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#BJU Housing
wutbju · 10 months
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That little driveway there off of East North street in 1955 has always intrigued me.
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It's a big house. And I lived right near that spot from 1992-1996. Who was there? What's their story?
Victor Daniel Gifford was the son of a horse farmer and a horse farmer himself. That spot there (what is now Profs Place and Tassel Trail on BJU's back campus) was Victor's farm. He called it Oakledge Farms.
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He judged horse shows and participated in them. He boarded horses and bred them. The horse that the Greenville News talked about the most was named "Genius."
He and his wife Lucy had one daughter, Angeline Rita Gifford, who spent at least one year up at Wheaton.
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Victor's wife, Lucy Wright Gifford, had been an invalid for 14 years after a hip fracture when she died at 81 years old in 1965. She was just a few months older than Bob Jones, Sr., btw. Yet officially he officiated her funeral with her pastor, Walt Handford (John R. Rice's son-in-law).
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Bob Sr.'s inclusion had to be a mere formality because, according to faculty stories, he was pretty infirmed by this point.
Yet...
Right after Lucy died with Bob Sr., BJU put Mr. Gifford on the Co-operating Board of Trustees.
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There's only one reason that happens: control.
And usually financial control.
Mr. Gifford was 82yo himself at this point.
When he died, his daughter Rita inherited that property. But get this.
Rita Gifford didn't sell that property to BJU until November 6, 1998! She lived out in Simpsonville at this time.
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So from at least 1970 to 1998, BJU just leased this land.
They built on it. They charged rent for houses on it. They put barbed wire around it.
And it wasn't theirs. Personally, this surprises me. I had no idea BJU didn't own the land they were charging me rent for.
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collegeofministry · 4 years
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A Book Review: The Fifty Years' Ministry of an Ordinary But Remarkable Man: Called, Chosen, Faithful
Laying out and a Book Review
 Laying out a history gives practice of this significant pre-composing, perception and study ability. Marilyn Alexander composed of her better half, Jeffrey Alexander's Fifty Years of Ministry to illuminate his family, companions and others of how God has utilized this man for a very long time.
 When training understudies to diagram incorporate a prologue to MS Word or other word processor's laying out highlight. For amateurs utilizing the section titles and different headings give an incredible presentation. Afterward, you ought to require more itemized data. Likewise, sooner or later an understudy should encounter utilizing equal design in the framework. Marilyn Alexander gave instances of equal design in her headings as similar grammatical forms show up in an example. Rehashing words and expressions work in traces.
 The Fifty Years' Ministry of an Ordinary yet Remarkable Man:
 Called, Chosen, Faithful
 By Marilyn Alexander
 I. Section One - Called
 A. Part One - Called to Salvation Through "Call-ege" # 1 1943-1962
 1. Brought into the world on October 25, 1943 in Denver, Colorado to Alex and Verdonna Alexander.
 2. Called to Salvation - at age 6 of every an American Sunday School Union Sunday School held at a primary school in what is currently Lakewood, Colorado.
 3. Called to Conviction - His dad showed conviction when contrasting the instructing of God's statement and what he heard at a denominational church. His dad drove the family to South Sheridan Baptist Church (SSBC). Under the service of Ed Nelson, God called Jeff to lecture.
 4. Called to "Call-ege" #1 - Ed Nelson urged Jeff to go to Bob Jones University in Greenville, South Carolina. God gave the accounts to the initial semester through his work at a store and a distribution center man for the late spring. Further, God provided for the second semester with a blessing from a family that had set aside an amount of cash and had offered it to the Lord.
 5. Called to Serve Servicemen - Jeff accepted each open door for service during his school days and past. On one event he went to the Christian Servicemen's Center in Augusta, Georgia. Here he lectured his subsequent message and God shielded them from a plausible deadly impact with a train on their way back to grounds.
 6. Called to Preach - Jeff got his first permit to lecture on June 1, 1962 for a multi month summer service with Gospel Fellowship Mission.
 B. Part Two - Called to "Call-ege" # 2 - 1962-1963
 1. Urged to learn at Baptist Bible College of Ministry - Summer Ministry didn't give funds to one more year at BJU. New authority added to Jeff's advantage in BBC - New president - Jack Hyles and new VP - Ed Nelson. This authority endured just a single year.
 2. Called to the Candy Kitchen - Jeff worked around evening time at Russel Stover Candies and went to classes at Baptist Bible College during the day. He inhabited home.
 3. Called to Artistry - Jeff started to utilize his imaginative capacities at territory holy places doing chalk workmanship and lecturing.
 4. Called to Sugar City - SSBC authorized Jeff for a late spring service.
 C. Section Three - Called to Sugar City - 1963
 1. Called to an unassuming community in southeastern Colorado - Jeff went to administrations in Crowley and lectured in Sugar City on Sunday evenings. Individuals came from Crowley and Ordway.
 2. Called to confide in God for arrangements - a spot to remain, a fridge, food, assist with the vehicle.
 D. Section Four - Called to "Call-ege" # 3
 1. Called to Pillsbury Baptist Bible College (PBBC) in Minnesota - urged to pass by Ed Nelson and Dr. Monroe Parker (from PBBC) - little school, a lot of freedoms to serve the Lord.
 2. Called and Using His Car - Jeff offered his old vehicle to pay for school costs. His father gave him the family vehicle. Before long God was utilizing that vehicle to get Jeff and others to service tasks.
 3. Called to More Preaching - Chicago and different urban communities in Illinois, other region houses of worship.
 4. Called to Do More Art Work - In his proclaiming openings just as for school dramatization creations.
 5. Called to Use Other Talents - parts in plays and silly talks.
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aliceviceroy · 6 years
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Rachael Denhollander’s college-aged abuser began grooming her when she was 7. Each week, as Denhollander left Sunday school at Westwood Baptist Church in Kalamazoo, Mich., he was there to walk her to her parents’ Bible-study classroom on the other side of the building. He brought Denhollander gifts and asked her parents for her clothing size so he could buy her dresses. He was always a little too eager with a hug. The Denhollanders led one of the church’s ministries out of their home, which meant the man would visit their house regularly, often encouraging Rachael to sit on his lap, they recalled.
