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qwertsypage · 4 years ago

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Why 47% of Agile Transformations Fail!

A good time was had by all at Scrum Day India 2020. My talk on “Why 47% of Agile Transformations Fail!” was well received. My slides are posted here - Why 47% of Agile Transformations Fail.

A recent Forbes survey indicated to me that about 47% of Agile Transformations fail and 77% of Agile Transformations are Scrum transformations so most of the failures are due to bad Scrum.

Questions on these numbers motivated me to dig deeper. The Forbes survey was funded by the Scrum Alliance and self-selected respondents indicated at 86% success rate. Yet Prof. Kotter in his book Accelerate says he has never seen a long term successful agile transformation with waterfall leadership. At recent agile conferences with over 200 people in sessions, I asked how many agile transformations had waterfall leadership. The response was over 95% of those attending. So the failure rate is somewhere between 34% and 95%.

I decided to dig deeper into the Chaos Report data from Jim Johnson, CEO of the Standish Group. Jim has been collecting data for decades on over 500,000 IT projects and we have tested his data by querying over 1000 Certified Scrum@Scale Practitioners on their success rates which average lower than the Standish Group Data. So Standish Group data is known to be convservative as to failure rates.

Why Scrum Works - Decision Latency

Jim Johnson had coffee with me last summer to review the reason why he thinks Scrum works. It all depends on Decision Latency, average time to make a decision, which he is now tracking in thousands of companies. If Decision Latency is less than an hour, the success rate is 68%, independent of process. If average decision time is over 5 hours, the success rate falls to 18%. Scrum pushes development decisions to the team and all priority decisions to the Product Owner radically shortening decision time to an hour or less. In Scrum@Scale implementations an Executive Action Team is meeting daily to make higher level decisions. An oil and gas company cut well drilling average time from a month to six days or less by fast executive decisions.

So I asked Jim to give me more detailed data on Decision Latency for his agile teams. Here it is for 10,000 Agile Projects - 10000 Agile Projects, Jim Johnson, Standish Group, 28 Jul 2020

Decision Latency Agile Successful Challenged Failed <1 hour 23% 70% 26% 4% 1 to 2 hours 37% 40% 54% 6% 3 to 5 hours 24% 28% 52% 20% >5 hours 16% 25% 53% 22% Totals 41.62% 46.92% 11.46%

The best data we have shows 41.62% success and 58.38% failure. And the major cause of failure is taking too long to make a decision, i.e. lack of business agility. The failure rate is 75% when Decision Latency is more than 5 hours.

A followup on failed transformations by the MIT Sloan Business Review showed that 67% of failures are terminal, i.e. the companies go bankrupt or are acquired. Yet the most successful and valuable trillion dollar companies, Microsoft, Amazon, and Apple all use Scrum and they have shown different paths to Scrum@Scale to achieve phenomenal success. Why do so many companies go out of business because they cannot get Agile when there are such obvious examples of radical success?

Implementing Scrum properly is certainly one of the primary reasons. Standish Group data show that 58% of “Agile” teams are late, over budget, with unhappy customers. Current training and coaching is not effective enough. This number is about the same as the failures due to long Decision Latency.

Agile Leadership Means Executive Participation

So here we need a scaling framework that focuses on reducing decision time at all levels of the organization. This requires more than executive sponsorship, it requires executive participation as agile leaders. We need an Executive Action Team and an Executive Metascrum provided by Scrum@Scale. Without an Executive Metascrum prioritizing all initiatives we have seen in company after company that 30% of the projects have no significant business value and should be terminated. So many if not most companies are wasting 30% of their budget before they do anything useful. That is a good indication of failure to achieve business agility.

Standish Group data shows consistently over the last 20 years for over 500,000 projects that 64% of features delivered to customers are never or rarely used. So without a good Product Owner organization, of the 70% of projects that might be useful, we waste 64% of our staff on things the customer won’t use. At OpenView Venture Partners we call these junk stories. If we eliminate the junk we get investments like Data Dog which has exploded during COVID-19 and gave us a 30000% return.

For the few features being built, effective Scrum teams are critical. The best measure of team performance is Process Efficiency and a typical Scrum team has an average process efficiency of less than 15%. The definition of Lean is over 25% and this can be achieved in one sprint by team focused on eliminating waste.

So with roughly 1/3 of our companies trying to get Agile failing and going out of business we need a transformation of our Scrum training and coaching. We need to go back to the grandfathers of Scrum, Takeuchi and Nonaka, and look have they defined Scrum Project Management in their 1986 Harvard Business Review Paper, “The New New Product Development Game.” They were looking at autonomous, cross-functional teams with transcendent goals in lean hardware manufacturing companies. They described the intense collaboration and continuous improvement style of these teams and called them Scrum after the scrummage formation in Rugby.

Scrum at its root is lean and about eliminating waste. The latest book on “The Secret Behind the Success of Toyota” shows that lean manufacturing generates only 5% of Toyota profits. The other 95% is generated by the Shusas, the Chief Engineers, who deliver twice the value at half the cost.

But today Toyota is the number two auto company. Why is that?

Tesla is Agile and well as Lean and turning inside the decision loop of the competitors. Professor Nonaka is writing a book on the U.S. Marines who are achieving 400-700% gains in performance with Scrum@Scale. He notes the John Boyd’s OODA loop which is basis of Marine strategy is more important today to companies like Toyota than the PDCA loop that Edwards Deming taught them in the 1950’s.

So we need a major upgrade to Scrum training and coaching.

Scrum Masters need to be taught Lean principles and basic tools. They need teams with over 25% process efficiency. This will at least double velocity.

Scrum Masters need to implement the Hyperproductive Scrum Patterns published in “Teams that Finish Early Accelerate Faster” and in the new patterns book, “A Scrum Book, The Sprint of the Game.” These will enable teams to perform at the level of the U.S. Marines, a 400-700% improvement.

Product Owners need to be taught John Boyd’s OODA loop to get inside the decision cycle of the competition to enable their companies to survive and thrive. Delivering twice the value at half the cost is the key to survival in today’s world. It you can do this you are “Certain to Win.”

In 2020, almost all companies have more than one Scrum team and they need a scaling framework for the organization (not just an IT framework) that enables leadership to actively participate in prioritizing all initiatives and leaning out all areas of the company. Scrum@Scale is the only framework that enables this kind of transformation.

For these reasons, at Scrum Inc. we incorporate all this material into our Scrum training. And we have launched a global program of over 100 independent Scrum Trainers and another 100 independent Scrum@Scale Trainers worldwide. We have put all our materials into Open Source so that all they trainers can use the latest tools and techniques and get constantly updated materials for free to use in their training.

Scrum Inc. Japan provides Scrum coaches and trainers to Toyota Research and Toyota IT in Toyota City. Our materials have proven to increase agility in the world’s leading manufacturers, oil companies, construction companies, food and beverage companies, non-profits, and any organization that wants to improve life for the people and results for the investors. Just as Toyota has freely shared their lean experience with the world over the years, Scrum Inc. is sharing Scrum experience to increase the probability of a successful Agile Transformation for companies worldwide.

The post Why 47% of Agile Transformations Fail! appeared first on Scrum Inc.

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kaygroupasia · 1 year ago

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expertcertifiers · 5 years ago

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ISO 13485 for medical devices Quality management system - Iraq

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blackkudos · 5 years ago

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Chris Brown

Christopher Maurice Brown (born May 5, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor. Born in Tappahannock, Virginia, he was involved in his church choir and several local talent shows from a young age. Having signed with Jive Records in 2004, Brown released his self-titled debut studio album the following year, which became certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

With his first single "Run It!" peaking atop the Billboard Hot 100, Brown became the first male artist since 1997 to have his debut single top the chart. His second album Exclusive (2007) spawned his second Billboard Hot 100 number one "Kiss Kiss". In addition to his solo commercial success, Brown has been featured on several successful singles such as "No Air", a duet with singer Jordin Sparks, "Shortie Like Mine" with the rapper Bow Wow and "Shawty Get Loose" alongside Lil Mama and T-Pain. In 2009, Brown received significant media attention after pleading guilty to felony assault of his then girlfriend, singer Rihanna. Following the release of his third album Graffiti in the same year of the incident, Brown's fourth album F.A.M.E. (2011) became his first to top the Billboard 200 and earned him the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album. His fifth album Fortune, released in 2012, also topped the Billboard 200. Following the releases of X, Royalty and Heartbreak on a Full Moon, Brown's ninth studio album Indigo (2019) became his third Billboard 200 number-one album. It included his biggest hit in years "No Guidance" which peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100.

Brown has sold over 140 million records worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling music artists. Throughout his career, Brown has won several awards, including a Grammy Award, 15 BET Awards, four Billboard Music Awards, and six Soul Train Music Awards. According to Billboard, Brown has the seventh most Billboard Hot 100 entries with 93. Brown has pursued an acting career, and his personal life has been publicized. In 2007, he made his on-screen feature film debut in Stomp the Yard, and appeared as a guest on the television series The O.C. Other films Brown has appeared in include This Christmas (2007), Takers (2010), Think Like a Man (2012), and Battle of the Year (2013).

Early life

Christopher Maurice Brown was born on May 5, 1989, in the small town of Tappahannock, Virginia, to Joyce Hawkins, a former day care center director, and Clinton Brown, a corrections officer at a local prison. He has an older sister, Lytrell Bundy, who works in a bank. Music was always present in Brown's life beginning in his childhood. He would listen to soul albums that his parents owned, and eventually began to show interest in the hip-hop scene.

Brown taught himself to sing and dance at a young age and often cites Michael Jackson as his inspiration. He began to perform in his church choir and in several local talent shows. When he mimicked an Usher performance of "My Way", his mother recognized his vocal talent, and they began to look for the opportunity of a record deal. At the same time, Brown was going through personal issues. His parents had divorced, and his mother's boyfriend terrified him by subjecting her to domestic violence.

Career

2002–2004: Career beginnings

At age 13, Brown was discovered by Hitmission Records, a local production team that visited his father's gas station while searching for new talent. Hitmission's Lamont Fleming provided voice coaching for Brown, and the team helped to arrange a demo package and approached contacts in New York to seek a record deal. Tina Davis, senior A&R executive at Def Jam Recordings, was impressed when Brown auditioned in her New York office, and she immediately took him to meet the former president of the Island Def Jam Music Group, Antonio "L.A." Reid, who offered to sign him that day. "I knew that Chris had real talent," says Davis. "I just knew I wanted to be part of it."

The negotiations with Def Jam continued for two months, and Davis then lost her job due to a corporate merger. Brown asked her to be his manager, and once Davis accepted, she promoted the singer to labels such as Jive Records, J-Records and Warner Bros. Records. According to Mark Pitts in an interview with HitQuarters, Davis presented Brown with a video recording, and Pitts' reaction was: "I saw the potential ... I didn't love all the records, but I loved his voice. It wasn't a problem because I knew that he could sing, and I knew how to make records." Brown ultimately chose Jive due to its successful work with then-young acts such as Britney Spears and Justin Timberlake. Brown stated, "I picked Jive because they had the best success with younger artists in the pop market, [...] I knew I was going to capture my African American audience, but Jive had a lot of strength in the pop area as well as longevity in careers." Brown attended Essex High School in Virginia until early 2005, when he moved to New York to pursue his music career.

