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sssriegooo · 3 years

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Commonwealth’s First President

Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina commonly known as Manuel L. Quezon was born in the district of El Principe, province of Aurora, on August 19, 1878. Died on August 1, 1944, at Saranac Lake, New York, United States of America. He was a Filipino statesman, independence movement leader, and the very first president of the Philippine Commonwealth, which was founded under US tutelage in 1935.

Quezon was the son of a schoolteacher and a modest landowner of Tagalog heritage on the island of Luzon. His parents, Lucio Quezon and Maria Dolores Molina were of Spanish origin.

Quezon married his first cousin, Aurora Aragon. They were fortunate to have four children. His great-grandson Manuel L. Manolo Quezon III served in the cabinet of the Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino administration. Manuel was a law student at the University of Santo Tomas at the time of the Philippine war against the Americans. As a result, he was obliged to discontinue his studies and work as Emilio Aguinaldo's camp aide. He rose from a low rank to become Major of the army.

Quezon was jailed and then freed during the American occupation. He earned his legal degree from the University of Santo Tomas and finished fourth in the law test in 1903. He went into politics after serving as a soldier. He rose through the ranks of the Philippine government, serving as a councilor, governor, and senator. He was friendly to Americans because he thought that this was the only way for the Philippines to gain freedom.

Quezon was named resident representative for the Philippines in 1909, with the freedom to talk but not participate in the United States. House of Representatives; throughout his time in Washington, D.C., he advocated vehemently for the U.s to give sovereignty as soon as possible. Quezon was instrumental in winning Congress' adoption of the Jones Act in 1916, having vowed freedom for the Filipinos without specifying a date when it would take full effect. The legislation granted the Country full independence and established a parliamentary system national parliament modeled after the United States. Congress. Quezon resigned as commissioner and returned to Manila in 1916 to be elected to the newly constituted Philippine Senate, which he later presided over until 1935.

As president, he was an outspoken advocate for the rights of the Filipino people, particularly peasants. He also battled for women's right to vote in elections, which he won. He also recommended that Tagalog/Filipino be designated as the national language. As a result, he is known as the Father of the National Language. In the Philippines, he also created the Partido Nacionalista. It is the oldest political party not just in the Philippines, but also in South Asia as a whole.

Under President Manuel L. Quezon's and the United States' admission in 1934, According to Foreign Secretary Paul V. McNutt, Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution found safety in the Philippines before Filipinos and Jews alike felt the impact of the Second World War. On August 21, 1937, President Quezon issued Proclamation No. 173 in response to opponents of his open-door immigration policy. He urged all Filipinos to accept the refugees and tasked the authorities with assisting them. This was the motivation for President Quezon to issue Commonwealth Act 613, subsequently known as the Philippine Immigration Act of 1940.

Manuel pushed for the approval of the Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934), which allowed for said Filipinos' true independence ten years after the formation of democracy and the installation of a Commonwealth administration that might serve as the predecessor to an independent state. On September 17, 1935, Manuel was voted Into the office of the newly formed Commonwealth. As head of state, he rearranged the archipelagos' military protection (with the assistance of U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur as his special adviser), addressed the massive issue of landless farmers inside the rural areas who then started working as renters on large properties, encouraged the peace agreement and advancement of the vast southern island of Mindanao, and fought graft and corruption in government. In a suburb of Manila, a new federal capital, eventually known as Quezon City, was established.

In 1941, Manuel was re-elected president. When World War II (WWII) broke out, Quezon fled the Philippines and moved to America when Japan attacked and occupied the Philippines in 1942. He was diagnosed with TB, which led to his death at the age of 66. His ashes were interred at Manila's North Cemetery before being relocated inside the Quezon Memorial Circle monument.

