#Bone marrow-derived

[sentientsky]

you're in a car with a beautiful (not-) boy and you don't know how you've managed to stay intact this long, how you haven't fractured at the edges yet, lit up from the inside with all that aching, cataclysmic want you've fought so hard to keep quiet—to keep from thrashing in your chest like a sparrow against glass.

you're in a car with a beautiful not-boy, and you're not human but if you were, you're certain this longing would have killed you by now, would have left you in the cool green earth—rotted you down to the quick—a thousand times over (and if that didn't kill you, then the look in his eyes now certainly would). and you don't, can't, won't believe in god because how could She create such a being and then not let you press your palms to the side of his face, not let you hold him, not let you open your mouth like a confession box and tell him, there is a bird inside my chest and you are the center of every solar system and i'm willing to play the part of icarus if only you'd let me. and you don't/can't/won't believe in god, but his eyes open and its like the sun in a three-piece beige suit and you're pretty sure you stopped breathing the moment he got in the car (hell, you haven't tasted oxygen since the moment he stood on the cliffside, hands all empty of swords and fire).

you're in a car with a beautiful not-boy, and you're all spitfire and grief and six thousand years of whispered half-syllables into the dark of a lonely night, of savouring the way his name burns your tongue like sacrament (holy, holy, holy).

and he's handing you a thermos now, and his hand brushes yours and it's been nearly thirty years, and still you'd let him turn you to salt if it meant he might touch you again.

... but you go too fast for him. you always go too fast, with all your ugly, hollow-boned want and your burning yellow eyes and your hands, sullied with the weight of sin; fingertips that look more like claws than anything you'd ever want to touch with any scrap of volition.

and you're in your car with this beautiful boy who is not a boy and you're burning up, plummeting like a waxen-winged thing. and he's looking at you and you're falling, and the world is twisting around the edges, and he's stepping out of the car and your ribcage is becoming a slaughterhouse—an abattoir with all its knives turned up towards the sky. and then you're in a car, and you’re alone. and that is all.

[rockymountainregenerative]

Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cell Therapy: A Breakthrough in Regenerative Medicine

Bone marrow derived stem cell therapy represents a promising frontier in the realm of regenerative medicine, offering potential cures and treatments for a variety of debilitating conditions. Stem cells, particularly those sourced from bone marrow, possess remarkable regenerative capabilities that can transform the landscape of modern medicine. This article explores the fundamentals, applications, and future prospects of bone marrow derived stem cell therapy.

Understanding Bone Marrow Stem Cells

Bone marrow is a spongy tissue found in the hollow interiors of bones, particularly in the hip and thigh bones. It is a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). HSCs are responsible for generating blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. MSCs, on the other hand, can differentiate into a variety of cell types such as bone, cartilage, and fat cells, making them invaluable for regenerative therapies.

Mechanism of Action

The therapeutic potential of bone marrow derived stem cells lies in their ability to repair and regenerate damaged tissues. When introduced into a patient’s body, these stem cells can migrate to the site of injury or disease, where they can differentiate into the required cell types and initiate the repair process. Additionally, these cells secrete various growth factors and cytokines that enhance tissue repair and modulate the immune response, creating a conducive environment for healing.

Applications in Medicine

Hematological Disorders: Bone marrow transplants, also known as hematopoietic stem cell transplants, have been a cornerstone treatment for conditions like leukemia, lymphoma, and aplastic anemia. By replacing diseased or damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells, patients can achieve remission and, in many cases, a cure.

Orthopedic Conditions: MSCs derived from bone marrow are being used to treat various orthopedic conditions such as osteoarthritis, bone fractures, and cartilage defects. These stem cells can differentiate into bone and cartilage cells, promoting the regeneration of damaged tissues and enhancing the healing process.

Cardiovascular Diseases: Research has shown that bone marrow derived stem cells can improve heart function and repair damaged heart tissue following a heart attack. These cells can potentially regenerate cardiac muscle cells and blood vessels, reducing scar tissue and improving overall heart health.

Neurological Disorders: Emerging studies suggest that bone marrow derived stem cells may offer therapeutic benefits for neurological conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. These cells can potentially replace lost neurons and support the regeneration of neural tissues.

Future Prospects and Challenges

While the potential of bone marrow derived stem cell therapy is immense, there are several challenges that need to be addressed. One of the primary concerns is ensuring the safety and efficacy of these treatments. The risk of immune rejection and the possibility of uncontrolled cell growth leading to tumors are significant hurdles that researchers are striving to overcome. Moreover, large-scale production and standardization of stem cell therapies pose logistical and regulatory challenges.

Nevertheless, advancements in genetic engineering and tissue engineering are paving the way for more effective and personalized stem cell therapies. The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the use of CRISPR technology for gene editing hold promise for creating patient-specific treatments with reduced risks of immune rejection.

For More Info:-

Stem Cell Therapy in Spinal Disorders

Ozone Therapy for Arthritis

[bishtmeenakshi]

3 Key Insights on US$ 15 Bn Opportunity in the Global Stem Cell Banking Market - Ken Research

Driven By the increasing prevalence of infectious diseases and rising individuals’ awareness regarding the therapeutic potentials of stem cells, the Global Stem Cell Banking Market is forecasted to Cross US$ 15 Bn by 2028 says Ken Research Study.