2005–2006:

Chris Brown

and acting debut

After being signed to Jive Records in 2004, Brown began recording his self-titled debut studio album in February 2005. By May, there were 50 songs already recorded, 14 of which were picked to the final track listing. The singer worked with several producers and songwriters—Scott Storch, Cool & Dre and Jazze Pha among them—commenting that they "really believed in [him]". Brown also made some input on the album, receiving co-writing credits of five tracks. "I write about the things that 16 year olds go through every day," says Brown. "Like you just got in trouble for sneaking your girl into the house, or you can't drive, so you steal a car or something." The whole album took less than eight weeks to produce.

Released on November 29, 2005, the self-titled Chris Brown album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 154,000 copies. Chris Brown was a relative commercial success with the time; selling over two million copies in the United States—where it was certified two times platinum by the RIAA—and three million copies worldwide. The album's lead single, "Run It!", made Brown the first male act (since Montell Jordan in 1995) to have his debut single to reach the summit of the Billboard Hot 100—later remaining for four additional weeks. Three of the other singles—"Yo (Excuse Me Miss)", "Gimme That" and "Say Goodbye"—peaked within the top twenty at the same chart.

On June 13, 2006, Brown released a DVD entitled Chris Brown's Journey, which shows footage of him traveling in England and Japan, getting ready for his first visit to the Grammy Awards, behind the scenes of his music videos and bloopers. On August 17, 2006, to further promote the album, Brown began his major co-headlining tour, The Up Close and Personal Tour. Due to the tour, production for his next album was pushed back two months. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital received $10,000 in ticket proceeds from Brown's 2006 "Up Close & Personal" tour. Brown has made appearances on UPN's One on One and The N's Brandon T. Jackson Show on its pilot episode.

2007–2008: Exclusive

In January 2007, Brown landed a small role as a band geek in the fourth season of the American television series The O.C.. Brown then made his film debut in Stomp the Yard, alongside Ne-Yo, Meagan Good and Columbus Short on January 12, 2007. In April 2007, Brown was the opening act for Beyoncé, on the Australian leg of her The Beyoncé Experience tour. On July 9, 2007, Brown was featured in an episode of MTV's My Super Sweet 16 (for the event, it was retitled: Chris Brown: My Super 18) celebrating his eighteenth birthday in New York City.

In November 2007, Brown starred as a video host for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital's Math-A-Thon program. He showed his support by encouraging students to use their math skills to help children with cancer and other catastrophic diseases. Shortly after ending his summer tour with Ne-Yo, Brown quickly began production for his second studio album, Exclusive, which was released in the United States on November 6, 2007. The album debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 294,000 copies in its first week, and received generally positive reviews from music critics. As of March 23, 2011, it has sold over 1.9 million copies in the United States. The album's lead single, "Wall to Wall", peaked at number 79 on US Billboard Hot 100 chart, and number 22 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. "Kiss Kiss", featuring and produced by T-Pain, was released as the album's second single. It reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, and became Brown's second number one single following "Run It!" in 2005. "With You", a song produced by Stargate, was released as the third single from Exclusive, and reached number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.

On November 21, 2007, Brown appeared in This Christmas, a family drama starring Regina King. To further support the album Exclusive, Brown embarked on his The Exclusive Holiday Tour, visiting over thirty venues in United States. The tour began in Cincinnati, Ohio, on December 6, 2007, and concluded on February 9, 2008, in Honolulu, Hawaii. In March 2008, Brown was featured on Jordin Sparks' single "No Air", which peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. He also made a guest appearance on Ludacris' single "What Them Girls Like" alongside Sean Garrett. The song peaked at number 17 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and number eight on the US Hot Rap Songs chart. Brown re-released Exclusive on June 3, 2008, as a deluxe edition, renamed Exclusive: The Forever Edition, seven months after the release of the original version. The re-released version featured four new tracks, including the single "Forever", which reached number two on Billboard Hot 100. In August 2008, Brown guest-starred on Disney's The Suite Life of Zack & Cody as himself. In October 2008, he was featured on T-Pain's single "Freeze", from his third studio album Thr33 Ringz. Towards the end of 2008, Brown was named Artist of the Year by Billboard magazine.

2009–2010: Graffiti and mixtapes

In 2008, Brown began work on his third studio album, to be called Graffiti, promising to experiment with a different musical direction while hoping to emulate singers Prince and Michael Jackson. He stated, "I wanted to change it up and really be different. Like my style nowadays, I don't try to be typical urban. I want to be like how Prince, Michael and Stevie Wonder were. They can cross over to any genre of music." The album's lead single "I Can Transform Ya" was released on September 29, 2009. The song peaked at number 20 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, and number 11 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. "Crawl" was released as the album's second single on November 23, 2009. The song reached number 53 on the Billboard Hot 100. Graffiti was then released on December 8, 2009. The album debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 102,000 copies in its first week, but received generally negative reviews from critics. As of March 23, 2011, it has sold 341,000 copies in the United States.

While performing a Michael Jackson Tribute at the 2010 BET Awards, Brown started to cry and fell to his knees while singing Jackson's "Man in the Mirror". The performance and his emotional turmoil resonated with several celebrities present at the ceremony, including Trey Songz, Diddy and Taraji P. Henson. Songz said, "He left his heart on the stage. He gave genuine emotion. I was proud of him and I was happy for him for having that moment". Michael's brother, Jermaine Jackson, expressed similar sentiments stating, "it was very emotional for me, because it was an acceptance from his fans from what has happened to him and also paying tribute to my brother". Later during the award ceremony, Brown stated, "I let y'all down before, but I won't do it again...I promise", while accepting the award for the AOL Fandemonium prize.

In May 2010, Brown released a collaborative mixtape with Tyga, titled Fan of a Fan. "Deuces", which features Tyga and Kevin McCall, was released from the mixtape in the United States on June 29, 2010. The song peaked at number one on US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for seven non-consecutive weeks, giving Brown his first number-one on the chart since his 2006 hit single, "Say Goodbye". It also peaked at number 14 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. In August 2010, Brown starred alongside an ensemble cast, including Matt Dillon, Paul Walker, Idris Elba, Hayden Christensen and T.I. in the crime thriller Takers, and also served as executive producer of the film.

2011–2012: F.A.M.E. and Fortune

Brown's fourth studio album F.A.M.E. was first released on March 18, 2011. Although it received mixed critical reviews, the album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, with first-week sales of 270,000 copies, giving Brown his first number-one album in the United States. Its lead single, "Yeah 3x", reached the top-ten in eleven countries, including Australia, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The album's second single, "Look at Me Now", featuring rappers Lil Wayne and Busta Rhymes, reached number one on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, where it remained for eight consecutive weeks. It also reached number one on the US Hot Rap Songs chart. The album's third single, "Beautiful People", featuring Benny Benassi, peaked at number one on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart, and became the first number-one single on the chart for both Brown and Benassi. "She Ain't You" was released as the album's fourth US single, while "Next 2 You", featuring Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber, served as the album's fourth international single. To further promote the album, Brown embarked on his F.A.M.E. Tour in Australia and North America.

Brown received six nominations at the 2011 BET Awards and ultimately won five awards, including Best Male R&B Artist, Viewers Choice Award, The Fandemonium Award, Best Collaboration and Video of the Year for "Look at Me Now". He also won three awards at the 2011 BET Hip Hop Awards, including the People's Champ Award, Reese's Perfect Combo Award and Best Hip Hop Video for "Look at Me Now". At the 2011 Soul Train Music Awards, F.A.M.E. won Album of the Year. The album has also earned Brown three Grammy Award nominations at the 54th Grammy Awards for Best R&B Album, as well as Best Rap Performance and Best Rap Song for "Look at Me Now". On February 12, 2012, Brown won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album. During the ceremony, Brown performed several songs marking his first appearance at the awards show since his conviction of felony assault.

On October 7, 2011, RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding Jive Records along with Arista Records and J Records. With the shutdown, Brown (and all other artists previously signed to these three labels) will release future material on the RCA Records brand. Brown's fifth studio album Fortune was released on July 3, 2012. The album debuted atop the Billboard 200, but received once again negative reviews from critics. "Strip", featuring Kevin McCall, was released as the album's buzz single, with "Turn Up the Music" released as the lead single, and "Sweet Love", "Till I Die", "Don't Wake Me Up" and "Don't Judge Me" released as the album's following singles, respectively. To further promote the album, Brown embarked on his Carpe Diem Tour in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Trinidad.

2013–2015: X, Fan of a Fan: The Album and Royalty

On August 9, 2013 at 1:09 AM PDT, Brown was reported to have suffered a seizure from Record Plant Studios in Hollywood, California as a 9-1-1 call was made. When paramedics arrived, Brown allegedly refused to receive treatment and also refused to be transported to the local hospital. (Brown has reportedly suffered from seizures since his childhood.) The next day, Brown's representative reported the seizure was caused by "intense fatigue and extreme emotional stress, both due to the continued onslaught of unfounded legal matters and the nonstop negativity." On November 20, 2013, Brown was sentenced to an anger management rehabilitation center for three months, putting the December 2013 release of X in jeopardy. To "hold [fans] over until [the X album] drops," Brown released a mixtape, titled X Files on November 19, 2013. On February 22, 2014, it was announced that the album would be released on Brown's birthday, May 5, 2014. On April 14, 2014, Brown released a teaser of the new track "Don't Be Gone Too Long" featuring Ariana Grande. However, on October 27, 2013, Brown was arrested for felony assault in Washington, D.C., the fight allegedly having started when two women wanted to take a picture with Brown in front of the W Hotel, and the song and album were again delayed due to Brown's prison sentence. On August 3, 2014, Chris announced via Instagram that the album's release date will be on September 16, 2014. On August 6, 2014, the album cover was revealed. The title track "X" was released as an instant-gratification track alongside the album pre-order on iTunes on August 25, 2014.

Brown's sixth studio album, X was released on September 16, 2014. The album's lead single, "Fine China", was released on April 1, 2013, and sent to US Top 40 radio on April 9. The album features a guest appearance by Kendrick Lamar and production from Diplo and Danja. X debuted at #2 on US Billboard 200 charts with first-week sales of 145,644 copies.

On February 24, 2015, Brown released his first collaborative studio album with Tyga, titled Fan of a Fan: The Album. The album was a follow-up to the pairs 2010 mixtape Fan of a Fan. In early 2015, Brown also embarked on his Between The Sheets Tour with Trey Songz.

In spring of 2015, Brown was featured on DJ Deorro's song "Five More Hours".