The man’s behavior caught the attention of a fellow congregant, who informed Sandy Burdick, a licensed counselor who led the church’s sexual-abuse support group. Burdick says she warned Denhollander’s parents that the man was showing classic signs of grooming behavior. They were worried, but they also feared misreading the situation and falsely accusing an innocent student, according to Camille Moxon, Denhollander’s mom. So they turned to their closest friends, their Bible-study group, for support.
The overwhelming response was: You’re overreacting. One family even told them that their kids could no longer play together, because they didn’t want to be accused next, Moxon says. Hearing this, Denhollander’s parents decided that, unless the college student committed an aggressive, sexual act, there was nothing they could do.
No one knew that, months earlier, he already had.
One night, while sitting in the family’s living room, surrounded by people, the college student masturbated while Denhollander sat on his lap, she recalls. It wasn’t until two years later that she was able to articulate to her parents what had happened. By that point, the student had left the church. Moxon was furious that her church community hadn’t listened. But she never told anyone what had happened to Rachael. “We had already tried once and weren’t believed,” Moxon says. “What was the point?”
Today, Denhollander can see how her church, which has since shut down, failed to protect her. But as a child, all she knew from her parents was that her abuse had made their church mad and that she wasn’t able to play with some of her friends. She blamed herself — and resolved that, if anyone else ever abused her, she wouldn’t mention it.
And so when Larry Nassar used his prestige as a doctor for the USA Gymnastics program to sexually assault Denhollander, she held to her vow. She wouldn’t put her family through something like that again. Her church had made it clear: No one believes victims.
Across the United States, evangelical churches are failing to protect victims of sexual abuse among their members. As the #MeToo movement has swept into communities of faith, several high-profile leaders have fallen: Paige Patterson, the president of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, was forced into early retirement this month after reports that he’d told a rape victim to forgive her assailant rather than call the police. Illinois megachurch pastor Bill Hybels similarly retired early after several women said he’d dispensed lewd comments, unwanted kisses and invitations to hotel rooms.
So many Christian churches in the United States do so much good — nourishing the soul, comforting the sick, providing services, counseling congregants, teaching Jesus’s example, and even working to fight sexual abuse and harassment. But like in any community of faith, there is also sin — often silenced, ignored and denied — and it is much more common than many want to believe. It has often led to failures by evangelicals to report sexual abuse, respond appropriately to victims and change the institutional cultures that enabled the abuse in the first place.
Without a centralized theological body, evangelical policies and cultures vary radically, and while some church leaders have worked to prevent abuse and harassment, many have not. The causes are manifold: authoritarian leadership, twisted theology, institutional protection, obliviousness about the problem and, perhaps most shocking, a diminishment of the trauma sexual abuse creates — especially surprising in a church culture that believes strongly in the sanctity of sex. “Sexual abuse is the most underreported thing — both in and outside the church — that exists,” says Boz Tchividjian, a grandson of Billy Graham and a former Florida assistant state attorney.
As a prosecutor, Tchividjian saw dozens of sexual abuse victims harmed by a church’s response to them. (In one case, a pastor did not report a sexual offender in his church because the man had repented. The offender was arrested only after he had abused five more children.) In 2004, Tchividjian founded the nonprofit organization Godly Response to Abuse in the Christian Environment (GRACE), which trains Christian institutions in how to prevent sexual abuse and performs independent investigations when churches face an abuse crisis. Tchividjian says sexual abuse in evangelicalism rivals the Catholic Church scandal of the early 2000s.
Diagnosing the scope of the problem isn’t easy, because there’s no hard data. The most commonly referenced study shows how difficult it is to find accurate statistics. In that 2007 report, the three largest insurers of churches and Christian nonprofits said they received about 260 claims of sexual abuse against a minor each year. Those figures, though, exclude groups covered by other insurers, victims older than 18, people whose cases weren’t disclosed to insurance companies and the many who, like Denhollander, never came forward. In other words, the research doesn’t include what is certainly the vast majority of sexual abuse. The sex advice columnist and LGBT rights advocate Dan Savage, tired of what he called the hypocrisy of conservatives who believe that gays molest children, compiled his own list that documents more than 100 instances of youth pastors around the country who, between 2008 and 2016, were accused of, arrested for or convicted of sexually abusing minors in a religious setting.
The problem in collecting data stems, in part, from the loose or nonexistent hierarchy in evangelicalism. Catholic Church abusers benefited from an institutional cover-up, but that same bureaucracy enabled reporters to document a systemic scandal. In contrast, most evangelical groups prize the autonomy of local congregations, with major institutions like the Southern Baptist Convention having no authority to enforce a standard operating procedure among member churches. This means researchers attempting to study this issue have to comb through publicly available documents.
That’s what Wade Mullen, the director of the M.Div. program at Capital Seminary & Graduate School, did as a part of his PhD dissertation. He collected reports of evangelical pastors or ministers charged with a crime in order to understand how evangelical organizations respond to crisis. Over 2016 and 2017, Mullen found 192 instances of a leader from an influential church or evangelical institution being publicly charged with sexual crimes involving a minor, including rape, molestation, battery and child pornography. (This data did not include sexual crimes against an adult or crimes committed by someone other than a leader.)
His findings help explain a 2014 GRACE report on Bob Jones University, one of the most visible evangelical colleges in the country. The study showed that 56 percent of the 381 respondents who reported having knowledge of the school’s handling of abuse (a group that included current and former students, as well as employees) believed that BJU conveyed a “blaming and disparaging” attitude toward victims. Of the 166 people who said they had been victims of sexual abuse before or during their time at BJU, half said school officials had actively discouraged them from going to the police. According to one anonymous respondent, after he finally told the police about years of sexual abuse by his grandfather, a BJU official admonished him that “[you] tore your family apart, and that’s your fault,” and “you love yourself more than you love God.” BJU officials declined to comment for this article.
After he finally told the police about years of sexual abuse by his grandfather, a BJU official admonished him that ‘[you] tore your family apart, and that’s your fault,’ and ‘you love yourself more than you love God.’
That same year, 18 volunteers, staff members and interns at the Institute in Basic Life Principles (including many underage girls) accused its founder, Bill Gothard, of sexual harassment, molestation and assault. Gothard had enormous sway over a small but tight-knit collection of evangelical home-schooling families around the country. One of those families was the Duggars, stars of a TLC reality television show. Josh Duggar, the eldest of 19 kids and former executive director of the conservative Family Research Council’s political action group FRC Action, lost his job after reports that he molested four of his siblings and a babysitter as a teenager. For years Duggar’s abuse stayed hidden as his parents and an Arkansas state trooper — now in prison himself on charges of child pornography — declined to disclose the crimes. (The suit against Gothard was dropped. Duggar’s actions are now outside the statute of limitations. Neither responded to requests for comment.)
