#Arizona Biosphere

[nixieofthenorth]

Foggy vines by Frank Tellez

[brithombar]

aloy keeps complaining about being cold and im like stop embarassing colorado in front of the californians

[ultralowoxygen]

Untitled by Kevin Chang Via Flickr: January 7, 2024 Biosphere 2 Oracle, AZ Olympus 35 RC/CineStill 800T

[covrettcreative]

Trapezoid in Trois

Seen near Oracle, Arizona.

[rjzimmerman]

Excerpt from this story from Yale Environment 360:

Strong winds sweep over the Rhön, a vast region of rolling, forested hills and pastureland in central Germany. Undeterred, Stefan Zaenker, leading a group of four volunteers, runs through his checklist alongside a forest road. Are rubber boots disinfected to prevent introducing potentially harmful microorganisms into the wetland? Are the team app and GPS functioning correctly? Have enough flags been packed?

When all is in order, Zaenker, 56, leads the group into a soggy alder forest. Its mission for the day: to locate and map as-yet-undiscovered springs and document any species inhabiting them.

A senior conservation official for the state of Hesse, Zaenker considers springs so important for human life and biodiversity that he — along with volunteers from the Hesse Association for Cave and Karst Research — spends much of his spare time conducting large-scale searches for them in the Rhön, which includes the German states of Bavaria, Thuringia, and Hesse, and in a nearby national park.

Conservation strategies around the globe focus on rivers, bogs, forests, reefs, and many other habitat types. Springs rarely get any special attention. In the United States, for example, springs do “not appear to be a prominent feature on the conservation radar,” says Kirsten Work, a zoologist from Stetson University in DeLand, Florida.

But for the biosphere, these tiny spots dotted across Earth’s land surface play a powerful role: They connect reservoirs of groundwater to the outside, sunlit world. Only so-called “fossil” aquifers — ancient bodies of groundwater that do not recharge — lack a link with the surface. Without a continual connection to groundwater, which also feeds rivers, many landscapes would quickly dry up and become hotter. In addition, springs are home to a wide range of highly specialized species, some of which live outside by night and in the darkness of groundwater by day.

Far too little is known about where springs occur and what species they harbor, Zaenker says. In a country like Germany, which has no wilderness but a very efficient bureaucracy, most people assume that everything in nature has already been discovered and mapped. This is not true, he claims: “I can stand right next to an impressive spring with water flowing out, but the official topographical map shows nothing.” Official maps denote springs with a blue dot, indicating they are habitats protected by law. Yet many — if not most — springs remained undocumented. “How are we going to effectively protect these important habitats or know if they dry up,” asks Zaenker, “if we don’t even know they exist?”

Halfway around the globe, ecologist Larry Stevens is on a similar mission and is equally worried about the future of springs. In 2013, Stevens cofounded the Springs Stewardship Institute, a nonprofit science initiative linked with the Museum of Northern Arizona, and in 2023 he published Springs of the World: Distribution, Ecology, and Conservation. Stevens considers springs prime examples of “canaries in coal mines” because they act as early warning systems of water table decline and biodiversity loss.

Stevens is particularly fascinated by the large number of highly specialized and endemic species found in and around springs. He points out that with constant temperatures and high purity, spring water offers unique living conditions. Springs are often isolated from one another geographically and many have been in place for millennia, characteristics that make them hotspots for new species to arise and refuges for species that have lost their habitats elsewhere. “Although miniscule in habitat area compared to rivers, lakes, and oceans, springs support more than 10 percent of U.S. endangered species, as well as thousands of other rare and endemic biota,” he notes. For example, the so-called Comal Springs riffle beetle is limited to a few springs in Texas, while the endangered White River springfish lives only in isolated warm springs in eastern Nevada.

While there are many spectacular springs — like the white Pamukkale terraces of Turkey, Blue Spring in New Zealand, or the hot springs in Yellowstone National Park — most are rather inconspicuous. That doesn’t diminish their importance, though. Every creek, river, pond, and lake starts with at least one, and often many, springs.