Stem Cell Banking is the collection and cryogenic storage of stem cells from a newborn infant's umbilical cord blood and tissue which can be further used in cell treatments or clinical trials. It has the potential to treat a wide range of diseases, as well as the ability to mortgage stem cells from multiple family members and use an individual’s own stem cells (autologous transplant). Furthermore, individuals with spinal cord injuries, type 1 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, burns, cancer, and osteoarthritis may also benefit from stem cell therapies.

“Ken Research shares 3 key insights on this high opportunity market from its latest research study”

Stem Cell Banking Market Continues to Grow Owing to The Growing Newborn Population Worldwide.

The Global Stem Cell Banking Market is expected to witness stable growth during the forecast period, owing to the increasing newborn population, and rising individuals’ awareness regarding the therapeutic potentials of stem cells. The global stem cell banking market was valued at ~US$ 4 billion in 2017, it is estimated to be ~US$ 7 billion in 2022 and is expected to reach a market size of ~US$ 15 billion by 2028 growing with a CAGR of ~12%.

North America is the dominating region in the Global Stem Cell Banking Market due to the increasing incidence rates of diseases, such as cancer, neurological disorders, and diabetes. Furthermore, the growing government initiatives and investments in stem cell therapies are contributing to the region's growth in stem cell banking.

To learn more about this report Download A Free Sample Report

The Rising Prevalence of fatal Chronic Diseases, Such as Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Immunological Disorders, and Other Rare Metabolic Diseases is Propelling the Market Growth of Stem Cell Banking.

The growing geriatric population worldwide, who are more exposed to chronic and infectious diseases, including immunological disorders is propelling the stem cell banking market. In addition, the increasing prevalence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, and nephrological diseases is widening the use of stem cells as a potential treatment option.

For instance, according to Scientific American, an American science magazine that covers science, health, and social justice issues, several autoimmune diseases affected nearly 4.5% of the world's population in 2021.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a United Nations agency responsible for global public health, nearly 18 million people die every year as a result of cardiovascular diseases.

Visit This Link: - Request For Custom Report

High Operational Cost Associated with Stem Cell Banking, along with the stringent regulatory Frameworks May Impede the Market Growth of Stem Cell Banking.

Stem cell therapies have grown in popularity in recent years as individuals seek out alternative treatments for a variety of chronic diseases. Every day, new types of therapies are introduced, and individuals from all over the world are turning to them in place of traditional drug treatments and hospital visits. Despite the significant increase in demand for stem cell therapies, they remain prohibitively expensive to pursue. Simple joint injections cost close to US$ 5000, and more advanced treatments cost up to US$ 100,000, depending on the condition.

Furthermore, the stem cell field remains highly specialized and has yet to be adopted by citizens or insurance companies. Additionally, the field is further limited by older laws in some countries, most notably the United States. That means that there are relatively few sources for stem cells, and labs equipped to perform stem cells.

Request Free 30 Minutes Analyst Call

Key Topics Covered in the Report

Snapshot of the Global Stem Cell Banking Market

Industry Value Chain and Ecosystem Analysis

Market size and Segmentation of the Global Stem Cell Banking Market

Historic Growth of the Overall Global Stem Cell Banking Market and Segments

Competition Scenario of the Market and Key Developments of Competitors

Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis of the Global Stem Cell Banking Industry

Overview, Product Offerings, and Strengths & Weaknesses of Key Competitors

Covid-19 Impact on the Overall Global Stem Cell Banking Market

Future Market Forecast and Growth Rates of the Total Global Stem Cell Banking Market and by Segments

Market Size of Source, Service Type, Application, Cell Type Segments with Historical CAGR and Future Forecasts

Analysis of the Global Stem Cell Banking Market

Major Production/Supply and Consumption/Demand Hubs within Each Region

Major Country-wise Historic and Future Market Growth Rates of the Total Market and Segments

Overview of Notable Emerging Competitor Companies within Each Region

Notable Key Players Mentioned in the Report

CBR Systems, Inc.

Cryo-Cell International, Inc.

ViaCord

Sartorius AG

StemCyte, Inc.

Smart Cells International Limited

Global Cord Blood Corporation

Vita 34

LifeCell International Pvt. Ltd

Cordlife Group Limited

Notable Emerging Companies Mentioned in the Report

CyroHoldco

Generate Life Sciences Inc.

Hope Biosciences

Cell Care

ReeLabs Pvt. Ltd.

BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Inc.

CellSave a CSG-BIO Company, Inc.

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

Key Target Audience – Organizations and Entities Who Can Benefit by Subscribing This Report

Stem Cell Banking Companies

Biopharmaceuticals Companies

Cord Blood Banks

Machinery and Equipment Suppliers for Stem Cell Banking

Cryogenic Healthcare Equipment Manufacturers

Biotechnology - Therapeutics and Diagnostics Companies

Pharmaceutical Companies

World Marrow Donor Association

Cord Blood Association

The International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI) – PubMed

Healthcare Research Institutes

Healthcare Technology Research Institutes

Healthcare Technology Regulatory Authorities

Government Ministries and Departments of Healthcare

Period Captured in the Report

Historical Period: 2017-2021

Forecast Period: 2022E-2028F

For more insights on the market intelligence, refer to the link below: -

Global Stem Cell Banking Market

Related Reports By Ken Research: -

Global Stem Cell Banking Market Outlook to 2028

[tourettesdog]

DPxDC Prompt:

Jason has had a repeating dream for years now. It started when he first crawled out of the Pit, when his mind slid back into proper place.

