#Budget of Nepal 2018

[tasin-newaz]

Policy Brief

April 2022

What will this nation do after being educated in this way? Reform the traditional education system of schools in Bangladesh

Overview 

Though Bangladesh has made notable progress in the education sector, the quality of the primary education in Bangladesh remains low. Besides all the short term effects this low rate of education has some long term effects also. Complex platform systems, lack of physical education, absence of real life and job related activities, absence of extracurricular activities and lack of soft skills in the primary and secondary schools in Bangladesh are the main problems in this traditional schooling system in Bangladesh. These problems emerge because of the minimum allocation of the national budget for education and the lack of skilled teachers in the schools (Islam, 2019). An article published in the Dhaka Tribune shows that the allocation of the national budget for education is lower than the required rate by UNESCO.   

These basic problems of the national traditional schooling system have long term effects along with short term effects. Some of the short term effects are the shortage of enough knowledge in the young generation, absence of norms and moral values, absence of career oriented learning that actually create the unemployment problems which is the long term effect. So to solve these kinds of long term bad effects we need to solve the basic problems with the education system. For that, to reform the traditional education system of schools in Bangladesh is necessary. 

Drawing on data from some secondary sources, this policy talked about the basic problems with the traditional primary school system in Bangladesh and its short and long term effects. It concludes with recommendations to accelerate progress to address the problems and the recommendations to solve the problems with the traditional primary school education system.

Methodology 

This brief draws on secondary method data collection. There is a collection of information from some articles published in some renowned newspapers like the business standard, some research by the world bank, some research by some famous authors and some steps taken by the governments of the neighboring countries. This policy included the initiatives taken by the neighboring countries of Bangladesh to address the problem which Bangladesh is suffering for.  This publication clearly shows the problems with our present national primary education system and the short and long term effects of this system. See  figure 01, which focuses on Govt. expenditure by the neighboring countries for education. It compares other countries with Bangladesh. Figure 02 focuses on the trained teachers in the primary education sector of the neighboring countries of Bangladesh. Finally, this policy came up with some policies to solve the problems and work for the betterment of education.

Scope and scale of the challenge:  key findings

Lack of national budget for education: Though education is the backbone of a nation, Bangladesh still does not allocate the percentage of the total budget that is needed for the improvement of the education sector. This is because since independence, Bangladesh has been facing economic and political instability. In Bangladesh about 44.7% of the total population is estimated to live below poverty (visitant, 2015).  The current allocation of the national budget for primary education is less than the required amount by any kind of standard. An article published in the Business Standards is clearly blaming the poor spending for the low quality of education in Bangladesh (Islam, 2019). It has been clear by a survey conducted by the World Bank that the allocation of total GDP for the education sector by Bangladesh is the lowest than any other neighboring country. This survey found that the allocation percentage for education by Nepal is 4.4% (2018), by Bhutan is 6.85% (2018), by India is 3.45% (2016), by Sri Lanka is 2.14% (2018). Where this rate for Bangladesh is only  1.33% (2019). (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2021).  Again the majority of this amount is used by the higher education institution. An article published in the Dhaka Tribune is saying that the primary education sector gets only TK26, 314 crore that is well below what is required (Abdullah & Shovon, 2021). So here it is clear that Bangladesh has the lowest allocation rate of total GDP for primary education on average than most of the neighboring countries. To begin with, for this minimum amount of allocation, the primary sector has to face some major problems like this sector can not use sufficient money for the training for teachers, research and the modernization of the teaching environment. There is a huge lack in the number of classrooms, hygienic toilets. Majority of the schools don't have pure drinking water facilities. Primary students do not get opportunities to use modern equipment for details and further learning.  Because of the lower amount of investment for primary education in Bangladesh, it gained 0.48 points which is lower than Sri Lanka. To make the primary education system better all the neighboring countries of  Bangladesh are spending a standard amount of money from the national budget. Exactly this is why they are going forward day by day. Bangladesh also could apply this policy. 

Figure 1: Govt. expenditure by the neighboring countries for education

Source: The world Bank

Complex educational system:

The overall educational system of a country is very much dependent on the educational structure. A simple educational system helps a government to run the process very simply and clearly. Also it requires less cost. But from the very beginning the educational system of Bangladesh is very complex. A research by Dr. Moniruzzaman clearly shows the complexity of the present educational  system in Bangladesh. According to this research, primary school education can be categorized into 04 forms. They are Govt. primary schools, private schools, madrasas and non formal schools. These schools follow a very complex educational supply process and curriculum. The curriculums are Bangla medium, English medium, Cadet curriculum and the madrasa curriculum (Moniruzzaman, 2019). Also it includes non formal education curriculums. These complex platforms require  more management that actually creates hassles. Again for this reason we are losing intelligence. When a brilliant student is studying in the madrasa curriculum, we can not use his intelligence in engineering or any other  path. So here the one way educational curriculum is necessary. Though in Asian region the one way educational curriculum is still rare, it can be found in Finland which is in Europe. It is found that Finland is following the one way curriculum from the beginning and their literacy rate is 99.5% which is very high compared to the countries of Asia which are following a very complex educational system (hechinger report 2010). But currently Pakistan, which is an Asian country, is trying to start the one way education system in the primary level and they found huge benefits in it (Azam, 2022). So, finally it can be seen that for the complex primary educational structure, we are losing the intelligence from some sectors that are actually creating unemployment in the long run.  

Poor number of trained teachers in primary education sector hampers the education quality:

Teachers help a nation to acquire knowledge and to prosper. The teachers of the primary education sector do the elementary work of developing a nation. But a matter of great sorrow is that in Bangladesh the number of trained teachers in the primary education sector is very low than any other neighboring countries of Bangladesh. Several surveys and researches are showing this clearly.  A report by the World Bank is showing that where countries like India has 77.74%, Nepal has 97.27%, Bhutan has 100% (2018) , Sri Lanka has 83.32% of trained teachers (2020) in the primary education sector, as per 2017 the amount  for Bangladesh is only  50.43% (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2021). which is the lowest amount among all the neighboring countries. That means half of the teachers of our primary education sector do not know how to deliver modern education or are not suitable with the technology based education system. 

Sometimes it can be seen that teachers are totally dependent on guide books to solve new math problems or sudden faced problems. Most of the teachers are not ready yet to cope up with the creative  curriculum that has been introduced in 2009 (Azad, 2016). For this reason often students do not get the opportunity to get enough basic knowledge of Math or English that basically hampers the basic knowledge of a primary student. An article published in the Business Standard is saying that from a survey by the World Bank it is found that 57% of Bangladeshi children at the late primary age are not fluent in reading. (Islam, 2022). This is one of the main causes why the quality of primary education in Bangladesh remains low. An article published in the Dhaka Tribune says that, ``In a country where a GPA 5 holder in SSC examination says the capital of Nepal is Neptune, it is only natural that Bangladesh ranks last in South Asia on the Global knowledge index”. By this way this nation is lagging behind day by day due to the poor amount of trained teachers.

Figure 2: Trained teachers in primary education section sector of the neighboring countries of Bangladesh

Source: The world Bank

Policy and programming implications

The findings of this policy highlight the urgent need for policy and programming that enhance the quality of the primary education in Bangladesh. Key priorities include the following:

1. Increase the allocation amount of national budget for the education sector:

As the allocation of the national budget is the very first stage to develop the national education system, it is vital to increase the investment of the national budget for the primary education sector of Bangladesh. Also some articles published in the newspapers written by some renowned researchers are suggesting to enhance the national budget for primary education. An article published in the Business Standard is saying that the national budget for education should be at least 3% of the GDP which is currently 1.33% only (TBS Report, 2022). So enhancing the national budget for the education sector could be the very 1st step to take for the improvement of the Bangladeshi primary education sector. 