[mindblowingscience]

Microbes do a lot under the soil surface that can’t be seen with the naked eye—from sequestering carbon to building the foundation of Earth’s crust. But even tiny microbes are feeling the stress of a hotter, drier future. The study, published in Nature Microbiology, is just one part of the B2 Water, Atmosphere, and Life Dynamics project, which brought over 90 researchers from around the world to the University of Arizona’s enclosed rainforest at Biosphere 2 to conduct a controlled drought experiment and better understand what happens to the world’s ecosystems when water is scarce. Uncovering how soil microbes process carbon and interact with the atmosphere under environmental stress helps scientists predict and support how ecosystems will adapt in the face of increasing temperatures and prolonged drought. When most people think of volatile organic compounds, they think of aerosols—which can contribute to warming and have negative impacts on air quality—but the term “volatile” simply refers to how easily a chemical or compound can change from a liquid to a gas phase, says lead study author Linnea Honeker, a postdoctoral researcher who worked with associate professor of environmental science Malak Tfaily in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences during the B2 WALD project.

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[hiswordsarekisses]

“For two years, scientists locked themselves in this artificial environment in Oracle, Arizona. The mission was to serve as a center for research, outreach, teaching, and learning about Earth and its living systems. To this day, it is the largest closed system ever created. Inside their self-sustaining community, they created a number of mini-environments, including a desert, a rain forest, even an ocean. Now, the trees inside Biosphere 2 grew rapidly, more rapidly than they did outside of the dome, but they also fell over before reaching maturation.

After looking at the root systems and outer layers of bark, the scientists came to realize they were missing one crucial element: wind.

Over time, the effects of their windless environment became apparent. Without the stress of wind to strengthen the wood and the roots, the trees grew weak and could not hold up their own weight.

If we're honest, a lot of us want to live a Biosphere kind of life - sheltered and protected from hardship, struggle, pain, or doubt. And I completely understand this desire.

But something happens to us when we do.

I wonder if it's in the storms that God does his best work. Because, when the winds blow strongest our roots grow deepest.

And that will ultimately lead to the life we're meant for.”

~ Ian Simpkins

“O you afflicted one, Tossed with tempest, and not comforted, Behold, I will lay your stones with colorful gems, And lay your foundations with sapphires. I will make your pinnacles of rubies, Your gates of crystal, And all your walls of precious stones.” Isaiah‬ ‭54‬:‭11‬-‭12‬

[pollicinor]

Ecco la lista completa di tutte le 52 destinazioni Nord America Parigi, Francia Yamaguchi, Giappone Nuova Zelanda Maui, Hawaii Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni, Arizona Singapore O’Higgins, Cile Ladakh, India Ginevra, Svizzera Dominica, Caraibi Manchester, Gran Bretagna Idaho Baltimora, Maryland Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia Negombo, Sri Lanka Massa e Carrara, Italia Bannau Brycheiniog, Galles Marocco Valencia, Spagna Kansas City, Missouri Antananarivo, Madagascar Yucatan, Messico Lago di Toba, Indonesia Almaty, Kazakhstan Quito, Ecuador Alpi Albanesi. Valbona National Park Arcipelago di Mingan, Quebec Montgomery, Alabama Tasmania, Australia Waterford, Irlanda Tsavo National Park, Kenya Brasilia, Brasile El Salvador Koh Ker, Cambogia Vestmannayjar, Islanda Montevideo, Uruguay Mustang, Nepal Vienna, Austria Brisbane, Australia Pasadena, California Hurghada, Egitto Boundary Waters, Minnesota Thessaloniki (Salonicco), Grecia Normandia, Francia Grenada, Caraibi El Camino de Costa Rica Alpi albanesi Whitehorse, Yukon Choquequirao, Perù Dresda, Germania Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Messico Flamingo, Florida Ben Youssef Madrasa, Marrakech