Biography by Sisha De Borja Mones

11 Humss - 3

#MLQ #Commonwealth #AnOpenDoor #Biography #Student #CreativeWriting #creative

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weekinethereum · 7 years

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November 16, 2017

Ethereum News and Links

Parity multi-sig frozen

Parity postmortem. Parity will look to unfreeze the multi-sig funds through the EIP process. Frustratingly, Ricardo Guilherme Schmidt had flagged the init issue on August 3rd, so the init fix "was to be deployed in a regular update at a future point in time."

The web3 Foundation reiterated that it has 45m and will deliver Polkadot, but without an unfreeze would have to curtail planned spending on Whisper, Swarm, tooling, etc

Yoichi argues for only public discussion of unfreezing options. "A curtain is enough to create a political structure."

Gitter channel to discuss technical options

Alex Miller: toward a multisig standard

Protocol

Vitalik on "Applying Stateless Clients to the Current Two-Layer State Trie"

Latest Casper standup

Vitalik's zk-STARK explainer

Semantics of Viper in K

ERC721: non-fungible token standard

Preston Evans proposes Pentagonal Exchange as a source of randomness

Parity and geth devs discussed light clients at Devcon. Will continue experimenting before standardizing. Also, light clients can't be servers for other light clients. But if you're running a full node, please include the --lightserv flag.

Stuff for developers

v3.1 of web3j supports ENS and Truffle

purescript-web3 from FOAM - more static guarantees than web3js

Truffle replaces testRPC with Ganache

Easy local testnets with Dapphub

Solidity linter

Solidity to gRPC service

A Walkthrough of the adChain Registry TCR in Solidity

Smart Contract Watch from Neufund -- monitor events happening on your code

"Smashing the EVM for fun and extensibility". Great comment: "I heard you like VMs so we put a VM inside your VM"

A Remix + React + MetaMask tutorial in 4 parts. Plus, set up a light client with React

Hydra Project: security development framework from IC3 presented at Devcon3

Some Truffle testing snippets

'Hello World' with Viper

Christian Reitwießner answers "deep questions" about Solidity.

Ecosystem

microRaiden set to be released to main net on November 28th

Blockapps compares solutions for enterprise

The roadmap for the Moon Project

Metamask Security Advisory and Bug Bounty for Seed Phrase Concern

uPort to officially register first Zug citizen on Ethereum

The second edition of Token Summit is December 5th in San Francisco. Use discount code WENTS17 for 18% off.

How to claim your DNS name on ENS

Exchange

A WETH standard for wrapped ether

Interesting discussion on Reddit on 0x/IDEX/relayers between Phil Wearn and Kevin Day.

LocalEthereum with a timeline on centralized exchanges getting hacked.

Project Updates

Akasha update. May only let alpha and beta testers participate in their token sale, if they do one. Right now they have by far the most complicated token design in our entire ecosystem. Also helpfully provided: a tl;dr from Mihai Alisie

Aragon Q3 Transparency Report

Guide to SingularDTV launches

Making blockchain accessible to the masses through CryptoKitties

Iconomi October update

Six hard problems Livepeer is working on

Melon Mail — secure messaging service hosted on IPFS

The ZeppelinOS roadmap

Project Announcements and Whitepapers

Trustology - Alex Batlin joins ConsenSys to work on custody and fund admin.

Happta -- CMS/blog publishing platform using MetaMask/Mist and IPFS. live on main and testnets.

{Set} -- tokenize tokens. a protocol to create baskets of tokens

Liqudity Network. Plus Jeff Coleman in the reddit thread on payment channels.

Gems -- decentralized Mechanical Turk

TrueBit whitepaper addendum

Dharma whitepaper 2.0. "open protocol for generic tokenized debt agreements" blog post.

Interviews, Videos and Talks

The D1Conf on decentralized insurance has the first batch of videos uploaded, so you can check out Nexus Mutual and i-Chassis from Consensys.

