#Blockchain and its Applications Assignment 12

[chandrashaker]

Blockchain and its Applications Assignment 12 Answers 2023

Blockchain and its Applications Assignment 12 Answers 2023: 1) Blockchain has been used in many Electronic Health Record based use cases. Answer: b

Table of ContentsBlockchain and its Applications Assignment 1 AnswersBlockchain and its Applications Assignment 2 AnswersBlockchain and its Applications Assignment 3 AnswersBlockchain and its Applications Assignment 4 AnswersBlockchain and its Applications Assignment 5 AnswersBlockchain and its Applications Assignment 6 AnswersBlockchain and its Applications Assignment 7 AnswersBlockchain and its…

[selromsoftware]

Empowering Education: The Transformative Role of Education Software

In today's digital age, Education Software has revolutionized the way we teach, learn, and manage educational institutions. Education Software, often referred to as EdTech, encompasses a wide range of digital tools and solutions designed to enhance the educational experience for both students and educators. In this comprehensive article, we will explore the significance of Education Software, its diverse applications across the education sector, key features, and the profound impact it has on modern education.

Understanding Education Software:

Education Software, or EdTech, is a broad term that encompasses software applications, platforms, and tools designed to support and enhance various aspects of education. These software solutions are used in traditional classrooms, online learning environments, and educational institutions of all levels, from K-12 schools to universities.

The Significance of Education Software:

Enhanced Learning Experience: Education Software offers interactive and engaging learning experiences, catering to different learning styles and preferences.

Accessibility and Inclusivity: It allows access to education for students with diverse needs, including those with disabilities or from remote areas.

Efficiency: Education Software streamlines administrative tasks for educators and administrators, freeing up more time for personalized instruction.

Data-Driven Decision-Making: It provides valuable data and analytics that can inform educational strategies, helping educators tailor their teaching methods to student needs.

Applications of Education Software:

Learning Management Systems (LMS): LMS platforms facilitate course management, content delivery, and online collaboration among students and teachers.

Educational Games and Simulations: These tools make learning fun and engaging while reinforcing critical concepts and skills.

Virtual Classrooms: Virtual classroom software enables live online teaching, making education accessible to remote learners.

Assessment and Testing Tools: Digital assessment tools streamline the grading process and provide instant feedback to students.

Administrative Software: Educational institutions use administrative software for tasks such as enrollment, scheduling, and record-keeping.

Key Features and Functionality:

Content Management: Education Software allows educators to create, organize, and deliver digital content, including lectures, quizzes, and assignments.

Collaborative Tools: Many platforms offer collaboration features such as discussion forums, video conferencing, and shared documents.

Personalization: Education Software often includes adaptive learning features that tailor content and assignments to individual student needs.

Analytics and Reporting: These tools provide educators with insights into student performance and engagement, helping them make data-driven decisions.

The Future of Education Software:

Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI will play a significant role in EdTech, offering personalized learning experiences, intelligent tutoring, and predictive analytics to identify at-risk students.

Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR): VR and AR technologies will enable immersive learning experiences, from virtual science experiments to historical reenactments.

Blockchain Integration: Blockchain technology may enhance credential verification and the security of academic records.

Conclusion:

Education Software is at the forefront of modern education, reshaping traditional teaching and learning methods. As the education landscape continues to evolve, driven by technological advancements and changing learner expectations, EdTech remains instrumental in providing accessible, engaging, and effective learning experiences. In an era where customization, accessibility, and data-driven insights are paramount, Education Software not only empowers educators but also enables students to explore and unlock their full potential. As the education sector continues its digital transformation journey, Education Software will undoubtedly play an ever-expanding and pivotal role in shaping the future of education, making quality learning accessible to learners of all backgrounds and abilities.

[socialwicked]

NFT marketplace trading is down big as crypto winter rages on

Crypto  winter season is continue to raging on in the aftermath of the   Terra fiasco   and various significant   crypto lending firms   likely bankrupt.

 It turns out cryptocurrency’s blockchain brethren, NFTs, are not executing so hot either. 

 The extremely unstable speculative investments that tokenize electronic assets on the blockchain are experience the crypto winter season consequences. Investing volume on the biggest NFT market, OpenSea, has dropped a whopping 99 percent in the 4 months amongst May well and August 2022, in accordance to data from the decentralized app retailer   DappRadar   and noted by  Fortune .

  SEE ALSO:     Ethereum’s The Merge is the most important celebration in crypto this year. Here is why.        The plummeting acceptance in the NFT industry is even far more stark when you glimpse at the monetary quantities. OpenSea saw about $2.7 billion in transactions on Could 1. On Aug. 28, the platform saw just around $9.3 million in transactions.

 Stars and models, having said that, go on to boost NFT tasks in hopes of lining their digital pockets. 

 In simple fact, celebrities hawking NFTs without proper disclosure has come to be so rampant that the consumer watchdog nonprofit Reality in Promoting sent   warning letters   to a amount of famous people, these as Justin Bieber and Reese Witherspoon, concerning their deception. 

 At the MTV VMAs this past Sunday, on that identical Aug. 28, Eminem and Snoop Dogg took to the stage and, as they carried out, were   transformed   into 3D styles of their respective Bored Ape Yacht Club NFTs. The Bored Ape element of the performance left a lot of viewers asking…  why  ?!

    Tweet could have been deleted  (opens in a new tab)   

  But, if you are acquainted with both artist, you’d know about their   forays   into the NFT place above the past number of yrs. Snoop Dogg in distinct has long gone all in on non-fungible tokens, acquiring designed   $44 million   just earlier this 12 months from selling NFTs of his latest album.

 Earlier this yr was a a great deal distinctive time for NFTs though. Now, the value of Bored Ape Yacht Club NFTs, easily the most preferred of the NFT assignments, has plummeted as very well. At its peak on April 30, the flooring value for a Bored Ape NFT was 154 ether, the cryptocurrency traded on the Ethereum network, but as of Sept. 2, the flooring value was all over 75 ether, indicating much more than a 50 p.c fall in price. It must also be observed that the value of ether has dropped as effectively, from about $2,800 in April to $1,500 in September. So the Bored Apes have taken fairly the strike.

 And the downturn isn’t only discovered on OpenSea possibly. Other NFT marketplaces are emotion it also. Coinbase, the greatest crypto trade in the U.S.,   released   its possess NFT marketplace in Could. It has unsuccessful to attain any genuine traction, frequently recording just   all-around   a minimal 5-figures in income for each day. Video clip activity retailer Gamestop also   launched   its have NFT market in July and has witnessed   around   the similar action…or deficiency thereof. 

 Some brand names are studying the home even though. Most notably, the studio at the rear of the massively well-liked online video recreation Minecraft   announced   it would not get concerned with NFTs.

  SEE ALSO:    Crypto.com claws back fortune after accidentally minting a millionaire        But even now, brand infatuation with NFTs proceeds. Starbucks is looking to   start   a loyalty application making use of NFTs, luxury makes like Gucci and Tiffany are   finding   in on the non-fungible token motion, and even M&M’s are   releasing   a Bored Apes model of its candy.

 Cryptocurrency has confronted downturns in advance of and has mounted comebacks. But, the significantly newer NFT phenomenon is struggling with an even bigger challenge: Brand names think in it, but individuals really don’t. That’s a big problem to prevail over.

https://socialwicked.com/nft-marketplace-trading-is-down-big-as-crypto-winter-rages-on/

[supersecure-blog]

Week 6 Lectures

Never would I have thought that I would receive a lecture via a skype call... however this course continues to surprise me. Notes for this week’s lectures as per usual :) This week notes will be in their purest form: brain dribble.

Morning Lecture

WEP:

Needed a 64 bit key, but how do we get users to generate a 64 bit key. Was a lot to ask users to generate. Designers decided to generate the last 24 bits by themselves, using an IV.

Seed was different for each packet, 40 bit key that was shared and everyone used, and then the 24 bit value that was generated. 

To decrypt, you get the 24 bit thing sent in the clear - (IV) and combine with the secret to get the 64 bit 

Danger when someone transmits the same data under the same key - data is replicated in the same frame

Collision for IV - square root of 2^24  = 2^12 ~= 4000

Relatively small amount of packets needed to be sent before collision

Mixing data and control (key characteristic of attacks):

WEP attack - carrying out the normal function, can be abused by users to gain more control

I.e. Richard smuggling expensive express envelopes by hiding them in a satchel, posting them to himself 

If there is a potential ambiguity in the channel and you are able to control how that is resolved - you gain control of the channel

Buffer Overflow:

Computer rapidly switches between jobs - “context switching” rather than concurrencyModern cpu’s use the notion of interruption Stack keeps track of what is being used

Latest process - top of the stack. When it’s finished, the information about the process gets thrown out, stack pointer gets moved down

After process have been re-awakened, need information about what the process is currently doing. This is stored in the disk, because RAM is expensive

Stack is also used to store local data about the program - much faster 

Running program data is in the stack, as well as other frozen processes

Stack is stored backwards -> grows down

If can persuade the  buffer you are writing to is bigger than it is - then you can be writing to other memory of the person that is asleep

Pointer to the next instruction about to be executed -> control

Contains other information

Write to the return address, overwrite the current thing

Proof of work:

Bitcoin - can’t counterfeit easily (work ratio)

No matter how good something is, every 18 months your attacker gains 1 bit of work due to Moore’s law i.e. lose one bit of security

Number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. 

Disk encryption:

Thread model - attacker has physical access to the disk, assume full control of the hard drive 

Generate random key, encrypted version of the key stored in the disk

Evening Lecture:

Web Seminar

HTTP:

Application layer protocol used to send messages between browsers and web servers. HTTP requests go from the browser to the server. 