Dall'articolo "Dal «Sentiero dell'eclissi» a Massa Carrara: le mete imperdibili nel 2024 per il New York Times" di Marco Trabucchi

[garak]

i grew up in the temperate rainforest/mountains part of the western united states and thus grouping that in with the like open plains or deserts and mesas you get in montana or nevada or new mexico is counterintuitive to me. i have great affection for those places but theyre kind of opposite to the climate or biosphere i'm used to & i would probably be quicker to group western washington with b.c. and alaska than with arizona

[cosmicanger]

Joel Sternfeld

Daily Menu, Biosphere 2, Oracle, Arizona, July 2000

2000

[psuthcapstone]

Stuff I've been looking at as inspiration

I watched this video a while ago, and it's pretty youtube-pop-sciencey but I think it's come up again in my subconscious while I've been looking at the other stuff. Besides being decently entertaining, it gives some perspective to the ratios and dependencies we have as a planet that are hard to quantify due to the vastness of the world. It also leads into another more significant piece of media, which is...

Spaceship Earth, or more specifically the Arizona Biosphere 2 facility. Biosphere 2 was designed as a self-contained vivarium meant to simulate a closed system microcosm of Earth's ecosystem as an experiment in creating isolated self-sustaining systems for applications like surviving nuclear disasters and space colonization. The project came under scrutiny and eventually fell apart due to scientific community politics and mismanagement, but as far as I know it's the most spectacular example of this concept ever realized - a real case of reality being stranger than fiction, intertwined with the scientific ethos and discoveries underpinning the project.

I haven't watched this documentary yet but I plan on doing so as research for this project. The era and speculative fiction elements also coincide with another work I recently had the pleasure of reading...

A Canticle for Leibowitz, by Walter M. Miller. I highly recommend this novel as a peak example of Cold War speculative fiction mixing post-apocalyptic prophesy, cycles of human nature and the historical relationship between science and religion mirrored in a fresh light. I'll have to see where these ideas all lead, because it's very exciting so far. However, the jury is out on whether these influences will be direct or not on the finished product - there could be more of an allegory / speculation dimension than a direct adaptation of the concepts. Further brainstorming and perhaps a paper prototype are in order...

[chasepipes]

An Overview of Meteor Impact Craters and Events

A meteor impact site is a location where, at some point in the past, a meteorite passed through Earth’s atmosphere and collided with the planet’s surface. Meteor impact events contrast with events involving smaller meteors, asteroids, and similar objects that enter the atmosphere but are vaporized before reaching the surface. Impact events can have minimal impact on the surrounding geography, while larger meteors leave massive craters and create long-term changes to the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Scientists can study impact craters to learn about the meteor’s composition, the nature of the impact event, and how the event influenced the planet.

The Chicxulub impact crater is located beneath Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula. Chicxulub is the planet’s only well-preserved peak ring crater. These types of craters are notable because of their size and the information they provide researchers regarding the composition and history of planetary crusts. The Chicxulub impactor is believed to have measured at least 6.2 miles in diameter, resulting in a crater with a depth of 12 miles and a diameter of 110 miles.

While the size of the impactor and crater are impressive on their own, Chicxulub is better known for the influence it had on the planet’s biodiversity. When the meteorite struck the planet roughly 66 million years ago, it wiped out the majority of animal and plant life on Earth, including the dinosaurs. Other effects included widespread earthquakes and tsunamis, a temporary heating of the planet’s temperature, and long-term disruptions of photosynthesis. Together, these and other effects drastically altered the planet’s atmosphere, ultimately setting the stage for the rise of primates as the dominant species.

Chicxulub may be known as the meteor that killed the dinosaurs, but it is not the only impact event that led to a period of mass extinction. The Manicouagan Reservoir in Quebec, Canada, was created by a 3-mile-diameter meteor that struck the planet about 212 million years ago, resulting in a loss of an estimated 60 percent of Earth’s biodiversity.