The dream is always a little different, but always too much the same.

A town he's never been to, far smaller than Gotham. The sky dark and studded with stars. A cold breeze that sends a shiver down his spine.

Green flickers haunt the corners of his vision. Shadows dance on the edges. Jason's never believed much in ghosts, but he doesn't know what else to call the shapes that solidify enough to show fangs and claws.

Jason's never had a more vivid dream. It almost feels real-- the chill of the wind, the crunch of gravel under his boots--

The ache in his legs when he wakes, as though he's spent all night walking.

It's a dream, Jason tells himself over and over. He never shares it-- never wants to know what meanings someone might derive from wandering an empty town alone, haunted by blots of Lazarus green.

It's a dream, Jason has told himself over and over again…

It's not a dream, he thinks, staring at the town just over the hill. There's a sign out front, one he's seen a few times but never been able to read.

Amity Park. A quaint name-- nothing quaint enough to warm the chill settling into the marrow of Jason's bones.

[juniebugs]

using marvel characters to explain adaptive immunity :)

i have an exam on monday and no sense of time management so i taught myself immunology using my special interest and thought i would share my notes incase some other lowly undergrad walks in my same shoes.

i know there is no demographic for this. but hopefully its a bit amusing lmao. also i realize the emojis r chatgpt esque but this is all from my own noggin i just think they're silly.

NOTE i explained innate immunity (kind of the precursor) using batfam characters (see here :) ) but there's a bit of overlap between the two systems so pls just roll with the crossover. for more info on general immunology stuff i have this !!!!

THIRD LAYER OF DEFENSE (ADAPTIVE / MARVEL)

Let’s first introduce B and T cells!!!!!!!!!!

Both have been derived in the red bone marrow (a primary location if you recall ;) ). B cells stay and grow up in the bone marrow, T cells need to grow up in the Thymus. In both locations they are learning how to do their jobs. Aka develop immunocompetence and self tolerance

😁B CELLS == LOCAL VIGILANTES / HEROES

These cell types learn the ropes in their home neighbourhoods.

💪T  CELLS == TRAINED (SHIELD, ARMY, ETC) HEROES

Since these cell types need to go to the thymus to learn how to do their job, it’s similar to getting a serum, undergoing some kind of formal training, etc.

👶NAÏVE B & T CELLS == HEROES JOURNEY

Often, before a hero begins fighting, they’re eager to get involved and waiting for the opportunity. Naïve B & T cells chill in the lymph nodes (the sketch gas stations of the body) and patiently wait for antigen exposure.

🎇B & T CELLS HAVE POWERS

These cells might have a long life span, healing factor, and each is unique! Like superheroes!!! So fun. I can’t believe this actually counts as studying.

🕸️B CELL RECEPTORS == HOMEGROWN HEROES (SPECIFIC)

B cell receptors have 2 antigen recognition sites. Similarly, heroes like spiderman or daredevil would get info from their daily lives as peter parker or matt Murdock oorrrrrr in their costumes. (suits, uniforms? Cosplay??????)

B cell receptors can be membrane bound (like peter working with the avengers) orrr released as an antibody (like daredevil acting more independently)

Variable regions make up the binding sites aka depending on the situation these receptors may behave differently.

🛡️T CELL RECEPTOR == AVENGERS

T cell receptors have 1 antigen recognition site and is membrane bound. This can be represented with how the avengers need to take orders (assuming they listen to them ig) and are within the scrutiny of the public eye aka the membrane omg this genius pls tell me you’re following.

Like B cell receptors, these have varible receptors aka they can also change depending on whats needed. Steve undercover baseball hat FRRRRRR

🤔HOW DO THEY EVEN GET THIS SPECIFIC???

Like how heroes have different disguises and tools, receptors have genes!!!!! Its essentially just an unlimited number of gene combinations (V Region, D regions, J region --- you get the idea)

---------------------

MORE CELL TYPES

Okay so these guys might come back with a bit more detail and more friends in a moment but for rn its intro time. Its like this is the opening theme and thennnn you learn the lore

🆘CD4+ T CELL (HELPER T CELL) == CAPTAIN AMERICA

Helper T cells use their TCR (t cell receptor, aka the avengers or shield) to recognize antigens. These need to be presented on MHCII which we will explain in a phat sec just keep it in your mind. Helper T cells aka captain America help activate B cells which makes sense because captain America inspiressssssss

🔪CD8+ T CELL – CYTOTOXIC T CELL == BLACK WIDOW

Once again, brief intro, I’ll explain more in a minute but cytotoxic t-cells alsoooo use TCR (shield, avengers) to recognize antigens but they need them presented on MHCI (will explain sshhhhh don’t worry my discord kitten). Their job is to kill infected / altered cells so black widow core we love.

Okay lets define some more shit.

💻ANTIGEN == JARVIS

Antigens bind to an antibody. This can be a pathogen or a toxin or even a non-toxic foreign molecule or evennnnn self-molecules at the wrong place or wrong time. The actual properties of the antigen can vary so it could be a protein, polysaccharide, or on rare occasions lipids.

For tony stark, jarvis acts as a receptor to a ton of information and will identify when something is wrong and present it.  He can come through many different forms of stark technology.