Sovereign Grace Churches (SGC), an influential chain of congregations, many located on the East Coast, allegedly failed to report sexual abuse claims during the ’80s and ’90s to the authorities and caused secondary trauma to victims through pastoral counseling, according to an extensive investigation by Washingtonian magazine. In one instance, an SGC pastor allegedly told a wife whose husband sexually abused their daughter to remain with him. When she asked how she could possibly stay married to a man attracted to children, she was told that her husband “was not attracted to his 11-year-old daughter but rather to the ‘woman’ she ‘was becoming.’ ” Two years into the husband’s prison sentence, SGC pastor Gary Ricucci wrote in support of his parole using church letterhead, and the church welcomed him back to the community after his release.
The wife no longer attends. Asked to comment on these episodes, SGC Executive Director Mark Prater emailed a statement: “We encourage all of our churches to immediately report any allegations or suspicions of abuse to criminal and civil authorities, regardless of state law or the passage of time.” He cited a program implemented in 2014, the “MinistrySafe child safety system,” that teaches member churches how to deal with reports of abuse. Ricucci — who, like other local pastors, does not answer to SGC officials — did not respond to requests for comment.
The evangelical defense of God-fearing offenders extends to the political realm. Franklin Graham, CEO of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, said President Trump’s “grab them by the p—y” comments and other crude language didn’t matter because “all of us are sinners.” During Roy Moore’s recent Senate campaign, a poll conducted by JMC Analytics of likely Alabama voters found that 39 percent of evangelicals were more likely to vote for Moore after multiple accusations that he’d initiated sexual contact with teenagers when he was in his 30s. “It comes down to a question [of] who is more credible in the eyes of the voters — the candidate or the accuser,” Jerry Falwell Jr., president of the evangelical Liberty University, said at the time. “… And I believe [Moore] is telling the truth.”
Jerry Falwell, left, president of Liberty University, said he believed Senate candidate Roy Moore instead of the women who accused him last fall of sexual misconduct. Moore, right, lost a special election for Senate in Alabama late last year after several women said he had made sexual advances toward them when they were teenagers and he was in his 30s. (Falwell: Alex Wong/Getty Images; Moore: Jabin Botsford/The Washington Post)
It was the same message 7-year-old Denhollander heard: Stay silent, because the church won’t believe you.
Why are so many evangelicals (who also devote resources to fighting sex trafficking or funding shelters for battered women) so dismissive of the women in their own pews? Roger Canaff, a former New York state prosecutor who specialized in child sexual abuse, tells me that many worshipers he encountered felt persecuted by the secular culture around them — and disinclined to reach out to their persecutors for help in solving problems. This is the same dynamic that drove a cover-up culture among ultra-Orthodox communities in New York, where rabbis insisted on dealing with child abusers internally, according to several analysts.
But among evangelicals, there is an added eschatological component: According to a 2010 survey by the Pew Research Center, 41 percent of Americans believe that the end times will occur before 2050. In some evangelical teachings, a severe moral decay among unbelievers precedes the rapture of the faithful. Because of this, many evangelicals see the outside world as both a place in need of God’s love and a corrupt, fallen place at odds with the church. (“New Secularism is an attempt to undermine and destroy Christianity,” warned a headline in Christian Today a few years ago.)
This attitude could explain the 2017 case of an assistant pastor at Agape Bible Church in Thornton, Colo., who was convicted and sentenced to 13 years in prison for repeatedly sexually assaulting an adolescent girl. The police investigation revealed that church leaders and the girl’s father agreed not to contact the police because the “biblical counseling” received within the church was sufficient to handle the case. According to an officer who interviewed the father, “His interest was in protecting the church and its reputation more than protecting his daughter.”
Partly, church leaders tend to circle the wagons out of arrogance. “I’ve worked with churches across the theological spectrum, from fundamentalist to progressive,” Tchividjian says. “They say: ‘I’m the man God’s placed in charge. I have the Bible. I know how to handle this.’ ”
But another, less visible problem is the overall attitude toward sex. Sexual sin is talked about constantly, and extramarital sex is considered a heinous moral lapse. (A student at Patterson’s seminary who told him she’d been date-raped was disciplined for being in the man’s room) It stands to reason that churches don’t want to air an epidemic of wickedness among their flocks.
When congregants believe that their church is the greatest good, they lack the framework to accept that something as awful as sexual abuse could occur within its walls; it is, in the words of Diane Langberg, a psychologist with 35 years of experience working with clergy members and trauma survivors, a “disruption.” In moments of crisis, Christians are forced to reconcile a cognitive dissonance: How can the church — often called “the hope of the world” in evangelical circles — also be an incubator for such evil? “Christians must decide whether to give into the impulse to minimize the disruption of the abuse, or let themselves see a serious problem in their community and deal with it,” Langberg says. “It’s when they find out if they truly believe what they say they believe.”
As an adult, Rachael Denhollander once again found herself at the center of one of these disruptions. The church she attended, Immanuel Baptist in Louisville, was actively supporting former SGC president C.J. Mahaney’s return to ministry. Mahaney had been asked to step down from his role in 2011 because of “various expressions of pride, unentreatability, deceit, sinful judgment and hypocrisy.” In 2012, a class-action lawsuit held that eight SGC pastors, including Mahaney, had covered up sexual abuse in the church. Mahaney and the SGC claimed vindication when a judge dismissed the lawsuit for eclipsing the statute of limitations. In 2016, Immanuel Baptist Church repeatedly invited Mahaney to preach at its weekend services.
Denhollander says she told her church’s leaders this was inappropriate, as Mahaney had never acknowledged a failure to properly handle allegations of sexual abuse under his leadership. But the church ignored her, and when Denhollander went public with accusations against Larry Nassar in the Indianapolis Star, a pastor accused her of projecting her story onto Mahaney’s. When she persisted, he told her she should consider finding a new church. (Maheney did not respond to requests for comment.)
“It is isolating and heartbreaking to sit in a church service where sexual abuse is being minimized,” Denhollander says. “The damage done [by abuse] is so deep and so devastating, and a survivor so desperately needs refuge and security. The question an abuse survivor is asking is ‘Am I safe?’ and ‘Do I matter?’ And when those in authority mishandle this conversation, it sends a message of no to both questions.”