Sudbury Basin, also in Canada, has deformed and eroded over time, but it once measured 120 miles across. Meteor Crater in Arizona measures roughly three-quarters of a mile in diameter and nearly 560 feet. The crater is the result of an iron-nickel asteroid that hit Earth’s surface about 50,000 years ago, one measuring more than 160 feet. Other notable craters include the Lake Acraman impact structure in South Australia, the Morokweng impact structure in South Africa’s Kalahari Desert, and Wolfe Creek Crater, also in Australia.

A series of impact events from the earliest periods of the planet’s development have played even greater roles in the development of life on Earth. The first water that came to Earth as it formed arrived by meteors. Impact events influenced the spin, tilt, and orbit of the planet, and also led to the formation of Earth’s moon.

Individuals can find meteorite fragments on display in museums and exhibits around the world, and in some cases may have the opportunity to acquire a fragment for their own collection. The Allende meteorite was roughly the size of a car when it entered the atmosphere in 1969 but broke into thousands of pieces over Arizona, resulting in what is often described as the best-researched meteorite in history.

[xtruss]

Eating Fewer Calories Can Ward Off Ageing! And Various Existing Medicines May Offer Similar Benefits

— Published: September 25th 2023

Image: Anuj Shrestha

In 1991 eight volunteers sealed themselves into a huge greenhouse in the desert near Tucson, Arizona. They were part of an experiment seeking to discover whether a carefully curated selection of plants and animals could develop into a self-sustaining ecosystem: a “Biosphere 2” independent of “Biosphere 1”, aka the outside world.

In terms of proving grand ecological truths the Biosphere 2 experiments were something of a bust. As an illustration of what can happen when somewhat fringe-y science meets extreme wealth they were fascinating. There were fierce fallings-out on both sides of the glass. In 1994 Ed Bass, an oil dynast who had paid for the facility, threw out the management team and handed the reins to Steve Bannon, later a key adviser to Donald Trump. At the same time, though, there was what some took to be a breakthrough in the science of human ageing.

One of the eight biospherians was Roy Walford, a professor of pathology at the University of California, Los Angeles (ucla). Research by Walford and others had shown that restricting what animals ate could significantly lengthen their lives. The lifespans of nematode worms, fruit flies, rodents and dogs could be extended as much as 50% by laboratory protocols which gave them a diet with all the nutrients they needed in terms of minerals, vitamins and the like but fewer calories than were seen as normal.

Biosphere 2 allowed him to test the theory on humans in no position to sneak off for snacks. With a daily intake of 1,750-2,100 calories (7,320-8,790 kilojoules) the biospherians, trim to begin with, all slimmed down. But after eight months their weight stabilised. Gaunt as they were, their energy levels remained high. Blood tests showed physiological responses which matched those of calorie-restricted rodents with extended lifespans.

Some people have taken this as a reason to incorporate calorie restriction into their lives, as Walford did. But such diets, which go well beyond the sort of weight-restricting efforts to which any sensible person might aspire, are hard to maintain. That has provoked an interest in finding ways to get the benefits of calorie restriction without having to engage in it.

The Garden of Forking Paths

Calories are a measure of the amount of energy that cells can get from breaking food into its component chemical parts. The precise nature of that breaking down, and what happens with all the parts, is under the control of a range of signalling pathways which have the job of matching what the cell is doing with how much energy the organism needs and has available. Dysfunction in these nutrient-signalling pathways is one of the 12 hallmarks of ageing listed by Dr López-Otín and his colleagues.

If there is a general truth behind the success of calorie restriction, it is that when energy is on the scarce side, the nutrient signalling pathways in cells pay greater attention to what is going on and keep the cell in better shape. What is necessary if the same pathways are to be recruited without the calorie reduction is an understanding of what other cues can have the same effect.