👨‍💻EPITOPE == ACTUAL PROGRAMMING

The epitope is a small defined structure on an antigen that actually does the binding. This could be related to the actual programming of jarvis that collects the info. Most antigens have several epitopes, jarvis would have a metric shit ton of coding tell me im not cooking!!!!!!

❓PROFESSIONAL ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS (APCs) ==  Barbara Gordon girl what are you doing in my marvel analogies?????

LISTEN listen listen ok I said earlier there would be some intersection. Professional antigen presenting cells process and display antigenic peptides aka go ‘this shit is funky sort it out’’ and the best cells at this job are dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are innate immune cells so they are a part of the dc analogy (to which I assigned babs to in an earlier post) but for the sake of my TED talk today we’re accepting oracle and jarvis work together. Following?

🤐MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC) == SECRET INTEL

MHCs are glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane of all vertebrares (HLA: human leukocyte antigen for humans) -> this intel helps mark yourself to others. And each person has their own unique mhc. These are important for helping t cells recognize their self from non-self.

Or you can think about it this way: shield has many, many operatives and key leaders like captain America, black widow, and all the other avengers need to know if the operatives are good or secretly hydra. Mhc are essentially the secret intel that is used to keep things straight.

And t cells (avengers) NEED mhc (intel) in order to act. Acting on intuition along doesn’t go well for these folks (look at the accords).

There are two main types of mhc and their use depends on the t cell that needs to act.

🩸MHC CLASS I == Gritty Intel

MHC class I data gets used for the cytotoxic t-cells which are our more ruthless killers like black widow. This class binds to and presents cytosolic peptides aka ‘eek there's a viruses or intracellular bacteria here we need you to take care of it’. THIS INFO IS PRESENTED WITHIN THE CELL-> aka it needs to come from shield or a reliable source for the CD8 t-cells to act.

🤫MHC CLASS II == If you know you know intel

This class data is presenting antigens to helper (CD4) t cells like captain America. This data is presented from OUTSIDE THE CELL like how steve tends to forge his own path and stumble into trouble. This is often bacteria that have been phagocytosed (aka killed in gotham). --------------------------------------------

HOLY SHIT MORE GENERAL DEFINITIONS ARE DONE

are you actually reading up to this point? I'm impressed if yes. Now we're going into a bit more detail and explaining function. also i got tired of emojis but did you know windows + period keys are a short cut? learning the important shit before my exam. HUMORAL VS CELL- MEDIATED IMMUNITY

Woah who up subsectioning they subsections. Humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity are like two different fight strategies and it kind of depends on the players involved.

HUMORAL IMMUNITY == The ‘we don’t kill, but we’ll fuck you up’ players.

Key players would be like: Daredevil or Spider-man etc. Our B-cell baddies.

Humoral immunity is antibody mediated à antibodies are produced by b cells and circulate freely in blood and lymph (they patrol the city regularly).

They bind to bacteria, toxins, and free virus aka have specific enemies. Think kingpin or doc ock.

These antibodies (vigilantes?) are looking to neutralize or opsonize (make suspectable to phagocytosis akaaa leaving a hint for batman. Our universes are overlapping pretty heavy here but it isss what it issss).

SOMETIMES T helper cells can help out. Captain America inspires man what can I say idk

CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY == Government-sanctioned ruthlessness (perhaps too real?)

The key players would be avengers of shield players (aka our T cells). These have cellular targets (aka cell-on-cell violence). Think about sam & bucky hunting down the super serumed folks in that one tv series I half watched during my reading week. There’s nuance, there’s depth, but your b-cell folks would not be doing this stuff. The cells being killed usually have something wrong but the methods of killing can either be direct or in direct. CAPTAIN AMERICA IS EVERYWHERE we love he is always working.

GENERATION OF EFFECTOR T CELLS

Recall: naïve t-cells (baby avengers) are waiting for their time to act.

When it gets activated by a specific antigen it begins to proliferate and differentiate. Essentially, the enemies these heroes face shape the kind of hero they become. As it now knows how to act from experience, it now becomes an effector T cell and can work.

Different types of T cells are like different types of avengers. We have already connected helper t cells to steve and cytotoxic to Natasha but we well soon go through memory and regulatory and make subsequent comparisons.

Recall also: T-cells (avengers) can’t act without having the event presented to them through MHC (data).

Naïve t-cells (baby avengers) need 2 signals to become activated à this is so they don’t suddenly act and engage poorly. Aka baby avengers need to know for sure that they can help before they are effective. APCS PRESENT THE ANTIGEN TO NAÏVE T CELLS

What???? Babs you’re inspiring the avengers to start heroing??

POV: you’re a baby avenger (naïve t-cell) and oracle chimes in with some crime (dendritic cells / apcs) and youre like wtf these are different universes but youre in a sketchy gas station (lymph node) so you just role with it.

And nowww you have your primary cell-mediated response and can become a hero I knew you could be. you might even become a memory t cell

T CELL ACTIVATION

So as mentioned babs needs to bring 2 different signals to actiate a naïve t cell or baby avenger. Signal 3 will tell that avenger what its supposed to do. This signal is typically from the environment itself (cytokines) and shapes the t-cell into the hero it will come

CYTOTOXIC T CELLS == BLACK WIDOW (+ more because we’re expanding baybe)

Recall: CD8+ T-cells are also called cytotoxic t cells and earlier we related them to black widow because they take no prisoners. We also mentioned how the info required to activate these cells are MHC I which we called the gritty intel. These cell types follow the same activation procedure as before.