At an untold number of Christian churches and institutions, the silence on sexual abuse is deafening. Statistically, evangelical pastors rarely mention the issue from the pulpit. According to research from the evangelical publishing company LifeWay, 64 percent of pastors said they talk about sexual violence once a year, or even less than that. Pastors drastically underestimate the number of victims in their congregations; a majority of them guessed in the survey that 10 percent or less might be victims. But in 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that 1 in 4 women (women make up approximately 55 percent of evangelicals) and 1 in 9 men have been sexually abused. There is no evidence suggesting those numbers are lower inside the church.
Those who do publicly preach on sexual abuse are often stunned by the response. Kathy Christopher, a pastor to women at Christian Assembly Church in Los Angeles, first spoke on the topic while sharing the story of her own abuse. Immediately, fellow survivors opened up about their experiences, Christopher says. “Sadly, my story was not an unusual story. It was heartbreaking to see how many people needed to talk about this trauma in their past.”
When a judge sentenced Nassar for molesting hundreds of young girls, Denhollander was there; she spoke at length in the courtroom, reminding Nassar that the Christian concept of forgiveness comes from “repentance, which requires facing and acknowledging the truth about what you have done in all of its utter depravity and horror, without mitigation, without excuse, without acting as if good deeds can erase” it.
It was a word of warning for a community that, writ large, has been complicit in minimizing or enabling rape, molestation and emotional abuse within its walls. Denhollander also said that one of the prices she paid for calling out Nassar was losing her church, referring to her experience at Immanuel Baptist.
When the pastors there saw Denhollander’s statement, they began to understand the damage they had done. In a statement released by email this week, the board said the church had sinned in its treatment of the Denhollanders and had sought their forgiveness. (Denhollander says she accepts the apology.) Officials also said that SGC pastors will no longer be speaking at their church while accusations against them remain unanswered. “In the last few months God has increased our sensitivity to the concerns of the abused,” the statement reads. “He has called us to look at our own shortcomings as pastors. He has allowed us to seek and receive forgiveness from those we have failed.”
Immanuel Baptist Church faced a choice, the same one before many American churches today: Face the sin in their midst and make the church a place that follows the biblical command to care for the powerless and victimized — or avoid the disruption and churn out another generation of silenced victims who learn, like Denhollander did, that the church isn’t safe.
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mmkelleywrites · 6 years
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Call Upon Your God
My best friend growing up was obsessed with God. His family never struck me as particularly Jesus-y, but Art took it hook, line and sinker. He was always reading one of the books of the Bible. Even some more strange books, like Enoch. I remember when I mentioned I'd never heard of them, he just shrugged and said most sects considered them non-canon.
The strangest things about him were, in no particular order, that he was friends with me, and his obsession with meeting God. I've always been a godless heathen, for lack of a better word. He never seemed to care, and honestly I enjoyed the Bible stories he had to tell me. Weird shit, like Jesus banishing a dragon, Angels breeding with humans and making monstrosities. You know, *weird shit.*
Towards the end of highschool, I lost track of Art. I spent some time in and out of mental health facilities. Some of the people I met in those years really liked the stories I remembered from Art. Sometimes because of the absurdity, but some of them found some hope somewhere in there too. When I finally got home, Art was there waiting for me. Bright, full of Christ and with cookies from his mom.
It was like we never parted. He was extremely excited that he’d gotten into Bob Jones University. I laughed at him when he mentioned “B.J.U.” He ignored my crude humor, as always. I guess they have a program that’s very intensive in Bible studies. I asked him about meeting God. He was still as convinced as when we were ten.  After my stint in the facilities, I thought to ask, “Does that mean you want to die?”
“No!” he snapped.
        An awkward silence, then he apologized for being snappy. He calmly explained that if he were to kill himself, or possibly even die purposely, that he’d risk not going to the Pearly Gates. Of course he prayed,  and volunteered, and really anything he could do to emulate people who’d been Saints. He was working soup kitchens, advocating for AIDS patients, donating as much as his little job would let him to the homeless, and with all of that going on still manage to help out at the women’s shelter. He really latched on to the “whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me” bit from the big guy.
    Is it any surprise he hadn’t met God? I knew it wasn’t going to happen, but at the same time, I admired the difference he was making in the world. He called me on my lunch break one day. In one of his religion classes at BJU, the discussion apparently shifted to inmates. Someone said they’d heard a lot of death row inmates suddenly find God once their fate is sealed. In typical Art fashion, he wedged visiting inmates into his schedule. He passed those stories onto me, too. Some of them were absolutely proud of their crimes. No remorse, they nearly pissed themselves laughing at the mention of the Lord or salvation. There were those who’d seeked out salvation. Not all of them through religion, but many of them had. He focused on those. Even the ones who seemed to absolutely believe found it laughable that God had actually come to them. Disappointed, but he added “Prison Ministry” to his resume of good deeds and kept that a few days a month, too.
    I don’t really know if it was the same class, but discussion turned towards, “there are no atheists in a fox hole.” It was like he had been sitting on top of the solution the whole time. He dropped everything and joined the service. Three tours. Afghanistan once, Iraq twice. Assignments everyone else thought were crazy, he was the first in line. Every time he came back, he was the exact same Art. I honestly don’t know if he killed anyone over there. I didn’t want to ask, and he never seemed interested in talking about that part of his job. Eventually, he gave that up, and went back to BJU, this time on a GI Bill.
    I got the impression he wasn’t very strict with himself on his attendance this time around. He was digging into more of the “non-canon” books again. I’m not sure where he found it, but he kept talking about doing works in the name of God as a means of transformation. Art said he was still figuring it out, but that he was starting to see all of the work he’d put in trying to meet God as a means of personal transformation. Service as a chrysalis, he said.
    After that, I never knew when we’d talk. He’d call or show up at all hours of day, exhausted, but somehow invigorated at the same time. I kind of figured maybe he’d had some kind of existential crisis that lead into drugs and drinking. I’d seen it in the facilities, and he certainly fit the archetype that I’d seen do that. I just tried to be there for him as best I could. I tried to bring it up, maybe save him like he’d always tried for me. He swore up and down that he wouldn’t touch anything like that.