The research would be both easier to do and easier to understand if these pathways all had distinct, clearly understood functions. Alas, this is not the case. Pathways frequently regulate more than one function, functions are frequently regulated by more than one pathway and the farthest-flung parts of pathways are often obscure. To make things yet less comprehensible, the proteins involved in the pathways have incredibly opaque names.

Take the mtorc1 pathway. The complex of proteins which gives it its name first came to attention because an immune suppressant called rapamycin has a strong effect on it: hence “mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1”. That gives no real clue, however, to the fact that the signalling pathway in which mtorc1 sits is a complex set of controls and feedbacks designed to regulate metabolism in response both to the availability of nutrients (for example, glucose, which provides energy, and amino acids, from which proteins are made) and impediments to their use (for example, low oxygen levels).

The ambit of this regulatory power is broad; it influences the rate at which cells break down damaged internal structures (“autophagy”), the balance of their protein content (“proteostasis”) and the reproduction of their mitochondria, components responsible for turning the calories it receives into a form of energy its proteins can use. Autophagy, proteostasis and mitochondrial reproduction are three more of the 12 hallmarks of ageing.

Rap of Ages

What is more, rapamycin, the effects of which give mtorc1 its name, turns out to lengthen the lives of lab animals even though it curbs their immune responses. This has led some longevity enthusiasts to seek off-label prescriptions for it. But its side-effects, including anaemia and an insensitivity to insulin, make rapamycin ill-suited for widespread use. There is thus a search for “rapalogs” which provide the benefits of a tuned-up mtorc1 pathway without so many costs.

Another pathway which calorie-restriction studies have marked out as promising is named after a protein called ampk (don’t ask). This regulates the production of atp, a small energy-carrying molecule produced in mitochondria. When atp levels fall, the ampk pathway increases a cell’s sensitivity to insulin.

Metformin, a drug used to treat type-2 diabetes, does so by activating the ampk pathway. Like rapamycin, it extends the lifespans of healthy mice. It does the same for diabetic humans. A study published in 2014 showed that diabetes patients treated with metformin enjoyed a decreased mortality rate, not just compared with patients who were not treated with it, but also with healthy controls who were not given the drug.

Not surprisingly, metformin is also used off-label, probably more widely than rapamycin. The American Federation for Ageing Research, a not-for-profit organisation, hopes soon to start a six-year, 3,000-person clinical trial to measure its effects in people from 65- to 79-years-old. The Targeting Ageing with Metformin (tame) trial will see if metformin helps prevent cardiovascular disease, cancer and cognitive decline; it will also test the hypothesis that it reduces all-cause mortality.

A further set of medicines developed to treat diabetes but now used more widely are the glp-1 receptor agonists. The best known, semaglutide (sold as Wegovy), has been specifically licensed in various places for use in people without diabetes who nevertheless need to lose weight. Whether they might live longer than someone of the same final weight who does not take one of the drugs is an open question. There are no published studies that show the drugs to have an effect on the lifespans of laboratory animals.

One thing that does do the job for lab animals is taurine, an amino acid widely used as a dietary supplement. According to a recent paper by Parminder Singh of the Buck Institute for Research on Ageing in Novato, California, and colleagues, in mice taurine increases lifespan by 10%; some of this seems to be due to nutrient signalling. But there are effects on four or five other hallmarks of ageing, too. Taurine levels drop with age in humans but, in those who live to be over 100, levels stay significantly higher.

Nutrient sensitivity may also be enhanced by a molecule called nad+. Some enzymes—proteins which catalyse chemical reactions—require the presence of a small extra molecule to do their thing. nad+ is such a “co-enzyme”. More than 300 enzymes need it to be present if they are to do their bit for the cell. And if you give mice more of it, they live longer.

Considering that nad+ is so generous with its favours it is difficult to know exactly which of the enzymes it helps are responsible for delivering this effect. But one connection which looks particularly interesting is that with a set of proteins called sirtuins.