When they active they kill via perforin and granzyme (same method as natural killer cells or Jason todd in our innate immunity section!). Once they are activated they do not need two signals to act again. Black widow has a fuckton of confidence and knows what shes doing.

She will the sketchy gas station of intel (lymph nodes) and find pathogenic epitopes (jarvis or other intel directs).

Some of these t cells might become memory t cells.  Give me time. Let me cook.

HELPER T CELLS == CAPTAIN AMERICA (+ more info again im just too good)

As mentioned, CD4+ T cells go quite a lote. Are activated in the same way as cytotoxic t cells but their message is delivered through MHC II or the ‘if you know you know’ intel. They will proliferate, differentiate, and they secrete cytokines. This allows them to stimulate immune responses and enhance proliferation of other cell types. Essentially, steve is so good and strong, he’s a leader and people and systems are influenced by him

MEMORY T CELLS == THE WINTER SOLDIER

Bucky has a very similar origin story to both steve and natasha which works well for memory t cells that begin as other t-cell types. Memory t cells are t cells that remain after a cell-mediated response and can then response to later, similar exposure in a faster more efficient way. Think about bucky fighting hydra and how he has never realllyyy stopped fighting.

When  the same antigen returns, bucky will take charge over baby avengers. He’s old and chilling out for a while.

B CELL ACTIVATION

Aka how do the baby homegrown heroes (someone trademark this im eating) respond to shit going down?

B cells can ‘see’ the antigens themselves (unlike t-cells that NEED external intel) there are two main ways a B cell can get activated though: 1.) T-CELL INDEPENDENT ACTIVATION This a bit less common of a method, but other microbial constituents provide the secondary signal. To break this down in superhero terms: when something is happening in the city that the big players (t-cells, or avengers) aren’t involved with spider-man, daredevil, or other more neighbourhood centered heroes can still jump into action but this a.) isn’t as commonly seen in tv or movies and b.) still requires something to be happening to get them to jump into action.. 2.) T-CELL DEPENDENT ACTIVATION This is much more common where a B cell internalizes a bound antigen and presents it as MHCII or ‘if you know you know’ intel. (so in this moment the B cell behaves as an APC). The helper T-cell receiving the intel sends out the second signal to activate the b cell. Analogy: a vigilante stumbles upon something they need more resources or help with so they act as babs did in the sketch gas station and brings it to the avengers SPECIFICALLY steve. Which might not be lore accurate but. It works for this.

What do activated B cells do??

Once one b cell is activated (antibody), there’s a clonal expansion by plasma cells. Aka once a homegrown hero tries it, other people with power are inspired.

Sometimes these activated B cells gain a memory and if a villain-of-the-week reappears they know how to respond.

---------------------------- WE DID IT!!!!!!!!!!!!!

And there’s a few more slides in my notes but IM OVER IT. Hopefully I do fine on this exam. Hopefully you, my delightful reader, learned something. Im going go eat my weight in mini eggs. Godspeed.

innate immunology w batfam | more general stuff

[xplainthexmen]

Jay & Miles X-Plain the X-Men, Episode 455 - Space, Geeks, and Galactus

In which Roadhouse is basically a Wolverine story; Spider-Man does crimes; space names are derivative; there are lots of good reasons to yell at Professor Xavier; the X-Men do Doctor Who; Galactus is not interested in your puny human feelings; Marrow gets a new look; the Skrulls need a crash course in UI; and we overthink bones.

X-PLAINED:

The time the Skrulls did “A Piece of the Action”

The trouble with benevolent dictatorships

X-Men #89-90

Uncanny X-Men #370

A New York City that is not in fact New York City

“Spider-Man”

A ruse

Faces

Skrull problems

Mar-Vell

Adam Warlock

Sass vs. joviality

Skrull Cop City

Disguises

Nova (Frankie Raye)

How Galactus eats planets

Condiments

Several melees

Bone pubes

Skrull UI

Whether Moopsy could drink Wolverine’s bones

X-Musicals

NEXT EPISODE: The return of Douglock!

The Roald Dahl short story whose title Jay couldn’t recall is “Beware of the Dog.”

The visual companion to this episode will be up later this week!

Find us on Apple Podcasts or Spotify!

Jay and Miles X-Plain the X-Men is 100% ad-free and listener supported. If you want to help support the podcast–and unlock more cool stuff–you can do that right here!

Buy rad swag at our TeePublic shop!