Databases / SQL - browser sending an HTTP get request from the server with the username and password as data

Server queries database with “SELECT password FROM users WHERE match”

HTTP Cookies/Sessions

An HTTP cookie is a small piece of data sent in a response from a web server and stored on the user’s computer by the browser

A session cookies is a unique ID generated by the server and sent to the user when they first connect or login

Browser sends it with all HTTP requests

XSS - cross-site scripting is an attack in which an attacker injects data, such as a malicious program

Reflected XSS - occurs when user input is immediately returned by a web application. 

Stored - you enter data which is stored within the application and then returned later

xss.game.appstop.com

SQL injection is a code injection technique in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution.

Goal behind an SQL query is to gain access

‘ or 1 == 1 --

Blind SQL injections are identical to normal SQL Injection except that when an attacker attempts to exploit an application rather than getting a useful error message

Cross Site Request Forgery:

Attack on an authenticated user i,.e. Already logged in

When you log in to a website it sends you a cookie to your browser to keep you logged in.

Bank attack:

If attacker knows the format of the bank request, they can hide a transfer request inside an img using html

Cross Site Request Forgery Defences:

Primary mitigation is with tokens

Generate a suitably random token, store value server-side

Sent token to user, expect this token back as part of any user requests

In a GET request, this token will be appended to the URL

If a website has XSS vulnerabilities, CSRF mitigations are pointless

Crypto Seminar

Payment Process: Current versus Bitcoin:

Current payment systems require third-party intermediaries that often charge high processing fees

Machine-to-machine payment using the Bitcoin protocol allows for direct payment between individuals, as well as support micropayments -> reduce transaction costs

Crypto:

Built using cryptographic principles i.e. blockchain and hashing

Difficult to fake transactions - too many bits so it isn’t worth

Blockchain:

Method of storing data

A chain of chronologically linked blocks where each block is linked to the previous block

Blocks are unique - no two blocks will have the same hash

Data:

Consists of hundreds of transactions

Put around 2000 transactions in one block

Hashes:

Block’s  hash summarises the data into a combination of letters and numbers

SHA-256 hashing algorithm

If a transaction in the block is changed, the hash is changed

This is important because each block has the hash of the previous block -> need to check against all previous blocks

Tamper evident

When a transaction is mine, it isn’t immediately added but placed in a transaction pool

The miner gathers enough to form a block - called a candidate block

Hash the block header along with a nonce

When we hash we hope the block hash value is below a certain target value

The nonce is a random number brute forced by miners to try and create the correct hash

When nonce is found, it is broadcast and the block is added to the existing chain

Proof of Stake:

Growth of mining pools could eventually lead back to a centralised system

PoW mining uses excessive amounts of electricity

PoS algorithm attributes mining power to proportion of total bitcoins held, rather than computing power

Rewards are transaction fees rather than new cryptocurrency

Types of crypto currencies:

Bitcoin 

Uses the SHA-256 algorithm - very processor intensive and complex requires lots of dedicated hardware

Litecoin

More accessible for normal uses to mine on their CPUs as the algorithm used is less CPU intensive, but more memory intensive

Facebook Libra

Centralised architecture - libra will be managed by the Libra Association, having more control over the blockchain

There is no ‘mining” - to set up a node on Libra, need $10000

Privacy:

Blockchain doesn’t have a strong concept of identity (public, private) key pairing

Doesn’t exempt transaction from tracing

Two main ways:

Relations between address - inferring identity

Interactions between nodes and users

Monero:

Unlinkability -> stealth addresses with view keys

Transaction mixing -> ring signatures

Concealing transaction amounts -> RingCt signatures

Historical flaws:

51% attack: 

Double-spend

Purpose might also be to discredit a crypto instead of money

Credibility decided on the majority

Off-springs created one’s solution for a hash is not added into their own spin-off

Motive might be to discredit the cryptocurrency

Past Attacks:

Usually happened on small networks

Verge 51% attack, on April 2018

Groups of hackers found two main flaws in the system:

Bug which lowered the hashing difficulty for a hashing algo (Scrypt)

Verge allowed 5 different hashing algorithms, and only the difficulty for Scrypt is lowered

Hacked 3 times over 2 weeks

Cryptocurrency exchanges:

Mt.Gox - bitcoin exchange that was launched in 2010. Handled over 70% of all Bitcoin transactions in 2013

Previous owner retained admin level user account when MtGox was sold in 2011

Attacker logged in to the account

Assigned himself a large number of BTC which he sold on the exchange

Price dropped immediately

Obtained private keys of MtGox clients

Created selling orders on these accounts and bought the BTC he stole 

SQL Injection vulnerability was found

MtGox user database began circulating online and included:

Plain text email addresses

Usernames

MD5 Hashed passwords, with some unsalted

Future of Cryptocurrency:

Adoption

Overcoming resistance from:

People

Established finance institutes (eg banks)

Governments (they don’t like that you don’t pay tax by concurrency)

Ease of use

Volatility

Threats

Blockchain its laek

Quantum computers

To the sft that utilises cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrency wallet/exchange/

Strong private keys

Symmetric Ciphers

Two sorts of ciphers, symmetric and asymmetric -> regards the keys

If you know the key

For a symmetric: you can decrypt and encrypt

For an asymmetric: you have separate private and public keys to decrypt and encrypt (RSA)

Earthquakes:

How would I cope, how would my business cope? -> ‘gobag’

Home Study - read up about the “block modes” - only need to learn/understand ECB, CBC, CTR

Authentication:

Identifying for who? Computer/human?

Facebook. Police, baggage screening

Authentication and identification - what is the difference?

What decisions?

Computerised authentication system -> needs to make a decision about whether it is you or not

Factors:

Something that you have

Something that you know - i.e a password. Easy way of doing authentication

How do you know that you share the same secret?

Something that you are - Unfakeable 

Two factor authentication:

Something that you have AND something that you know i.e. and password

All of these things seem different, but ultimately they are all just things that you know, and are all secrets

Something that you are can be replicated

Serious problem -> authenticating bombs, missiles etc

Biometrics - not real authentication, collecting another shared secret from a person, and can be bypassed

[martinhovmand5-blog]

Electrum Stratis Wallet

Stratis is one of the original regarding a range of blockchain enhancement platforms. It seemed to be initially while platform where developers can easily make their own exclusive blockchain. Stratis wanted their own platform to be the top blockchain-as-a-service (BaaS) tailored regarding use by way of organisations. On Strat Electrum , since filling, Sratis possesses increased the opportunity connected with their project. They need to build out a larger blockchain development system that will handle typically the likes of NEO together with Ethereum. Can Stratis actually fight in this really competitive space and offer an attractive alternative for you to these kind of blockchains? In that Stratis overview, we can attempt to answer that question by taking a new deep-dive on the assignment. We will glance at the technologies, team members and exclusive advantages of its blockchain. You will also analyse often the STRAT token and whether you should think about that. Let�s bounce in. What is Stratis? Stratis started out being a project the fact that wanted to assist enterprise logistics with a BaaS model. However, as typically the with regard to developer environments has grown, hence way too include the ambitions involving Stratis. They are now striving to develop their own developer blockchain. There are various various other projects that are endeavoring to do this but this main distinction between them and Stratis is that it will be using C# for Microsoft�s. NET framework as the particular programming language of its blockchain. Ethereum has a single advantage above Stratis within that the idea was the very first smart contract community, having said that its use of typically the Solid design programming language may be it has the weakness. Stratis uses a a lot more common programming language and may gain the same blockchain buildings and include sidechains because well. Stratis is surely gaining on Ethereum, starting C# smart contracts because an alpha in May possibly, followed by alpha sidechain help support in August. This brings Stratis about par with leading intelligent contract blockchains. In truth, for a lot of companies Stratis could be the favorite solution since blockchain expertise isn�t all that frequent at the older, considerably more traditional technician companies. These kind of older technology companies do have armies connected with computer programmers familiar with C# along with the. NET framework and happen to be more than likely to pass around programming a blockchain having Solidity once they can make use of the more familiar C#. Stratis offers this comfortable programming language, and the particular capacity to use just about all the same features in order to create a feature-rich blockchain with the ability to help contain sidechains plus wise contracts. This will make it possible for the particular old-guard tech corporations to easily build their individual blockchain options on the particular Stratis main company, keeping their own projects segregated and safe on sidechains. There�s certainly promise, nevertheless it will need time to recognize the perception of Stratis. Let�s create a deeper look into the project and it has the related STRAT gold coin that powers the network. Understanding Stratis Stratis is made as its own blockchain that also offers a good suite regarding development resources in C# that enable companies to make use of the safety measures of its blockchain to create their own chains. This will save you sources for often the companies who else don�t need to have to hire brand-new blockchain developers or maybe redo almost all their legacy software to utilize a new platform. With it is core Stratis is an kept up to date, enterprise warm and friendly version associated with Bitcoin. It is more worldwide, it�s speedier, and it actions apart from the resource greedy Proof-of-Work mining of Bitcoin. It adds the Stratis platform that enables sidechains, wise contracts and the addition regarding decentralized blog.