2. Education structure should be one way:

Sometimes the success of education depends on the structure of the system of knowledge supply. To be more successful, the structure requires to be more straight and clean. This is why some European countries like Finland have been following a one way curriculum from the beginning. And they are more successful. But the educational structure of Bangladesh is complex from the very beginning. Understanding the bad effect of a complex educational structure, some of the Asian countries like Pakistan are moving forward to establish a one way educational structure. Pakistan already has proposed an one-way education supply structure (Azam, 2022). As the one way national educational curriculum is more effective and one of neighboring countries of Bangladesh is moving forward to that, it can be an effective step to follow for Bangladesh as well to be more successful. 

3. Increasing the number of trained teacher in the primary education sector:

To find out the main problems behind the lack of knowledge among the primary school students, it has been found that 50% of the primary school teachers are not well trained and cannot cope up with the new and creative curriculum. And also they are well trained for subjects like English and Math. For this reason the primary school teachers who do the primary work for the development of the nation should be well trained and should be able to solve creative problems. So to make them trained, Bangladesh should organize several training sessions for the teachers, and the recruitment of the primary school teachers should be more  transparent and straightforward.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

References

Abdullah, M., & Shovon, F. R. (2021, June 03). Experts for proper planning as education budget up. Dhaka tribune. https://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/education/2021/06/03/experts-for-proper-planning-as-education-budget-up

Azad, S. I. (2016, May 12). Problems of primary and secondary education in Bangladesh. EDITORIAL. https://m.theindependentbd.com/arcprint/details/43527/2016-05-12

Azam, M. (2022, January 23). Single National Curriculum (SNC) in Pakistan. Iqbal Institute of Policy Studies. https://iips.com.pk/single-national-curriculum-snc-in-pakistan/

AZAM, M. (2022, January 23). SINGLE NATIONAL CURRICULUM (SNC) IN PAKISTAN. IQBAL INSTITUTE of POLICY STUDIES. https://iips.com.pk/single-national-curriculum-snc-in-pakistan/

Islam, J. (2019, November 22). Low quality primary education results from poor spending. The Business Standard. https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/education/poor-quality-primary-education-results-thrifty-spending

Islam, J. (2022, April 25). Low quality primary education results from poor spending. The Business Standard. https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/education/poor-quality-primary-education-results-thrifty-spending

Moniruzzaman, D. (2019). PROBLEMS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN BANGLADESH: A PRAGMATIC STUDY. http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/PROBLEMS_OF_PRIMARY_EDUCATION_IN_BANGLADESH__A_PRAGMATIC_STUDY_ijariie9476.pdf

TBS Report. (2022, April 26). Experts for raising education budget to minimum 3% of GDP. The Business Standard. https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/education/experts-raising-education-budget-minimum-3-gdp-82816

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2021, September). Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) - Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal. The World Bank. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=BT-IN-LK-BD-NP&most_recent_value_desc=false

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2021, September). Trained teachers in primary education (% of total teachers) - Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka. The World Bank. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.TCAQ.ZS?locations=BD-IN-NP-BT-LK

visitant. (2015, April 26). Challenges for Education in Bangladesh. CULTURA CRÍTICA. https://www.culturacritica.cc/2015/04/challenges-for-education-in-bangladesh/?lang=en

[deocreations-blog]

Highlights of Budget Of Nepal 2075-2076 (2018-2019)

[newstfionline]

Headlines

The American Dream has headed north (CNN) Individuals born into poorer families have a better chance of owning a home, getting a good education and experiencing a better life than their parents if they are born in Canada than if they are born in the United States. In other words, Canadians have a better shot at the American Dream than Americans do. That’s according to the World Economic Forum’s Global Social Mobility Index, which ranks 82 countries on their citizens’ ability to fulfill their potential regardless of their socio-economic background.

Trump touts U.S. economy, dismisses climate ‘prophets of doom’ (Reuters) U.S. President Donald Trump touted the success of the U.S. economy in Davos on Tuesday, dismissing “perennial prophets of doom” on climate change to an audience that included Greta Thunberg.

Pro-gun rally by thousands in Virginia ends peacefully (AP) Tens of thousands of gun-rights activists from around the country rallied peacefully at the Virginia Capitol on Monday to protest plans by the state’s Democratic leadership to pass gun-control legislation--a move that has become a key flash point in the national debate over gun violence. The size of the crowd and the expected participation of white supremacists and fringe militia groups raised fears that the state could see a repeat of the violence that exploded in 2017 in Charlottesville. But the rally concluded uneventfully around noon, and the mood was largely festive, with rally-goers chanting “USA!” and waving signs denouncing Democratic Gov. Ralph Northam.

Murders in Mexico hit record as Lopez Obrador seeks justice system reform (Reuters) Mexico suffered its worst year for homicides in 2019, with a record 34,582 victims, official data showed on Monday, underscoring the challenge President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador faces while waging war on drug cartels. Lopez Obrador assumed the presidency in December 2018 pledging to pacify the country with a less confrontational approach to security, but violence has continued rising, with the number of homicide victims 2.5% higher in 2019 than a year earlier, according to the security ministry data.

Norway’s government (Foreign Policy) Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg’s ruling coalition fell apart on Monday, after a right-wing party withdrew in response to a controversial decision to repatriate a suspected member of the Islamic State and her children from Syria so that one could receive urgent medical treatment. The political crisis could have ramifications for other European governments already wary of repatriating ex-ISIS fighters.

Seven still missing after Himalayan avalanche (Foreign Policy) Seven hikers and guides are still missing in Nepal after an avalanche hit a trail around Annapurna, the world’s 10th highest mountain, last Friday. Officials have already rescued 200 people, but the search for the missing was called off on Monday amid worsening weather conditions. Last year, Nepal faced a deadly climbing season on Mount Everest, leading to criticism that it had issued too many permits.

Bangladesh says island is ready for refugees (Foreign Policy) Last year, Bangladesh announced plans to move thousands of Myanmar’s Rohingya refugees from camps in Cox’s Bazar to an island in the Bay of Bengal, Bhasan Char. Now the government says that the island, which floods regularly during monsoon season, is ready to welcome around 100,000 people--with newly built houses, hospitals, mosques, and flood protection. (Foreign media have not been allowed to visit the island.)

Hong Kong on High Alert to Tackle Coronavirus Outbreak (Reuters) Hong Kong’s government is on high alert to deal with a new flu-like coronavirus that has killed nine people in mainland China, the city’s commerce secretary, Edward Yau, said on Wednesday.

Thai officials resume peace dialogue with main southern insurgents (Reuters) A senior Thai official met an envoy of the main insurgent group fighting in the country’s largely Muslim south in what both sides described as a positive step toward a peace process, the Thai government said on Tuesday.

Australia’s bush fires take their toll (Foreign Policy) As fire conditions in Australia are expected to worsen again this week, the government announced Monday that it would increase emergency funding for small businesses affected by the country’s blazes. The cost of the fires means the government may not deliver on a promised budget surplus. Australia’s tourism and insurance industries have already reported they are likely to take a hit.

Lebanon forms government with backing of Hezbollah and allies (Reuters) Lebanon formed a new government on Tuesday under Prime Minister Hassan Diab after the Shi’ite group Hezbollah and its allies agreed on a cabinet that must urgently address the economic crisis and ensuing protests that toppled its predecessor.

Saudi-Led Coalition Resumes Airstrikes Near Yemeni Capital (AP) The Saudi-led military coalition fighting in Yemen stepped up its bombing campaign Tuesday, launching airstrikes near the rebel-held capital in clashes that killed at least 35 people, Yemeni security officials said.

Militants Kill 36 People in Northern Burkina Faso (AP) Militants attacked a market in Burkina Faso’s Sanmatenga province, killing at least 36 people and wounding several others, the government said Tuesday.