[235antz]

a scientific exploration of vampirism- vampirism as a virus

acquired zoonotic myeloperiforative wasting syndrome (AZMWS), also known as vampirism or "consumptive anemia" is a unique virus that acts much like a parasite, in that it is a continuous infection.

its' natural host is a variety of bats entirely endemic to various areas of the old world, chiefly europe & small pockets of eurasia & the levant. in the bat host, it highjacks the bone marrow & brain- the bone marrow stops producing red blood cells and the creature must acquire new blood in order to make red blood cells irregardless of wether it would normally feed off blood or not. the creature becomes frenzied and seeks out large mammalian hosts to drink from such as cattle, sheep, pigs or humans, uniquely it is unable to make the species jump to livestock but it can infect humans.

once the virus is inside a human, it rapidly overwhelms the immune system and uses the bone marrow to reproduce and travel around the body. production of both new red blood cells and immune cells begins to slow down- in this stage the virus is still treatable but recovery is rare. at this stage symptoms include paleness, anemia, extreme fatigue, light sensitivity, loss of appetite, sub-skin bleeding (petechiae) & chills

at the second phase of infection, the virus has firmly established itself in the body & begins to attempt the jump to infecting the brain. in this stage symptoms become much more pronounced, petechiae dissappear & paleness progresses, the gums begin to recede causing canine teeth to appear larger & sharper, vitals begin to slow down- the heart & lungs become much slower, solid food is less readily tolerated- if tolerated at all- but many patients report feeling soothed by consuming heme & iron rich foods like steak

the final phase of infection is hallmarked by neurological involvement, the virus successfully enters the brain. here it slows the heart &lungs beyond audible detection, and the body becomes very cold. behavioral issues begin to show, the sleep-wake cycle reverses, patients readily begin craving blood- a subset will become irrationally aggressive & "feral". the stomach fully stops tolerating any food or liquids. metabolic activity grinds to a halt- during long, daily torpors, sufferers truly appear entirely dead. --they now entirely rely on large amounts of human blood for nutrition & subsistence, special proteins in the stomach & small intestines derive nutrition from it; the same is true if you infuse human blood directly into the veins, much like transfusion dependent anemias. regardless, this decreased strain on the organs produces an incredibly improved lifespan, the average vampire easily surviving for hundreds of years- there are rumors of some living for thousands.

vampires end up killing most of their victims due to the sheer amount of blood they need when feeding by mouth, if victims survive they are very often infected- but not always

[vestigialprosthetics]

I fear I have been overriden by these logical fallacies, eradicating my ability to exterminate adversity. I have instigated this fear countless times, whilst abundant and unknown, it seeps into my skin, sulking into a soul poisoned with anxiety. Nevertheless, it turns synonymous to the manifestation, an apparition. A figure, a fragment, a force, of you. A fragile cultivation of all I have loved and lost, a fragment of my life and a figment of imagination.

This misery pools around my ankles and weighs me down against the barren soil. The grinding sand cut away at flesh and draws blood; I fear I will wither away, decompose before I see you once more. Nature's warmth pulls me closer to a rhythmic pulse I would never absorb from our intimacies. But I do remain compliant. My bones and body erode as the epitome of my being turns inside out to reveal my consciousness The vultures pluck and pick, savouring the warmth and sweetness fermented in my heart. In the quiet mornings of dawn, they taste the ballads you sing and the poison in me subsides. I will forget again, they crush the memories of you mulled within me. But there are engravings bearing my bones deeply. The marrow is sucked dry, and I have carved myself hollow to be left with the foreign tattoos of despair. There lies the carcass of an animal, a rapid beast violent with love, and derived of feeling. The wind whispers the sweet melancholy of your name after I breathe out the familiar vowels, and you travel farther than I could ever have. I am unrecognizable now, but the voices share your name in stories you'll never hear.

[bpod-bpod]

Vessels and Vesicles

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a type of blood cancer characterised by excessive production of abnormal white blood cells. The disease causes wide-spread inflammation and is especially damaging to blood vessels within the bone marrow where the leukaemic cells are produced. The video shows skull bone vasculature (green) of a healthy mouse and a mouse with AML (leukaemic cells coloured red) in which the vessels have been ravaged by the disease. Researchers have discovered that, as this vessel damage increases, so too does the circulating level of extracellular vesicles – small membranous packages derived from cells. Extracellular vesicles are produced from healthy vascular cells as a form of cell-to-cell communication. But, when the cells are stressed (as in the case of AML) vesicle production ramps up dramatically. Monitoring vesicle levels could therefore be used to assess the extent of vessel damage in AML and the success of a given treatment.

Written by Ruth Williams

Video from work by Georgia K. Atkin-Smith and colleagues

Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Video originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Nature Communications, October 2024

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[falloutnewvegastransedmygender]

October 29, 2281 The past four hours have had, so much happen. I decided to stop delaying the inevitable and make my way to the Strip. My Atomic Wrangler winnings were sufficient for the Credit Check, though I did override the Securitron with a code I was, 90% sure would work. Just for the fun of it. Victor greeted me on the Strip, and thus the veil was lifted. Victor is a special subroutine that can transfer between Securitrons at will while retaining prior memories. Impressive, and probably takes up a not insignificant portion of Mr. House's processing and power to run... Which, leads me to the big picture here. House brought me up to meet with him, no doubt he has been following my movements as closely as possible. It seems I was right, the Platinum Chip is something extremely valuable. He made it at great expense Pre-War, and has spent the past several decades searching for it. It IS technology, and presumably extremely advanced... But he refused to tell me more. On the one hand he would call me a potential protege, on the other hand he would tell me I have no right to know about the chip despite dying for it. Whereas he as merely spent a portion, albeit a notable portion, of his wealth on the thing. If I can corner Benny in the Tops I may see what I can glean from him. Before I off him anyway, no way he walks out of this alive... I decided to test my luck at the Gomorrah, the casino closest to the gate, while I stewed. Managed to get banned from gambling there too, though I might have to swing back by for some of the ladies~ It seems, I am in a fortuitous position that comes with immense responsibility. If this Chip is so advanced, whoever controls it might very well control the Mojave. House is certainly better than Caesar, and probably better than NCR... But he is motivated by personal gain. He wants to be the Saviour of Man, not just a business tycoon no. He wants to be a fucking God. However he clearly has some way of staying alive, seeing as he would be 261 years of age currently. House, well, I can see an argument for House not being a terrible option. Nowhere NEAR perfect, but he in theory should be able to outlive even some governmental structures. Hell, the United States of America was a mere 300 years of age when it collapsed in 2077... He desires too much though, too far gone. Legion, well I would rather fucking die than live under Caesar. NCR is corrupted to the bone marrow, and already on the verge of collapse from overreach. Not to mention reviving a certain, supremacist mindset that should be left in the grave of America. House might be better in some respects? If I just had time, I might could create a backdoor into his systems and learn more. The Securitrons are obviously on a network, if I could isolate one it might lead to a back way in. It could also completely expose me as not falling in line with House. Would House give in to the temptations of capital again? Or would being a God be enough to sate his hunger? Given he seems to be immobile, what pleasure could he derive from the world? How could he connect to it? Is a God up on High better than the corruption of Neo-Liberal Democracy? Ophelia Bacon - Scientia Potentia Est