Silicon Valley's Chris Diamantopoulos talks to SingularDTV

Joe Lubin 30m interview on CNBC International

Epicenter Devcon3 wrapup

Preethi Kasireddy on Changelog

Rhys Lindmark interviews with Nick Johnson and Mike Goldin

Fabian Vogelstellar on the Status Devcon video interview series

Griff Green talks Giveth on the same Status series

Token Sales

"I have yet to see an ICO that doesn’t have a sufficient number of hallmarks of a security" - SEC Chairman Jay Clayton in remarks at securities regulation conference. Ryan Selkis reacts to those remarks: the need for transparency.

"Proof of Confidence" from Liquidaeon. Token buyers lock Ether and receive tokens based on how long and how much Eth was locked up.

European Securities and Markets Authority: "ICOs may fall outside the scope of the existing rules and thus outside of the regulated space."

Dan Finlay writes a user guide for token sales

Jordan Cooper thinks killer apps may be close.

Token Sale Projects

Etherisc: What is parametric insurance and why on a blockchain?

Virtue Poker promo vid

Jesse Leimgruber from Bloom on 5minCrypto

Oracles Network proof of authority with staked identity

Cofound.it announces the 6 final teams for Nov 30 playoffs event

Apply to get paid to evaluate potential Cofound.it projects

General

The Ethereum and Bitcoin Cash communities tend to be friendly. Also why Ethereum didn't get built on top of Bitcoin -- a serious possibility at the time, as BTC maximalists were saying that all innovations would get incorporated into Bitcoin. Amusing to see how the world has changed.

150k r/ethereum subscribers

Visual timeline of Linux forks. Quite possibly our ecosystem will look like this, because...permissionless. To quote Vitalik: "I am now so confident in crypto [because] there are so many different teams trying different approaches."

Kerfuffles this week: Bitcoin maximalists trying to take some Vitalik tweets waaaay out of context. Plus Vinay Gupta yelling lots of things at Twitter alternative Gab. But "permissionless" means we can't actually stop anyone from building on Ethereum if they choose to.

Vitalik Buterin and Olaf Carlson-Wee are both in Forbes 30 under 30 for finance

Square Cash is experimenting with letting people buy Bitcoin

Singapore's Project Ubin releases a report on phase 2 of its inter-bank settlement mechanism

Dates of note

From Token Sale Calendar.

Upcoming token sale start dates:

November 17 – Neufund ICBM

November 17 – Realisto

November 20 – FundRequest

November 21 – Dopameme

November 21 – Gizer

November 25 – Rocketpool

November 25 – Relest

November 26 – CanYa

November 27 – Jibrel Network

November 28 – Gazecoin

November 30 – Debitum

November 30 – Nous Platform

November 30 – Bloom

December 1 – Oracles Network

December 4 – Aurora DAO from IDEX

December 5 – Token Summit in San Francisco. Use discount code WENTS17 for 18% off.

Ongoing token sales:

Aigang

Hirematch

Guts

TokenBox

SimpleToken

Snov

ScriptDrop

RockChain

PayFair

SeedsTokens

Sense Token

Leverj

Duber

Crypto.Tickets

WARNING: list may include or even likely includes scams and quasi-scams. Do your own research and due diligence before putting value at risk. Read disclaimer below.

Want to be included? If you are building your project on Ethereum, email weekinethereum @ gmail [period] com with 1) your URL, 2) sale date and 3) a brief but convincing description of how you are using Ethereum, preferably with a link to your Github repo. Listings are free. But please make sure to follow those instructions. If you don’t follow the instructions, you likely won’t get a response.

[I aim for a relatively comprehensive list of Ethereum sales, but make no warranty as to even whether they are legit; as such, I thus likewise warrant nothing about whether any will produce a satisfactory return. I have passed the CFA exams, but this is not investment advice. If you're interested in what I do, you can find my somewhat out-of-date investing thesis and token sale appreciation strategies in previous newsletters.]

If you appreciate this newsletter, thank ConsenSys.

I'm thankful that ConsenSys has brought me on as an employee and given me time to do this newsletter.

My charge from Joe Lubin is pretty similar to what Status has told me: keep telling the truth and covering the space as objectively as I can.