On June 24, Brown released a new song titled "Liquor". Shortly after, it was announced that "Liquor" was the first single from his seventh studio album. On August 22, 2015 the singer officially declares from his Twitter profile that the new album will be titled "Royalty" in honor of his daughter, Royalty Brown. On October 16 he has revealed the album cover, portraying Chris with Royalty in her arms in a black and white picture. On October 13, 2015, Brown announced that Royalty will be released on November 27, 2015. After it was revealed that the album has been pushed back to December 18, 2015, in exchange on November 27, 2015, he released a free 34-track mixtape called Before the Party as a prelude to Royalty, which features guest appearances from Rihanna, Wiz Khalifa, Pusha T, Wale, Tyga, French Montana and Fetty Wap. On October 16, 2015, the album cover was revealed. The album was released on December 18, 2015, and it debuted at number 3 on the US Billboard 200, selling 184,000 units (162,000 in pure album sales) in its first week, marking an improvement over Brown's last three studio albums. It also became his seventh solo album consecutive top ten debut in the United States.

2016–2019: Heartbreak on a Full Moon and Indigo

In March 2016, he collaborated again with the Italian DJ Benny Benassi for the song "Paradise" from the album Danceaholic.

On May 1, 2016, Brown announced that his next album title would be Heartbreak on a Full Moon. The lead single "Grass Ain't Greener" was released on May 5, 2016. In May 2016, Brown became the face of sneaker and streetwear retailer Snipes' spring/summer 2016 campaign.On December 16, 2016, Brown released the second single "Party" featuring Gucci Mane and Usher. Heartbreak on a Full Moon was eventually released as a double-disc album on October 31, 2017 via digital retailers and onto CD, three days later by RCA Records. The album received positive reviews from critics, who celebrated the record's variety, its length, and its introspective lyrical content. Heartbreak on a Full Moon debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200, becoming Brown's ninth consecutive top 10 album on the chart.

On March 15, 2018, Brown was featured in a new Lil Dicky single, "Freaky Friday", and its music video. By April 9, 2018, the video had reached over 100 million views and topped the charts in New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

On July 20, 2018, while on tour together, rapper Rich The Kid revealed via Instagram him and Chris Brown are recording a joint album. Brown and rapper Joyner Lucas also announced their collaboration project, titled Angels & Demons on February 25, 2018. Both projects are yet to be released.

In 2019, Brown signed an extension and a new license agreement with this label RCA Records. With the new deal in place, Brown will own his master recordings, making him one of the youngest artists to do so at the age of 29.

On January 4, 2019, Chris Brown released "Undecided", the first single off his ninth album, Indigo, alongside a video for the song. "Undecided" saw Brown reunite with producer Scott Storch, who previously worked with Brown in 2005 on his breakout hit "Run It!". On February 4, he appeared on the Trey Songz single "Chi Chi". On April 11, he released the second single off the album titled "Back to Love". The third single, "Wobble Up", was released a week later featuring Nicki Minaj and G-Eazy, announcing that the album is expected to be released in June. On April 25, he appeared on a track with Marshmello and Tyga called "Light It Up". In an announcement on May 2, Brown revealed the list of artists he's been working with for his album, everybody from Nicki Minaj Tory Lanez, Tyga, Justin Bieber, Juicy J, Juvenile, H.E.R, Tank, Sage the Gemini, Lil Jon, Lil Wayne, Joyner Lucas, Gunna and Drake were included on the list. Some of these collaborations were surprising to the media, especially Drake, due to their public feud that lasted for several years. He later revealed the artwork of the album and its track list between May and June 2019. On June 8, Brown released "No Guidance" featuring Drake as a single. It debuted at number nine on the US Billboard Hot 100, making it Brown's 15th top-ten song, and later peaked at number six. Indigo was eventually released on June 28, 2019 as a double album, marking Brown's second album to be released in this style. In the United States, Indigo debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with 108,000 album-equivalent units, which included 28,000 pure album sales in its first week, making it his third number-one album in the country. The album also accumulated 97.95 million on-demand audio streams in the United States for its track list of 32 songs. The album spawned a number of other singles, including "Heat", which topped the Billboard Rhythmic Airplay chart, and earned Brown his 13th number 1 on the chart, and second during 2019.

2020: Slime & B

On April 29, 2020, Chris Brown announced the release of a collaborative mixtape with Young Thug, Slime & B. It was released on May 5, 2020.

Artistry

Musical style and influences

Brown has cited a number of artists as his inspiration, predominantly Michael Jackson. Brown emphasizes "Michael Jackson is the reason why I do music and why I am an entertainer." In "Fine China", he exemplifies Jackson's influence both musically and visually as Ebony magazine’s Britini Danielle asserted that the song was "reminiscent of Michael Jackson’s Off the Wall". Choreographically, MTV noticed that it "takes distinct visual cues from classic clips like 'Smooth Criminal' and 'Beat It'", while Billboard complimented his appearance by calling it "a modern way to channel the King of Pop". Usher is also another influence who comes across as a more contemporary figure for Brown. He tells Vibe magazine "He was the one who the youngsters looked up to. I know that we, in the dancing and singing world, looked up to him", and maintains "If it wasn't for Usher, then Chris Brown couldn't exist". Other influences include Marvin Gaye, New Edition and R. Kelly.

Music critics have commended Brown's introduction to R&B, recognizing his modern day adaptations as well as versatility. Vibe's Iyana Robertson says "As traditional R&B flourished around him, the young singer began an evolution of the genre". She saw his debut single "Run It!" as a "prelude to what Brown would continue to do for the next decade: relentlessly disrupt the constructs of rhythm and blues." By his sophomore album Exclusive, she says he was "tapping more electric up-tempos, swimming deep in hip-hop waters and annihilating the pop arena". Describing the Grammy Award winning F.A.M.E. as "his most diverse offering to date", she remarked "There was no level of musical flexibility comparable. There still isn't."

In films such as Stomp the Yard and Battle of the Year, he displayed his ability to breakdance.

Voice

Brown possesses a light lyric tenor voice, which spans three and a half octaves, rising from the bass F♯ (F2) to its peak at the soprano C♯.(C♯6) His vocal ability was first recognized by his mother at a young age, as Brown tells People magazine "I was 11 and watching Usher perform 'My Way', and I started trying to mimic it. My mom was like, 'You can sing?' And I was like, 'Well, yeah, Mama.'" subsequently leading to the start of his career. "Take You Down" most notably earned him a Grammy award nomination for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2009.

Street art

Brown has produced street art under the pseudonym Konfused, partnering with street artist Kai to produce works for the Miami Basel.

Personal life and legal issues

Relationships

In 2009, Brown dated singer Rihanna. In 2011, Brown began dating aspiring model Karrueche Tran. In October 2012, Brown announced that he ended his relationship with Tran because he did not "want to see her hurt over my friendship with Rihanna." The day after the announcement, Brown released a video entitled "The Real Chris Brown", which features images of himself, Tran, and Rihanna, as Brown wonders, "Is there such thing as loving two people? I don't know if it's possible, but I feel like that."

In January 2013, Rihanna confirmed that she and Brown had resumed their romantic relationship, stating, "It's different now. We don't have those types of arguments anymore. We talk about shit. We value each other. We know exactly what we have now, and we don't want to lose that." Speaking of Brown, Rihanna also said, "He's not the monster everybody thinks. He's a good person. He has a fantastic heart. He's giving and loving. And he's fun to be around. That's what I love about him – he always makes me laugh. All I want to do is laugh, really – and I do that with him." However, she also declared that she would walk away if Brown showed a hint of his past violent behavior towards her again. In a May 2013 interview, Brown stated that he and Rihanna had broken up again. He subsequently reunited with Tran, but they parted ways following confirmation of Brown's daughter Royalty with Nia Guzman in 2015. In February 2017, Tran was granted a temporary 100-yard restraining order against Brown, and eventually a 5-year restraining order against the singer, claiming he threatened to kill her.

As of 2019, Brown was expecting a second child with Ammika Harris (Pietzker); their son Aeko Catori Brown was born on November 20, 2019.

Domestic violence case

At around 12:30 a.m. (PST) on February 8, 2009, Brown and his then-girlfriend, singer Rihanna, had an argument which escalated into physical violence, leaving Rihanna with visible facial injuries which required hospitalization. Brown turned himself in to the Los Angeles Police Department's Wilshire station at 6:30 p.m. (PST) and was booked under suspicion of making criminal threats. The police report did not name the female in the incident as is policy, but media sources soon revealed that the victim was Rihanna. Following Brown's arrest, several commercial ads and some TV shows featuring him were suspended, his music was withdrawn from multiple radio stations, and he withdrew from public appearances, including one at the 2009 Grammy Awards, where he was replaced by Justin Timberlake and Al Green. Brown hired a crisis management team and released a statement saying, "Words cannot begin to express how sorry and saddened I am over what transpired."

On March 5, 2009, Brown was charged with felony assault and making criminal threats. He was arraigned on April 6, 2009, and pleaded not guilty to one count of assault and one count of making criminal threats. On June 22, 2009, Brown pleaded guilty to a felony and accepted a plea deal of community labor, five years of probation, and domestic violence counseling. Several organizations against domestic violence criticized the plea deal, advocating the punishment was not severe enough for the crime; the level of Brown's influence over youth also came under scrutiny. On July 20, 2009, Brown released a two-minute video on his official YouTube page apologizing to fans and Rihanna for the assault, expressing the incident as his "deepest regret" and saying that he has repeatedly apologized to Rihanna and "accepts full responsibility". In the video, Brown said he wanted to speak out earlier about the case but was advised by his attorney not to until the legal ramifications were settled. The video was removed, but is still available online. On August 25, Brown was sentenced to five years of probation, one year of domestic violence counseling, and six months of community service; the judge retained a five-year restraining order on Brown, which requires him to remain 50 yards (45.72 meters) away from Rihanna, reduced to 10 yards at public events. Andy Kellman of AllMusic stated, "A fairly substantial backlash resulted in Brown's songs being pulled from rotation on several radio stations. Ultimately, however, it had little bearing on the progress of his music and acting careers."

On September 2, 2009, Brown spoke about the domestic violence case in a pre-recorded Larry King Live interview, his first public interview about the matter. He was accompanied to the interview by his mother, Joyce Hawkins, and attorney Mark Geragos, as he discussed growing up in a household with his mother being repeatedly assaulted by his stepfather. Brown said of hearing details of his assault of Rihanna, "I'm in shock, because, first of all, that's not who I am as a person, and that's not who I promise I want to be." Brown's mother said Brown "has never, ever been a violent person, ever" and that she does not believe in the cycle of violence. Brown said that it is "tough" for him to look at the famous photograph released of Rihanna's battered face, which may be the one image to haunt and define him forever, and that he still loved her. "I'm pretty sure we can always be friends," said Brown, "and I don't know about our relationship, but I just know definitely that we ended as friends." He stated he did not feel that his career was over, and likened his relationship with Rihanna to Romeo and Juliet, blaming the media attention in the aftermath of the assault for driving them apart. When asked if he had any memory of assaulting Rihanna, he said that he did not, but realized that it occurred, and was sorry for his actions. However, following criticism of saying he did not remember, he later said in a statement, "Of course I remember what happened. Several times during the interview, my mother said that I came to her right afterwards and told her everything." Brown said despite this, "[that night] was and still is a blur".