Stratis deviates from additional blockchain projects by applying the C# programming terminology. With over 6 mil C# developers this should mesh easily with typically the prevailing programs of conventional technician companies across often the globe. The idea has built the fit of equipment plus sources for developers to be able to enable them to build up their own blockchains, plus that also offers the use of its blockchain as a mainchain to be able to secure additional sidechains. nStratis Advancement Software The nStratis blockchain developmnent platform produced for businesses In addition , this offers consultancy services with regard to firms that want in order to use blockchain technology, although don�t recognize where or maybe how to get started out. As an example, they might suggest a good fintech company, exhibiting these people how blockchain technologies enable you to verify funds are usually being delivered to the proper people, to track purchases, and to validate consumer identities. Stratis Team Typically the main operating company regarding Stratis could be the Stratis Team Ltd that is based around the city of Manchester. They are comprised regarding some fairly experienced builders with expertise in organization software together with blockchain. Stratis was founded around 2016 by the current CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, Chris Trew. Chris offers over 10 years regarding encounter in Enterprise THAT. This individual is also some sort of backend developer who may have developed numerous applications throughout C# and ASP. WORLD WIDE WEB. He started to cut the teeth in the blockchain ecosystem within 2013 and proved helpful like a volunteer on this Blitz project. Stratis Staff Members Some of this Stratis Team Members Bob is likewise joined simply by Nicolas Dorier who formulated NBitcoin basically as some sort of learning exercise. NBitcoin can be now one of the most comprehensive cross-platform bitcoin frameworks. He in addition has penned a good book about blockchain programming in C#. Nicolas has also done some work on Bitcoin�s primary assignment. The STRAT Symbol Often the Stratis blockchain uses Proof-of-Stake (PoS) as their general opinion modus operandi, and often the STRAT token as the indig�ne token on the networking. Because Stratis uses PoS it means there�s simply no source intensive mining needed to protect the network, nor virtually any expensive equipment required. It turned out developed because a low inflation cryptocurrency and holders have the ability to produce rewards by staking gold coins, if they have plenty of to run a node. Operating a masternode requires staking two hundred fifty, 000 STRAT, which often has a value of $392, 500 at the $1. 57 price on Sept. 2010 7, 2018. Electrum Stratis out of reach with regard to most, but we have seen have a discussion of adding lower tier nodes that require less gold coins. The primary aim of the STRAT token is as gas for your network, or a way to spend on network orders. Naturally you can also buy it as a speculative investment, and the coin is listed with well over a new dozen trades, including Binance, Bittrex together with HitBTC. Binance STRAT Ledger at Binance and Buy STRAT Tokens As of September several, 2018 the STRAT gold coin is #49 on Coinmarketcap. com with a marketplace cover of $155, 347, 489. That�s at a associated with $1. 57 having a going around supply of 99, 004, 672. Stratis hit an perfect high price of $21. 21 years of age on January 8, 2018. Stratis was one connected with the first successful ICO�s, raising 1, 000 BTC back in June/July 2016. This success led these phones start their own ICO software in May 2018 to help other people discover the same success. Is considered certainly a new generous presenting, but could spell indications of trouble at the corporation. ICO Popularity in Fall Any time Bitcoin rose within acceptance most other cryptocurrencies had trouble in order to gain an target audience. So, these people turned to help the ICO as a new way to gain industry acceptance, and to increase budget to continue development. That�s just how Stratis became its come from 2016. ICOs became a lot more popular throughout 2017 if Ethereum started out hosting bridal party on the blockchain, enabling companies to help bypass this long in addition to expensive technique of creating their own blockchain. The fact that 12 months saw nearly just one, 500 ICOs launched in addition to $5. 6 billion inside capital raised. It wasn�t almost all good news though like over 50% of individuals ICOs were failures. Maybe even more serious was this approximately $1 billion lost simply by investors to fake ICOs. Electrum Strat Wallet lured the attention, and ire, of presidency regulators. That set an adverse light on ICOs. Shortly after major online mainly because sites like Google, Fb and even Twitter banned advertisements regarding ICOs on their own platforms. ICO prices chop down across the sector and even people evolved into increasingly cautious with projects releasing new gold coins via an ICO. Decreasing ICO Demand Amount involving money raised via ICO can be declining. Source: ICO Information 2018 still considers the good volume associated with ICOs, but it also sees a great deal more and more projects steering clear of the negative stigma associated with ICOs. Numerous have absent back to the airdrop to help deliver tokens, and still other individuals are opting to help hold private gross sales, presenting their coins to opportunity capital firms and high net-worth individuals rather compared to offering them to the public. This cell phone calls directly into question the decision involving Stratis to release a great ICO platform in May well 2018. In a few respects the idea seems as if the management team is caught up in the past. Positive 2016 was basically just a couple of short in years past, nevertheless inside the cryptocurrency planet a couple of years is like 3 years. A turnkey ICO option at this position seems to fly in the face of the negative view regarding ICOs and the boosting authorities scrutiny. Stratis Carries on an invaluable Blockchain Even even though the launch of ICO platform makes it look as if Stratis will be out of touch using the rest of often the cryptocurrency business, it is still a solid and outstanding blockchain task. And although the value of the particular STRAT coin has dropped all through 2018, that�s a great deal more a feature of the entire decline inside cryptocurrency markets. A $1. 57 cost now is continue to a new more than 22, 000% gain from the $0. 007 ICO price associated with the lieu. That�s a new pretty hefty come back in just over 2 many years. Stratis has also just lately been classified by the Ms Azure Marketplace, which was initially a big win regarding Stratis founder and TOP DOG Chris Trew. The list isnt necessarily an validation of Stratis as a project, but rather mainly because the coin is prepared in C# for that. INTERNET framework. The. INTERNET system was developed by way of Microsoft company, and because of House windows enterprise usage the. WORLD WIDE WEB platform and C# encoding terminology are both equally inserted in every business. As often the developer on the. NET platform Microsoft contains a huge stake in the your survival plus growth of the system and the C# words, doing acceptance of Stratis by way of Microsoft almost the given outcome. Microsoft Glowing blue Announcement by Stratis with Microsof company Azure Company�s making use of heritage systems built along C# and. NET are going to find the particular transition to be able to a blockchain solution are going to be easiest and most most affordable with all the00 Stratis solution. Most of these businesses already have C# developers which might be reassigned to a new blockchain project, and they�ll create quick progress thanks in order to their familiarity with C#. Unfortunately with regard to Stratis the particular blockchain world evolves very quickly. Their C# kit was vaporware till May 2018, meaning there were a good number of projects the fact that caught up to and outdone Stratis. And the Wind wallet, which in turn sounded thus innovative during the summer of 2016, wasn�t everything revolutionary whenever it was launch while a beta mainnet item in Nov 2017. It is unfortunate, nonetheless the Stratis team appears to be to possibly be functioning from a far slower pace than new tasks, specially those via Asian countries. The early enthusiasm over Stratis hasn�t converted to earlier adoption. Around fact, additional than the endorsement into the Azure Market, the largest partnership now far has been Earth Twine, an unknown international that is looking to affect often the seafood logistics business enterprise with a blockchain remedy. One hopeful development is typically the newest partnership with BRITAIN Meds, the best rising online drug-store in the particular UK, just announced in September 5. UNITED KINGDOM Medications plans on using the particular technology in order to increase sufferer safety and improve often the UK Medicines source company. Conclusion Startis contains the distinction of being the very first profitable ICO, and continues to be remarkable to this moment, nevertheless some claim the idea needs to step upwards the game if the idea doesn�t desire the difference of very first successful ICO to be the largest differentiation the project ever before reaches. While it provides solid technology and the solid alliance with Ms, it isn�t seeing this type of adoption it takes. If it can control its strengths there is definitely still an answer to advancement within the blockchain sector because it offers a few worthwhile and helpful use-cases. The inclusion of the Stratis platform in the Microsoft Azure industry is a good big win, plus option traders have to be joyful with the particular 22, 000% return since the ICO, including if the price regarding typically the coin has already been sliding at 2018. Buyer sentiment could be going down, but there are still a lot of good to be stated for STRAT. The establish of an ICO program doesn�t seem to always be the best move in 2018 as government regulators include been taking aim from ICOs, but fortunately Stratis has several other platform trends and partnerships. Potentially a good enterprise blockchain answer inside C# may not necessarily noise as technologically innovative or hot as additional blockchain projects, but it is very just these kind of nuts-and-bolts sort applications which might be often often the most useful plus profitable. In fact, the work with of C# makes Stratis more attractive for you to classic tech companies using legacy of music systems, since they wil have to start through scratch to help move or maybe integrate their particular methods with blockchain technology. The Stratis solution displays real assurance, but we need to wait and even see if they may genuinely deliver.

[cryptrending]

NPTEL Blockchain and its Applications Week 12 Assignment answers

NPTEL Blockchain and its Applications Week 12 Assignment answers

NPTEL Blockchain and its Applications Week 12 Assignment answers. source

[blockchainca]

Tips to Choose The Best Blockchain Development Company

Blockchain is a popular technology that has made data management more efficient and cost-effective. Blockchain is a great technology that has many benefits.

  Blockchain Development California technology is extremely difficult to hack. It has revolutionized the way we keep records. Blockchain ledgers can record all types of transactions, from medical to cryptocurrency.

  These are very similar to a huge Google Doc. Blockchain technology is gaining popularity in many sectors, which has resulted in large investments. Statista estimates that blockchain programming will cost around 12 billion dollars by 2022.

  This is a graphic representation of their research.

  Although this may seem like a positive picture, the reality isn't that bright for every company that has dreamed of using blockchain technology to grow. Many small and large-scale businesses have suffered financial losses after investing in blockchain technology.

  The China Academy of Information and Communication Technology, (CAICT) claims that only 8% of the 80 million blockchain projects created up to now are still active. The average lifespan of blockchain projects was also stated to be just 1.22 years.

  There are many failures by businessmen in blockchain. Nearly all businesses today have the goal of establishing a successful blockchain project in order to reap the benefits of this emerging technology.

  What loophole is there in this entire situation? Why is it that most blockchain projects fail? What is it about the customer base or the technology? Poor development is the main drawback in such projects, according to my experience.

  It is easy to find a Blockchain developer in this age, but it can be difficult to find a competent blockchain engineer. Are you unsure of what a blockchain developer should have?

  Everyone should be aware of the obvious: good reputation, cost-effective rates and years of experience are all things to look out for. These are some of the tips I will share with you that most people don't follow, but should. Click here.

These are our top tips for choosing the best company to develop blockchain apps:

  1. Get a clear view of your blockchain project

  Blockchain technology is complex and difficult to grasp. To plan a successful Blockchain project, you will need to research this technology and its applications.

  Before you contact any blockchain engineer, it is important to clarify your vision and strategy. Only then will you be able communicate with them your requirements.

  2. Choose a company that offers consulting services for blockchain development

  After you have completed the first step, you will need to seek expert advice to help you get your project in a better place.