Editorial control is 100% me. Blame me first and last.

No way you made it down this far? Thanks for reading.

I'd love it if you shared this newsletter. Link: http://www.weekinethereum.com/post/167554211198/november-16-2017 Follow me on Twitter? @evan_van_ness

This newsletter is supported by Status.im and ConsenSys (surely you have seen that we're hiring?). Many thanks to both.

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mediumaevum · 8 years

Conversation

List of medieval European scientists

Anthemius of Tralles (ca. 474 – ca. 534): a professor of geometry and architecture, authored many influential works on mathematics and was one of the architects of the famed Hagia Sophia, the largest building in the world at its time. His works were among the most important source texts in the Arab world and Western Europe for centuries after.

John Philoponus (ca. 490–ca. 570): also known as John the Grammarian, a Christian Byzantine philosopher, launched a revolution in the understanding of physics by critiquing and correcting the earlier works of Aristotle. In the process he proposed important concepts such as a rudimentary notion of inertia and the invariant acceleration of falling objects. Although his works were repressed at various times in the Byzantine Empire, because of religious controversy, they would nevertheless become important to the understanding of physics throughout Europe and the Arab world.

Paul of Aegina (ca. 625–ca. 690): considered by some to be the greatest Christian Byzantine surgeon, developed many novel surgical techniques and authored the medical encyclopedia Medical Compendium in Seven Books. The book on surgery in particular was the definitive treatise in Europe and the Islamic world for hundreds of years.

The Venerable Bede (ca. 672–735): a Christian monk of the monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow who wrote a work On the Nature of Things, several books on the mathematical / astronomical subject of computus, the most influential entitled On the Reckoning of Time. He made original discoveries concerning the nature of the tides and his works on computus became required elements of the training of clergy, and thus greatly influenced early medieval knowledge of the natural world.

Rabanus Maurus (c. 780 – 856): a Christian monk and teacher, later archbishop of Mainz, who wrote a treatise on Computus and the encyclopedic work De universo. His teaching earned him the accolade of "Praeceptor Germaniae," or "the teacher of Germany."

Abbas Ibn Firnas (810 – 887): a polymath and inventor in Muslim Spain, made contributions in a variety of fields and is most known for his contributions to glass-making and aviation. He developed novel ways of manufacturing and using glass. He broke his back at an unsuccessful attempt at flying a primitive hang glider in 875.

Pope Sylvester II (c. 946–1003): a Christian scholar, teacher, mathematician, and later pope, reintroduced the abacus and armillary sphere to Western Europe after they had been lost for centuries following the Greco-Roman era. He was also responsible in part for the spread of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system in Western Europe.

Maslamah al-Majriti (died 1008): a mathematician, astronomer, and chemist in Muslim Spain, made contributions in many areas, from new techniques for surveying to updating and improving the astronomical tables of al-Khwarizmi and inventing a process for producing mercury oxide.[citation needed] He is most famous, though, for having helped transmit knowledge of mathematics and astronomy to Muslim Spain and Christian Western Europe.

Abulcasis (936-1013): a physician and scientist in Muslim Spain, is considered to be the father of modern surgery. He wrote numerous medical texts, developed many innovative surgical instruments, and developed a variety of new surgical techniques and practices. His texts were considered the definitive works on surgery in Europe until the Renaissance.

Constantine the African (c. 1020&–1087): a Christian native of Carthage, is best known for his translating of ancient Greek and Roman medical texts from Arabic into Latin while working at the Schola Medica Salernitana in Salerno, Italy. Among the works he translated were those of Hippocrates and Galen.

Arzachel (1028–1087): the foremost astronomer of the early second millennium, lived in Muslim Spain and greatly expanded the understanding and accuracy of planetary models and terrestrial measurements used for navigation. He developed key technologies including the equatorium and universal latitude-independent astrolabe.

Avempace (died 1138): a famous physicist from Muslim Spain who had an important influence on later physicists such as Galileo. He was the first to theorize the concept of a reaction force for every force exerted.