[theprinceofembers]

What IS An Ayleidic Flesh Sculpture?

Flesh sculpture is a style of magic based around the manipulation of flesh of living beings, be it for healing or for cosmetic purposes such as changing one's face.[1][2]

While seemingly obscure, flesh sculpting isn't something reserved to the underworld of Tamriel. The "art" of flesh-sculpture can be traced back to the Daedraphiles, Ayleid city-states who adopted widespread Daedra worship in the Late Merethic Era. The Ayleids subjected their slaves to the practice to honor the Daedric Princes they worshipped.[3] Legend speaks of the Wailing Wheels of Vindasel, where the Ayleids derived strange pleasure by subjecting Nedic slaves to the "art-torture" of using their skin for flesh sculptures.[4][5] The exiled Barsaebic Ayleids brought this horrific art form with them to Black Marsh, where they enslaved local Argonians for the color and texture of their skin.[4][6] Cloudrest contains a Faculty of Chirurgeons where masters of flesh sculpture teach their art. Nohotogrha, an oasis found in Hammerfell, is also home to flesh sculptors known as the Hollow-Faced Men. One known practitioner of this art, Galathil, claims to have learned her art in both of these places circa 4E 201.[1] According to Galathil, flesh sculpting cannot be used on the dead, which includes those afflicted with vampirism.[1] Despite its magical nature, changing one's appearance requires conventional surgical tools such as knives.[1]

Circa 2E 582, some necromancers used flesh sculpting as a means of healing themselves and others.[2]

Flesh Magic is an obscure and ancient form of magic, believed by some to be older than the world itself.[1] It is characterized by what practitioners call the "sixth element", otherwise known as Flesh.[2] According to legend, the element of Flesh was birthed in ancient times by the original five elements of Earth, Water, Air, Fire and Light when darkness turned into day and the Void took form. Said to have been hidden by virtue of its own self-awareness, it remains largely unknown and esoteric among modern societies.[3]

Practice[edit]

While Necromancy deals with raising the dead, Flesh Magic differs in that it involves creating life by binding an immortal Soul to an amalgamation of Meat, Blood, Bone and Breath—the essential components of true Flesh. Each ingredient serves a vital role in the creation of life. Meat is said to possess the desire to consume. Blood is the liquid nutrient that contains the essence of life. Bone gives shape and structure and Breath bestows movement and stirs the spirit.[3] Through many years of intensive labor, these four essential components of true Flesh can be isolated and grown into their mystical forms: Osseous Marrow, Dermis Membrane, Essence of Breath, and Blood Liqueur.[3]

These components, together known as the Essence of Flesh, serve as the vessel for the twisted creation, which is then bound to an Atronach's Daedric spirit (or vestige)[4] summoned from the waters of Oblivion, typically through a ritual. The Daedric spirit acts as the Soul, the final component known as the Quintessence of Flesh, which represents perception, thought, memory, and imagination. Joining the Essence of Flesh with the Quintessence of Flesh through a successful binding produces a living Golem, sometimes referred to as a Flesh Atronach, believed by practitioners to represent the element of true Flesh in its pure form in a similar manner to the Elemental Daedra of Oblivion.[3]

While the fundamentals of Flesh Magic are distinct from Necromancy, some mages consider them to be the same discipline.[5] Other times it has been classified under the school of Conjuration.[6]

History

Flesh Magic was first recorded in translated ancient Aldmer texts of unknown provenance and authority.[7] At some point after the Ra Gada invasions began in 1E 808,[8] the Nedic mage Mahvia used the "flesh, minds, and souls" of four willing sacrifices to create an experimental flesh atronach, which would guard the city of Shada's Tear from Tarish-Zi's Anka-Ra.[9] Around 2E 230, Mannimarco experimented with Flesh Magic prior to his expulsion from the Psijic Order. On the island of Artaeum he created the first Flesh Colossus in a secluded laboratory before he was discovered and subsequently exiled.[10]