    This part of the story is where my details get murky. A rash of murders ripped through our city. Art was the final victim.  There were eight victims in total. The first person was an investment broker. He was plastered all over the news for very likely accusations of embezzlement. They came to raid his condo, expecting that he’d skipped town when he failed to meet his court date. No one was prepared for him, boiled in oil in his hottub. The murderer had broken in, put extra heating elements into the tub and refilled it with vegetable oil. They found two rare coins balanced on his eyes.
    The next victim was similarly high profile. A nationally syndicated personality, known for spewing vitriol and outrage. He targeted anyone outside of his political circle. The person responsible caught him early in the morning going into the studio. The aide that usually arrived at the same time was running late that early morning. The sound proof studio made sure no one heard what must have been a horrific racket. He was chopped, limb from limb. It must have been done quickly, because he had still been gasping for his final breaths when the aide found him. He was too far gone to give a description of his assailant. The camera’s only caught a person in all black, like one of those ANTIFA protesters from recently. No forensic data was recovered.
    The third victim is what started suggestions of more than one killer. The local news reported the wife of the second victim had been found dead in their home. They found her inside of a python. The small video clip of their house showed a small wine cellar that was only accessible from the kitchen. The person, or persons, must have broken in during the funeral and dumped a menagerie of snakes into the cellar after removing the ladder back into the kitchen. They’d removed the hatch and put the rug back over it. When she came home, she fell into Indiana Jones’ nightmare. Copperheads, water moccasins, pythons, cobras, an anaconda that came up missing from the zoo. It was a hateful death sentence. An expert from the zoo said that, if they hadn’t found her for awhile, there may have been nothing left in the python, as they digest bones and all.
    Number four was our Congressman. Not a hometown hero, but not a villain either. He had a passion for expensive wines and dinners. Expensive outings, mostly at the expense of corporations buying his votes. He had been nailed down to a chair in his study. The coroner noted small cuts inside of his mouth, that they chalked up to the rats that had apparently been force-fed to him while live. There were also toads and snakes slithering and hopping around the study, and remnants of them in his stomach at the time of the autopsy.
    At this point, people were mortified. Who was doing this? Comments on the local news’ website for these stories ran the gambit between praising someone for taking out the trash and admiration for their creativity in problem to disgust that no one could catch the person responsible for the depravity and being terrified that it would never stop. The fifth killing flew under the radar, but is now believed to be the fifth in the series of killings. An adult entertainment convention happened through town. One of the actresses was found burned alive in the alley along the hotel she was staying in.
    The sixth victim is where these killings started to find their links cemented past speculation. I personally knew this guy. Art did, as well. He was a science teacher we both had in high school, Mr. Fink. A very capable man, but full of himself to a fault. He was convinced he was God’s gift to everyone. If you cornered him being wrong, he simply gaslighted you into thinking that he was right the whole time. They found him strapped to a waterwheel. Official cause of death? Drowning. They think he rotated on the wheel for days before being found. Someone noticed that all of these were the Hell-bond’s punishments for the Capital Sins.
    They found the last two victims together. Art’s neighbor, Jim. He’d always spent so much of his life trying to one up Art’s family. They got a new car? He bought a boat the next week. Art got into BJU? His son was going to MIT. Art always ignored it. He said if you let the envy bother you, you’re just being prideful, and that’s just as bad. His wife found him in their chest freezer. It had been emptied, filled with water and he’d been forced in. The lid was weighed down with cinder blocks to prevent his escape. He was locked in a block of ice.
    Art was there, too. The police haven’t been able to figure out why he was there. His flesh was singed and his torso was split from neck to pelvis. Since we were so close, I got a chance to see his remains. It reminded me of a used cocoon, a spent husk laying on the garage floor. There wasn’t much left, some bone and flesh. The organs were gone. I did some reading, Art’s death wasn’t a punishment for sin, but Jim’s was. I haven’t heard from Art, but I get this feeling in my chest that he’s out there. Maybe he met God, maybe he turned into what he’d been worshiping all this time?
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erectiledysfunc · 4 years
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erectile dysfunction pills review
Contents
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wutbju · 8 months
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So let's review:
BJU's back campus housing is old.
But BJU didn't own all of it until 1998.
BJU didn't skimp on the rent they charged.
BJU is recently razing houses.
It seems that BJU is planning on selling off that back property.
That property has been very profitable for them.
The taxes back there are somewhat flaky.
Here's the tax bill, btw.
So that back campus could be very profitable for a financially struggling BJU.
In order for that to happen, however, BJU needs to clear it. Clear the property and clear the people in the property.
That's what it seems like they are doing because the rent they are charging the retirees living back campus?
They can't afford it. It's that high.
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carolpadial · 7 years
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Amoraaa esta foto representa muito meu sentimento por vc! Parabéns amor da minha life...que seu dia seja repleto de alegria e comemorações!!! Te desejo tudo de melhor nesta vida! Bju grande!!! 🎂🎊🍰🎉🎈🥂👏🏻👏🏻 Saudades de tus... #fefa #friendship #bday @crevilari (em Pardal's House)
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amynachan · 8 years
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#24022017 while waiting keringkan bju.. #RoseNurHannah #chanjunior (at Us Charbroil Steak House)
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jamieclawhorn · 8 years
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3 growth stocks that could make you rich
Today I’m looking at three companies with strong momentum and the financial performance to back it up. Will these growth stocks continue to climb, as we head into March?
Small cap, big growth
Veterinary medicine supplier Animalcare Group (LSE: ANCR) may not be a company that’s on your radar. But the group’s shares have risen by 56% over the last 12 months and recent results suggest that the shares may be worth a closer look.
Animalcare’s sales rose by 12% to £7.97m during the six months to 31 December. Operating profit rose by 23% to £3m, while the group’s operating margin rose from 21% to 23.2%. Retailers’ profit margins often rise as they sell more stuff, because their fixed costs per unit sold fall. This is known as operational gearing.
The shares now trade on a 2016/17 forecast P/E of 21, with a prospective yield of 2.1%. That’s not cheap, but the group’s £7m net cash balance and high profit margins should help to limit downside risk. I’d continue to hold.
Shareholder returns could rise
Trading is expected to improve over the coming year at fashion giant Burberry  (LSE: BRBY). The impending arrival of the firm’s highly-rated new chief executive, Marco Gobbetti, could provide a further catalyst for the stock.