Adelard of Bath (c. 1080 – c. 1152): was a 12th-century English scholar, known for his work in astronomy, astrology, philosophy and mathematics.

Avenzoar (1091–1161): from Muslim Spain, introduced an experimental method in surgery, employing animal testing in order to experiment with surgical procedures before applying them to human patients.[4] He also performed the earliest dissections and postmortem autopsies on both humans as well as animals.

Robert Grosseteste (1168–1253): Bishop of Lincoln, was the central character of the English intellectual movement in the first half of the 13th century and is considered the founder of scientific thought in Oxford. He had a great interest in the natural world and wrote texts on the mathematical sciences of optics, astronomy and geometry. In his commentaries on Aristotle's scientific works, he affirmed that experiments should be used in order to verify a theory, testing its consequences. Roger Bacon was influenced by his work on optics and astronomy.

Albert the Great (1193–1280): Doctor Universalis, was one of the most prominent representatives of the philosophical tradition emerging from the Dominican Order. He is one of the thirty-three Saints of the Roman Catholic Church honored with the title of Doctor of the Church. He became famous for his vast knowledge and for his defence of the pacific coexistence between science and religion. Albert was an essential figure in introducing Greek and Islamic science into the medieval universities, although not without hesitation with regard to particular Aristotelian theses. In one of his most famous sayings he asserted: "Science does not consist in ratifying what others say, but of searching for the causes of phenomena." Thomas Aquinas was his most famous pupil.

John of Sacrobosco (c. 1195 – c. 1256): was a scholar, monk, and astronomer (probably English, but possibly Irish or Scottish) who taught at the University of Paris and wrote an authoritative and influential mediaeval astronomy text, the Tractatus de Sphaera; the Algorismus, which introduced calculations with Hindu-Arabic numerals into the European university curriculum; the Compotus ecclesiasticis on Easter reckoning; and the Tractatus de quadrante on the construction and use of the astronomical quadrant.

Jordanus de Nemore (late 12th, early 13th century): was one of the major pure mathematicians of the Middle Ages. He wrote treatises on mechanics ("the science of weights"), on basic and advanced arithmetic, on algebra, on geometry, and on the mathematics of stereographic projection.

Villard de Honnecourt (fl. 13th century): a French engineer and architect who made sketches of mechanical devices such as automatons and perhaps drew a picture of an early escapement mechanism for clockworks.

Roger Bacon (1214–94): Doctor Admirabilis, joined the Franciscan Order around 1240 where, influenced by Grosseteste, Alhacen and others, he dedicated himself to studies where he implemented the observation of nature and experimentation as the foundation of natural knowledge. Bacon wrote in such areas as mechanics, astronomy, geography and, most of all, optics. The optical research of Grosseteste and Bacon established optics as an area of study at the medieval university and formed the basis for a continuous tradition of research into optics that went all the way up to the beginning of the 17th century and the foundation of modern optics by Kepler.[8]

Ibn al-Baitar (died 1248): a botanist and pharmacist in Muslim Spain, researched over 1400 types of plants, foods, and drugs and compiled pharmaceutical and medical encyclopedias documenting his research. These were used in the Islamic world and Europe until the 19th century.

Theodoric Borgognoni (1205-1296): was an Italian Dominican friar and Bishop of Cervia who promoted the uses of both antiseptics and anaesthetics in surgery. His written work had a deep impact on Henri de Mondeville, who studied under him while living in Italy and later became the court physician for King Philip IV of France.

William of Saliceto (1210-1277): was an Italian surgeon of Lombardy who advanced medical knowledge and even challenged the work of the renowned Greco-Roman surgeon Galen (129-216 AD) by arguing that allowing pus to form in wounds was detrimental to the health of he patient.