[nepaltrekkingroutestrek]

Top 9 Things To Know Before Trekking Manaslu

Manaslu is located on the west of Nepal's Gorkha region. It is the highest peak in the reason with a height 8,163m over sea level so this is not a small mountain in Nepal. Manaslu is a lot closer to the Tibetan side, so the culture you will see right here is more Tibetan. Up to this day, it continues to be a remote and also virgin path, less jam-packed than any other Trekking in Nepal. It is likewise among the least explored routes in Nepal because of the unique trekking permit imposed by the government. That alone suffices to poke the interest of any person seeking an off-the-beaten hiking experience in Nepal.

1. A picturesque trail in Nepal. Manaslu circuit is probably one of the most picturesque treks in Nepal. It is bordered by snowcap peaks looming at above 8,000 m. Not to mention the above 5,000 m pass going across! Really few places on this planet have these mixes!

2. Off-The-Beaten-Path Manaslu region is the only a remote and also off-the-beaten-path contrasted to the various other widely known teahouse hikes in Nepal and it is the closest from the capital city of Nepal Kathmandu in terms of distance. Manaslu trip gained popularity after the teahouses were built here in 2010. Before that, you had to camp.

3. Much less Tourist It is much less crowded compared to the other preferred routes in Nepal. A bit less than 8,000 travelers check out Manaslu yearly unlike Everest Base Camp trek which has more than 30,000 visitors each year.

4. Budget plan trek Manaslu Trek is fairly less costly than Everest Base Camp. Manaslu Trekkers do not have to invest greater than $320 alone on a flight ticket, unlike EBC trip you have no choice but to pay the expensive flight ticket. Manaslu Trek price comes in the economic plan because of it being connected via land and regional bus service is just USD 8-10 each to reach the trailhead.

5. Cultural Path The route is so abundant in culture. The Tibetan origin Nepalese reside in the area called Tsum Valley. They practice their own old form of dialect, art, culture, and religion.

6. Best Side Trip Manaslu trek supplies a lot of extra side-trips than any other base camps. You can invest more than 3 weeks and venture right into various places such as Tsum Valley, Manaslu Base Camp, PungeenGomba, Kal Lake, Tibetian border, Birendralake, etc.

7. Circuit Trails A significant highlight of this path is, it complies with a circuit trail… so unlike various other base camps, on a daily basis is a brand-new rout as you make a loop in this trek.

8. Safe for Hikers Manaslu Trek starts from the altitude of 710m to the high pass of 5,150 m. It takes at least 9-10 days to get to the highest point. That makes Manaslu generally risk-free in terms of the acute mountain sickness. So you could say Manaslu Trek difficulty is relatively modest compared to any other treks in Nepal. There is a reduced chance of acute mountain sickness as a result of the long days of reaching high altitude.

9. Trek To The Base Of Killer Mountain As of 2018, the mountain has been successfully climbed 240 and there have been 52 casualties, making it the 4th most hazardous 8000m mountain, behind Annapurna, Nanga Parbat, and K2.

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[amirsethi-blog]

Trips of a Lifetime

Cruise Western Africa in Senegal and the Gambia

Tour the lesser-known part of the African continent with Peregrine’s eight-day Cruising the Rivers of West Africa tour. You’ll see wildlife like dolphins, crocodiles, manatees, and more while aboard the company’s small cruise ship. Then you’ll head inland for a visit to The Gambia National Park to see chimpanzees and make a humbling stop at the island of Kunteh Kinteh, where the American slave trade began. lead with reason A new airport in Dakar makes travel even more accessible this year.

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Witness the Great Elephant Migration

For another amazing wildlife experience, book Wilderness Travel’s new trip, The Great Elephant Migration. This 11-day tour takes you through Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Victoria Falls. It’s timed with the elephant migration (July and August departures only) that takes place in Hwange National Park. You’ll also have the opportunity to find leopards, lions, spotted hyenas, jackals, giraffes, buffalo, antelope, and sable, and even participate in night drives for some nocturnal animal sightings. Accommodations include luxurious camps like Camp Kuzuma and Zambezi Sands.

Asia

Be a Nomad in Mongolia

Experience nomadic life in Mongolia on G Adventures’ 10-day tour through the northern part of the country. You’ll ride horseback through the countryside and stay overnight in a homestay at a nomadic camp where you get to sleep in a ger(similar to a yurt). Visit Mongolia now while it’s still a relatively untouched tourist destination; the government recently said it wants to increase tourist visits to 1 million per year in 2020.

Trek the Hidden Himalayas

Head to Dolpo, a part of the Himalayas that’s only accessible by foot. Wilderness Travel’s 13-day trek takes you to the untouched trails and villages of this part of Nepal as you see how ancient Tibetans lived (this part of the region is culturally Tibetan). Highlights include Phoksundo Lake, Kathmandu’s temples, and of course plenty of mani (prayer) walls and chortens (shrines).

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View Japan in a Different Light

Many visitors flock to Japan’s tourist hot spots in spring (to see cherry blossoms) or fall (to enjoy the vivid foliage), and with the country drawing increased attention thanks to the upcoming 2020 Olympics, these times of year are even more crowded. Instead, opt for something different and take a tour of Japan in winter with Topdeck’s seven-day Japan Winter tour. You’ll get the chance to ski at the country’s famed resorts, visit a historical theme park, enjoy sulfuric hot springs, and take a city tour of less-touristy Sapporo.

Central America

See a Different Side of Mexico Than You Did on Spring Break

Mexico’s heartlands are literally the heart and soul of authentic Mexican culture. While the coastal beaches are breathtaking, opt for a more immersive experience on Intrepid’s 15-day tour throughout central Mexico. You’ll visit a pueblo magico, explore the trendy city of San Miguel de Allende, taste tequila in Guadalajara, take a walking tour of Mexico City, and see the Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacan up close.

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North Africa/Middle East

Explore Undiscovered Oman

SmarterTravel named Oman an emerging destination two years ago, and the country is starting to see more visitors for its blend of culture, beaches, and natural landscapes. G Adventures offers an eight-day tour that takes you through highlights like the Wadi Kakar (Oman’s version of the Grand Canyon), desert camping in the Wahiba Sands, a visit to a turtle reserve, and a tour of the capital, Muscat.

Oceania

Discover Australia Without Going to Sydney

While Sydney is an amazing part of Australia, there’s so much more to the country than just its East Coast. G Adventures’ affordable North to South trip includes the unspoiled national parks in the Northern Territory and makes overnight stops in the Outback at Alice Springs and Uluru before heading down to South Australia’s urban hot spot, Adelaide. Most of the accommodations on this budget-conscious trip are basic, but they include experiences like camping in the Outback and sleeping underground in an opal-mining town.

Europe

Eat (and Hike) Your Way Through Italy’s Boot

If you’re an Anthony Bourdain fan, you may remember the season 10 finale that aired in late 2017, Southern Italy: The Heel of the Boot, which has inspired travelers to get off the beaten path in Italy ever since. Wilderness Travel’s new tour this year, Hiking Puglia and Calabria, visit some of the same mystical towns Bourdain did in what’s sure to be the next popular tourist spot in Italy. Activities range from culinary experiences like wine and olive oil tastings to excursions like cliffside hiking and cave exploring. You’ll also see two UNESCO World Heritage sites: the cave dwellings of Matera (also a European Capital of Culture this year) and the famed Trulli houses in Alberobello.

Float Down the Danube on a Reinvented River Cruise

A river cruise is one of the best ways to see Europe, and U by Uniworld is shaking things up for the industry. With ships and itineraries designed for the “young at heart,” this isn’t your grandparents’ river cruise. My pick for 2019 is the Danube Flow cruise, which covers three countries in eight days: Germany, Austria, and Hungary. There are also departure dates with special itineraries that overlap with Oktoberfest, Sziget Festival, and the holiday Christmas markets and New Year’s Eve celebrations.

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The 10 Best Solo Vacations for 2019

Walk England Coast to Coast

Sleep in cozy countryside inns while you cross England by walking 192 miles over nine days. REI Adventures’ England Coast to Coast Hiking trip takes you through three national parks: Lake District, Yorkshire Dales, and North York Moors, where you’ll see grazing sheep, storybook villages, and stunning landscapes. Along the way, you rest at local pubs and teahouses, and the tour includes stops at the home of William Wordsworth, Richmond Castle, Easby Abbey, and more.