  Many companies offering blockchain programming services do not have the staff available to provide consultation. Make sure you choose a company that offers consultation services.

  3. Choose a company that supports agile development

  Software projects used to be developed on a fixed model basis. Clients had very specific requirements that could be met through prototyping. You need a partner who is open to agile development in modern times.

  The services of agile blockchain app development allow for the requirements and solutions to evolve over time. Blockchain software will not all be delivered at once. Instead, it will be developed in steps over a gradual process.

  4.Find a company that develops blockchain technology and assigns a dedicated team

  What about a team who is responsible for multiple projects? Each time they meet your goals, you will need to remind them. You should avoid these situations by choosing a company with a dedicated team.

  To provide a complete client experience, a full-stack team includes blockchain developers, testers, and quality analysts. These teams are experts in the various business niches of blockchain development.

  Ending:

  Blockchain technology is rapidly growing and is drawing investments from many businesspeople. This is why offering services does not show expertise.

  To ensure optimal outcomes, you need to make sure that you choose the best company to develop blockchain apps. To avoid any repercussions, you can follow the tips above.

  In the comments section, you can share your experiences and thoughts with developers of blockchain apps. We will use this information to help you find new and important tips.  For more information visit us https://www.hashtag-ca.com/

[aliciaadley900]

Five Promising Applications for Blockchain Technology in Healthcare

Especially in the financial industry, Blockchain is a revolutionary data management and exchange technology. Success in other sectors, such as the automotive industry, has caused chaos in the healthcare industry. To clear up this misunderstanding will take twice as long as changing the healthcare system, which is what most people think it is. Learn blockchain to get a deeper grasp of this intriguing technology. If you're certified in blockchain technology, you'll immediately be assigned a level.

What is blockchain?

Satoshi Nakamoto, a 'unknown' individual, invented bitcoin in 2008, and the blockchain is a critical part of it (or group). Briefly stated, a distributed and written record of digital events in chronological order that is shared through a peer to peer network using the Blockchain's technical language is known as a "blockchain".

Authorized users may access, share, distribute, and even contribute to the database to keep track of transactions and exchanges. It differs from traditional banking in that only all users may approve a transaction before it can be executed, even if the authorising party tries to do so.

In the healthcare sector, here are five ways that blockchain may be beneficial:

Single, longitudinal patient records

Blockchain may be used to acquire longitudinal patient data, such as that collected by inpatient, ambulatory, and wearable information-assisted providers.

Patient Master Index

When working with health data, records are often damaged or duplicated. There are many methods to input and modify the basic data sets in each field's EHRs schema. Not only the main key has been compromised; the whole dataset has been leaked to a blockchain ledger. To find a certain address, the user may simply type in the address or key in the search bar. All of them will lead to the same patient identification number.

Claims adjudication

Since Blockchain is built on a validation-based exchange, claims may be verified automatically if the network agrees to the contract's execution. Due to the lack of a centralised authority, mistakes and frauds would be less common.

Management of the supply chain

Contracts based on blockchain technology may help healthcare organisations monitor supply and demand cycles throughout time, regardless of whether the contract is functional or there are delays.

Interoperability

The use of sophisticated APIs and interoperability on the blockchain promises to improve the trustworthiness of EHR interoperability and storage. To save time and money, the blockchain network will be shared safely and reliably with authorised service providers.

Otherwise, blockchain may have an effect on revenue cycle management, pharmaceutical supply management, clinical trials, and fraud detection..

Wrapping up

Health care organisations must be ready to offer the required technological infrastructure before blockchain can realise its full promise in healthcare. The cost of blockchain is prohibitive, and integrating it with current technologies is time-consuming and complex.

In spite of enormous investments in the technology, however, blockchain has been in disarray over the past 12 months. We shouldn't be surprised if blockchain proves to be a foundational technology in the digital world. Given its tremendous potential. Big data may change in the future, who knows? There are several blockchain course available for you to take up. 

[bitcoinminershasrate]

Best CPU for Mining 2021: Mining Cryptocurrency ( Processors)