Thomas Aquinas (1227–74): Doctor Angelicus, was an Italian theologian and friar in the Dominican Order. As his mentor Albert the Great, he is a Catholic Saint and Doctor of the Church. In addition to his extensive commentaries on Aristotle's scientific treatises, he was also said to have written an important alchemical treatise titled Aurora Consurgens. However, his most lasting contribution to the scientific development of the period was his role in the incorporation of Aristotelianism into the Scholastic tradition.

Arnaldus de Villa Nova (1235-1313): was an alchemist, astrologer, and physician from the Crown of Aragon who translated various Arabic medical texts, including those of Avicenna, and performed optical experiments with camera obscura.

John Duns Scotus (1266–1308): Doctor Subtilis, was a member of the Franciscan Order, philosopher and theologian. Emerging from the academic environment of the University of Oxford. where the presence of Grosseteste and Bacon was still palpable, he had a different view on the relationship between reason and faith as that of Thomas Aquinas. For Duns Scotus, the truths of faith could not be comprehended through the use of reason. Philosophy, hence, should not be a servant to theology, but act independently. He was the mentor of one of the greatest names of philosophy in the Middle Ages: William of Ockham.

Mondino de Liuzzi (c. 1270-1326): was an Italian physician, surgeon, and anatomist from Bologna who was one of the first in Medieval Europe to advocate for the public dissection of cadavers for advancing the field of anatomy. This followed a long-held Christian ban on dissections performed by the Alexandrian school in the late Roman Empire.

William of Ockham (1285–1350): Doctor Invincibilis, was an English Franciscan friar, philosopher, logician and theologian. Ockham defended the principle of parsimony, which could already be seen in the works of his mentor Duns Scotus. His principle later became known as Occam's Razor and states that if there are various equally valid explanations for a fact, then the simplest one should be chosen. This became a foundation of what would come to be known as the scientific method and one of the pillars of reductionism in science. Ockham probably died of the Black Plague. Jean Buridan and Nicole Oresme were his followers.

Jacopo Dondi dell'Orologio (1290-1359): was an Italian doctor, clockmaker, and astronomer from Padua who wrote on a number of scientific subjects such as pharmacology, surgery, astrology, and natural sciences. He also designed an astronomical clock.

Richard of Wallingford (1292-1336): an English abbot, mathematician, astronomer, and horologist who designed an astronomical clock as well as an equatorium to calculate the lunar, solar and planetary longitudes, as well as predict eclipses.

Jean Buridan (1300–58): was a French philosopher and priest. Although he was one of the most famous and influent philosophers of the late Middle Ages, his work today is not renowned by people other than philosophers and historians. One of his most significant contributions to science was the development of the theory of impetus, that explained the movement of projectiles and objects in free-fall. This theory gave way to the dynamics of Galileo Galilei and for Isaac Newton's famous principle of Inertia.

Guy de Chauliac (1300-1368): was a French physician and surgeon who wrote the Chirurgia magna, a widely read publication throughout medieval Europe that became one of the standard textbooks for medical knowledge for the next three centuries. During the Black Death he clearly distinguished Bubonic Plague and Pneumonic Plague as separate diseases, that they were contagious from person to person, and offered advice such as quarantine to avoid their spread in the population. He also served as the personal physician for three successive popes of the Avignon Papacy.

John Arderne (1307-1392): was an English physician and surgeon who invented his own anesthetic that combined hemlock, henbane, and opium. In his writings, he also described how to properly excise and remove the abscess caused by anal fistula.

Nicole Oresme (c. 1323–82): was one of the most original thinkers of the 14th century. A theologian and bishop of Lisieux, he wrote influential treatises in both Latin and French on mathematics, physics, astronomy, and economics. In addition to these contributions, Oresme strongly opposed astrology and speculated about the possibility of a plurality of worlds.

Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio (c. 1330-1388): was a clockmaker from Padua, Italy who designed the astarium, an astronomical clock and planetarium that utilized the escapement mechanism that had been recently invented in Europe. He also attempted to describe the mechanics of the solar system with mathematical precision.

#scientist #science #medieval #long post #master post #history #list #wikipedia

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