In June 2010, Brown's application for a visa to enter the UK was refused on the grounds of him "being guilty of a serious criminal offence" due to his assault on Rihanna. Brown had been planning to do a tour of British cities as part of a European tour but Sony stated that due to "issues surrounding his work visa" the tour was to be postponed. In February 2011, at the request of Brown's lawyer, Judge Patricia Schnegg modified with Rihanna's agreement the restraining order to a "level one order," allowing both singers to appear at awards shows together in the future. The following month, on March 22, 2011, during an interview with Robin Roberts on Good Morning America at the Times Square Studios, where he was asked about the Rihanna situation and restraining order, Brown became violent in his dressing room during a commercial break before his second performance ending that day's program, and threw an object at a window overlooking Times Square, causing damage to the window. He then took off his shirt, and after several angry confrontations with the segment producer, other show staff and building security, left the building shirtless. Following the incident, he said that he was tired of people bringing up the incident.

On July 11, 2012, Brown's community service was evaluated and he was ordered to meet a judge. The evaluation was ordered by Superior Court Judge Patricia Schnegg on July 10, 2012. He was scheduled to appear in court with regard to the evaluation on August 21, 2012. While conducting his community service in Virginia, however, Brown was tested positive for cannabis and appeared in court on September 25, 2012, at which time his hearing date was changed to November, to determine whether or not he had violated the terms of his court order. He reappeared in court on November 1, 2012, to ascertain whether or not he had violated his probation less than 24 hours after attending the same party as Rihanna, dressed as an Islamic terrorist. He attempted to address the court and was told by his lawyer, Mark Geragos, "I don't dance; you don't talk." Later that year, in September, Brown received criticism for a new neck tattoo that appeared to be the face of a battered woman, prompting allegations that the tattoo was a depiction of Rihanna. Brown's publicist stated that the tattoo does not depict a battered woman and is instead a design derived from a Day of the Dead sugar skull. On March 20, 2015, Brown's probation ended formally closing the felony case emanating from the Rihanna assault which happened over six years prior.

In a 2017 self-documentary, Welcome to My Life, Brown goes into detail about the abusive relationship, saying he intended to marry Rihanna, but that he lost her trust after he lied about a sexual encounter with someone who worked with him, that happened prior to their relationship.

Religion

When discussing his upbringing, Brown stated: "We were used to two pairs of shoes for a school year. We used to go to church every day. I was one of those kids that had more church clothes than school clothes." He has also discussed his second work of grace, saying that "he experienced the Holy Ghost while performing 'His Eye Is on the Sparrow' in church". After being released from jail on June 2, 2014, Brown wrote that he was "Humbled and Blessed" and tweeted the words "Thank you GOD."

Other legal issues and rehab

In January 2013, Brown was involved in an altercation with Frank Ocean over a parking space, outside a recording studio in West Hollywood. Police officers in Los Angeles said that Brown was under investigation, describing the incident as "battery" due to Brown allegedly punching Ocean. Although Ocean alleged that Brown had threatened to shoot him, he said he would not press charges.

In July 2013, Brown's probation was revoked after he was involved in an alleged hit-and-run in Los Angeles. He was released from court and was scheduled to reappear in August 2013, to learn whether or not he would serve time in prison. The charges would later be dropped, but Brown would have 1,000 additional hours of community service added to his probation terms.

In October 2013, Brown was arrested for felony assault in Washington, D.C., after refusing to take a picture with two men. The charge was reduced to a misdemeanor. Brown spent 36 hours in a Washington jail and was taken to court in shackles. He was released and ordered to report to his California probation officer within 48 hours. The probation officer prepared a report for the Los Angeles judge, who could have ordered him to complete as many as four years in prison for the beating of Rihanna if found to be in violation of his probation.

On October 30, 2013, Brown voluntarily decided to enter rehab. After Brown completed his 90 days, the judge ordered him to remain a resident at the Malibu treatment facility until a hearing on April 23, 2014. The deal was if Brown left rehab, he would go directly to jail. On March 14, 2014, Brown was kicked out of the rehab facility and sent to Northern Neck Regional Jail for violating internal rules. He was expected to be released on April 23, 2014, but a judge denied his release request from custody either on bail or his own recognizance. At his May 9, 2014 court date, Brown was ordered to serve 131 days in jail for his probation violation. He was sentenced to serve 365 days in custody; however, he was given credit for the 234 days he has already spent in rehab and jail. He was given early release from jail just after midnight on June 2, 2014, because of jail overcrowding calculations that count one day in custody as two days.

The leadership of the Iglesia ni Cristo, a Philippine-based religious sect, filed a fraud complaint against Brown for not appearing at a New Year's Eve show held at the Iglesia ni Cristo-owned Philippine Arena on December 31, 2014. The Iglesia ni Cristo's chief legal advisor, Glicerio Santos IV, acting on behalf of their Maligaya Development Corporation, who manages the Philippine Arena, requested assistance from Justice Secretary Leila De Lima on prosecuting the case. De Lima confirmed that she issued a Lookout Bulletin Order against Brown, meaning that he would have to confront and disprove the allegations of fraud in order to acquire an Emigration Clearance Certificate which would allow him to leave the country. In late afternoon of July 24, 2015, he was permitted to leave the Philippines.

In the early hours of August 30, 2016, a woman called the police to report that Brown had threatened her with a gun inside his house. Due to his previous felony assault conviction, Brown is prohibited to possess any firearms. Police were called, but Brown denied them entry without a warrant. When they returned with one, Brown refused them entry and began what news sources referred to as a "standoff" with the LAPD, including the robbery-homicide division and SWAT team. During this time, Brown was seen posting videos on Instagram, in which he rails against the police and the media coverage of the activity at his house. He denounced media reports that he was "barricaded" inside his house, complained about the helicopters flying overhead, and called the police "idiots" and "the worst gang in the world." He said that he was innocent and "What I do care about is you are defacing [sic] my name and my character and integrity". Brown was arrested and later released from jail on $250,000 bail. On September 1, 2016, Brown's lawyer, Mark Geragos, stated that there was no standoff and that, with regard to the LAPD search, "nothing was found to corroborate her statement." In September, Japan denied Brown entry due to the allegations. Charges were later dropped after prosecutors declined to arraign Brown on the felony charges.

As of 2016, due to his criminal record, Brown is banned from entering Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.

Business ventures

In 2007, Brown founded the record label CBE (Chris Brown Entertainment or Culture Beyond Your Evolution), under Interscope Records. Brown has since signed frequent collaborator Kevin McCall, singer Sabrina Antoinette, former RichGirl member Sevyn Streeter, singer/songwriter Joelle James, and rock group U.G.L.Y.

Brown has stated he owns fourteen Burger King restaurants. In 2012, he launched a clothing line called Black Pyramid, in collaboration with the founders of the Pink + Dolphin clothing line.

Discography

Chris Brown (2005)

Exclusive (2007)

Graffiti (2009)

F.A.M.E. (2011)

Fortune (2012)

X (2014)

Royalty (2015)

Heartbreak on a Full Moon (2017)

Indigo (2019)

Filmography

Tours

Headlining

Up Close and Personal Tour (2006)

The UCP Exclusive Tour (2007)

Fan Appreciation Tour (2009)

F.A.M.E. Tour (2011)

Carpe Diem Tour (2012)

Between The Sheets Tour (with Trey Songz) (2015)

One Hell of a Nite Tour (2015-2016)

The Party Tour (2017)

Heartbreak On A Full Moon Tour (2018)

Indigoat Tour (2019)

Supporting

The Beyoncé Experience (Australia dates) (2007)

Good Girl Gone Bad Tour (the Philippines, Oceania) (2008)

Supafest (2012)

#05/05

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brockwoodhouse8-blog · 6 years ago

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shenzhenblog · 6 years ago

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Managing Vendor Risk. How Tim Cook and the coffee seller near my home have the same problem!

There is a coffee shop close to where I live, and the owner is a friendly man. He begins every day anxiously waiting till the milk is fully boiled. If the milk ends up with a bad taste, the coffee will be terrible and he will lose first-time customers as they will never come back. On occasions when the milk curdles, he has to wash and clean every vessel that comes in contact with that milk.

As he prefers fresh buffalo milk every day, he is dependent on his two vendors. He does not mind paying a premium for reliable quality and timeliness – but there aren’t any more reliable vendors.

Though he tries to develop a relationship with his existing milk vendors, it is tough going. The social divide is rather stark. The relationship is what it is, a polite but impersonal one where both the buyer and seller view each other in a transactional manner. They are not invested in each other’s success.

“Can’t do without each other” syndrome

Buyers across industries face this problem. Apple was dependent on Foxconn for assembling iPhones. By 2010, news about harsh treatment of Foxconn employees came to light. 18 workers had attempted suicide and 14 died. Tim Cook had to fly to Foxconn facilities and meet with suicide prevention experts and Foxconn’s senior management in an attempt to stop the rising noise around its brand.

Apple could not terminate Foxconn’s services. They were far too dependent on Foxconn. Like the coffee shop owner. He too is dependent on the milk vendor. So, how can buyers handle this situation?

Informal, soft power networks

Firms in Korea, Japan and China have organized themselves into a network of buyers and sellers. In those countries, the coffee shop owner and the milk vendor will be part of a network. This allows the coffee shop owner access to more vendors, while the vendors benefit through access to more buyers. This network is called Keiretsu in Japan, Chaebol in Korea and Guanxi in China. These groups have well-established norms of commercial behaviour and it serves its purpose by building trust among members.

If the milk vendor, who is part of such a network, supplies bad quality milk on a regular basis, he would be first counselled and if that continues, thrown out of the group. It would mean the loss of business from all the coffee shop owners and other milk consumers – not just a single client. The same goes for the buyer – if he reneges on paying, or delays payments or shifts requirements, he will be thrown out of the group and will not have access to suppliers inside the group.

While this solution may not work in the case of Apple as it is too big, smaller companies could benefit from such an arrangement. Even Apple can think of forming a group of vendors under its aegis, with some basic norms of commercial and people-related behaviour that could have avoided the Foxconn fiasco.

So, here’s a question for you:

Do you think the concept of a buyer-seller network will work for the IT services market? Or would that result in a higher bar for entry, which in turn can inhibit disruption and innovation?

Note: This article is excerpted from book ‘Games Customers Play’ By Ramesh Dorairaj

Ramesh Dorairaj

Ramesh Dorairaj is consultant, coach and an author. He has 27+ Years of Experience consulting for Fortune 500 companies worldwide. He has groomed 50+ leaders. Has participated in 2.5 Billion $ worth of successful deals. He is a Certified Executive Coach at Marshall Goldsmith Stakeholder Centered Coaching, Certified Sales Coach and a Certified Proposal Coach.

Managing Vendor Risk. How Tim Cook and the coffee seller near my home have the same problem! was originally published on Shenzhen Blog

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onchangeblog-blog · 6 years ago

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Harry Sinko and Gary Lane talk about the mine of the future

These are the show notes for the podcast On Change, which explores change that works and the people who make it happen.

Episode 06

In this episode I speak to Harry Sinko and Gary Lane from Vuuma Collaborations. We talk about disruption in the mining industry and what is will take to get to Mining 4.0.

Harry and I have worked together on a number of Mining Business Improvement projects across various commodities and continents.