Best CPU for Mining 2021: Best CPUs for Mining Cryptocurrency - Probably every person who studies the topic of mining has thought about how profitable is the mining of cryptocurrencies using a processor. After all, the most popular coins are now obtained using video cards or special devices. Processor mining is available to almost every personal computer owner. However, due to the ever-increasing complexity of the network of popular cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin , Ethereum , Litecoin and so on, their mining on the processor has become unprofitable. But this does not mean that it is absolutely impossible to make money on this type of mining. In this article, we will talk about the current processors for mining cryptocurrency, profitability and talk about the profitability of this type of receiving tokens. What is processor mining What-is-processor-mining CPU mining is the process of mining a cryptocurrency by finding a hash using the computing power of a central processing unit (CPU) and assigning it to a block within the cryptocurrency blockchain. For the first time, mining was launched on the central processor by the creator of bitcoin Satoshi Nakamoto .☝️It was with the help of the central processor that Satoshi mined his 1 million BTC. At the dawn of the era of cryptocurrencies, when bitcoin was worth a few cents, mining even on a very average central processor was very efficient, the only thing is that the bitcoin price of a few cents then compensated for this phenomenon. Mining on a processor is theoretically possible with cryptocurrencies that support the following algorithms : - SHA-256; - X11; - Ethash; - Scrypt; - Equihash. In theory, because in practice, in the future, with the development of the cryptocurrency industry, the baton of mining was first taken over by video cards , and after ASIC miners (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) - by specialized high-performance devices. The computing powe that they provided left both central processors and video cards out of the game (with the exception of mining those cryptocurrencies that run on Ethash or Zhash algorithms).☝️At the moment, mining on a processor is unprofitable due to the high complexity of the network and the use of ASICs. Mining on server processors A server processor is a more efficient and stable modification of a conventional central processor designed to work in data centers and with a high network load. How is a server processor different from a regular processor? In fact, a server processor has several differences from a regular desktop processor:It is designed for continuous operation 24/7 and under maximum load. For this, all instances of the server processor undergo extensive testing under extremely stressful conditions for operational stability and compliance with the requirements for this type of equipment. Their planned term of operation is 5 years, in constant load mode, while the planned term of operation for the desktop processor is only 3 years, and at the same time with less load.Server processors have more cores than desktop processors. So, in standard desktop processors, up to 8 cores can be installed, while in server rooms the average number of cores is 12.Support for large arrays of RAM, so even outdated models of server processors supported up to 144 GB. Best CPUs for cryptocurrency Another difference between the server modification and the desktop modification lies in a different operating principle. The server processor is designed to work with a powerful stream of network data, in fact, in relative single-tasking mode, while the desktop version works in multithreading mode with many small tasks. Also, server processors for mining are characterized by support for ECC, noise-immune memory both in the internal cache of the processor of all levels and in RAM. Mining on server processors also has a slightly higher efficiency compared to mining cryptocurrency on a conventional processor, including due to the larger amount of L2 cache in the server modification. But this only works with the appropriate support for AES instructions in the server processor model. The server processor is good for mining cryptocurrencies , due to its greater reliability and performance, but only in comparison with a regular desktop processor, but video cards and ASICs still bypass it in performance. In addition, it should be understood that the server processor consumes more power and is much more expensive than the desktop one. All cryptocurrencies supporting the CryptoNote and CryptoNight encryption algorithms can be mined on the server processor . How to mine on a processor  To start mining on a processor, you need to do the following (for example, mining Monero): - Download the program for mining. - Get a wallet for storing mined coins.  - Choose a suitable mining pool and register in it. - To start mining on the processor, you need to create a file with the BAT extension (this is a regular file with the TXT extension, in which you need to change the extension to BAT). - For example, we took the nanopool pool . Therefore, the following should be written in the file: NsCpuCNMiner64.exe -o stratum + tcp: //xmr-eu1.nanopool.org: 14444-u Your Monero address -px -pow7 1 -t 2, where 2 is the number of threads for mining Monero. - We save the file and run. - Mining has started. Note that the number of threads should be selected based on the capabilities of your processor. Each thread requires about 2 MB of cache. For example, on Intel CPU i7-7700K, the total amount of cache memory is 8 MB. Accordingly, it makes no sense to run more than 4 threads if you plan to use your computer not only for mining, but also for normal use. Mining on a Xeon processor The Intel Xeon processor family is a server line of powerful CPU models known for reliability and performance.  In some cases, mining on Intel Xeon server processors is significantly ahead of the same activity on the Intel i7 and i9 desktop processor family. So, the server model Intel Xeon E5-2650 demonstrates a decent result for the CPU at 143 kH / s, while the desktop model Intel Core i7-3960X shows only 101 kH / s. For comparison: the Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti video card demonstrates a result of 52.5 Mh / s. Setting up a mining procedure on a server central processor is no different from setting up a desktop model. You need to launch the program's graphical interface, specify the necessary data there and start the mining process. How to choose a processor for mining Choosing a processor for mining, we are faced with two companies - AMD and Intel. And considering that the "red" ones have recently been releasing multi-threaded processors, they are the best choice for mining. But let's take a look at the CPUs from both companies:  Popular models of processors for mining  * Processor prices were taken based on Yandex.Market data ** Let's clarify that although AMD claims improved performance of the new line, in fact, it produces the same power when mining. And in the case of some algorithms, it is worse than previous models. *** The presented profitability and payback are calculated without taking into account the cost of electricity. **** Payback periods, like profitability, depend on the rate of cryptocurrencies and USD. It should also be borne in mind that new processors from Intel, the cost of which is significantly higher than 20,000 rubles, is not recommended for mining. First, the payback period is much more than two years. Secondly, all this time the processor must work, which means that there is a high risk of breakdown. And if you consider that in addition to the processor, you need the same powerful motherboard and cooling system, the new equipment will not pay off for sure.☝️Enthusiasts who are still mining on processors prefer to buy used equipment. In this case, it pays for itself about a year. If we talk about server processors, then mining on them is profitable only if they support encryption based on the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm. For example, even a new CPU that does not have built-in AES will have lower performance than an old Pentium or Intel i3, but with support for this function. How to choose a processor for mining cryptocurrencies in 2021 is described in detail in the video below (since 2020, the trends have not changed):https://www.youtube.com/embed/JZi3e_dG-18Mining on the processor 2021 Calculating the profitability of mining on the processor CPU mining calculators Calculators for mining on a processor provide information with a detailed calculation of the profitability of mining cryptocurrencies. As a rule, these are the same online platforms that calculate the cost of mining for video cards and ASICs. Based on certain algorithms and cryptocurrency quotes, these services calculate the profitability of mining in real time, that is, at the current rate of the cryptocurrency .  The services are arranged according to a simple principle: you enter the name of the model of the central processor, the cost of electricity in your region and get a calculation for the required cryptocurrencies, usually with detailed information about which of them is the most profitable at a given time period. A list of the most convenient calculators for mining on a processor is below. NiceHash Link to  calculator NiceHash An excellent mining calculator that initially provides calculations for the associated cloud mining service and marketplace with remote mining power trading. Simple, straightforward and convenient. The service supports as many as 24 algorithms.  As an example of using a mining calculator, we will calculate mining on two different central processors, two desktop ones from Intel and AMD and one server one using NiceHash calculator. We will take the best high performance models for the most up-to-date picture possible. First example: AMD's top central processor - AMD CPU Threadripper 1900X. As we can see, mining even on a very powerful processor, if it provides profitability , is very relative, especially against the background of the same indicators from video cards and ASICs. Second example: a central processor from Intel - Intel CPU i9-9980XE: The screenshot shows that in the case of even such a powerful processor, mining on central processors - if it has a profitability, it is very relative. My Crypto Buddy  An excellent calculator for mining cryptocurrency, also with the ability to calculate the complexity of mining, determine commissions from large mining pools. All of this data is provided to the user as part of an advanced approach in the original report. Link to  My Crypto Buddy calculator CryptoCompare Convenient and intuitive mining calculator. Provides users with only three fields, with the hashrate of the mining equipment, its power consumption and the price of electricity, by filling in which, users will receive the necessary information about the profitability of mining. Link to CryptoCompare calculator How to choose a program for mining on a processor Software for mining on processors Programs for mining on the processor act as an intermediary between the user's equipment, the mining pool and the blockchain of the selected cryptocurrency. It is worth choosing time-tested mining programs and downloading them only from an official resource, since third-party sources can provide the user with infected software for hidden mining . Reliable programs for mining on the central processor are described below.  Claymore's CryptoNote Windows CPU Miner An excellent mining client powered by the CryptoNote algorithm with a wide range of customization and no developer fees. The program provides all the possibilities for mining on the central processor for both desktop and server modifications. Download Link  Claymore's CryptoNote Windows CPU Miner XMRig miner This mining client provides standard options for setting up mining on the central processor. The program takes a commission of 5% from users by default, but if you set the donation level to 1, then the user's commission to the developer will be 1%. For successful work, you must provide the program with administrator access. XMRig miner also allows you to customize the number of threads for the CPU, which allows you to fine-tune your mining. However, it should be taken into account that each thread requires 2 MB of L2 cache, so not all mid-range processors such as Intel CPU i7-7700K will support the mode with more than 4 threads. XMRig miner download  link Mining on a processor and on video cards - the differences Mining on a processor and on video cards - the differences Probably one of the main differences between mining cryptocurrencies on a processor and video cards is too little profit or no profit at all. But at the same time, CPU mining is more affordable, since even average personal computers have a relatively good processor. The CPU is responsible for the software tasks that control all the components of a personal computer, laptop, or any other device. The processor, to some extent, manages all the components, makes decisions and issues commands to programs. The GPU, in turn, is responsible for processing graphics and displaying images on a monitor connected to a personal computer or other equipment. Unlike the CPU, the video card does not issue any commands, but, on the contrary, executes them. At the same time, video cards use a faster type of memory compared to processors, which in the context of mining means high bandwidth for parallel computing.☝️The CPU can run one or two threads per core, while the GPU bandwidth is in the thousands per multiprocessor. It turns out that even from a technical point of view, the difference between a processor and a video card is huge. And when it comes to mining, performance plays an important role. What cryptocurrencies are profitable to mine on a processor in 2021 What cryptocurrencies are profitable to mine on a processor in 2021 In 2020, mining cryptocurrency on a central processor is practically unprofitable due to the takeover of the mining industry by more productive ASICs and video cards for mining . Is it possible to mine on the Bitcoin processor?  Mining Bitcoin (BTC) cryptocurrency on a central processor is unprofitable due to the high complexity of the network and the work of a huge number of ASICs in it. An article on how to mine Bitcoin correctly and profitably Is it worth mining Ethereum on a processor Cryptocurrency Ethereum (ETH), as one of the most popular coins, is of great interest to miners, but like bitcoin, due to the high complexity of the network, it is unprofitable if it is mined on a central processor.   An article on how to mine Ethereum correctly and profitably  How to mine Monero on a processHow to mine Monero on a processoror How to mine Monero on a processor The anonymous cryptocurrency Monero (XMR) is also popular with miners, but unlike the first two, it can be mined on a central processor. Monero can be successfully mined on a CPU if the miner owns powerful processors of the Intel CPU i7-9750H or Intel CPU i9-9980XE level, and better in a sufficiently large quantity.☝️Also, do not forget about the need to connect your system to the mining pool, in solo mode, mining monero will simply be unprofitable The profitability of mining Dogecoin on a processor The Dogecoin (DOGE) cryptocurrency meme  can be mined until 2021, if the user has several central processors of the Intel CPU i9-9980XE level and is connected to the mining pool.  However, in 2021, due to the high level of hype around the Dogecoin cryptocurrency, mining it with a processor is unprofitable.  ☝️Read the full article: Dogecoin mining: is it profitable to do it? Is it possible to mine Zcash on a processor Another anonymous cryptocurrency, Zcash (ZEC) , is often used by hackers, but since it is accepted on a number of major cryptocurrency exchanges, it is also interesting for miners. However, its network complexity and market value is such that it is simply unprofitable to mine it on a central processor. Pros and cons of CPU mining Mining Rig Machine for Cryptocurrency Using Powerful Computer Graphic Cards Pros:On a powerful processor that allows you to both mine cryptocurrency and work in parallel, you can have a small passive income.You can try to mine a not very popular coin, but in larger quantities than the popular one. And if she ever "shoots", there is a chance to make a good profit. Minuses:To get at least some profit, you need a really good processor and preferably a multi-threaded one;In the case of expensive electricity, mining on most processors becomes unprofitable;Even if you purchased the most expensive and top-end processor, mining such coins as Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and other popular tokens will be unprofitable;Keeping track of the CPU is even better than the GPU farm. And if the processor burns out, the likelihood of the death of the motherboard is high. All this will cost a pretty penny. What is better to mine on: Processor in 2021 In 2020, mining on the central processor, mining of any known cryptocurrency will be either unprofitable or cost-effective on the verge. But as an option, it is possible to mine little-known cryptocurrencies, with their subsequent storage in the hope of selling them during the pump on the cryptocurrency exchange. However, it should be understood that some cryptocurrencies may remain in your wallet without the ability to exchange them for fiat money . This is due to both the lack of demand for such cryptocurrencies and the reluctance of cryptocurrency exchanges to list such coins. It is also worth saying that mining on a processor in 2020 is possible, but compared to video cards, and even more so with ASICs, it brings very little profit. Even the most powerful processor is inferior to the GPU. Depending on the number of cores, one processor core can process four 32-bit instructions per clock cycle (SSE) or eight 32-bit instructions per clock cycle (AVX). In turn, the video card is capable of processing 3200 32-bit instructions per clock. Thus, the performance of a GPU is hundreds of times higher than that of a CPU. Also, most blockchains use mechanisms for adapting computational complexity so that the time to find each block is constant. That is why, with the increase in computing power in the network, the difficulty of finding blocks also increases. In this regard, there are only a few cryptocurrencies, the mining of which on the CPU to bring at least some income. Such coins are optimized for mining on processors, which is associated with an increased level of network security. To a greater extent, these include coins operating on the CryptoNote scheme and CryptoNight algorithms (CryptoNightV7, CryptoNightV8, CryptoNightR, CryptoNightHeavy and others).☝️The most proven and well-known coin using these algorithms is the Monero cryptocurrency. Other algorithms on which it is theoretically possible to mine cryptocurrency using the CPU: - SHA-256 (little-known bitcoin forks ); - X11 ( Dash , Pura and others); - Ethash (Ethereum, Ethereum Classic and other ERC-20 coins ); - Scrypt (Litecoin, Dogecoin and others); - Equihash ( Zcash ). Attention! The complexity of the network of coins such as Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum and even Zcash has grown so much by 20202 that it practically does not allow for profit from mining on processors. Prospects for mining on the processor in 2021 To be honest, it is not impossible to call mining on a processor promising in 2020, but it is very difficult. Yes, when the cryptocurrency industry was just beginning its development, even Bitcoin was easily mined on the CPU. But with the development, this type of mining has almost completely lost its relevance. Especially with the advent of ASIC miners and FPGA devices. In Read the full article

[aalapdavjekar]

Law of the Blockchain

First published in April, 2018.

“Are you planning to follow a career in Magical Law, Miss Granger?” asked Scrimgeour. “No, I’m not,” retorted Hermione. “I’m hoping to do some good in the world!” ― J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

Almost ten years ago, Satoshi Nakamoto released a paramount document that blueprinted a strange new concept and currency called Bitcoin. Unlike traditional currencies, Bitcoin has no physical form, but is entirely digital, decentralized, and relies upon the mathematical principles of cryptography. The nine-page report evaluates and critiques orthodox systems of finance and goes on to lay a framework for a system of trust-less digital transactions.