Flesh Magic was arguably most prominent during the Planemeld in the mid-Second Era, when many of Molag Bal's minions and cultists under the tutelage of Mannimarco created and summoned Flesh Atronachs of varying descriptions to aid in their schemes.[11] In later eras, the practice became almost non-existent. While some institutions, such as the College of Winterhold, allowed the study of some necromantic dark arts, Flesh Magic was largely reviled across Tamriel. Such is the rarity of the art that there have been only two known practitioners in modern times, both of which were said to be insane.[12]

The first was Relmyna Verenim, a member of the Mages Guild in the late Third Era who began researching the sixth element and conducting extreme experiments. She was expelled from the guild and was granted residency in Sheogorath's realm to continue her work.[2] Using Flesh Magic rituals, she created her crowning achievement—the feared Gatekeeper of the Fringe, a colossal Flesh Atronach who was charged with guarding the Gates of Madness in the Shivering Isles.[13]

The second was Calixto Corrium, a museum curator in Windhelm during the Fourth Era. After the death of his sister, he began researching methods to bring her back to life and uncovered the art of Flesh Magic. In his insanity, he murdered several young women in the city in order to collect their body parts for the binding ritual, but was eventually discovered and executed.[14]

[serenitypoetry]

In the Ice

Pauses dying in the haste

for all progression quickly made

from carbon and from heat derived

and flowers blooming in the ice.

Meteoric water trapped in empty plastic bottles

fighting parasitic lymphocytes of structured cells destroyed by might

by rays of ever burning sun and ozone layer torn apart

pessimistic optimist trying to keep the throttle

Once wasteland made to living place

though meant to keep its freezing sheen

stripped of its ice, its cold, its face

and almost you can hear it scream

Once freezing, breathing, hollow, dead

made warmer, given passing growth

though meant to freeze and eat up screams

and chill the marrow of your bones

anachronistic edges of a hazy fog befuddled

scrying ever-creeping parasites of eaten mist devoid of flight

by pace of battle never won and flesh decayer floating up

antagonistic haze of sight trying to piece its puzzle

Flowers dying in the waste

and wave of scorching breezes made

neglect and oil rig derived

and flowers blooming in the ice.

[severepoison]

I formulated the cure for giving a fuck and Its derived from my Bone Marrow

[tourettesdog]

Jason has had a repeating dream for years now. It started when he first came out of the Pit, when his mind slid back into proper place.

The dream is always a little different, but always too much the same.

A town he's never been to, far smaller than Gotham. The sky dark and studded with stars. A cold breeze that sends a shiver down his spine.

Green flickers haunt the corners of his vision. Shadows dance on the edges. Jason's never believed much in ghosts, but he doesn't know what else to call the shapes that solidify enough to show fangs and claws.

Jason's never had a more vivid dream. It almost feels real-- the chill of the wind, the crunch of gravel under his boots--

The ache in his legs when he wakes, as though he's spent all night walking.

It's a dream, Jason tells himself over and over. He never shares it-- never wants to know what meanings someone might derive from wandering an empty town alone, haunted by blots of Lazarus green.

It's a dream, Jason has told himself over and over again…

It's not a dream, he thinks, staring at the town just over the hill. There's a sign out front, one he's seen a few times but never been able to read.

Amity Park. A quaint name-- nothing quaint enough to warm the chill settling into the marrow of Jason's bones.

[owlservice]

Until recently, I didn't realise the therapeutic mechanism of a bone marrow transplant was that the graft derived immune cells would destroy the patient derived cancer, in an inversion of a patient rejecting an organ transplant: the organ transplant rejecting the patient's cancer. I thought the destruction of the bone marrow killed the cancer, and the bone marrow transplant was so that the patient would survive total haematopoietic ablation.

[mybeautifulchristianjourney]

Mornings and Evenings with Jesus by William Jay

The living know that they shall die. — Ecclesiastes 9:5

But there are limits to this knowledge: let us consider these. “The living know that they shall die,” but they know not when. If there are persons who have seemed to have some kind of apprehensions or intimations previously of the time of their dissolution, these were casual and not prophetic; events alone rendered them predictions. “There is an appointed time to man upon the earth; his days also are like the days of an hireling;” God has appointed his bounds, which he cannot pass; it is he who has filled our glass, and he knows how many sands there are to run out.

But he communicates not this knowledge to any man; and therefore every man must say, with Isaac, “I know not the day of my death,” nor the week, nor the year. “The living know that they shall die,” but they know not where, -whether at home in the bosom of the family, or among unconcerned strangers,-in the garden, in the field, or on the road. Where have not persons died? Some have died in the house of God; some have died at the card-table; some have died in the playhouse. Ehud died in his summer parlour, and Pharaoh in the Red Sea. There seems hardly to be a place which has not, at one time or other, been a door of entrance into eternity. “The living know that they shall die,” but they know not how, -whether suddenly or slowly, whether by fever or by dropsy, whether by accident or by the hands and device of wicked and unreasonable men. “One dieth,” says Job, “in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet; his breasts are full of milk, and his bones are moistened with marrow. Another dieth in the bitterness of his soul, and never eateth with pleasure. They shall lie down alike in the dust, and the worms shall cover them.” “The living know that they shall die,” but not what it is to die.

Thus Joshua said to the Jews, “Ye are going a way that ye have not gone heretofore.” It will be a new path to all of us. Here is a case in which no information can be derived from experience, -none from our own experience, none from the experience of others; for no one, however charged or importuned, ever returned to let

“the fatal secret out, And tell us what it is to die.”