After a period of poor performance, there are already signs of improvement. Underlying sales rose by 4% to £735m during the third quarter, with comparable sales growth of 3%. The firm’s Asia Pacific division returned to growth and Burberry notched up comparable sales growth of 40% in the UK, thanks partly to tourists cashing in on the weaker pound.
Burberry shares aren’t cheap, on 22 times forecast earnings and with a 2.3% dividend yield. The weak pound has also boosted profits.
However, the group’s profit margins are attractive, and a high percentage of earnings are converted into free cash flow each year. Net cash of £529m means that there is scope for further share buybacks, dividends or even acquisitions. I’d hold, and would be a buyer below 1,500p.
Juicy performance could reward shareholders
BrainJuicer Group (LSE: BJU) may have a crazy name, but the group’s business is highly relevant and growing fast.
BrainJuicer is a hi-tech marketing consultancy. It uses in-house systems to help companies strengthen their brand appeal and make their advertising more effective.
For investors, the attraction is that earnings per share have risen by an average of more than 15% each year since 2011.
This stock has risen by 29% so far this year. An upbeat trading statement in January was followed by strong results in February. BrainJuicer reported a 24% rise in revenue and a 38% increase in pre-tax profit for 2016. Net cash was £7.75m at the end of the year, despite the firm returning £5.25m to shareholders in 2016.
In my view, BrainJuicer’s biggest weakness is that forward earnings visibility is limited. The group’s track record suggests this is an acceptable risk, but the stock’s forecast P/E of 17 doesn’t leave much room for error. I’d hold at current levels.
Don't ignore this growth pick
If you are looking for high-quality growth stocks with the potential to deliver 100%-plus gains, you may need to look elsewhere.
The Fool's top experts have identified a FTSE 250 stock which they believe is significantly undervalued in today's market. Ambitious expansion plans and a premium brand could see the value of this company rise by up to 200%, they say.
I believe you should spare a few minutes to consider their findings. You can find all of the details in our exclusive free, no-obligation report. To download your copy today, click here now.
More reading
Why these 2 FTSE 100 stocks should be acquired in 2017
Is it time to buy these 2 FTSE 100 takeover candidates?
3 Footsie stocks to outperform Lloyds Banking Group plc in 2017
After jumping 140% in a year, is there still time to buy BrainJuicer Group plc?
Does 22% revenue growth make Burberry Group plc a hot fashion tip?
Roland Head has no position in any shares mentioned. The Motley Fool UK has recommended Burberry. We Fools don't all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors.
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wutbju · 2 years
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Mary McQuaid’s Chocolate Chip Cookies are essentially a half recipe of Toll House Chocolate Chip Cookies. 
From the Straight A Cookbook, 1997
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wutbju · 5 months
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By their fruit ye shall know them....
Adam Morgan, BJU Class of 2011, is proving that he is NOT safe. Consorting with Matt Gaetz of all people? Really??
You can say no, Adam.
Far-right conservative Matt Gaetz, a Florida Congressman, is coming to Greenville to help campaign against his colleague William Timmons.   Gaetz will join South Carolina state representative and Fourth Congressional District Candidate Adam Morgan to keynote a campaign rally on April 23 at the Greenville Marriott.   “I’m looking forward to welcoming Congressman Gaetz to South Carolina,” said Morgan in a press release. “Matt is a strong leader in Congress and I’m thankful to have his support, as well as several other conservative members of Congress, who are committed to consistently fighting for conservative ideals and winning.”  Doors will open at 6 p.m. for the rally beginning at 6:30. Tickets required for entrance can be found here.  “Congress needs more America First warriors willing to fight the establishment, the uniparty and the special interests,” said Congressman Gaetz. “Adam Morgan is that warrior who will join me to fight the DC swamp to take back our country and restore our conservative values. I enthusiastically endorse his candidacy for South Carolina’s Fourth Congressional District and am excited to have him fighting with me soon for the country we love.”  Morgan, an extreme conservative who chairs the SC Freedom Caucus, recently garnered national attention on the social media app X, formerly known as Twitter, when he posted a video of him on the South Carolina House Floor claiming that dark money groups were behind the pressure for him to vote for an economic development.  “My constituents told me to vote no on the $1.3 billion VW project ($400 million of which is taxpayer cash). But the swamp wants me to ignore those ‘back home,’” Morgan posted to X, which received 1.3 million views.  Gaetz responded to Morgan’s post, saying “Inject this into my veins.” Gaetz has also openly spoken about Timmons on X, saying “We need better Republicans than this.”   Still, earlier this year, Timmons garnered former President Donald Trump’s endorsement for a second time.  "Congressman William Timmons is a terrific advocate for the people of South Carolina's 4th Congressional District," Trump said in a press release. A captain in the Air National Guard, he fights hard to secure our border, strengthen our military, support our veterans, grow the economy, defend our Second Amendment, and hold Joe Biden and the Radical Left Accountable. An original member of my South Carolina Leadership Team, Congressman William Timmons has my complete and total endorsement."  The primary is June 11 and early voting begins Tuesday, May 28. Whoever secures the primary will face off against Democrat Kathryn Harvey. 
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wutbju · 10 months
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In 2016, WutBJU reported on the conditions of campus buildings. That was seven years ago!
You could see what BJU was ignoring for maintenance back then. By comparing the buildings scheduled to be razed to the ones not-yet-on-the-list you could see BJU's facilities priorities. How are things now?
BJU has razed houses. And that's recently -- since Pettit has left.
Long ago they razed my little house at 14 Seminar and the houses on either side at 12 and 16 Seminar. There's a large RV parked there now. Very large.
The Mulfinger's house is gone. All the houses around it are gone.
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Now, I don't know when those were razed. I do know that these houses came with the campus and/or were moved to that property -- that BJU did NOT own -- early on. Here's a listing of them from the phone book in 1962:
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Through at least the 1960s, those houses were listed as residing on Springdale not Seminar.
Except for what is now 11 Seminar, they are all gone.
But again, I don't know when this happened. Somebody out there reading knows, if they'd like to fill us in.
What I do know is that one house is gone -- the house immediately next door to Bob Jones III's manse. Here's how Google Maps collected the brick house back in December 2018:
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But sometime after May 2023, 409 Library Drive disappeared.
When I was on campus on Monday (12/4/2023), you could see nothing but the grass seed poking up above the straw.
So razing is happening. What's next?
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wutbju · 7 months
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Did you catch this kerfuffle?