Satoshi theorised a world without banks, and Bitcoin was his proof that this was possible.

However, what many failed to predict at the time was that this whitepaper would soon serve as the foundation for the emergence and proliferation of online services utilizing and combining cryptographic and decentralized technologies under the banner of blockchain protocol or decentralized ledger technology.

The public debate as to whether blockchain technology is mere hype or possesses genuine productive merit is a distinction that will ultimately be settled through the emerging possibilities and solutions emanating from the cryptosphere — this newfound, burgeoning tech has introduced many new concepts and words to the technological lexicon, pushing new and potentially disruptive ideas to the verge of global significance. Perhaps we are at the horizon of a swift and necessary evolution of the archaic arms of industry all the way from finance, real-estate and healthcare, to transportation and government.

Here we focus on one such possibility surrounding the implications of decentralization: the upcoming convergence between traditional and newer systems of jurisdiction, all of which center around the blockchain.

Taking Out the Middleman

The Paul Bergrins, John Merritts, Joseph Caramadres, and Jeffrey Wertkins of the world have made a radical series of headlines using the criminal justice system as a basis for publicity and notoriety, largely because between criminal action and judicial consequences exists a chasm of sluggish bureaucracy, permitting these scandals to carry on for months, and as in the case of Bergin, sometimes years. The cracks in the old model only encourage the opportunist with intimate knowledge of the system to take advantage and remain in the shadows until fate says otherwise. And then there are many others like them, the rusted cogs in the machine, invisible due to circumstance, perspicacity, or both.

The grimacing thought of a justice system rife with irony has established a popular desire to bring about changes that may lead to a shift in arrangement between commoner and practitioner of law that is less opaque, arcane, and lethargic, or in the case of blockchain and smart-contract-based legal processes, completely unnecessary. Smart-contracts may be thought of as an agreement written in code (if so-and-so conditions are met, then execute so-and-so instructions), and enable parties to pursue business interests, proffer deals, receive payments, settle disputes etc., without the need for a legal intermediary.

To understand how this might work, let us take the example of a worker, Bob. Bob’s client, Alice, has asked Bob to deliver 12 boxes of goods to a warehouse 200 miles away. Once Bob completes the task, he will be paid. Alice has stipulated a time of 2 days for the delivery but offers a bonus if the delivery happens within a day.

Due to Alice and Bob’s newfound interest in programmable smart contracts, Alice quickly writes a program that will release a payment to Bob upon completion of this task. A simplified version of this program might look like this:

1. IF the 12 boxes of goods have reached the desired location AND 2. Delivery has occurred within 24 hours of signing contract, THEN release Payment + Bonus ELSE 3. IF delivery has occurred within 48 hours of signing contract, then release Payment

The contract is then added to the blockchain and signed by both parties. Alice uses GPS technology to track the shipment. If all things work out, Bob receives his payment automatically once the conditions have been met.

In the same way Bitcoin has eliminated the need for banks and middlemen, smart-contracts do away with the requirement for legal entities such as lawyers; however, we must also consider the fact that smart-contracts are prone to violation. Despite all the attention and hype, it is important to acknowledge their limitations present within the smart-contract and blockchain model. In their present state, smart contracts represent a more sophisticated way of forming incomplete contracts, meaning their terms and conditions, much like traditional contracts, may not necessarily be programmed to include all possibilities arising out of a particular situation or agreement.

For example, what if Bob has a problem while delivering the boxes? What if the delivery location provided by Alice turns out to be incorrect, or the GPS system used by Alice fails to work? What if Bob’s delivery truck meets with an accident preventing Bob from finishing the assigned task in time? Suppose Alice refuses to pay Bob for his failure in achieving the desired outcome, however genuine Bob’s excuse may have been, would there be a way for Bob to receive any sort of justice without resorting to a traditional legal system?

As far as the execution of smart-governance is concerned, an electronic system of arbitration or a system for the resolution of disputes through a trust-less medium seems of utmost importance and almost central to the idea of reducing transaction costs in an organization, market, judicial system, or broadly speaking, the global economy.

In our example, Bob had the knowledge and foresight to add an additional clause to Alice’s contract stipulating an arbitrator that may handle the case if things did not go according to plan. Such a clause for arbitration enables Bob to electronically issue a small bond, or payment, to leverage the help of a predetermined anonymous arbitrator (a person, or service) who goes over the case and selects a winner in whose favour the smart-contract would ultimately execute. If either Alice or Bob are not satisfied with the outcome, they may issue a further, more expensive bond to seek another session of arbitration.

What’s the verdict?

Services such as Kleros and Aragon offer “a decentralized court system allowing arbitration of smart contracts by crowdsourced jurors relying on economic incentives”. A very specific service dedicated to decentralized jurisdiction may eventually witness its applications in a variety of fields ranging from social networks to insurance.

The word blockchain is often construed to be synonymous with transparent. To that effect, many industries whose survival and success lay intertwined with such a characteristic will naturally gravitate towards it. The Industry of Justice, much like its counterparts in commerce, transportation, entertainment, government, and so on, would benefit immensely from the value brought forth by the blockchain.

With all that said, we must always keep in mind that the survival of old institutions depend on the survival of old systems. To paraphrase Planck, no progress may come without funerals. The disruption to hegemony won’t leave everyone happy, but Hermione will have at last had the opportunity to do good.

[mexckk]

MEXC Global Research: Smart Contract Platform in the Polkadot Ecosystem, Clover Finance（CLV）

I. Project Introduction

Clover is a smart contract platform based on the Polkadot Ecosystem’s Substrate. It provides an easy-to-use and interoperable blockchain-based infrastructure by being compatible with Ethereum’s EVM-based applications and various development tools, thereby reducing developers’ development threshold and cost.

Clover’s Core Features:

1. EVM compatibility. Based on Substrate’s EVM implementation, existing smart contracts can migrate to Clover with only simple changes. Developers on Ethereum only need to copy the original DApp and use familiar tools for migration.

2. Cross-chain SPV technology (interoperability). Clover uses its built-in SVP Simulation Technology to check Bitcoin or Ethernet transactions locally without needing to store them or check the external history of the entire blockchain, allowing trustless two-ways pegs between Bitcoin and Ethereum.

3. Frictionless trading. Clover allows the relayers to trade on behalf of the sender and can use any other asset as the base asset to pay gas. In other words, in Clover’s system, a trader can pay gas directly using the assets that are being traded.

4. Incentive mechanism. Clover’s unique incentive mechanism creates passive income for contract developers. Clover sets the gas distribution model parameters to send the gas fee directly to the network maintainers and DApp builders. This is conducive to promoting the development of external DApps, ultimately promoting Clover and Polkadot’s DeFi ecosystem.

Clover Finance is essentially a blockchain-based smart contract operating system, including a storage layer, smart contract layer, DeFi protocol layer, and eApp layer. The system architecture is as follows:

Storage layer: The storage protocol layer supports distributed storage of DApp data. Currently, the supported protocols are IPFS, AR, and CRUST.

Smart Contract Layer: Supports one-stop cross-chain deployment and DApp calls. Clover provides a Web3-compatible API, while existing Web3 DApps can migrate to Clover without making any changes.

DeFi protocol layer: Supports various basic DeFi protocols such as swapping, lending, insurance and provides a platform on which developers can build their own DeFi protocols. Clover also provides a drag-drop smart contract compiler that is easy to use, faultless and compiles into WASM.

eApp layer: Supports the evolution from DApp to eApp. Developers can build and deploy their eApps on Clover without requiring machines, domain names, or network bandwidth.

Clover Wallet

1. Clover wallets connect multiple public chains simultaneously without switching between multi-chain networks to view multi-chain assets.

2. DeFi users can connect to blockchains such as Ethereum, Polkadot, Kusama, Binance Smart Chain, Avalanche, Fantom and seamlessly transact with the Clover Wallet Extension Interface.

3. The Clover CLV token is cross-chain compatible because of its unique account binding mechanism, which binds the EVM-based Clover address and Polkadot-based Clover address together. This allows users to interact with both Ethereum DApps and Polkadot DApps using the same account and use both chains simultaneously.

II. Tokenomics

The total supply of CLV is 1 billion tokens, with 120 million tokens in circulation.​

15% for public sale, split into three sales

2.5% for private sale, 18-month vesting

10% allocated to early backers, 36-months vesting

10% assigned to the team, 36-months vesting

7.5% for marketing, 36-months vesting

40% for Ecosystem and Parachain offering, 36-months vesting

12% allocated to the Foundation, 36-months vesting

3% for contributor grant, 36-month vesting

III. Financing Situation

Seed Round

Clover Finance completed a $3 million seed round in February with investors such as Polychain, Hypersphere, Bithumb Global, and Divergence Ventures.

Public Sale

From April 21 to 23, Clover Finance completed a $38.85 million USD public sale on CoinList, selling 150 million CLVs, of which:

For the first phase, a total of 75 million tokens were sold at the unit price of $0.2 USD per token. The lock-up period was 12 months. The tokens will be released in six months from April 24, 2021;

For the second phase, 40 million tokens were sold at the unit price of $0.29 USD per token, and the lock-up period was six months. The tokens will be released in six months from October 24, 2021;

For the third phase, a total of 35 million pieces were sold at the unit price of $0.35 USD per token, and the lock-up period was 40 days. All of them have been released.

According to the CoinList, before the public sale, the average price that Clover’s early backers paid for was $0.06 USD per token which raised a total of $6 million USD in funding; CLV’s price in the private sale was $0.2 USD per token, which raised a total of $5 million USD in funding.

IV. Application Scenario Analysis

The practical scenarios of CLV come from:

1. Payment of transaction fees

2. Staking

3. Node operation

4. Community and ecosystem governance

5. Obtain rewards from using the platform

CLV’s selling pressure comes from:

1. Unlocking of private and public sales

2. Possible unlocking and cash-out by the team and the Foundation

3. Unlocking of early backers and contributors

[mexcexchangenews]

MEXC Global Research: Smart Contract Platform in the Polkadot Ecosystem, Clover Finance（CLV）

I. Project Introduction

Clover is a smart contract platform based on the Polkadot Ecosystem’s Substrate. It provides an easy-to-use and interoperable blockchain-based infrastructure by being compatible with Ethereum’s EVM-based applications and various development tools, thereby reducing developers’ development threshold and cost.