Harry’s bio: With an international reputation of being a creative, motivational andresults driven change agent, Harry has worked very successfully across corporate boundaries delivering strong results in a variety of industries and cultures. Whilst he has worked with an extensive range of global blue chip companies and government organisations across the world he has focused his efforts primarily in the mining and resources sector over the last 20 years. His work primarily includes senior leadership coaching, strategy development, systems analysis and design. His expertise lies in practical implementation of sustainable value chain and asset optimisation programs incorporating systems thinking, change management, leadership development and a range of Business Improvement Methodologies. The result of line management and executive leadership roles, Harry has become a proven leader, demonstrating significant results in creating business growth and effective management of complex risk whilst building strong collaborative and trusted relationships. This is evident in the fact that Harry has led, coached, facilitated, trained, and mentored over 16,000 individuals in personal development and performance improvement programs ranging from senior executives to operational staff involved in several dozen projects in Australia, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Brazil, Chile, Canada, US, Mexico, Belgium, Romania, England, Papua New Guinea, Japan, Korea, China, Singapore and New Zealand.

Gary’s bio: With a passion for transforming the mining industry, Gary has built up a global reputation in the mining industry over the past 26 years. His experience started with various engineering and project management roles within Anglo American delivering 5 mega capital projects before completing an MBA and co-founding his first business start-up, Cyest Corporation, 14 years ago focusing on mining optimisation. This was followed by a tech start-up to focus on next generation technology and more recently Vuuma Collaborations to focus on systems thinking for the mine of the future and has recently built the experiential simulation centre SiMINE @MandelaMiningPrecinct. Gary has recently been appointed MD of ESTEQ Mining aimed at leveraging the digital simulation technologies from the motor manufacturing and aerospace industries into mining, His philosophy is about collaboration with thought leaders globally to bring together the technology, skills and experience to drive a quantum change in the mining industry. He is a registered professional engineer, is on the council and chairman of the technical programme committee for the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy

Harry and Gary are both directors for Vuuma Collaborations, ESTEQ Mining, Transrupt and they’ve built a mining simulation called SiMINE at the Mandela Mining Precinct. All of these companies have something to do with disruption, technology and digitisation of the Mining Industry…

In the Rapid fire round Gary recommends the book Boundaries for Leaders, and Harry recommends Freakanomics (which is also one of my favourite podcasts). The app that Harry recommends is Penultimate and Gary recommends Evernote.

Gary is on the committee for the South Institute for Mining and Metallurgy.

Music used in this podcast:

Endeavour by Jahzzar f found on the Free Music Archive, under a CC BY 2.0 license.

Thanks to:

· Carol Ofori: For her voice in the opening credits

· Willem Nel from Acoustic Alien Audio: Sound editing in opening credits & sourcing theme and bed music

· Gavin Kennedy and Ofentse Xaba from Solid Gold Studios.

Host: Petro du Pisani, Certified Experienced Change Practitioner.

On Change is available on Castbox and iTunes.

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apdscnotification2018-blog · 7 years ago

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teacher training and teacher first-class

1.0 creation

one of the sectors which fosters national improvement is training by means of ensuring the improvement of a practical human resource. The organization of strong instructional systems results in a society populated through enlightened people, who can motive superb economic progress and social transformation. A fine social transformation and its associated financial growth are carried out because the people observe the competencies they learned even as they have been in school. the acquisition of those abilties is facilitated with the aid of one person we all 'instructor'. for that reason, countries in search of financial and social trends need now not ignore teachers and their role in country wide development.

instructors are the fundamental element that drives students' achievements in getting to know. The overall performance of instructors usually determines, now not simplest, the first-class of schooling, AP DSC Notification 2018 however the wellknown performance of the scholars they teach. the lecturers themselves consequently need to get the first-rate of schooling, for you to in turn assist train students in the high-quality of ways. it's far acknowledged, that the nice of teachers and quality teaching are a number of the most critical factors that form the gaining knowledge of and social and academic increase of college students. best education will ensure, to a big extent, instructors are of very high exceptional, for you to be able to correctly control classrooms and facilitate gaining knowledge of. this is why trainer nice remains a count number of subject, even, in countries wherein college students continually attain excessive rankings in worldwide tests, consisting of trends in mathematics and technology study (TIMSS). In such international locations, teacher schooling of prime importance because of the capability it has to motive advantageous college students' achievements.

The structure of trainer training keeps changing in nearly all countries in response to the quest of producing teachers who recognize the current wishes of students or just the call for for teachers. The modifications are tries to make sure that nice teachers are produced and every now and then just to make certain that school rooms aren't freed from teachers. within the united statesA, a way to promote excessive nice instructors has been an difficulty of contention and, for the beyond decade or so, has been influenced, basically, via the methods prescribed by using the No infant Left in the back of Act (done California teachers, 2015). Even in Japan and other japanese international locations where there are more instructors than wished, and systems have been instituted to ensure excessive nice teachers are produced and hired, problems regarding the teacher and teaching great are nonetheless of problem (Ogawa, Fujii & Ikuo, 2013). trainer training is therefore no comic story everywhere. this text is in two components. It first discusses Ghana's teacher training device and in the 2d component looks at a few determinants of best teaching.

2.zero teacher schooling

Ghana has been making deliberate attempts to provide pleasant teachers for her fundamental college classrooms. As Benneh (2006) indicated, Ghana's purpose of trainer education is to provide a complete instructor training software via the provision of preliminary instructor education and in-carrier education applications, with the intention to produce able instructors, who will help improve the effectiveness of the coaching and gaining knowledge of that is going on in faculties. The initial teacher schooling program for Ghana's basic school instructors became provided in faculties of education (CoE) only, till quite these days whilst, college of training, college of Cape Coast, valuable college college and different tertiary institutions joined in. The maximum placing distinction among the programs provided by the other tertiary group is that while the colleges teach, observe and award certificate to their college students, the colleges of schooling offer training even as the college of Cape Coast, through the Institute of training, examines and award certificates. The training programs presented by those institutions are tries at presenting many certified instructors to teach in the schools. The country wide Accreditation Board accredits instructor education packages so that you can make certain nice.

The countrywide Accreditation Board accredits teacher schooling packages based on the structure and content of the publications proposed via the organization. therefore, the courses run by numerous institutions differ in content and shape. as an instance, the course content material for the Institute of training, college of Cape Coast is slightly one-of-a-kind from the path structure and content of the center for retain education, university of Cape Coast and none of these two packages suits that of the CoEs, even though they all award diploma in basic schooling (DBE) after 3 years of training. The DBE and the four-year Untrained instructor's degree in fundamental training (UTDBE) applications run via the CoEs are best similar, but not the equal. The equal may be stated of the 2-12 months put up-degree in simple training, four-12 months Bachelor's diploma applications run through the university of Cape Coast, the college of schooling, Winneba and the opposite Universities and college schools. In impact despite the fact that, identical products appeal to same customers, the coaching of the goods are executed in distinctive approaches.

It is through those many packages that instructors are prepared for the simple schools - from nursery to senior high colleges. alternative pathways, or applications through which instructors are prepared are seen to be suitable in situations in which there are shortages of instructors and extra teachers need to learn within a completely brief time. an ordinary example is the UTDBE program, cited above, which design to equip non-expert instructors with expert capabilities. however this try to produce greater instructors, because of shortage of instructors, has the tendency of comprising pleasant.

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kaygroupasia · 1 year ago

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The Role of Professional Coaches in Personal and Career Development

Discover the transformative power of leadership coaching programs for C-suite professionals with a Certified Executive Coach. Explore how our coaching services can elevate your career and leadership skills. To know more visit our website.

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societyresource · 7 years ago

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How to become an expert at everyting | Mohsin Lodhi | TEDxNUSTKarachi

Important life lessons for everyone

➢ 35 years leadership, management, consulting, sales, teaching & training experience by leading a team of 10-50 people ➢ Keynote speaker ➢ International experience in sales, management & training with 642 training and coaching sessions during 2011-2015 ➢ 268+ lectures at NUST on organisational behaviour, entrepreneurship, and professional ethics. ➢ Serial…

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#global #globalnarrative #archive #english #History #life...#News #Pakistan #resource #society #Success #TEDxTalks

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darbiblog-blog · 7 years ago

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Teacher Education and Teacher Quality For Information

New Post has been published on https://darbi.org/teacher-education-and-teacher-quality-for-information/

Teacher Education and Teacher Quality For Information

1.zero Introduction

One of the sectors which foster countrywide improvement is education via making sure the development of a practical human useful resource. The organization of strong educational systems results in a society populated by using enlightened people, who can purpose high-quality economic progress and social transformation. An effective social transformation and its associated monetary boom are accomplished as the human beings follow the capabilities they learned whilst they have been in a faculty. The acquisition of these abilities is facilitated through one man or woman we all ‘instructor’. Because of this, international locations in search of financial and social trends need now not ignore instructors and their role in national development.

teachers are the most important component that drives college students’ achievements in gaining knowledge of. The performance of teachers generally determines, no longer simplest, the quality of schooling, but the preferred performance of the students they train. The lecturers themselves consequently should get the best of schooling, a good way to in flip help educate college students within the first-rate of methods. It’s far known, that the high-quality of instructors and exceptional teaching are some of the most vital factors that form the learning and social and academic increase of college students. fine schooling will make certain, to a huge quantity, teachers are of very high nice, on the way to have the ability to correctly manipulate classrooms and facilitate getting to know. That is why instructor pleasant is still a be counted off a subject, even, in countries wherein students always attain excessive rankings in international exams, together with Trends in Arithmetic and Technological know-how Study (TIMSS). In such international locations, teacher training of high significance due to the ability it has to purpose fantastic college students’ achievements.

The shape of teacher schooling maintains converting in nearly all countries in reaction to the quest of producing instructors who recognize the current wishes of students or simply the call for teachers. The adjustments are attempts to ensure that excellent teachers are produced and occasionally just to make sure that classrooms aren’t freed from teachers. within the United states of americaA, a way to sell high best instructors has been a trouble of contention and, for the beyond the decade or so, has been motivated, essentially, through the techniques prescribed through the No Child Left In the back of Act (Completed California instructors, 2015). Even in Japan and other Eastern nations where there are extra instructors than wished, and structures were instituted to ensure excessive best instructors are produced and hired, issues referring to the teacher and coaching great are nevertheless of a problem (Ogawa, Fujii & Ikuo, 2013). instructor training is consequently no comic story anywhere. This text is in parts. It first discusses Ghana’s trainer schooling machine and inside the 2d element looks at a few determinants of first-class coaching.

2.0 instructor schooling

Ghana has been making planned tries to produce exceptional instructors for her basic college lecture rooms. As Benneh (2006) indicated, Ghana’s aim of teacher education is to provide a complete information instructor training application through the availability of preliminary instructor training and in-carrier schooling packages, in an effort to produce capable instructors, who will assist improve the effectiveness of the coaching and mastering that goes on in colleges. The initial teacher training software for Ghana’s basic faculty instructors turned into presented in Colleges of training (CoE) simplest, till quite recently whilst, University of schooling, College of Cape Coast, Vital College University and other tertiary establishments joined in. The most striking distinction among the packages presented by means of the alternative tertiary institution is that while the universities train, observe and award certificates to their students, the colleges of education offer tuition while the University of Cape Coast, through the Institute of training, examines and award certificates. The education applications provided by way of those institutions are attempts at providing many certified teachers for training in the colleges. The country-wide Accreditation Board accredits teacher training applications with a view to make certain first-rate.