Bike the Causeway Coast

The adventurous and active can take a weeklong, self-guided tour through Northern Ireland. Viator’s Causeway Coast Cycle Self-Guided tour is ideal for travelers who want to go at it alone but need some help planning. The itinerary starts with a city cycle tour in Belfast, where you’ll explore iconic sights. You then bike along the coastline with stops in villages and castles to rest and sleep at small inns. The tour includes a ferry ride to Rathlin Island, Giant’s Causeway, Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge, Bushmills Whiskey Distillery, an optional trip to the Dark Hedges, and return transportation to Dublin.

Explore Portuguese and Spanish Islands You’ve Never Heard Of

Portugal was 2018’s hottest destination, and tourism growth shows no signs of slowing down in 2019. Avoid the overcrowded spots with a 15-day cruise throughout the Portuguese and Spanish islands. Hurtigruten’s Atlantic Exploration itinerary is new this year and covers the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands. The journey begins and ends in Lisbon, so you’ll have plenty of time to explore the capital. Stops include three areas of the volcanic archipelago—the Green Island (Sao Miguel), the Blue Island (Ilha Azul or Faial), and the Purple Island (Angra), as well the islands of Porto Santo and Madeira of Portugal, and two islands in the Canaries: Santa Cruz de Tenerife and the less-visited San Sebastian de la Gomera.

North America

Visit a Rainforest in Canada

Home to fjords, rare wildlife, and, yes, a rainforest, is Canada’s British Columbia province. Maple Leaf Adventures’ Great Bear Rainforest trips are sailing-based and include tons of wildlife excursions with opportunities to see grizzly bears, spirit bears, black bears, baleen whales, orcas, gray wolves, and bald eagles. The itinerary also includes cultural experiences with First Nation villages, a trip to hot springs, and kayaking.

RELATED:

Canada Forever: The Ultimate Canada Holiday for Every Month

Go on a Snow-for Adventure

If you’re into snow sports, then this trip should be on your bucket list. Topdeck’s 10-day Great White North tour takes you to Whistler, Big White, and the Big Three ski resorts in Banff.  You’ll also experience some of Canada’s epic drives and sights, like the Sea to Sky Highway, Fraser Valley, the Coquihalla Pass, Kicking Horse Pass, and the Continental Divide.    

South America

Tour Chilean Wine Country

Chile is a hot destination in 2019 with Patagonia’s popularity and the 2019 solar eclipse, but you should visit this destination for another reason: the Casablanca Valley. The area is known for its Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Pinot Noir, but has distinct microclimates that growers are learning more about to produce other varieties, like Malbec and Merlot. This trip of a lifetime is just 90 minutes from Santiago by car. Use Upscale travel to plan your perfect trip through the region; activities can include cycling, a helicopter ride, dining with winemakers, and more.

RELATED:

5 Secret Wine Regions You’ve Probably Never Heard Of

Backpack Through Bolivia

Bolivia’s salt flats are otherworldly, and the country as a whole is on its way to becoming the next South American hot spot. Contiki’s 13-day Bella Bolivia tour covers tons of ground, starting in La Paz, the capital, and ending in Chile’s Santiago—the first nine days are spent in Bolivia with an included flight to Santiago on day 11. You’ll truly see it all: the cathedrals of La Paz, the Witches’ Market, the white stone buildings in Sucre, Salar de Uyuni (salt flats), Avaroa National Reserve, the Salvador Dali desert, and plenty more to make this trip of life worthwhile.

Go to the Remote Falkland Islands

Getting to these remote and almost-polar islands isn’t easy—or cheap—but this year marks the first new flight route to the U.K. territory since the late ‘90s. Though no date has been set, the flights will go from Argentina to the islands with LATAM Airlines. Intrepid is offering a new-to-2019 tour for eight days, Falkland Island Expedition: Past & Present, which will take you to beaches, nature reserves, and the battlegrounds from the war of 1982. And don’t forget about the wildlife; a king, Magellanic, and gentoo penguins all call this place home.

Polar

Spend a Night on a Glacier in the Arctic Fjords

If Norway’s Arctic fjords are on your bucket list, take your vacation to the next level with a trip to Svalbard. Off the Map Travel’s summer trip to the archipelago includes dog sledding, kayaking, a glacier climb, and the once-in-a-lifetime chance to sleep on a glacier at the Nordenskiold Lodge. Note that you won’t see the northern lights this time of year, but rather experience the “land of the midnight sun,” which also happens to give you the best chance to see polar bears. If you’re looking for a northern lights experience, the tour company has a four-day All Day Aurora tour to the same region.

[allnepaltreksworld]

Shamanism Tour in Nepal. Natural Healing Bonbo ( English called Bon ) on August 26 2018. Do you wanna practice Healing with Bonbo ? Let me know because Ancient period in TIBET before buddha Bonbo practicing Buddhism. So, interesting people welcome. they can explain about your past present and future. Mim Das Tamang http://www.amazingauthentictreks.com/nepal/trekking-agency-in-nepal/timal-amazing-trekking/nepal-shamanism-treks-tour.php #bon #shamanism #shaman #healing #healingcrystals #peru #bonbo #visitnepal2018 #vny2020 #VNY2020 #visitnepalyear2020 #shamanism #shaman#everesthomestay #budget #trekkers_nepal #amazingauthentictreks #trekkingguide #trekkingmap (at Everest Home Stay Apartment.)

[numberonepeacetragedy]

Narrowbody Aircraft MRO Market to Demonstrate a Strong Growth Over 2027 – MRFR

Narrowbody Aircraft MRO Market – Overview

The global narrowbody aircraft MRO market is growing with the rapid pace. According to a recent study report published by the Market Research Future, The global narrowbody aircraft MRO market will grow at a rapid pace over the forecast period. The market is forecasted to witness slow but steady growth by 2021, which will be a surplus growth at a moderate CAGR during the projected period (2017 -2021).  

Many new narrowbody aircraft MRO centres have been set up in numerous countries in recent years. This increases the participation of manufacturers in the field of narrowbody aircraft MRO service. Moreover, the growing demand for narrowbody aircraft MRO equipment’s that satisfy the demand for aircraft fleet expansion. The expansion of aircraft fleet is estimated to rise in aircraft MRO expenses and as well as it is expected to add to the growth of the market. However, the high cost of repair and replacement, retrofit of older aircraft with upgraded systems, and environmental hazards acts as a barrier to the growth of narrowbody aircraft MRO market.

The growing demand for the low-cost aircraft directly has an impact on the market. Moreover, the factor responsible for the growth of narrowbody aircraft MRO market increased procurement of narrowbody aircraft, outsourcing of MRO activities, and usage of 3D manufacturing in aircraft components. This is the primary factor that drives the growth of the narrowbody aircraft MRO market and has gained prevalence in the recent times, with the usage of best in class technologies in aircraft. Narrowbody aircraft has a lesser capacity than the wide-body aircraft, they are larger in number. These planes generally fly over short routes, and are, thus suited to cater to budget travellers. Thus, the growth of the narrowbody aircraft MRO market is expected to go hand in hand with the growth of low-cost carriers in the aircraft industry.

The expansion of the military aircraft fleets, which has resulted in the development of a set of narrowbody aircraft MRO market. The increased focus of manufacturers on narrowbody aircraft MRO will lead to an increase in the use of military aircraft, due to which there will be growth in narrowbody aircraft MRO market. The expansion of the existing military aircraft fleets along with the launch of new airlines would result in increased narrowbody aircraft MRO the forthcoming years. Hence, it is expected that the rapid fleet expansion would eventually drive the narrowbody aircraft MRO market. Moreover, the popularity of radio-frequency identification (RFID) and integration of portable devices for an effective turnaround, will drive the growth of narrowbody aircraft MRO market during the forecast period.