Clover’s Core Features:

1. EVM compatibility. Based on Substrate’s EVM implementation, existing smart contracts can migrate to Clover with only simple changes. Developers on Ethereum only need to copy the original DApp and use familiar tools for migration.

2. Cross-chain SPV technology (interoperability). Clover uses its built-in SVP Simulation Technology to check Bitcoin or Ethernet transactions locally without needing to store them or check the external history of the entire blockchain, allowing trustless two-ways pegs between Bitcoin and Ethereum.

3. Frictionless trading. Clover allows the relayers to trade on behalf of the sender and can use any other asset as the base asset to pay gas. In other words, in Clover’s system, a trader can pay gas directly using the assets that are being traded.

4. Incentive mechanism. Clover’s unique incentive mechanism creates passive income for contract developers. Clover sets the gas distribution model parameters to send the gas fee directly to the network maintainers and DApp builders. This is conducive to promoting the development of external DApps, ultimately promoting Clover and Polkadot’s DeFi ecosystem.

Clover Finance is essentially a blockchain-based smart contract operating system, including a storage layer, smart contract layer, DeFi protocol layer, and eApp layer. The system architecture is as follows:

Storage layer: The storage protocol layer supports distributed storage of DApp data. Currently, the supported protocols are IPFS, AR, and CRUST.

Smart Contract Layer: Supports one-stop cross-chain deployment and DApp calls. Clover provides a Web3-compatible API, while existing Web3 DApps can migrate to Clover without making any changes.

DeFi protocol layer: Supports various basic DeFi protocols such as swapping, lending, insurance and provides a platform on which developers can build their own DeFi protocols. Clover also provides a drag-drop smart contract compiler that is easy to use, faultless and compiles into WASM.

eApp layer: Supports the evolution from DApp to eApp. Developers can build and deploy their eApps on Clover without requiring machines, domain names, or network bandwidth.

Clover Wallet

1. Clover wallets connect multiple public chains simultaneously without switching between multi-chain networks to view multi-chain assets.

2. DeFi users can connect to blockchains such as Ethereum, Polkadot, Kusama, Binance Smart Chain, Avalanche, Fantom and seamlessly transact with the Clover Wallet Extension Interface.

3. The Clover CLV token is cross-chain compatible because of its unique account binding mechanism, which binds the EVM-based Clover address and Polkadot-based Clover address together. This allows users to interact with both Ethereum DApps and Polkadot DApps using the same account and use both chains simultaneously.

II. Tokenomics

The total supply of CLV is 1 billion tokens, with 120 million tokens in circulation.

​

15% for public sale, split into three sales

2.5% for private sale, 18-month vesting

10% allocated to early backers, 36-months vesting

10% assigned to the team, 36-months vesting

7.5% for marketing, 36-months vesting

40% for Ecosystem and Parachain offering, 36-months vesting

12% allocated to the Foundation, 36-months vesting

3% for contributor grant, 36-month vesting

III. Financing Situation

Seed Round

Clover Finance completed a $3 million seed round in February with investors such as Polychain, Hypersphere, Bithumb Global, and Divergence Ventures.

Public Sale

From April 21 to 23, Clover Finance completed a $38.85 million USD public sale on CoinList, selling 150 million CLVs, of which:

For the first phase, a total of 75 million tokens were sold at the unit price of $0.2 USD per token. The lock-up period was 12 months. The tokens will be released in six months from April 24, 2021;

For the second phase, 40 million tokens were sold at the unit price of $0.29 USD per token, and the lock-up period was six months. The tokens will be released in six months from October 24, 2021;

For the third phase, a total of 35 million pieces were sold at the unit price of $0.35 USD per token, and the lock-up period was 40 days. All of them have been released.

According to the CoinList, before the public sale, the average price that Clover’s early backers paid for was $0.06 USD per token which raised a total of $6 million USD in funding; CLV’s price in the private sale was $0.2 USD per token, which raised a total of $5 million USD in funding.

IV. Application Scenario Analysis

The practical scenarios of CLV come from:

1. Payment of transaction fees

2. Staking

3. Node operation

4. Community and ecosystem governance

5. Obtain rewards from using the platform

CLV’s selling pressure comes from:

1. Unlocking of private and public sales

2. Possible unlocking and cash-out by the team and the Foundation

3. Unlocking of early backers and contributors

[blockchainca]

Tips to Choose The Best Blockchain Development Company

Tips to Choose The Best Smart Contract Development California Blockchain is a popular technology that has made data management more efficient and cost-effective. Blockchain is a great technology that has many benefits.

Blockchain technology is extremely difficult to hack. It has revolutionized the way we keep records. Blockchain ledgers can record all types of transactions, from medical to cryptocurrency.

These are very similar to a huge Google Doc. Blockchain technology is gaining popularity in many sectors, which has resulted in large investments. Statista estimates that blockchain programming will cost around 12 billion dollars by 2022.

Although this may seem like a positive picture, the reality isn't that bright for every company that has dreamed of using blockchain technology to grow. Many small and large-scale businesses have suffered financial losses after investing in blockchain technology.

The China Academy of Information and Communication Technology, (CAICT) claims that only 8% of the 80 million blockchain projects created up to now are still active. The average lifespan of blockchain projects was also stated to be just 1.22 years.

There are many failures by businessmen in blockchain. Nearly all businesses today have the goal of establishing a successful blockchain project in order to reap the benefits of this emerging technology.

What loophole is there in this entire situation? Why is it that most blockchain projects fail? What is it about the customer base or the technology? Poor development is the main drawback in such projects, according to my experience.

It is easy to find a Blockchain developer in this age, but it can be difficult to find a competent blockchain engineer. Are you unsure of what a blockchain developer should have?

Everyone should be aware of the obvious: good reputation, cost-effective rates and years of experience are all things to look out for. These are some of the tips I will share with you that most people don't follow, but should.

These are our top tips for choosing the best company to develop blockchain apps:

1. Get a clear view of your blockchain project

Blockchain technology is complex and difficult to grasp. To plan a successful Blockchain project, you will need to research this technology and its applications.

Before you contact any blockchain engineer, it is important to clarify your vision and strategy. Only then will you be able communicate with them your requirements.

2. Choose a company that offers consulting services for blockchain development

After you have completed the first step, you will need to seek expert advice to help you get your project in a better place.

Many companies offering blockchain programming services do not have the staff available to provide consultation. Make sure you choose a company that offers consultation services.

3. Choose a company that supports agile development

Software projects used to be developed on a fixed model basis. Clients had very specific requirements that could be met through prototyping. You need a partner who is open to agile development in modern times.

The services of agile blockchain app development allow for the requirements and solutions to evolve over time. Blockchain software will not all be delivered at once. Instead, it will be developed in steps over a gradual process.

4.Find a company that develops blockchain technology and assigns a dedicated team

What about a team who is responsible for multiple projects? Each time they meet your goals, you will need to remind them. You should avoid these situations by choosing a company with a dedicated team.

To provide a complete client experience, a full-stack team includes blockchain developers, testers, and quality analysts. These teams are experts in the various business niches of blockchain development.

Ending:

Blockchain technology is rapidly growing and is drawing investments from many businesspeople. This is why offering services does not show expertise.

To ensure optimal outcomes, you need to make sure that you choose the best company to develop blockchain apps. To avoid any repercussions, you can follow the tips above.

In the comments section, you can share your experiences and thoughts with developers of blockchain apps. We will use this information to help you find new and important tips.

[sandlerresearch]

5G Enterprise Market by Network Type (Hybrid Network, Private Network), Operator Model, Infrastructure, Spectrum, Frequency Band, Organization Size, Application, Vertical, Region - Global Forecast to 2027 published on

https://www.sandlerresearch.org/5g-enterprise-market-by-network-type-hybrid-network-private-network-operator-model-infrastructure-spectrum-frequency-band-organization-size-application-vertical-region-global-forecast-to.html

5G Enterprise Market by Network Type (Hybrid Network, Private Network), Operator Model, Infrastructure, Spectrum, Frequency Band, Organization Size, Application, Vertical, Region - Global Forecast to 2027

“5G enterprise market projected to grow at 31.8% CAGR during 2021–2027”

The 5G enterprise market is expected to grow from USD 2.1 billion in 2021 to USD 10.9 billion by 2027, at a CAGR of 31.8%. A few major factors driving the growth of this market are the emergence of Industry 4.0 paving the way for mMTC, the development of smart infrastructure, and the delivery of differentiated 5G services using network slicing technique. The critical challenge faced by the market players is the requirement of the high spending capability of carriers to set up a 5G infrastructure. Similarly, the adoption of Wi-Fi communication technology by enterprises and security concerns in the 5G core network are the major factors hindering the market growth. Low latency connectivity with uRLLC and increasing demand for private networks from various enterprises and government organizations for mission-critical applications. Despite the market being in the infancy stage, a lot of research is being conducted in the market.

Hybrid network segment is attributed to hold the largest share of the 5G enterprise market

Hybrid network is expected to hold a major market share owing to the growing number of users because of the high speed and time-share connectivity offered by 5G technology.

Private networks to witness the highest growth in 5G enterprise market in coming years

Private enterprises are expected to witness a higher CAGR in the coming years. Adopting technologies such as private 5G networks and small cells by enterprises for business-critical applications is increasing. Since it provides the enterprises with reliability and coverage, enterprises adopt 5G core network technologies by deploying standalone solutions.

Access equipment accounted for a larger share of the 5G enterprise market

Access equipment accounted for a larger share of the 5G enterprise market owing to the constantly increasing demand for better network connectivity and high-speed data transfer rate, which is fulfilled by 5G enterprise networks.