The national Accreditation Board accredits instructor training programs based totally on the structure and content of the courses proposed for the group. Hence, the publications run with the aid of various establishments differ in content and shape. For instance, the route content material for the Institute of schooling, College of Cape Coast is slightly distinctive from the path structure and content material of the Middle for Continue education, College of Cape Coast and none of these two packages fits that of the CoEs, though all of them award Diploma in primary education (DBE) after three years of education. The DBE and the Four-12 month’s Untrained trainer’s Degree in primary education (UTUBE) programs run by way of the CoEs are only comparable, but now not the same. The equal may be said of the two-year Submit-Diploma in simple education, Four-year Bachelor’s degree packages run by means of the University of Cape Coast, the University of schooling, Winneba and the other Universities and College Schools. In effect despite the fact that, same products appeal to identical customers, the preparation of the goods is carried out in one of a kind methods.

It is thru those many packages that instructors are organized for the primary faculties – from nursery to senior excessive schools. Alternative pathways or packages through which instructors are organized are visible to be properly in situations in which there are shortages of instructors and greater teachers should be trained in a completely brief time. A standard example is the UTUBE program, noted above, which design to equip non-professional instructors with professional abilities. however this tries to produce extra teachers, because of a scarcity of instructors, has the tendency of comprising fine.

As cited by means of Xiaoxia, Heeju, Nicci and Stone (2010) the factors that contribute to the issues of trainer training and instructor retention are numerous and complicated, but one component that trainer educators are worried about is the Alternative pathways via which teacher education arise. The prime purpose of a few of the pathways is too fast track teachers into the coaching career. This short-modified the important teacher education that potential teachers want before turning into classroom teachers. Folks that desire Opportunity routes, like train for The us (TFA), according to Xiaoxia, Heeju, Nicci and Stone (2010) have defended their Opportunity pathways via pronouncing that even though the scholars are engaged in a quick period of pre-carrier education, the students are academically first-rate and so have the capability to learn lots in a quick period. Others argue that during topics like English, Technological know-how and Mathematics wherein there are generally shortages of teachers, there have to be a deliberate starting up of Alternative pathways to correct applicants who had executed English, Arithmetic and Technology courses at the undergraduate stage. None of these arguments in assist of Opportunity pathways, maintain for the Alternative trainer training programs in Ghana, in which the academically tremendous college students shun coaching because of reasons I shall come to.

while the target is simply to fill vacant classrooms, issues of excellent instructor preparation are relegated to the heritage, by hook or by crook. Right at the choice stage, the Opportunity pathways ease the requirement for gaining entry into trainer education packages. whilst, As an example, the second batch of UTDBE college students were admitted, I will say with confidence that access requirements into the CoEs had been not adhered to. What became emphasized turned into that, the applicant should be a non-expert fundamental school trainer who has been engaged through the Ghana training provider, and that the applicant holds a certificate above fundamental training certificates Exam. The grades acquired did no longer remember. If this pathway had no longer been created, the CoEs would no longer have trained college students who to begin with did now not qualify to enroll in the normal DBE software. However, it leaves in its trail the debilitating effect compromised first-class.

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In spite of regular DBE applications, I’ve found out, simply recently I need to say, that CoEs in, unique, aren’t attracting the candidates with very high grades. This, as I have learned now, has a big have an effect on both teacher satisfactory and teacher effectiveness. The fact is, trainer schooling packages in Ghana do not seem as prestigious packages and so candidates with high grades do no longer opt for schooling packages. And so the majority of applicants who apply for instructor schooling programs have, extraordinarily, decrease grades. while the access requirement for CoEs’ DBE program for 2016/2017 academic yr became published, I observed the minimal access grades were dropped from C6 to D8 for West African Senior Secondary faculty Exam applicants. This drop in trendy should only be attributed to Coes’ try to attract extra candidates. the colleges too, decrease they reduce off factor for schooling programs so as attract greater applicants. the universities as alleged by using Levine (2006) see their teacher schooling programs, so to say, as cash cows. Their choice to make cash, pressure them to lower admission standards, just like the CoEs have achieved, with the intention to boom their enrollments. The reality that, admission standards are the world over decreased which will acquire a purpose of growing numbers. This susceptible recruitment practice or reducing of standards introduce an extreme mission to teacher education

The Japanese had been able to make instructor education and coaching prestigious and therefore entice college students with high grades. One may additionally argue that in Japan, the delivery of instructors some distance exceeds the demand and so the government aren’t beneath any stress to hire instructors. Their gadget might not go through in the event that they do all they can to pick out higher grade student into teacher education programs. To them, the problems referring to the choice of teachers are more important that the issues regarding recruitment. But, in western and African international locations the troubles referring to recruitment are prime. It’s so because the call for teachers a long way outweighs that of delivery. Western and African international locations have difficulties recruiting instructors because teachers and the coaching career isn’t held in high esteem. instructor schooling applications, therefore, do not entice students who’ve superb grades. It is worth noting that, it isn’t the recruiting manner handiest that determines whether or not or now not teacher schooling may be prestigious, However recruiting candidates with excessive grades, guarantees that when training, teachers will showcase the two traits critical to powerful teaching – satisfactory and effectiveness. teacher training may be powerful if the coaching career is held in high esteem and consequently able to attract the quality of applicants. In any other case, no matter incentives positioned into a region to draw applicants and irrespective of the measures to be able to be put in the area to bolster trainer training, trainer schooling applications can’t absolutely gain its cause.

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with a purpose to improve instructor guidance, there may be the need for teacher instruction applications to provide top schooling during the initial trainer training degree, and offer and maintain support all through the primary few years after The lecturers were hired. That is why Lumpe (2007) supports the idea that pre-service trainer training applications must ensure teachers have won a good knowledge of effective coaching techniques. Method lessons, therefore, should Center on powerful coaching strategies. no matter the pathway the training software takes, the program ought to be dependent such that trainees benefit understanding about pedagogy, besides the importance of information of situation count number. They should also get enough publicity to practical classroom experiences like the on-campus and rancid-campus coaching practice. whether or not there may be the need to fill vacancies in the school room because of the excessive trainer attrition, many nations face, instructor practice packages need to aim at generating nice and powerful teacher and not just filling vacancies.

3.0 DETERMINANTS OF teacher first-rate

trainer great has such huge impact on students’ learning. Everybody who has been inside the teaching enterprise will agree that instructor first-rate is Imperative to schooling reform efforts. Priagula, Agam & Solmon (2007) defined trainer nice as a vital in-faculty aspect that impacts appreciably on college students’ learning. fine instructors have advantageous effect at the success of students. in which the students have first-rate and powerful instructors the scholars make learning gains at the same time as those with ineffective teachers display declines. With respect to the school room trainer, instructor first-rate is a continuous manner of doing self-assessment in order to have professional improvement and a self-renewal, with the intention to beautify coaching. For the trainer educator, an effective or nice teacher is one who has a great issue-rely and pedagogy information, which he/she will build upon.

First rate teachers own and show off many exemplary traits. They have got the abilities, a difficulty is counted, and pedagogy to reach each Baby. They assist equip their college students with the understanding and breadth of cognizance to make sound and unbiased judgments. three determinants of instructor nice may be considered here. They may be; pedagogical knowledge, situation-be counted content material knowledge and experience.

3.1 PEDAGOGICAL content know-how

Trainees of every profession get hold of a few kind of training that will supply them insight into and prepare them for the project in advance. That of the teacher is referred to as Pedagogical content material information or Pedagogical knowledge. Pedagogical content knowledge can be described as, understanding The academics use in organizing classrooms, turning in the content the scholars ought to display mastery over and for managing the students entrusted into their care. normally talking, pedagogical understanding is expertise the instructor uses to facilitate college students’ getting to know. Pedagogical content understanding is in two important forms – teachers’ know-how of the students’ pre-conceptions and teachers’ know-how of teaching methodologies. students come to magnificence with a host of preconceptions relating to the things They may be getting to know. The pre-conceptions may additionally or may not be constant with the actual situation-count number That is added. teachers must have a good concept of each form of preconception, on the way to assist college students, replace the inconsistent pre-conceptions or build upon the steady pre-conceptions to result in meaningful mastering. instructors need to have a repertoire of teaching methodologies for facilitating college students’ gaining knowledge of. when the methodologies are applied wrongly very little gaining knowledge of takes place in college students. In effect, while either of the 2 is vulnerable, the trainer becomes a bad one due to the fact that instructor will not be capable of executing his/her obligation inside the vacation he/she has chosen. because of this at some stage in teacher training, Pedagogical content understanding is emphasized.

instructors gain Pedagogical content material know-how from numerous assets. Friedrichsen, Abell, Pareja, Brown, Lankford and Volkmann (2009) distinguished three ability sources of Pedagogical content material knowledge. They indexed the assets as expert development programs, teaching stories and finally teachers’ own studying studies. throughout their days as students in instructor education packages, teachers are assisted in variety ways to advantage Pedagogical content expertise. For examples, all through exercise, they discover ways to placed the pedagogical abilities they learned. trainer education programs and other professional improvement packages create avenues for instructors to advantage pedagogical content material information via workshops, lectures, operating together with colleagues, and in coaching exercise. Then their reviews of their school rooms as they educate college students make them gain perception into which methodologies work beneath high-quality underneath precise conditions. That ultimate source is typically left out. It shows that the professional expertise of the trainer begins to increase lengthy earlier than the teacher becomes a candidate stepping into instructor schooling. This indicates the manner instructors educate effects to a huge volume the prospective instructors’ professional understanding and beliefs. This kind of getting to know is, generally, disregarded by instructors at all degrees due to the fact unintended and casual, It is.