Access Report Details @ 

https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/narrowbody-aircraft-mro-market-1664

Industry/ Innovation/ Related News:

November, 2014 – Air works India has formed a joint-venture with Nepal-based Yasaka Investment that will provide aviation maintenance services to international airlines.

March, 2018 - Lufthansa Technik AG have signed a Total Component Maintenance contract for Jet Airways' narrowbody fleet of 80 Boeing 737NG, with single components repaired in a closed-loop and flat rate-based process.

Narrowbody Aircraft MRO Market – Segmentation

The global narrowbody aircraft MRO market is segmented in to 3 key dynamics for the convenience of the report and enhanced understanding;

Segmentation by MRO Type           : Comprises Airframes and Modification, Components, Engine and Line Maintenance

Segmentation by Platform                : Comprises Military and Commercial

Segmentation by Regions                 : Comprises Geographical regions - North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa and South America.

Key Players:

GE Aviation, Honeywell Aerospace, Lufthansa Technik, Pratt & Whitney, Rolls-Royce, Air Works, Jet Maintenance Solutions, GMF AeroAsia and Singapore Technologies Aerospace and others are some of the prominent players profiled in MRFR Analysis and are at the forefront of competition in the global narrowbody aircraft MRO market.

Narrowbody Aircraft MRO Market: Regional Analysis

North America region market is dominating the market of narrowbody aircraft MRO market due to growth in air traffic in the international long-haul routes. The market in the developed countries is largely driven by fleet size expansion which helps in growth of narrowbody aircraft MRO market.

European region is referred to as the second-largest narrowbody aircraft MRO’s market due to factors such as presence of major MRO service providers have fuelled the demand for narrowbody aircraft MRO market.

Request a Sample Report @

https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/1664

NOTE: Our Team of Researchers are Studying Covid19 and its Impact on Various Industry Verticals and wherever required we will be considering Covid19 Footprints for Better Analysis of Market and Industries. Cordially get in Touch for More Details.

[khalilhumam]

Donor Financing for Gender Equality: Spending with Confusing Receipts

New Post has been published on http://khalilhumam.com/donor-financing-for-gender-equality-spending-with-confusing-receipts/

Donor Financing for Gender Equality: Spending with Confusing Receipts

As the COVID-19 pandemic and global recession exacerbate resource constraints with outsized consequences for women and girls, there is an increased need for clear and consistent data on the extent to which bilateral and multilateral donors are prioritizing gender equality in their financing, and to what end. Without accurate data on the funding of and results from gender equality projects, we cannot hold donor institutions accountable for their gender equality commitments, nor ensure that funds spent are meeting populations’ needs. Preliminary findings from the Gender Financing Project, a joint initiative by Friends of Publish What You Fund and Publish What You Fund, with advisory support from experts at CGD, UN Women, FEMNET, and elsewhere, shed light on how donors are spending on global gender equality—and what we still don’t know based on available data. The Gender Financing Project has analyzed the 45 highest disbursed gender equality projects by major donors in 2018 in three countries: Kenya, Nepal, and Guatemala. Its starting point is the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Development Assistant Committee (OECD-DAC) Creditor Reporting System (CRS) data and its gender equality marker. The CRS is a comprehensive and authoritative database that provides consistent and coherent information about aid spending by DAC donors, and spending voluntarily reported by non-DAC donors. The project also looks across other datasets, including those housed by IATI (the International Aid Transparency Initiative), which is intended to be used by all organizations in development and complements financial flow data by including data on project results and the ability to attach project documents. Finally, it looks at countries’ national aid information management systems (AIMS) and donors’ own project databases.

1. Do the numbers add up?

Most platforms allow donor agencies to report on their disbursements, commitments, or general budgets for their gender equality projects. This is often done on a yearly basis, although in the case of IATI best practice is on a monthly basis. This allows donors to indicate what they expected to invest into projects versus their actual investments in specific years. We can use this reported information across different platforms to answer the following question: Does existing data provide us with a clear, consistent picture of donor agencies’ spending towards gender equality projects? An initial look suggest that the answer varies by donor. Some donors only report to the OECD CRS, making cross-referencing impossible. Where donors do report across multiple platforms, some report consistently, whereas for others, the more data you see on a given gender project, the blurrier the picture becomes. In one—and by no means the only—example, DFID (now part of the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ) reports for the same gender equality project in 2018 to have spent $6.3 million to the OECD, $5.4 million to IATI, $7 million to its own project database the Development Tracker, and $9.52 million to the Nepalese AIMS system called AMIS. Such conflicting information can at best create confusion, and at worst lead to ineffective decision-making around gender equality programs by other donors, organizations, and partner governments. The number of projects donors fund in these countries can also vary across platforms. This is because donors either do not use the same gender labels for their projects across platforms, or because they apply labels differently depending on the platform. Take for example the number of gender equality projects reported by the top five donors of gender equality funding in Kenya in 2018 across two major data platforms:

https://public.flourish.studio/resources/embed.js

In this example, USAID and the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) report gender equality projects to both systems, but do not apply the gender equality marker policy tag on IATI, making it impossible to use the filter to find their gender projects there. For the other three top major donors that apply the gender equality marker tag to their projects on both platforms, the difference between reported gender equality projects at the time of research was 41 (DFID), 67 (BMZ), and 151 projects (SIDA). Such reporting makes it difficult to pinpoint the exact number of gender equality projects by donors, and prevents interested stakeholders from understanding how many gender equality initiatives and investments have been present in specific countries, and how these projects and investments fit within wider development agendas. Overall, this weakens informed decision-making, planning, and accountability.

2. What sectors do gender equality donors focus on?

Many platforms allow donors to apply sector classifications to indicate in which sectors their projects are investing. A commonly used sector classification list is the OECD’s five-digit “purpose codes,” available here. The first three digits of a purpose code refer to a wider sector category, such as Basic Education (112) or Agriculture (311), and the last two digits indicate a more narrow subsector, such as Early childhood education (11240) or Agricultural policy and administrative management (31110). Some AIMS systems require donor agencies to apply a partner government’s own sector codes. We can therefore ask: Does existing data provide us with a clear understanding of which sectors donors are prioritizing for their gender-focused aid? Donors are generally consistent in indicating the sectors their gender equality projects fall into, even across different platforms. But if we look at multiple donors’ investments in a given country, it is unclear whether donors have any kind of coordinated or joint strategy in developing their sectoral priorities. Take the following snapshot of gender equality aid going to Nepal:

https://public.flourish.studio/resources/embed.js

The top five gender equality donors have a total of ten priority sectors in Nepal, which may suggest that donors have coordinated to prioritize complementary investment areas, but it may also reflect a lack of cohesive sectoral strategy across donors. The only sectors that appear across donor priorities are “Transport & storage” (ADB and DFID) and “Government & civil society – general” (World Bank, DFID, and JICA). Current data also does not explain why these sectors are priority areas for donors’ gender equality spending. The data therefore raises new questions: Do donors direct gender equality funding to sectors that serve their own strategic political purposes—or do they identify the catalytic sectors for promoting gender equality in partner countries and then direct their funding accordingly? And to what extent are top donors coordinating to complement each other’s sectoral priorities for gender equality? To answer these questions, the Gender Financing Project is now conducting key informant interviews with relevant stakeholders in Nepal, Kenya, and Guatemala to better understand donors’ priority sectors and how their investments further gender equality. We will also analyze partner governments’ gender and sectoral strategy documents to assess how well donors’ funding is aligned with partner governments’ priorities.