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BJU Class of 1999, Timothy Scheiderer wrote an op-ed on Fox News trashing Wheaton as guilty of the crimes of teaching critical race theory and gender fluidity. He says:
But recently, the school in the leafy suburb west of Chicago has begun to mimic Harvard’s wokeness. Banning biblical words, teaching critical race theory, and psychologizing gender identity issues may not seem extreme in modern academia. But for a school which houses the works of Rev. Graham, C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien, it is adrift from its orthodox, Christian moorings. But this isn’t a recent drift. In the 2000s, the education department commended the teachings of Marxists. In 2016, 78 faculty members voiced support for a fellow professor who stated Christians and Muslims worship the same God. And five years later, the school held its first ceremony recognizing graduating minority students sans White students. And currently, Wheaton permits its professors to teach critical race theory. 
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Good grief.
He ends with a real winner:
In light of these shifts away from the Bible, would Billy Graham, the most influential 20th-century evangelical, endorse his alma mater? In the 19th century, Harvard was slowly, and permanently, transformed from a Christian university into a secular one. Belief in a trinitarian God was eventually toppled by in vogue philosophies. At Wheaton, the biblical belief in only two sexes is being tainted. With this and the other shifts mentioned, it may seem like a slow drift. But a gentle tide can carry a boat far from its dock.
Slippery slope anyone?
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wutbju · 9 months
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BJU Class of 2011 Adam Morgan, President of Majesty Music, is running for the US House of Representatives against incumbent William Timmons.
February 24, 2024 -- 02/24/2024 -- is the date of the primary, and I'm already seeing signage around town.
He learned his political lessons well at BJU, it seems:
South Carolina state representative Adam Morgan — chairman of the ultra-conservative S.C. Freedom Caucus (SCFC) — has officially announced his bid for the U.S. congress against embattled third-term incumbent William Timmons.  The proverbial Seven Trumpets of Revelation were sounded upon Morgan’s campaign announcement at the Historic Greer Depot on Thursday (November 16, 2023) – signaling a potentially Biblical beatdown in one of the most conservative congressional districts within the state.  But who is the staunch social conservative whose candidacy could rain down “hail and fire mixed with blood” (Revelations 8:7) on the head an incumbent already steeped in scandal and waning popularity?
Just what we all need, more civil "blood sports."
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wutbju · 1 year
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Mike Harding continues his defense:
If anyone ever did such a thing, they would be removed from the board immediately. No one on the board has that kind of character." (Verbatim from Dr. Harding.)
Yeah, right. BJU has housed all kinds of unsavory characters on its Board. Where do we begin with this? There's always Chuck Phelps.
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wutbju · 1 year
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This is a long, long, long story with a lot of data. Let’s comb through it. Lucille B. Green is the Greenville News staff writer who wrote the story.
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A little flying angel, clutching a movie camera to his breast. is the trademark for internationally recognized Unusual Films, a Bob Jones University enterprise which offers in its scholastic division of cinema a bachelor of arts, a master of arts and a master of fine arts degree.
Unusual Films produces films for distribution on rental basis through churches and other organizations, operating independently of the university and paying the university 10 per cent of its gross, plus providing all promotional films to the university without charge.
It also must pay other departments on itemized billings for services rendered, from secretarial work to manual labor on sets when it can't manage within its own organizational set-up.
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Headed by Mrs. Katherine Stenholm, director of the cinema division and Unusual Films, the division was recognized recently by the U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, -- no friend of BJU, with which HEW has been involved in a long struggle over Civil Rights Act compliance -- as being "better equipped in relation to the number of students being trained than any other institution's cinema division in the United States.
No friend of BJU? What the flip is that in there? What’s up with the Civil Rights Act compliance? Here’s a clue from 1974. The rhetoric in this statement is annoying.
Mrs. Stenholm, whose husband Dr. Gilbert Stenholm is director of BJU's extension division and ministerial training, initiated Unusual Films in 1950.
A need was felt at that time by the administration "to produce Christian and educational films of good quality." It was felt that most such films which churches and other organizations were showing were of inferior quality and that BJU could meet a real need in establishing a cinema studio.
This next strategy is typical for BJU. They imbue the young and uninitiated with a large dose of responsibility which creates a kind of trauma bond with BJU.
ANNOUNCED IN 1950
Dr. Bob Jones Jr. broke the news to Mrs. Stenholm at a rehearsal of "Cyrano de Bergerac" in 1950 -- when Mrs. Stenholm was directing plays and operas for the university and serving on the speech faculty. "Next fall," he said, "when you are working in our film studios...."
A few weeks later, when commencement activities were over, Mrs. Stenholm saw Dr. Bob Jones Jr. on the campus and questioned him further. He told her she would get money from the university to build the studios, to purchase initial equipment and to cover the costs of the first production. After that she would be on her own.
That summer she went to the University of Southern California to study motion picture making. "My ignorance of what I had to do could be compared with giving a child a large sum of money and telling him to furnish a house. . .But I was determined to do a good job and -- if it doesn't sound too pious -- I think the Lord helped me all the way."
She took a summer course. That’s it. USC still has that program. You can view it here.
AIDED BY STERNOD
Mrs. Stenholm feels she was guided in purchases of equipment -- "which frequently can become obsolete in just a short time." And she cites as an example the purchase of a camera in 1950 for $8,000 which today she could sell for "$16,000 if we wished to sell it." And she feels that she lived by the gospel -- "If you lack wisdom, look to God."
Instrumental in Mrs. Stenholm's orientation to the film world was Rudolph Sternod, then Stanley Kramer's production designer. ("A production designer actually does everything except film direction," she explains, "designing not only the set but the action.")
Mr. Sternod had worked with major studios for 20 years and had never paused to talk with a visitor to the set but when he saw Mrs. Stenholm watching his production for the second day, he went over to speak to her and asked her what she was interested in.
From that time on, he divulged secrets of the trade that guided his protege through her rough beginning years, and provided her with knowledge that smoothed the path she had to travel. He taught her set construction and camera angles -- and the special type of broken set construction to coordinate with camera angles.
It’s Sternad, if you’re googling. Usually you’ll see him as Rudy Sternad. And you’ve probably seen his work:
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In California with Mrs. Stenholm that summer, also attending USC classes, was Bob Craig, a graduate student picked for the future cinematographer of the film enterprise. He remained with her for eight years.