Pedagogical content material understanding can be gained thru formal and informal approach. mastering opportunities for pedagogical content understanding, formally, designed by means of establishments, based totally on mastering goals which commonly are a prerequisite for certification, constitutes the formal means. In the formal gaining knowledge of, students have clear thoughts about the objective of obtaining pedagogical talents. casual studying, alternatively, isn’t prepared deliberately. It takes location incidentally and so can be considered as ‘aspect effect’. As Kleickmann et al (2012) described it, it has no purpose with admire to learning effects, and It’s miles contextualized to a big volume. That is frequently called studying by means of enjoying. casual, but deliberative, gaining knowledge of conditions exists. This occurs in situations together with studying in corporations, mentoring, and intentional practicing of some abilities or equipment. Werquin (2010) defined casual, however deliberative, mastering as non-formal getting to know. In contrast to formal getting to know, non-formal mastering does no longer occur in academic institutions and does no longer appeal to certification. whether or not pedagogical content know-how

Pedagogical content material know-how is used to bridges the distance among content understanding and actual coaching. by bridging the gap, it ensures that discussions of content are relevant to teaching and that discussions themselves are targeted on the content material. As such, Pedagogical content understanding is something teachers have to be aware of. teachers who possess and use proper Pedagogical content material expertise have desirable manage over study room management and evaluation, expertise approximately mastering strategies, teaching methods, and man or woman traits (Harr, Eichler, & Renkl, 2014). Such instructors are capable of creating an atmosphere that facilitates getting to know and is also capable of gift or facilitates the gaining knowledge of-of principles by even lazy college students. They’re able to make gaining knowledge of easier through college students Consequently teacher with high pedagogical content knowledge may be categorized as excellent instructors. It’s miles really worth noting that it isn’t always pedagogical content understanding most effective that makes correct teachers. A teacher will no longer be top if he/she is master of pedagogical expertise, however, lacks situation count content material know-how. three.2 challenge-count importance of information

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The aim of coach

ing is to assist freshmen to increase intellectual resources in order to enable them to participate completely in the principal domains of human taught and inquiry. The degree to which the trainer can help college students to study relies upon at the situation-rely the instructor possesses. That is to say, instructors’ understanding of challenge-remember has to affect their efforts to help college students to study that problem be counted. If an instructor is ignorant or no longer properly knowledgeable he/she can not do college students any desirable, he/she will alternatively plenty harm them. when the teacher conceives expertise in this sort of way that It’s far narrow, or do not have accurate facts referring to a selected problem-be counted, he/she will pass on those same shallow or erroneous information to college students. This sort of teacher will hardly ever apprehend the steady pre-conceptions and undertaking the misconceptions of college students. any such trainer can introduce misconceptions as he/she uses texts uncritically or inappropriately regulate them. It’s far the teacher idea of the information that shapes the kind of education he/she asks and the ideas he/she reinforces as well as the varieties of duties the instructor designs.

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blackkudos · 7 years ago

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Chris Brown

Christopher Maurice (Chris) Brown (born May 5, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. Born in Tappahannock, Virginia, he was involved in his church choir and several local talent shows from a young age. Having signed with Jive Records in 2004, Brown released his self-titled debut studio album the following year. It peaked at number two on the US Billboard 200 and was later certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), selling an overall three million copies worldwide. With his first single "Run It!" peaking atop the US Billboard Hot 100, Brown became the first male artist as a lead since Diddy in 1997 to have his debut single top the chart. His second album Exclusive (2007) spawned his second Hot 100 number one "Kiss Kiss", in addition to "With You" and "Forever". The album was also certified double platinum by the RIAA. In addition to his solo commercial success, Brown has been featured on several singles such as "No Air", a duet with singer Jordin Sparks, "Shortie like Mine" with the rapper Bow Wow and "Shawty Get Loose" alongside Lil Mama and T-Pain. The songs have peaked at number three, number nine and number ten on the US Billboard Hot 100 respectively.

In 2009, Brown received significant media attention after pleading guilty to felony assault of his then girlfriend, singer Rihanna; he was sentenced to five years of probation and six months of community service. His third album Graffiti was released later that year, and included the top-twenty single "I Can Transform Ya". Brown's fourth album F.A.M.E. (2011) became his first to top the Billboard 200; it spawned the singles "Yeah 3x", "Look at Me Now", and "Beautiful People". F.A.M.E. earned Brown his first Grammy Award for Best R&B Album at the 54th Grammy Awards. His fifth album Fortune was released in 2012. However, after the release of Exclusive, Brown's albums have not been well received commercially or by music critics, with the exception of X, which received a normalized rating of 63. Brown's seventh studio album Royalty was released on December 18, 2015.

Apart from his work in the music industry, Brown has pursued an acting career. In 2007, he made his on-screen feature film debut in Stomp the Yard, and appeared as a guest on the television series The O.C.. Other films Brown has appeared in, include This Christmas (2007), Takers (2010), Think Like a Man (2012), and Battle of the Year (2013). Throughout his career, Brown has won several awards, including 14 BET Awards, 5 Billboard Music Awards, and 5 Soul Train Music Awards. According to Billboard, Brown has the seventh most Hot 100 entries on the chart with 82.

Early life

Career

2002–04: Career beginnings

2005–06: Chris Brown and acting debut

Released on November 29, 2005, the self-titled Chris Brown album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 154,000 copies. Chris Brown was a relative commercial success with the time; selling over two million copies in the United States—where it was certified two times platinum by the RIAA—and three million copies worldwide. The album's lead single, "Run It!", made Brown the first male act (since Montell Jordan in 1995) to have his debut single to reach the summit of the Billboard Hot 100—later remaining for four additionally weeks. Three of the other singles—"Yo (Excuse Me Miss)," "Gimme That" and "Say Goodbye"—peaked within the top twenty at the same chart.

2007–08: Exclusive

2009–10: Graffiti and mixtapes

In 2008, Brown began work on his-then upcoming third studio album. According to him, he would experiment a different musical direction for his new album—titled Graffiti—while hoping to emulate singers Prince and Michael Jackson. He stated, "I wanted to change it up and really be different. Like my style nowadays, I don't try to be typical urban. I want to be like how Prince, Michael and Stevie Wonder were. They can cross over to any genre of music." The album's lead single "I Can Transform Ya" was released on September 29, 2009. The song peaked at number 20 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, and number 11 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. "Crawl" was released as the album's second single on November 23, 2009. The song reached number 53 on the Billboard Hot 100. Graffiti was then released on December 8, 2009. The album debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 102,000 copies in its first week, but received generally negative reviews from critics. As of March 23, 2011, it has sold 341,000 copies in the United States.

2011–12: F.A.M.E. and Fortune

2013–14: X

On August 9, 2013 at 1:09 AM PDT, Brown was reported to have suffered a seizure from Record Plant Studios in Hollywood, California as a 9-1-1 call was made. When paramedics arrived, Brown allegedly refused to receive treatment and also refused to be transported to the local hospital. Brown has reportedly suffered from seizures in his childhood. The next day, Brown's representative reported the seizure was caused by "intense fatigue and extreme emotional stress, both due to the continued onslaught of unfounded legal matters and the nonstop negativity." On November 20, 2013, Brown was sentenced to an anger management rehabilitation center for three months, putting the December 2013 release of X in jeopardy. To "hold [fans] over until [the X album] drops," Brown released a mixtape, titled X Files on November 19, 2013. On February 22, 2014, it was announced that the album would be released on Brown's birthday, May 5, 2014. On April 14, 2014, Brown released a teaser of new track "Don't Be Gone Too Long" featuring Ariana Grande, however, on October 27, 2013, Brown was arrested for felony assault in Washington, D.C., the fight allegedly started when two women wanted to take a picture with Brown in front of the W Hotel, and the song and album were again delayed due to Brown's prison sentence. On August 3, 2014, Chris announced via Instagram that the album's release date will be on September 16, 2014. On August 6, 2014, the album cover was revealed. The title track "X" was released as an instant-gratification track alongside the album pre-order on iTunes on August 25, 2014.

2015–present: Fan of a Fan: The Album,Royalty and Heartbreak on a Full Moon

In spring of 2015, Brown was featured on DJ Deorro's song "Five Hours".

On May 1, 2016, Brown announced that his next album title would be, Heartbreak on a Full Moon. The first song in promotion of the album, "Grass Ain't Greener" was released on May 5, 2016. In May 2016, Brown became the face of sneaker and streetwear retailer Snipes' spring/summer 2016 campaign.

On December 16, 2016, Brown released the lead single from his upcoming eight studio album, "Party" featuring Gucci Mane and Usher.

Artistry

Musical style and influences

Chris Brown has cited a number of artists as his inspiration, predominantly Michael Jackson. Brown emphasizes "Michael Jackson is the reason why I do music and why I am an entertainer." In "Fine China", he exemplifies Jackson’s influence both musically and visually as Ebony magazine’s Britini Danielle asserted that the song was "reminiscent of Michael Jackson’s Off the Wall". Choreographically, MTV noticed that it "takes distinct visual cues from classic clips like 'Smooth Criminal' and 'Beat It'", while Billboard complimented his appearance by calling it "a modern way to channel the King of Pop". Usher is also another influence who comes across as a more contemporary figure for Brown. He tells Vibe magazine "He was the one who the youngsters looked up to. I know that we, in the dancing and singing world, looked up to him", and maintains "If it wasn't for Usher, then Chris Brown couldn't exist". Other influences include Marvin Gaye, New Edition and R. Kelly.

Music critics have commended Brown’s introduction to R&B, recognizing his modern day adaptations as well as versatility. Vibe’s Iyana Robertson says "As traditional R&B flourished around him, the young singer began an evolution of the genre". She saw his debut single "Run It!" as a "prelude to what Brown would continue to do for the next decade: relentlessly disrupt the constructs of rhythm and blues." By his sophomore album Exclusive, she says he was "tapping more Electric up-tempos, swimming deep in Hip-hop waters and annihilating the Pop arena". Describing the Grammy Award winning F.A.M.E. as "his most diverse offering to date", she remarked "There was no level of musical flexibility comparable. There still isn’t."

Voice

Brown possesses a light Lyric tenor vocal style. His vocal ability was first recognized by his mother at a young age, as Brown tells People magazine "I was 11 and watching Usher perform 'My Way', and I started trying to mimic it. My mom was like, 'You can sing?' And I was like, 'Well, yeah, Mama.'" subsequently leading to the start of his career. "Take You Down" most notably earned him a Grammy award nomination for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2009.

Personal life

Domestic violence case

At around 12:30 a.m. (PST) on February 8, 2009, Brown and his then-girlfriend, recording artist Rihanna, had an argument which escalated into physical violence, leaving Rihanna with visible facial injuries which required hospitalization. Brown turned himself in to the Los Angeles Police Department's Wilshire station at 6:30 p.m. (PST) and was booked under suspicion of making criminal threats. The police report did not name the female in the incident as is policy, but media sources soon revealed that the victim was Rihanna. Following Brown's arrest, several commercial ads featuring him were suspended, his music was withdrawn from multiple radio stations, and he withdrew from public appearances, including one at the 2009 Grammy Awards, where he was replaced by Justin Timberlake and Al Green. Brown hired a crisis management team and released a statement saying, "Words cannot begin to express how sorry and saddened I am over what transpired."

On March 5, 2009, Brown was charged with felony assault and making criminal threats. He was arraigned on April 6, 2009, and pleaded not guilty to one count of assault and one count of making criminal threats. On June 22, 2009, Brown pleaded guilty to a felony and accepted a plea deal of community labor, five years' formal probation, and domestic violence counseling. Several organizations against domestic violence criticized the plea deal, advocating the punishment was not severe enough for the crime; the level of Brown's influence over youth also came under scrutiny. On July 20, 2009, Brown released a two-minute video on his official YouTube page apologizing to fans and Rihanna for the assault, expressing the incident as his "deepest regret" and saying that he has repeatedly apologized to Rihanna and "accepts full responsibility". In the video, Brown said he wanted to speak out earlier about the case but was advised by his attorney not to until the legal ramifications were settled. The video was removed, but is still available online. On August 25, Brown was sentenced to five years of probation, one year of domestic violence counseling, and six months of community service; the judge retained a five-year restraining order on Brown, which requires him to remain 50 yards away from Rihanna, 10 yards at public events. According to Andy Kellman of Allmusic, "A fairly substantial backlash resulted in Brown's songs being pulled from rotation on several radio stations. Ultimately, however, it had little bearing on the progress of his music and acting careers."