3. What are gender equality projects achieving?

For gender equality advocates, policymakers, donors, and practitioners, the most important question should be: Are these investments producing positive results?  Some platforms, including the OECD CRS, do not enable donors to indicate their gender equality projects’ expected or final results. They lack results fields, or their format does not allow donors to attach results frameworks or evaluations, two common ways for donors to document their project results. This means that these data platforms are simply not designed to track gender equality projects’ impact. Looking at databases that do allow donors to submit such results data, the Gender Financing Project’s preliminary findings underscore an issue highlighted in Publish What You Fund’s 2020 Aid Transparency Index: a lack of performance-related data is a persistent issue among many donors. From the project’s preliminary assessment of 45 major gender equality projects across Kenya, Nepal, and Guatemala in 2018, comparing IATI, Nepal’s AMIS, and Kenya’s E-ProMIS, and several donors’ own databases, donors only published expected or achieved results for 14 projects. Two outliers here are the Asian Development Bank and Global Affairs Canada, which reported results for all of their assessed gender projects. While the samples of 15 projects for each country only represented at most 2 percent of gender equality projects reported to the OECD in these countries, their disbursements made up almost a fifth of the total gender equality aid received in Kenya, almost half in Nepal, and over a quarter in Guatemala. So, donors are making significant gender investments with these projects, but tracking their results is a real challenge.

Gender equality data and accountability

Transparent and accurate information on donors’ gender equality financing data matters. It allows donors to coordinate resources and avoid duplication, fill funding gaps, and align priorities. It also enables donors—and other stakeholders—to justify and to learn from their investments, thereby strengthening their accountability. The preliminary findings of the Gender Financing Project suggest that existing data varies widely in availability and quality, making it difficult to offer conclusive insights into donors’ gender equality spending, priorities, and impact. The variability among donors’ reporting on their gender equality investments raise important questions: Why do some donors report to many platforms while others do not? What drives inconsistencies in some donors’ reporting and enables consistent reporting in others’? Which factors influence donors’ sector priorities for gender equality? And finally, how do we move from a focus on financing flows to concentrate on how donor investments demonstrate impact in narrowing gender gaps? The Gender Financing Project’s deep-dive into quantitative data will be paired with in-depth discussions with donors and partner governments, as well as with implementing organizations and academia, to see how we can better understand and hold donors accountable to their gender equality commitments. Going forward, we are interested in evaluating the complementarity of the different databases and determining if and how these should be harmonized. Ultimately, the project will provide specific recommendations for better publication and sharing of data so that it is more timely, consistent, and useable for all interested parties. The visuals in this blog were created with Flourish.

[acharya123himal]

Budget-friendly Samsung Galaxy J2 2018

Budget-friendly Samsung Galaxy J2 2018

[ad_1]

Samsung seems to have a one-month record for smartphones in Nepal. The Samsung Galaxy J Prime launched in March and the Samsung Galaxy J7 Duo in April. Now, the much awaited update of the popular Samsung Galaxy J2 at Rs.

As of 2011, the phone still looks like the Galaxy J2, you know, but it hasn’t improved much cosmetically. Inside, though, there are some improvements that are ready to…

[yourteaminindia]

Hourly Rate Comparison of Software Engineers across the Globe

Offshore software development has gained an exponential boom over a couple of years.

This is the reason, many offshore companies have flourished across the globe and most promise the best service at a genuine price.

By hiring developers from overseas, tech companies are preferring to build offshore development centers.

Well, why not when offshoring has become such a successful model today.

Collaborating with a development team from another geographical location helps in conceptualizing the product, refining the business model, and assisting in defining strategic goals in the best possible way.

When you start working with the top software development company, you get plenty of benefits. This is because they know how to develop a product in its entirety, starting from ideation to post-release maintenance.

Reasons to Outsource

Organizations prefer to hire offshore developers as they are specialists in their respective fields. In addition to this here are the below-mentioned benefits that play an important role.

a) Cost-effectiveness

Firstly, it is important to know about cost-effectiveness.

The hourly developer rate of an overseas engineer depends on the nation’s market and currency. Developers from different countries with lower GDP and unstable currencies, charge comparatively less, than others.

b) Rich Skills

Secondly, an outsourcing firm allows business owners to work with middle and senior developers. They are rich when it comes to skillset.

An additional perspective: Organizations get an impartial and talented partner that knows how to identify potential issues, develop a creative business model, create a strategy, and implement it successfully.

c) 24-hour Development Cycle

Additionally, the time difference in companies allow you to be present always. When the in-house team is done with its development tasks, the software outsourcing firm steps in. The company keeps working continuously and this is good for the project.

d) Focusing on Strategic Goals

Fourthly, companies know how to redirect the efforts of the in-house employees and make sure they focus on the core and priority tasks.

Now, let’s compare the developer’s rate as per continent

Software Development Hourly Rates Globally

Let’s explore the top outsourcing destination and compare the price of developers,time differences, and skills. We will be reviewing Asia, Europe, Latin America, and Africa.

Overview of Hourly Rates

Destination

Outsourcing Rates

Countries Included

Eastern Europe$25-$50Ukraine, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria

Latin America$30-$50Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Columbia, Peru

Africa$20-$40Morocco, Kenya, Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa

Asia$18-$40India, China, Philippines

a) Asia

A pioneering software outsourcing destination, Asia boasts the biggest number of software developers i.e. 10 million.

The hourly rates of the continent are shaped by various aspects and differ a lot from country to country.

Hiring an offshore developer from Asian countries is the most budget-friendly option. The rates start from $18 for a junior engineer and increase up to $40.

India, the Philippines, and China are the three major countries offering custom software engineering services.

Other countries include Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia that are gaining ground while offering software development services.

Asian countries and rate of offshore developers

1) India

The entrepreneurs who wish to execute their ideas by developing quality products or services, consider Indian developers.

India is a country that leads to other countries when it comes to outsourcing destinations in Asia.

It is also considered as the top digital nation in the Tholons Services Globalization Index 2019. In 2016, India was nominated as the second country across the globe with the highest numbers of STEM graduates (2.6 million).

Here are the reasons why the country is one of the most preferred outsourcing choices:

As per A.T Kearney Global Service Location Index 2019, India tops the list of the most attractive outsourcing destinations.

The country has 100 million English-speaking people in the world. And by the end of this year, there will be more than 2 billion English speakers in the country.

Approximately 1.5 million engineering graduates pass out of colleges every year.

More than 200,000 IT graduates are annually added to the IT industries in India. The country has the youngest employable population globally.

In the upcoming years, 40% of professions will train themselves according to the latest technology to meet the advanced industry requirements. Offshore Developers Hourly Rate by Country in Asia in 2020.

The blend of technological infrastructure, talented professionals, less hourly rates, and emerging engineers make Indian offshore developers worth considering.

2) China

China is also another preferred country where mobile app developers or web developers are hired. Chinese developers are the first across all HackerRank challenges.

This is because the Chinese government supports the tech sector by giving them economic incentives.

Today, there are more than 50 science and technology industry parks across the country.

The Philippines is another country that has the fastest growing IT industry with more than 200 offshore companies and 95000 technical positions.

Despite this, Philippines ranks 5th among the top 50 digital nations in the Tholons Services Globalization Index 2019 with Manila being the second super city.

The 2020 offshore developer hire rates in other Asian countries are:

Bangladesh: $25

Malaysia: $30

Nepal: $25

Philippines: $25

Sri Lanka: $25

(b) Europe

The hourly rate of the developers in Europe varies from country to country. For example, Ukraine developers charge less than Poland engineers. But on average, junior developers cost $25 per hour and $50 for seniors.

The best countries of Europe to hire software developers are:

Ukraine

Belarus

Russia

Poland

Czech Republic

Romania

Hungary

Estonia

Slovakia

Bulgaria

Latvia

1) Ukraine

Ukraine is located in the center of Europe and has been constantly attracting foreign investors since the late 1990s and early 2000s.

That was the time when the first software outsourcing companies started appearing in the country.

Ukraine is one of the best offshore development providers as its education system churning out plenty of IT professionals yearly. The country is a hub for a technological start-up

Here are a few facts regarding the IT industry in the country:

As per the State Statistics Service of Ukraine in 2019., the IT service exports in the country rose by 15%. Today, it makes up 16% of the export of various services which in the total brought the country $15.23 billion.