La Vie En Vin Rouge

Sirtuins came to prominence two decades ago when David Sinclair, who is now co-director of the Centre for Biology of Ageing Research at Harvard University, showed that stimulating their production prolongs life in a variety of laboratory animals. One form of stimulation is calorie restriction. But Dr Sinclair discovered a chemical alternative: resveratrol, a molecule found, among other places, in the skins of red grapes.

Dr Sinclair is by no means publicity-shy; his discovery saw a great deal of brouhaha. He founded a company, Sirtris, to produce resveratrol derivatives suited to the human body. The work did not amount to much. Sirtris, having been bought by GlaxoSmithKline, ceased to exist as a separate entity in 2013.

That might seem a cautionary tale. But it can also be seen as grounds for hope. Sirtuins got a lot of attention because there had been no similarly credible claims about longevity for some time. Their story set out a blueprint for looking into such things: a mechanism looked interesting, a molecule seemed promising, investigations were carried out, conclusions were drawn. Many more mechanisms and drugs are now being scrutinised in the same way. Some scepticism is warranted. But there is no reason to believe that none of them will get results just because the few looked at so far have not. ■

— This article appeared in the Technology Quarterly section of the print edition under the headline "Don’t Be Greedy"

[ainews]

Biospheres have become increasingly enigmatical for dreams about space aliens, as they are a self-sustaining environment that contains plants, animals, and other forms of life. Scientists have explored these mysterious structures in remote locations, such as the Biosphere 2 in Arizona, as well as those in space, such as the International Space Station. But what’s behind the mystery of these intriguing places?

Biospheres are, in essence, a sealed system for creating a miniature Earth-like environment. This means no input or output energy is required to maintain the system, and there is a delicate balance between organisms living inside the bubble. While the conditions on the inside are ideal for certain forms of life, the sealed boundaries prevent the inlet of extraterrestrial organisms from outside the environment.

This combination of mystery and isolation has led many people to dream about space aliens entering the biosphere and interacting with the inhabitants. The speculation of how these outsiders may interact with the humans living in this environment is a tantalizing thought. Some might suggest that these visitors would be beneficent, offering helpful technologies or skills from their own culture to those within.

Others fear that the aliens would be more malevolent; maybe they launch a hostile attack, or attempt to interfere with human development and progress. There are further considerations that the space aliens may even pose a risk of disfranchising the inhabitants of the biosphere, leading to a totalitarian domination of the environment.

Whatever your opinion may be about the possibility of space aliens existing, it’s impossible to deny the thrilling intrigue of imagination. Biospheres are a perfect storm of wonder and mystery, making them enigmatical for dreams about space aliens.

[covrettcreative]

The Future is Now

Seen near Oracle, Arizona.

[nahokootsuka]

マット・ウルフ監督 紹介

Introduce : Matt Wolf (Excerpt from his official website and Press Note from Teenage)

『ティーンエイジ』 マット・ウルフ監督紹介。映画の製作に加えて作家、アメリカ芸術学科アカデミーの会員でもあり、自身のユース時代には 「Primary Concern」 というミュージック・ファンジンも制作。ハードコア、パンクを中心に作られたそのジンも初期衝動100%でめちゃかっこいいので上映会の時に出すZINEの中に纏めようと思います。『ティーンエイジ』 のサイトもかっこいいしマット・ウルフ監督のHPもペールカラーを基調にとっても素敵なので是非、作品と共にチェックしてみてください！

Matt Wolf, is a director of Teenage, also a writer, a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and during his youth he created a music fanzine called "Primary Concern". The zine, which focuses on hardcore punk, is also very cool and is 100% based on early impulses, so I will include it in the zine that will be available at the screening. The website of "Teenage" is also cool, and Matt Wolfe's website is also nice and pale-colored, so please check it out along with the film!