On September 2, 2009, Brown spoke about the domestic violence case in a pre-recorded Larry King Live interview, his first public interview about the matter. He was accompanied to the interview by his mother, Joyce Hawkins, and attorney Mark Geragos, as he discussed growing up in a household with his mother being repeatedly assaulted by his stepfather. Brown said of hearing details of his assault of Rihanna, "I'm in shock, because, first of all, that's not who I am as a person, and that's not who I promise I want to be." Brown's mother said Brown "has never, ever been a violent person, ever" and that she does not believe in the cycle of violence. Brown said that it is "tough" for him to look at the famous photograph released of Rihanna's battered face, which may be the one image to haunt and define him forever, and that he still loved her. "I'm pretty sure we can always be friends," said Brown, "and I don't know about our relationship, but I just know definitely that we ended as friends." He stated he did not feel that his career was over, and described his relationship with Rihanna as having been like Romeo and Juliet, blaming the media attention in the aftermath of the assault for driving them apart. When asked if he had any memory of assaulting Rihanna, he said that he did not, but realized that it occurred, and was sorry for his actions. However, following criticism of saying he did not remember, he later said in a statement, "Of course I remember what happened. Several times during the interview, my mother said that I came to her right afterwards and told her everything." Brown said despite this, "[that night] was and still is a blur".

On March 22, 2011, after his first performance of "Yeah 3x" and a contentious interview with Robin Roberts on Good Morning America at the Times Square Studios where he was asked about the Rihanna situation and restraining order, Brown allegedly became violent in his dressing room during a commercial break before his second performance ending that day's program, and threw an object at a window overlooking Times Square, causing damage to the window. Brown then took off his shirt and after several angry confrontations with the segment producer, other show staff and building security, left the building shirtless. Following the incident, Brown left a message on Twitter saying, "I'm so over people bring this past s**t up!! Yet we praise Charlie Sheen and other celebs for there bullshit [sic]." The comment was deleted moments later.

In September 2012, Brown received criticism for a new neck tattoo that appeared to be the face of a battered woman, prompting allegations that the tattoo was a depiction of Rihanna. Brown's publicist stated that the tattoo does not depict a battered woman and is instead a design derived from a Day of the Dead sugar skull.

On March 20, 2015, Brown's probation was ended formally closing the felony case emanating from the Rihanna assault which happened over six years prior.

Relationships

Though they became friends in 2005, Brown's romantic relationship with Rihanna reportedly began in 2008, and ended for the first time with the aforementioned domestic violence case in 2009. Shortly after his relationship with Rihanna ended, Brown briefly dated Girlicious member Natalie Mejia. In 2011, he began dating aspiring model Karrueche Tran. However, throughout 2012 there was persistent media speculation that Brown was rekindling his relationship with Rihanna, though he remained involved with Tran and under probation in the Rihanna domestic violence case. In October 2012, Brown announced that he had ended his relationship with Tran because he didn't "want to see her hurt over my friendship with Rihanna." The day after the announcement, Brown released a video entitled "The Real Chris Brown", which features images of himself, Tran, and Rihanna, as Brown wonders, "Is there such thing as loving two people? I don't know if it's possible, but I feel like that."

In January 2013, Rihanna confirmed that she and Brown had resumed their romantic relationship, stating, "When you add up the pieces from the outside, it's not the cutest puzzle in the world. You see us walking somewhere, driving somewhere, in the studio, in the club, and you think you know. But it's different now. We don't have those types of arguments anymore. We talk about shit. We value each other. We know exactly what we have now, and we don't want to lose that." Speaking of Brown, Rihanna also said, "He's not the monster everybody thinks. He's a good person. He has a fantastic heart. He's giving and loving. And he's fun to be around. That's what I love about him – he always makes me laugh. All I want to do is laugh, really – and I do that with him." However, she also declared that she would walk away if Brown showed a hint of his past violent behavior towards her again. In a May 2013 interview, Brown stated that he and Rihanna had broken up again.

In March 2015, news broke that Brown was father to a baby girl named Royalty, which he confirmed on Instagram in April.

In May 2016, Brown won joint custody of his daughter Royalty. A judge denied Nia Guzman's request to impede Brown's custody of 1-year old daughter Royalty.

In February 2017, Karrueche Tran filed a restraining order against Brown, claiming he threatened to kill her. He denied these allegations, but previously admitted to stalking.

Religion

When discussing his upbringing, Brown stated: "We were used to two pairs of shoes for a school year. We used to go to church every day. I was one of those kids that had more church clothes than school clothes." He has also discussed his second work of grace, saying that "he experienced the holy ghost while performing 'His Eye Is on the Sparrow' in church". After being released from jail on June 2, 2014, Brown wrote that he was "Humbled and Blessed" and tweeted the words "Thank you GOD."

Other legal issues, rehab and jail

On June 14, 2012, Drake and his entourage were involved in a scuffle with Brown at a nightclub called WIP in the SoHo neighborhood of New York City. About eight people were injured during the brawl, including San Antonio Spurs star Tony Parker, who had to have surgery to remove a piece of glass from his eye, and a tourist from Australia who suffered injuries to her face and head and received sixteen stitches as a result. Drake was not arrested. A few weeks later, Brown made a diss record about Drake. He also posted a picture of himself with a gashed chin on Instagram. Brown's attorney claimed Drake was the instigator. On July 16, 2014, Brown and Drake appeared together in a skit produced for the nationally televised ESPY Awards. The skit seemingly mocks their past feud as Drake is on an operating table readying for surgery, the camera then reveals the surgeon to be Brown, with surgical tools, ready to operate. Both men had rehearsed the skit together prior to the televised airing of the ESPY Awards; the live audience roared with laughter.

In January 2013, Brown was involved in an altercation with Frank Ocean over a parking space, outside a recording studio in West Hollywood. Police officers in Los Angeles said that Brown was under investigation, describing the incident as "battery" due to Brown allegedly punching Ocean. Ocean said he would not press charges, despite his claim that Brown had threatened to shoot him and that one of Brown's entourage had called him a "faggot".

In January 2013, press reports indicated that there were irregularities in the record submitted to the court concerning Brown's community service. He seems to have been credited with community service work when he was actually out of the United States. In July 2013, Brown's probation was revoked after he was involved in an alleged hit-and-run in Los Angeles. He was released from court and was scheduled to re-appear in August 2013, to learn whether or not he would serve time in prison. The charges would later be dropped, but Brown would have 1,000 additional hours of community service added to his probation terms.

On October 27, 2013, Brown was arrested for felony assault in Washington, D.C. The fight allegedly started when two women wanted to take a picture with Brown in front of the W Hotel. Two men saw Brown and attempted to join them in the photo. Brown then allegedly said, "I’m not into this gay shit, I’m into boxing," and he and his bodyguard threw punches at one of the men. The victim claimed he was injured and that Brown had broken his nose. Initial police reports stated that Brown's bodyguard threw the first punch, but later reports stated that it was Brown's punch that broke the victim's nose. The following day, the charge was reduced to a misdemeanor. After the assault, Brown spent 36 hours in a Washington jail and was taken to court in shackles. Brown was then released and ordered to report to his California probation officer within 48 hours. The probation officer will prepare a report for the Los Angeles judge, who could order him to complete as many as four years in prison for the beating of Rihanna if he is found in violation of his probation. On October 30, 2013, Brown voluntarily decided to enter rehab, Brown's representative said in a statement: "Chris has elected to enter a rehab facility, his goal is to gain focus and insight into his past and recent behavior, enabling him to continue the pursuit of his life and his career from a healthier vantage point". Brown was expected to stay in the facility for 3 months. On November 14, 2013, however, Brown was kicked out of the facility for "breaking program rules by acting violently". On November 20, 2013, at a probation status hearing, Brown was sentenced to 90 days at an anger management rehab facility. He must also submit to drug testing and take any prescriptions recommended by the facility. In December 2013, at another hearing, Brown's probation in the Rihanna assault case was revoked; The judge felt that the criminal complaint in D.C. is enough proof that Brown did not obey all laws; However, the judge did not immediately remand Brown into custody due to his impressive progress at the anger management facility. On February 20, 2014, Chris Brown was sued over the alleged homophobic beatdown.

After Brown completed his 90 days, the judge ordered him to remain a resident at the Malibu treatment facility until a hearing on April 23, 2014. The deal was if Brown left rehab, he would go directly to jail. On March 14, 2014, Brown was kicked out of the rehab facility and sent to jail for violating internal rules. He was expected to be released on April 23, 2014 but Superior Court Judge Victor Greenberg denied his release request from custody either on bail or his own recognizance. At his May 9, 2014 court date, Brown was ordered to serve 131 days in jail for his probation violation. He was sentenced to serve 365 days in custody, however he was given credit for the 234 days he has already spent in rehab and jail.

Brown was given early release from jail just after midnight on June 2, 2014, because of jail overcrowding calculations that count one day in custody as two days, according to the Los Angeles Times, which further wrote, "Brown isn't totally free yet though. He's still on probation, obviously, and has to see a psychiatrist twice a week, complete his remaining community service, take his prescribed medications and stay off marijuana, including for medical use."

He confirmed on February 25, 2015 that he was rejected entry to Canada and would be cancelling the part of his tour there due to criminal history.

Brown is currently banned from entering Australia and the United Kingdom. In 2016, Brown had a mentally ill stalker invade his house in Agoura Hills. Another stalker named Danielle Patti claimed she was Brown's ex-girlfriend; Brown filed a restraining order against her.

In the early hours of August 30, 2016, a woman called 911 to report that Brown had threatened her with a gun inside his house. Police were called, but Brown denied them entry without a warrant. When they returned with one, Brown refused them entry and began what news sources referred to as a "standoff" with the LAPD, including the robbery-homicide division and SWAT team. During this time, Brown was seen posting videos on Instagram, in which he rails against the police and the media coverage of the activity at his house. He denounced media reports that he was "barricaded" inside his house, complained about the helicopters flying overhead, and called the police "idiots" and "the worst gang in the world." He said that he was "innocent" and he says in one of the videos "What I do care about is you are defacing my name and my character and integrity". Brown was arrested and later released from jail on $250,000 bail. On September 1, 2016, Brown's lawyer Mark Geragos stated the LAPD search on the incident found no "firearms nor the crucial piece of jewelry described in the accuser's report."

Business ventures

Brown has stated he owns fourteen Burger King restaurants.

Discography

Studio albums

Chris Brown (2005)

Exclusive (2007)

Graffiti (2009)

F.A.M.E. (2011)

Fortune (2012)

X (2014)

Royalty (2015)

Heartbreak on a Full Moon (2017)

Collaboration albums

Fan of a Fan: The Album (with Tyga) (2015)

Wikipedia

#Chris Brown #05-05

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