and real-life case ‌studies to inspire and educate aspiring chemo nurses.

**The Importance of ‌Chemo Nurse Certification:** Chemo nurse certification ⁤is essential for ensuring that nurses have the necessary knowledge and‌ skills ⁣to⁤ deliver safe and effective care to cancer patients undergoing ‍chemotherapy. Certification programs cover a wide range of ‍topics, including chemotherapy​ drugs and their side effects, patient ⁤assessment and monitoring, infection control, and symptom management. By completing a certification program, chemo nurses demonstrate‌ their commitment to excellence and ‌continuous learning in the‌ field of oncology ⁤nursing.

**Benefits of ‌Chemo Nurse Certification:** – Enhanced skills and knowledge in chemotherapy administration and​ patient care – ⁣Increased job opportunities and career advancement – Improved patient outcomes and satisfaction – Professional recognition and credibility in the healthcare industry – Personal fulfillment and​ the ​opportunity to make a positive impact on the lives of cancer patients

**Practical Tips ⁢for Success ‍in Chemo Nurse Certification:** – Research and choose a reputable certification program accredited by organizations such as the Oncology ‌Nursing Certification Corporation (ONCC). -​ Develop a study plan and schedule dedicated study time to⁢ prepare for the certification exam. – Utilize resources such ⁢as study guides, practice exams, and online courses to ⁢enhance your knowledge and test-taking skills. – Seek guidance and mentorship from experienced chemo nurses ​or nurse educators. – Stay up-to-date with the latest advancements and guidelines in oncology nursing through ⁤professional development activities and continuing education.

**Real-Life⁢ Case Studies:** Case Study 1: ⁢Sarah, ⁢a dedicated oncology nurse,‍ decided to pursue chemo​ nurse certification to further her expertise in cancer care. After ⁢successfully completing‌ the certification program and passing the exam, Sarah noticed a significant improvement in her confidence⁤ and clinical​ skills. She now plays ‍a key role in educating and supporting her team members in providing quality⁣ chemo care to patients.

Case Study 2: John, a newly certified chemo nurse, faced​ a challenging situation when ‌a ⁤patient​ experienced severe chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting during treatment. Thanks to‍ his comprehensive training and quick intervention, John was able to effectively manage the patient’s symptoms and provide compassionate care, leading to a positive ‌outcome and patient satisfaction.

**Conclusion:** Becoming a certified chemo⁤ nurse is a‍ valuable⁢ investment in your⁤ career and the​ well-being of cancer patients. By mastering the art of chemo care through⁤ certification, ​you will not only enhance your⁢ skills and knowledge but ⁣also make a meaningful ⁣difference in ‍the lives of those fighting cancer. Remember, chemo nurse ⁢certification is ⁤not just a title ⁢- it’s a commitment ⁢to excellence and compassionate care that sets you⁣ apart as a trusted⁤ healthcare professional in ⁣the field of oncology nursing.​ Start⁤ your journey to chemo ⁤nurse certification ‌today and embark on a fulfilling ‌career dedicated to helping others in their fight against cancer.

https://nursingcertificationcourses.com/master-the-art-of-chemo-care-your-guide-to-chemo-nurse-certification/

[suoxi-hospital]

Acupuncture is recommended by the World Health Organization for more than 100 conditions.

01) Adverse reactions to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy

02) Allergic rhinitis including hay fever

03) Biliary colic

04) Depression (including depressive neurosis and depression following stroke)

05) Desentery, acute bacillary 

06) Dysmenorrhea 

07) Epigastralgia (Acute peptic ulcer, acute and chronic gastritis, and gastro spasm)

08) Facial pain (including craniomandibular disorders)

০9) Headache

10) Hypertension, essential

11) Hypotension, primary

12) Knee pain

13) Leukopenia)

14) Low back pain

15) Morning sickness

16) Nausea and vomiting

17) Neck pain

18) Pain in dentistry (Including dental pain and temporomandibular dysfunction)

19) Periarteritis of the shoulder

20) Postoperative pain

21) Rheumatoid arthritis

22) Sciatica

23) Sprain

24) Stroke)

25) Tennis elbow

26) Abdominal pain (in acute gastroenteritis or due to gastrointestinal spasm)

27) Acne vulgaris

28) Alcohol dependence and detoxification

29) Bell’s palsy

30) Bronchial asthma

31) Cancer pain

32) Cardiac neurosis

33) Cholecystitis, chronic, with acute exacerbation

34) Competition stress syndrome

35) Craniocerebral injury, closed

36) Diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent

37) Earache

38) Epidemic hemorrhagic fever

39) Epistaxis is simple (without generalized or local disease)

40) Eye pain due to subconjunctival injection

41) Facial spasm

42) Female infertility

43) Female urethral syndrome

44) Fibromyalgia and fasciitis

45) Gastrokinetic disturbance

46) Gouty arthritis

47) Hepatitis B virus carrier status

48) Herpes zoster (human (alpha) herpes virus 3)

49) Hyperlipemia

50) Hypo-ovarianism

51) Insomnia

52) Lactation, deficiency

53) Male sexual dysfunction, non-organic

54) Meniere disease

55) Neuralgia, Post-herpetic

56) Neurodermatitis

57) Obesity)

58) Opium, cocaine, and heroin dependence

59) Osteoarthritis

60) Pain due to endoscopic examination

61) Pain in thromboangiitis obliterans

62) Polycystic ovary syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome)

63) Postextubation in children

64) Postoperative convalescence

65) Premenstrual syndrome

66) Prostatitis, chronic

67) Pruritus

68) Radicular and pseudoradicular pain syndrome

69) Raynaud syndrome, primary

70) Recurrent lower urinary tract infection

71) Retention of urine, traumatic

72) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy

73) Schizophrenia

74) Sialism, drug-induced

75) Sjögren syndrome

76) Sore throat (including tonsillitis)

77) Spine pain, acute

78) Stiff neck

79) Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

80) Tietze syndrome

81) Tobacco dependence

82) Tourette syndrome

83) Ulcerative colitis, chronic

84) Vascular dementia

85) Hypothermia

86) Irritable colon syndrome

87) Neuropathic bladder due to spinal cord injury

88) Pulmonary heart disease, chronic

89) Small airway obstruction

90) Induction of labor

91) Malposition of the fetus

92) Renal colic

93) Cholelithiasis

94) Labor pain

95) Urolithiasis 

96) Whooping cough (pertussis)

97) Chloasma

98) Choroidopathy, central serous

99) Color blindness

100) Deafness

Apart from acupuncture, physiotherapy, chest therapy, occupational therapy, Chinese foot therapy, acupressure, tholiau, psychotherapy, ozone therapy, CVFT, and brain stimulator are used to treat various complex pain-related diseases in SUO XI Hospital (Acupuncture). SUO XI Hospital (Acupuncture) is the best pain and paralysis hospital in Bangladesh. They always by your side for your healthcare and emergency needs.