Unlicensed/shared spectrum is expected to gain traction during the forecast period

Unlicensed/shared spectrum is expected to gain traction in the coming years as it permits the use of spectrum with approved equipment without a license from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Also, users need not have to coordinated among themselves while using the network. 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) and 5 GHz Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) are the well-known standards through which Wi-Fi typically operates. This spectrum can provide significant capacity boosts for commercial networks without the need for wireless service providers (WSPs) to acquire licenses by themselves.

Sub-6 GHz is attributed to hold major share of 5G enterprise market during the forecast period

Sub-6 GHz held a larger market share in 2020 as it offers an amalgamation of coverage and capacity benefits to 5G users. The Sub-6 GHz spectrum is needed for extensive coverage of high-speed 5G mobile broadband across urban, suburban, and rural areas, as well as help support IoT services. It is essential that regulators assign as much coherent spectrum as possible in the 3.3–3.8 GHz range and consider the 4.5–5 GHz and 3.8–4.2 GHz ranges for mobile use.

Small and medium-sized enterprises are projected to witness highest CAGR for the forecasted period

Small and medium-sized enterprises are projected to witness highest CAGR for the forecasted period as they are intended to adopt 5G enterprise networks at a larger scale in coming years to enhance their business functionality by having a unified solution that would allow the management (provisioning, monitoring, and control) of the entire distributed set of networks with limited resources.

Communication applications held the largest market size in 2020

Communication applications held the largest market size owing to the successful commercialization of 5G networks worldwide and the growing adoption of the 5G network owing to its dynamic features such as high data rates and low latency.

Healthcare is expected to witness the highest CAGR during the forecast period

Healthcare is expected to witness the highest CAGR during the forecast period owing to the surging number of use cases and applications of 5G networks in the telemedicine market. For the healthcare sector, the 5G network infrastructure facilitates HD video calls and images. 5G network works at high speed; in other words, it has low latency time, which is an essential requirement of healthcare institutions, hospitals, and life science research centers for multiple applications and use cases, such as connected health devices, mHealth, and telemedicine, thereby enabling interaction between patients, doctors, medical experts, and scientists that are present at remote locations, as well as share digital images wirelessly from any site.

APAC is attributed to hold major share of 5G enterprise market throughout the forecast period

APAC is a diversified region with its countries transitioning toward their digital transformation. The region is set to dominate 5G, edge computing, blockchain, and 5G core technologies owing to its size and diversity, as well as due to strategic lead taken by countries, including Singapore, South Korea, China, Australia, and Japan. Japan and China are the largest manufacturing economies that produce automobiles, IT products, and electronic products in APAC. The manufacturing paradigm has changed considerably in APAC, with industries adopting advanced technologies, such as robotics and big data analytics. South Korea, China, and Japan are the prime countries in the region that have started several 5G-related activities.

The break-up of primary participants for the report has been shown below:

By Company Type: Tier 1 – 18%, Tier 2 – 22%, and Tier 3 – 60%

By Designation: C-level Executives – 21%, Manager Level – 35%, and Others – 44%

By Region: North America – 45%, Europe – 38%, APAC – 12%, and RoW – 5%

The 5G enterprise market was dominated by Huawei (China), Ericsson (Sweden), Nokia Networks (Finland), Samsung (South Korea), and ZTE (China).

Research Coverage:

This research report categorizes the 5G enterprise based on network type, operator model, infrastructure, spectrum, frequency band, organization size, application, and vertical and region. The report describes the major drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities pertaining to the 5G enterprise market and forecasts the same till 2027.

Key Benefits of Buying the Report

The report would help leaders/new entrants in this market in the following ways:

This report segments the 5G enterprise market comprehensively and provides the closest market size projection for all subsegments across different regions.

The report helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the market and provides them with information on key drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities for market growth.

This report would help stakeholders understand their competitors better and gain more insights to improve their position in the business. The competitive landscape section includes product launches and developments, partnerships, and expansions.

This report would help understand the post-COVID-19 scenarios as to how would the penetration of 5G enterprise will look like for the forecast period. The region segment includes the country wise analysis of COVID-19 and initiatives taken to overcome these impacts.

[thedatasciencehyderabad]

AI, Machine & Deep Learning Training Institute In Hyderabad

360DigiTMG envisions to fill the hole of expert expertise in analytics, Data Science and machine studying and provide greatest profession opportunities for tech enthusiasts. It supplies learners with classroom training, workshops, consulting, mentoring sessions and hiring options to supply the most effective studying expertise. 360DigiTMG is one of India’s leading Data Science coaching institutes, providing training in analytics, Data Science, machine studying, AI & huge information globally. It has trained over 10,000 professionals in 25 international locations in these areas. It is an IIM-IIT-ISI alumni enterprise for constructing capabilities in Data Science & AI and works with over 75 main corporations including Fortune 100 firms.

Our self-paced training costs about ₹15,048, while our on-line instructor-led training for a similar costs ₹22,743. It was a wonderful experience becoming a member of this Data Science course at 360DigiTMG. According to me, for studying cutting-edge applied sciences, 360DigiTMG is the proper place. I signed up for 360DigiTMG's Data science course on-line certification once I realized that it is an excellent spot for learning new applied sciences. 360DigiTMG’s course completion certificates will be awarded to you when you complete the project work and rating a minimum of 60 % marks within the quiz.

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[crypto4all]

Chinese Government Advisers Propose Regional Stablecoin for 4 Asian Countries

Top Chinese political advisers have proposed a regional digital currency that would be backed by four major Asian currencies including the Japanese yen, Korean won, Hong Kong dollar and the yuan.  The proposal unveiled Thursday describes the currency as a “stablecoin,” a term for cryptocurrencies designed to hold their value and backed by a reserve currency, although it does not explicitly mention crypto or blockchains. The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) would lead the proposed effort. The basket of underlying collateral would follow the special drawing rights (SDR) model of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), where each country’s currency is assigned a different weight based on its economy. As such, the proposal resembles the original vision for libra, before that Facebook-spawned project watered down its plans and pivoted to developing digital versions of individual fiat currencies. (The Libra Association recently welcomed Singapore investment company Temasek as its first state-owned entity member.) The proposed stablecoin would help facilitate trade among the four countries, which is key to economic recovery in the region after coronavirus, its proponents said. It would do so by improving cross-border settlement and clearing services with a new payment network and digital wallet for enterprises.  Read more: Chinese City Known for Bitcoin Mining Seeks Blockchain Firms to Burn Excess Hydropower Neil Shen, founding and managing partner of Sequoia China and a member of China’s upper house, presented the proposal to Chinese legislators during the Two Sessions, the country’s largest annual political gathering.   Nine other advisers who are also upper house members, including Kennedy Wong, a solicitor of the Supreme Court of Hong Kong, former chief secretary of Hong Kong Henry Tang and Hong Kong-based Chinese billionaire Songqiao Zhang, co-signed the proposal. Shen attended the first session of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (PCC) on Thursday. The PCC is essentially an advisory upper house where a range of organizations and independent members help the government make national-level decisions. This meeting will be followed by plenary sessions of the National People’s Congress (NPC) starting Friday and lasting for about two weeks.  Proposals out of the PCC do not tend to have the same level of influence as the more concrete bills discussed in the NPC because the bills will yield significant changes in laws and regulations.  However, in this case the proposal might have some sticking power. California-based Sequoia Capital, Sequoia China’s parent, is one of the few big-name VC firms that have ventured into crypto. It invested in $10 million in one of the largest global crypto exchanges by volume, Huobi Group, when it was based in China in 2014. (Huobi Group is now based in Singapore.) It also invested in Nervos and Conflux via private token sales. Both these startups have collaborated with China’s state-owned entities to develop blockchain technologies.  The stablecoin proposal also suggests creating a regulatory sandbox and scaling up the system in Hong Kong over time to improve cross-border payment services between the four countries.  Read more: Meet Red Date, the Little-Known Tech Firm Behind China’s Big Blockchain Vision Led and supervised by the PBOC, companies from private sectors would launch the stablecoin and develop the project with the latest financial technologies. Enterprise users would be able to store the coins in a digital wallet and deposit cash at a custodian as reserves to back their stablecoins, according to the proposal.  The Hong Kong Monetary Authority and PBOC can create a framework to regulate the stablecoin’s cross-border transactions, manage risks and discourage money laundering, the proposal said.  The stablecoin could be launched ahead of China’s national digital currency and pave the way for its rollout by testing use cases to identify potential risks and technical problems. If launched, the stablecoin could be “seamlessly” connected with the digital yuan, the proposal said.  The proposal stresses Hong Kong is one of the most important financial gateways that connect mainland China to the other Asian countries, with over 70% of cross-border renminbi payment processed in the city.  Hong Kong could be the most favorable jurisdiction for such a regional stablecoin. The Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission created a licensing system to regulate virtual assets transactions and trading platforms in November.   Among the first 12 entities awarded with the license are Tencent’s WeBank; Alibaba’s fintech arm Ant Financial; Infinium Limited, a joint venture that includes Tencent, Industrial and Commerce Bank of China (ICBC) and other two Hong Kong-based institutional investors; and SC Digital Solutions Limited, whose 65 percent stake is owned by Standard & Chartered Bank.  Read more: Starbucks, McDonald’s Among 19 Firms to Test China’s Digital Yuan: Report On the other end, the PBOC and the top Chinese financial watchdog, the China Securities and Regulatory Commission (CSRC), recently put forward a slew of new measures to reform the financial system in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and encourage blockchain applications for improving international financial services in this area.  In 2017, the Chinese government came up with an initiative to further integrate the Guangdong province with Hong Kong and Macau in a bid to build stronger financial connections between these cities and the mainland. The initiative encourages banks in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) to have a regional network and operate in a more interconnected financial system.   Disclosure Read More The leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups. Read the full article