In the HackerRank test results, Ukrainian developers are 11th in the world in terms of tech skills.

Till 2019, there were approximately 160000 IT professionals in Ukraine employed at nearly 4000 IT companies.

The IT industry of Ukraine grows by about 26% annually.

The average hourly rate for software developer services in Ukraine is $26.

Ukraine’s tech industry is one of the most rapidly growing industries with $4.5B in investments in 2018.

Well, by the end of 2020, Ukrainian tech professionals are estimated to touch 200k.

The hourly rates vary from $25 to $50 per hour and the time zone is the same as most western European countries.

Hourly Rates Comparison of European Countries Developers

 Poland: $40 – $56

 Ukraine: $26 – $43

 Romania:  $26 – $45

 Czech Republic:  $34 – $53  

 Hungary:  $39 – $52

 Bulgaria:  $34 – $51

Europe is a good place that gives you the opportunity to hire dedicated offshore developers at cost-effective rates.

In addition, the region is popular for its qualified IT professionals and the rapid growth of the industry resulted in 1 million software developers in the continent. As a result, his makes it a lucrative software development outsourcing destination.

c) Latin America

Countries: Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica

Latin America IT companies have startups and medium businesses. According to Accelerance, about 90% of tech firms are located in Colombia and Mexico.

Let’s explore the hourly rates country by country:

1) Argentina

European trends have a strong influence on Argentina’s IT market. Argentina has always economically and culturally connected to Europe. Well, it has the most expensive IT development teams in the region. Meanwhile, this because the developers have rich experience in working with western countries.

2) Colombia

The country has over 13000 engineers every year and the majority go to the offshore companies. Nevertheless, companies are CMMI certified benefitting from American influence.

3) Brazil

Brazil is one of the leading software developments in outsourcing countries. Rio de Janeiro is a global IT center and the city has 8/10 top technology universities producing 14 thousand alumni each year. Decidedly, many US companies prefer recruiting Brazilian talents.

Costs of outsourcing development in Latin America

Junior Developer: $25-$34 dollars

Mid-level Developer: $30-$52 dollars

Senior Developer: $45-$55

(c) Africa

Africa’s IT industry is still in its emerging phase but has started to depict rapid growth. It has now started to attract clients from across the globe. It has been predicted that the young population has a lot of potentials.

North African countries like Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia have quickly become recommended countries having talented offshore developers. Thanks to the small-time zone difference with New York and compatibility with Europe. Besides, Morocco and Tunisia attract clients from France as the language is the same. Companies hire software engineers from North Africa as they have expertise in Python, Ruby, and SQL.

South Africa is the preferred choice due to its high proficiency in languages like English, German, and Dutch. Also, they have already been featured in the Tholons Digital Nations and Super Cities rankings. The top developers are skilled in C++, PHP, and SQL.

East African Kenya has the highest number of developers. Likewise, the capital Nairobi is the place where the city’s infrastructure encourages technical innovation among startups. The development team is well-versed in Java, SQL, and mobile development.

Offshore Software Development Rates by Country in Africa in 2020

The hourly rates of African developers are: The recent data shows that the software engineer hourly rate in African countries are:

Egypt: $20

Kenya: $20

Morocco: $20

Nigeria: $40

South Africa: $40

What Affects the Rates of Offshore Developers?

a) Location

More than 45% of companies in the US and Western Europe face this challenging situation where they are unable to find and hire talented programmers. This was revealed by the 2018   Manpower group survey.

Due to this shortage of developers, when companies finally find the developers and are willing to bring them on board, developers command a high salary.

Hiring developers in Eastern Europe and Asia offers an economical option. The talent pool coupled with a lower cost of living in these areas can be hired at a budget-friendly rate.

b) Technology Stack

The modern technology stack is very complex and it is not taught in formal education.

Dedicated developers who are skilled in multiple complementary disciples will always command higher salaries, relative to the location

Furthermore, the price depends on skills, portfolio, and technology availability. The rarer the tech stack, the more expensive it is.

Certainly, let’s understand this with the help of an example. Hiring front-end developers for iOS app development will cost less than a developer who is an AI expert.

c) Engagement Model

Organizations can hire coders that work on the project remotely. Particularly, their cost depends on the different engagement models that they choose. The three models include:

Fixed engagement model

Time and Material engagement model

Dedicated developer engagement model

d) Experience Level

It is natural that the ones having more years of experience tend to demand more salaries. Developers lacking expertise but have still managed to deliver a string of successful projects and demonstrated their technical ability can also expect a high salary.

e) Project Requirements

Last but not the least, you know a project can either be very simple or a bit complex. The requirements vary from project to project. The project complexity impacts the hourly rates of the development team. If you want the project sooner, it is going to cost you more.

Key Takeaway

In conclusion, after deciding the country, the next step is to look for a reliable offshore development company that fits the project scope, deadlines, tech stack, and budget. Finally, get the best software development and mobile development services from professions that know how to analyze ideas, plan, implement, and fulfill all your business requirements.

This blog was originally posted on Your Team in India.

[solomonherald]