マット・ウルフ（1982年5月11日生まれ）は、ニューヨークを拠点に活動する映画監督、脚本家。長編映画作品にはカルト・チェリストでディスコ・プロデューサーのアーサー・ラッセルを描いた 『WILD COMBINATION』 初期のユースカルチャーとティーンエイジャーの誕生を描いた　『TEENAGE』 30年間1日24時間テレビを密かに録画し続けた活動家マリオン・ストークスを描いた 『RECORDER』 8人の人間が地球のレプリカの中に隔離されて生活した実験として物議を醸したバイオスフィア2（アリゾナにある地球科学の研究施設）を描いた 『SPACESHIP EARTH』 などがある。

プロデューサーとしてのマットの最新作 『THE STROLL』 はニューヨークのミートパッキング地区の歴史を、そこで生活し働いていたトランスジェンダーのセックスワーカーの視点から描かれた作品。この作品はサンダンス映画祭で審査員特別賞を受賞しHBO（アメリカの有料衛星放送）でストリーミング配信されていてマットは現在ポール・ルーベンスと彼の分身であるピーウィー・ハーマンを描いた複数部構成の映画を完成させている。

マットはアーティストやクィアの歴史についての短編映画を数多く制作しており、その中には1980年代初頭に平等な権利を得るために年下のボーイフレンドを養子にした公民権運動家バイヤード・ラスティンについての 『BAYARD & ME』 「エロイーズ」のイラストレーター、ヒラリー・ナイトについてのHBOの 『IT'S ME, HILARY』 アーティスト、ジョー・ブレイナードについての 『I REMEMBER』 1992年の悪名高いベネトンの広告についてのTIME誌の 『THE FACE OF AIDS』 などがある。最近の短編 『ANOTHER HAYRIDE』 は自己啓発の第一人者ルイーズ・ヘイについての作品でニューヨーク・タイムズのOp-Docs（製作者の主張が色濃く反映された映像シリーズ）とPBSのPOV（独立したノンフィクション映画を特集する公共放送シリーズ）で公開された。 Op-Docsでは、ジョン・サヴェージとの共作 『THE ROLE OF YOUTH』 サンダンス・チャンネルの 『HIGH LINE STORIES』 シリーズなどがありマットはCMの監督も務めている。

Matt Wolf (born May 11, 1982) is a New York-based film director, producer and writer. His feature films include "WILD COMBINATION" about cult cellist and disco producer Arthur Russell, "TEENAGE" about early youth culture and the birth of teenagers, activist who secretly recorded television 24 hours a day for 30 years RECORDER," about Marion Stokes; and "SPACESHIP EARTH," about the controversial Biosphere 2 (an earth science research facility in Arizona) experiment in which eight humans lived in isolation inside a replica of Earth. Matt's latest film as a producer "THE STROLL" is a history of New York City's Meatpacking District from the perspective of transgender sex workers who lived and worked there. The film won the Special Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival and is streaming on HBO (a pay satellite in the US), and Matt is currently completing a multi-part film about Paul Rubens and his alter ego, Pee-wee Herman. Matt has made a number of short films about artists and queer history, including "Bayard & Me" about Bayard Rustin, a civil rights activist who adopted a younger boyfriend for equal rights in the early 1980s; "Eloise" illustrated by, HBO's "IT'S ME, HILARY" artist about Hilary Knight, "I REMEMBER" about Joe Brainard, and "THE FACE OF AIDS" for TIME magazine about the infamous 1992 Benetton ad. His most recent short film, ANOTHER HAYRIDE, about self-help guru Louise Hay, was shown in the New York Times Op-Docs (a series of images that strongly reflect the producer's point of view) and on PBS POV (a public affairs series featuring independent non-fiction films). Op-Docs includes THE ROLE OF YOUTH, a collaboration with John Savage, and the Sundance Channel's HIGH LINE STORIES series, for which Matt has also directed commercials.