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Bob Craig was a member of the Class of 1951, btw. It’s not like she met him at USC.
Ground was broken for the studios in June of that year and the trademark soon had a namesake, a crane purchased in Hollywood by Mrs. Stenholm and known there as the "Mighty Midget" but rechristened "The Flying Angel." It's still in use.
Thus was born the Department of Unusual Films, later to become a precocious offspring of the"World's Most Unusual University.'
WELL EQUIPPED
This modern motion picture studio centers in gigantic sound stage complete with professional cranes and multi-directional dollies, cameras, microphone perambulators, cat-walks, arc and incandescent lights and light accessories.
At the rear of Rodeheaver Auditorium, the studio's main building has three divisions: the air-conditioned, Fiberglas-insulated soundstage proper -- 40 by 80 feet and 30 feet high; the scene storage and machine-shop area, 20 by 80 feet; and the general offices and workrooms that spread over three stories.
The second floor contains Mrs. Stenholm's office, production offices and the editing, re-cording-machinery and sound-mixing rooms. The third floor is divided into a film storage and checking room, the art and film drafting room, the distribution and advertising office and a classroom which doubles as a projection room.
The Rodeheaver auditorium stage, vast and magnificently equipped, is accessible from the studios as is the university's collection of costumes, armor and jewelry, valued at $300,000 and readily adaptable for use in motion pictures.
An exterior studio lot has been used for shooting Grecian and Roman scenes with their public buildings and squares, for Palestinian streets and buildings, in "Wine of the Morning"; and for exteriors in "Red Runs the River," a story of conflict, both personal and national, during the War Between the States.
Both of these films are evangelistic in theme and have been prize winners with international acclaim.
“War Between the States”? :|
'MACBETH' FILMED
A few months after the studios embarked on shooting promotional and religious films -- featuring Dr. Bob Jones Sr.'s sermons and other early releases -- the demands on the part of students for participation led to the decision to create an accredited course in film making at the university, and later an accredited division.
Soon Dr. Bob Jones Jr. transferred his talents in Shakespearean roles from the stage to film. And soon "Macbeth" with Dr. Bob Jones Jr. in the title role, became the most spectacular production yet of the young company. The studio was on its way to establishing an international reputation.
The studios won their first award in 1952, from the National Evangelical Film Foundation, for the musical production, "Vesper Melodies. The following year the same foundation gave them its award for "Heavenly Harmonies."
Mrs. Stenholm was now an experienced and knowledgeable director and the studios embarked on an ambitious two-year production based on Dr. Bob Jones Jr.'s book, "Wine of Morning." The story details the life -- as it might well have been -- of Barabbas, who was spared in the choice before Pilate between Barabbas and Jesus. The university also composed the original musical score and students worked in every phase of production.
Some of the technical problems solved by the director and her students have been written up in magazines as well as cinema textbooks. Included among such texts using pictures and technical explanations of problems from BJU are Dr. Raymond Fielding's "Special Effects" and another text by David Mascelli, as well as the HEW manual.
True!
SEA SCENE FILMED
Mrs. Stenholm recalls that she was tremendously worried about filming a sea scene in "Wine of Morning" and decided to go to California on her vacation to talk it over with Mr. Sternod. Again it seemed as if the conference was almost divinely inspired -- for Mr. Sternod had just spent nearly $1 million in studio research for the production of "Mutiny on the Bounty" to determine the most realistic use of miniatures in filming such scenes.
So successfully did she film the sea scene (in miniature) that the pictures of the scene and technical descriptions have been included in texts, including the HEW manual. "Wine of Morning" was chosen to represent the product of American colleges and universities at the International Film Festival in Cannes, France, in May 1958 and the International Congress of Schools of Cinema, meeting in Paris a week later.
In a report on the sessions given to a committee of government agencies interested in motion pictures in Washington, Mrs. Stenholm was cited by Dr. Don Williams as having presented "a full-length, feature picture . . . . one of the most ambitious pictures ever undertaken by a university group . . . and she took with her the most complete set of lecture notebooks I have ever had the pleasure to look through. She also had a picture showing the facilities at BJU studios called "The Flying Angel."
Unusual Films did get listed with the Dept HEW in 1963 as a cinema school of note. The films it brags on though:
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“You Can’t Win”? Was that a remake of “Unbeatable Game”? Tell me more!
CIVIL WAR MOVIE
A few years later Mrs. Stenholm met even greater challenges when she embarked on the filming of the spectacular full-length Civil War movie -- in color. Students, staff and faculty decided the only way to learn the creative, technical and production aspects of film-making was to make one -- a real one, a big one, a long one, a good one.
Research teams were dispatched to the Manassas Battleground (the battle is reenacted in the film), to the Smithsonian Institution and the Library of Congress. Again the solution of a technical difficulty made textbooks in picture and descriptive matter, this time on the blowing up of a railroad trestle at the moment that a period railroad train passed over it. Visitors at the 1967 Festival of Arts last spring saw the set and could learn how the scene was done.
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The months and the years have spun by and the cinema division at BJU averages 38 to 40 students a year with six to eight receiving master's degrees.
Most recent of the productions to be completed by Unusual Films that merits praise is the promotional film on the university, "Gateway to a Miracle," which covers the campus and classrooms and was used during the summer on the banquet tours by the president and vice president of the university and on the nationwide summer tours of the four "BJU Ensemble" groups. It will be available to churches for showing this fall.
Anybody remember that one? Gateway to a Miracle? I’ve heard about this next one. So typical. Thurmond was a real piece of work in the late 60s.
Earlier in the year, Unusual Films produced a film depicting in color the charms of South Carolina, "Products of Freedom,�� made on contract for Sen. Strom Thurmond, a member of BJU's board of trustees. Either film would be a revelation in beauty and knowledge for the average South Carolinian.
In addition to films produced for rental, to recover their cost, the studios do some commercial work -- but are somewhat restricted as to sponsors and content.
The text underneath the picture up above is as follows:
So successfully did Mrs. Katherine Stenholm solve the technical problems involved in filming the storm at sea for "Wine of Morning" that this picture of the actual filming, together with the technical descriptions, has been included in a number of textbooks -- including a manual put out by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Raymond Fielding's "Special Effects" and another text by David Mascelli. The metal barrels at the side were used to create waves, fine spray was blown through the air and the ship was perfectly proportioned to permit the oar strokes, etc., to appear real--not mechanized or in miniature.
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