COVID-19 and China’s soft power ambitions

Anthea Mulakala

Hongbo Ji For many years, China has been a major contributor to global development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Much of this Chinese South-South Cooperation (SSC) has flown under the radar of Western media and traditional aid discourse. Chinese aid, including its humanitarian assistance, is political and a core element of the country’s foreign policy. In fact, much of Chinese assistance is not traditional aid, but a mix of aid, concessional loans, and other mechanisms to provide needed infrastructure and assistance to countries of interest to China. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and COVID-19 have brought Chinese SSC out of the shadows and into the spotlight, where it has been scrutinised, challenged, lauded, and even derided. The mixed response to China’s COVID-19 assistance has been useful to analyse. To some observers, this assistance is a needed and sought-after contribution to countries with few resources, weak health systems, and emergency situations. To others, primarily in the West, it is seen as China taking advantage of a tragedy of its own making to extend its soft power. COVID-19 has become a factor in the competition between the US and China over who is the better global citizen. Some commentaries have even interpreted China’s humanitarian response as an attempt to whitewash its internal missteps or “cover-ups” during the early days of the crisis by portraying itself as a country that is handling the crisis well at home while being an international benefactor abroad. China’s pandemic response provides new insights into the future of China’s SSC and its aspirations to play a leading role in shaping global governance. Quick and comprehensive response China seized an early opportunity to leverage its soft power through a comprehensive and well-targeted humanitarian response. The Chinese government describes its global response as “the most intensive and wide-ranging emergency humanitarian operation since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949.” Humanitarianism is embedded in Chinese culture and history. China’s global experience has included responses to some of the most dramatic domestic and international crises of the past decade, including the 2004 tsunami, the 2003 SARS epidemic, the 2015 Nepal earthquake, and the 2014 and 2018 Ebola outbreaks. These experiences readied China to be a first responder as COVID-19 gripped Italy. By March 31, the Chinese government had provided 120 countries and four international organisations with surgical masks, N95 respirators, protective suits, nucleic acid test kits, ventilators, and other assistance, including loans. At the subnational level, Chinese local governments sent medical items to their sister cities in more than 50 countries, and Chinese provinces dispatched medical teams to neighbours in need, including Guangxi to Cambodia, Yunnan to Laos and Myanmar, Xinjiang to Pakistan, and Fujian to the Philippines. China has used video conferencing to share experiences and provide expertise on testing methods, contact tracing, prevention and control measures, clinical treatment, and asymptomatic cases in partnership with the ASEAN Secretariat, The Arab League, and individual countries including India, Malaysia, and Russia. When the next global disaster strikes, China will have already demonstrated its agility and readiness to play a significant role in humanitarian efforts. Diverse partnerships Historically, Chinese SSC has emphasised government-to-government transactions, unlike traditional aid, which relies more significantly on civil society partners to deliver humanitarian assistance. Less by Chinese design than by urgent circumstance, COVID-19 has highlighted the diversity and potential of China’s cooperation channels. It cannot be denied that China has vast resources, and the large scale of its humanitarian assistance has proven to be a successful soft-power strategy, regardless of its skeptics and critics. Chinese customs statistics show that between April 1 and 12, China exported USD 2 billion in preventive and diagnostic medical materials. Additionally, Chinese companies, both state-owned and private, especially those specialising in medical supplies, financing, and logistics, have donated medical materials to over 100 countries and international organisations. Companies with overseas operations—e.g. China Communications Construction Company (Malaysia) and the Laos branch of Three Gorges China Hydropower—have provided medical supplies or virus-prevention materials for local populations. China’s tech sector (AI, 5G, big data) enabled quick hospital construction, rapid and widespread access to information and telemedicine, online education, and remote working, even internationally. Chinese private philanthropies have also been active. The Alibaba and Jack Ma Foundations donated medical supplies to almost 100 countries, shared diagnostic manuals in eight languages on the internet and social media, and launched an online, real-time exchange platform for frontline public health workers. Chinese civil society organisations have also ramped up their efforts. The China Red Cross Foundation is mobilising funding from the Chinese public and business enterprises to provide supplies and logistical support to Chinese medical teams.  The China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation, one of a few Chinese NGOs with offices in partner countries, is installing up to 180 handwashing stations in Nepal and working with local partners to provide sanitizers, handwashing facilities, and virus prevention training. Multilaterally, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), of which China is the largest shareholder, has created a US $5 billion crisis recovery fund to support countries and businesses during the pandemic. Following two recovery loans, to the cities of Beijing and Chongqing, the AIIB is now considering similar packages for Indonesia and India. China’s increased support to and collaboration with the World Health Organization, and China’s position as a major contributor to the UN’s general budget, has shrouded the UN agency in a cloud of suspicion and partisanship. Post-pandemic, China should continue to maximise the diversity of its cooperation channels and continue to collaborate with the private sector, philanthropies, multilateral agencies, and civil society actors in its SSC. The participation of China and other global powers will preserve their seats at the table of multilateral agencies and help to uphold the standards of shared responsibility, accountability, and transparency. Revitalising the Health Silk Road COVID-19 is already leaving its mark on the Belt and Road Initiative. Several projects are at a standstill, much of the Chinese workforce has been repatriated, and with economies spiraling downwards, partner countries will struggle to finance existing debt burdens. China, given its own economic slowdown, was already concerned about debt sustainability for some partner countries and maintaining the pace of BRI. But in hardship there is also opportunity, and China’s COVID-19 response has reinforced the BRI’s partnership network. For example, through the Health Silk Road initiative, China has extended COVID-19 assistance to 120 countries while enhancing its soft power diplomacy. COVID-19 represents a pivotal opportunity for China to shift gears and recalibrate BRI using lessons learned from its pandemic response. China can focus on local capacity building, rely more on local labour and resources, consider debt flexibility/forgiveness, increase knowledge sharing and learning around international safeguards and standards, and expand its BRI efforts to include connectivity, health, and disaster management. COVID-19 may usher in a new era of global governance, marked by shared responsibility for global public goods, multilateral action on the SDGs, and reciprocal partnerships. It could also see countries increasingly turn inward, building barriers rather than bridges to cooperation. Prior to the pandemic, China was already positioning itself to provide leadership on global issues. COVID-19 may have provided a new opportunity for China to realise these ambitions. At the same time, suspicions run high that China’s response is part of its grand strategy for global domination.  To counter these misgivings, China will need to demonstrate a commitment to multilateralism and transparency. If China continues to display solidarity with partner countries, pursue a collaborative approach with domestic and international stakeholders, and utilise its soft power to help steer the world out of this crisis, it may indeed find itself commanding the respect and influence that it desires. This article was originally published on the Devpolicy Blog (devpolicy.org).  It is part of the #COVID-19 and Asia series. Read the full article

[lifehimalayatrekking]

14 Days Everest Base Camp Trek Offer 2018

14 days Short trek to Everest base Camp

Spectacular views of world highest mountain Mt. Everest (8,848 m)

Exploring traditional mountains villages, culture of Sherpa and Buddhist people

Enjoy the adventure of world highest Sagarmatha National Park

Explore oldest Buddhist Tengboche monasteries.

360o panoramic views from Kalapatthar; highest point of the trek(5,550m)

To discover hidden strengths in yourself, Everest Base Camp Trek is a trip of lifetime experience with valuable movements for you. 14 Days Everest Base Camp Trek is an adventure trip of the lifetime. It is one of the most popular and demanding trekking destination by all the tourist all around the world. Everest Base Camp Trek is one of the most exciting, thrilling and challenging trek for all the adventure lovers which will lead you to world highest mountain Mt. Everest (8,848 m) beyond your eyes. Everest trek is located in the Khumbu region of Nepal where world famous Sherpa’s settle with their authentic lifestyle. Everest trekking is renowned for its spectacular snow-capped mountains like Mt. Everest, Lhoste, Nuptse, Pumori, Ama Dablam, Island peak, and majestic Khumbu glacier and mighty of peaks. During Everest Base Camp Trekking, you will get an ample opportunity to explore snow-capped mountains, unique landscape, flora and fauna, lifestyle of Mt. Everest climber’s, mountain villages, lush green forests, old Buddhist monasteries, and so on. The traditions, culture and hospitality of Sherpa people is also another most beautiful things that you can experience during trekking in Everest Region. Everest base camp is basically round year trip however, March-May and September-November is the best season to trek. Our journey started with the short and scenic flight to Lukla to enter the Everest trekking region. Then our trek to Everest base camp starts through the famous villages of Phakding, Namche Bazar, capital of Everest Region and Tengboche. Tengboche reflex the prominent Sherpa and Tibetan culture and also the oldest and largest Buddhist monasteries. Giving continuity our trek, we trek through Dengboche, Lobuche, Gorak Shep to our final destination Everest Base Camp (5,364 m). We also climb to the highest point of trek, Kala Patthar to explore 360 degree panoramic views of world highest mountains with a vibrant sunrise and sunsets. Then we descend to Pheriche, Namche, and end our trek at Lukla. Then we fly back to capital city Kathmandu and explore world heritage sites. Life Himalaya Trekking runs 14 days Everest Base Camp trek with proper accommodations, facilities and services as well safety under the supervisions of experienced guides and porters. We will be flexible as per your interest, want, time frames, and budget allowing full excitement in this magnificent adventure trip.

Outline Itinerary: Day 01: Arrival at Kathmandu and transfer to Hotel Day 02: Connect fly to Lukla (2,850 m) abt. 35 min & trek to Phakding (2,640 m). Trek hour:  4-5 hrs. Day 03: Trek from Phakding to Namche bazaar (3,440 m). Trek hour: 6-7 hrs. Day 04: Acclimatization at Namche Bazaar and excursion Day 05: Trek from Namche Bazar to Tengboche (3,870 m). Trek hour: 5-6 hrs. Day 06: Trek from Tengboche to Dingboche (4,410 m). Trek hour: 5-6 hrs. Day 07: Acclimatization day at Dingboche Day 08: Trek from Dingboche to Lobuche (4,940 m). Trek hour: 5-6 hrs. Day 09: Trek to Gorak Shep to Everest Base camp (5,364 m) & back to Gorak Shep. Trek hour: 6-7 hrs. Day 10: Trek to Kalapatthar (5,545 m). Trek to Pheriche (4,371 m). Trek hour: 6-7 hrs. Day 11: Trek from Phriche to Namche Bazaar (3,440 m). Day 12: Trek from Namche Bazaar to Lukla (2,850 m). Day 13: Fly from Lukla to Kathmandu (1,400 m). Fly hour: 35 min. And sightseen Day 14: Farewell and Departure.