#Antithrombotic

[livealthbiopharma]

https://livealthbiopharma.com/products_category/antithrombotic/

[roseaa11]

Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the antithrombotic drugs market was valued at USD 41,697.49 million in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 76,722.98 million by 2029, registering a CAGR of 7.92% during the forecast period of 2022 to 2029. In addition to the market insights such as market value, growth rate, market segments, geographical coverage, market players, and market scenario, the market report curated by the Data Bridge Market Research team also includes in-depth expert analysis, patient epidemiology, pipeline analysis, pricing analysis, and regulatory framework.

[didanawisgi]

“We found that NK at a dose of 10,800 FU/day effectively managed the progression of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia with a significant improvement in the lipid profile. A significant reduction in the thickness of the carotid artery intima-media and the size of the carotid plaque was observed. The improvement rates ranged from 66.5 to 95.4%. NK was found to be ineffective in lowering lipids and suppressing atherosclerosis progression at a dose of 3,600 FU/day. The lipid-lowering effect of NK was more prominent in subjects who smoked, drank alcohol, and subjects with higher BMI. Regular exercise further improved the effects of NK. Co-administration of vitamin K2 and aspirin with NK produced a synergetic effect.”

[adoctorx]

Kisunla (donanemab-azbt) is a prescription drug that’s used to treat Alzheimer’s disease in adults. This drug currently isn’t known to interact with other drugs. Note: As a person’s condition progresses, they may need help reading or understanding certain information about their treatment plan. This article contains details that may help caregivers learn more about key aspects of Kisunla. Does Kisunla interact with other drugs? An interaction can occur because one substance causes another substance to have a different effect than expected. Interactions can also occur if you have certain health conditions. Currently, Kisunla isn’t known to interact with other drugs. But this doesn’t mean interactions won’t be discovered in the future. For example, new drugs may be developed that interact with Kisunla. Before starting Kisunla treatment, tell your doctor and pharmacist about any prescription medications you take (such as antithrombotic drugs), as well as over-the-counter or other drugs you use. Sharing this information with them may help prevent possible interactions that may be discovered later. (To learn whether Kisunla interacts with herbs or vitamins and supplements, see the “Are there other interactions with Kisunla?” section.) If you have questions about drug interactions that may affect you, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. When should I avoid Kisunla? Certain health conditions or other factors could raise your risk of harm if you use Kisunla. In such cases, your doctor may not prescribe Kisunla for you. These are known as contraindications. Kisunla has one contraindication, which is described below. If you’ve had an allergic reaction: If you’ve had an allergic reaction to Kisunla or any of its ingredients, your doctor likely won’t prescribe Kisunla for you. This is because using the drug could cause another allergic reaction. You can ask your doctor about other treatments that may be better options for you. Does Kisunla interact with alcohol? Kisunla is not known to interact with alcohol. But alcohol can worsen Alzheimer’s disease. Because of this, your doctor may recommend that you limit the amount of alcohol you drink. If you have questions about consuming alcohol while using Kisunla, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. Are there other interactions with Kisunla? Kisunla may have other interactions. They could occur with supplements, foods, vaccines, or even lab tests. See below for details. Note that this information does not include all other possible interactions with Kisunla. Does Kisunla interact with supplements? Before you start Kisunla treatment, talk with your doctor and pharmacist about any herbs or vitamins and supplements you take. Sharing this information with them may help you avoid possible interactions. If you have questions about interactions that may affect you, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. Kisunla and herbs There are currently no reports of Kisunla interacting with herbs. But this doesn’t mean that interactions with herbs won’t be recognized in the future. For this reason, it’s still important to check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking any of these products while using Kisunla. Kisunla and vitamins There are currently no reports of Kisunla interacting with vitamins. But this doesn’t mean that vitamin interactions won’t be recognized in the future. For this reason, it’s still important to check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking any of these products while using Kisunla. Does Kisunla interact with food? There are currently no reports of Kisunla interacting with food. If you have questions about eating certain foods during your treatment with Kisunla, talk with your doctor. Does Kisunla interact with vaccines or lab tests? There are currently no reports of Kisunla interacting with vaccines or lab tests. If you have questions about receiving certain vaccines or having lab tests done during your Kisunla treatment, talk with your doctor.

Does Kisunla interact with cannabis or CBD? There are currently no reports of Kisunla interacting with cannabis (commonly called marijuana) or cannabis products such as cannabidiol (CBD). But, as with any drug or supplement, talk with your doctor before using cannabis with Kisunla. Note: Cannabis is illegal at a federal level but is legal in many states to varying degrees. Does my health history affect whether I should take Kisunla? Certain medical conditions or other health factors may raise the risk of interactions with Kisunla. Before using Kisunla, talk with your doctor about your health history. They’ll determine whether Kisunla is right for you. Health conditions or other factors that might interact with Kisunla include: A certain genetic risk factor: Having a genetic risk factor (homozygous apolipoprotein E ε4 gene carrier) can increase your risk of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). Kisunla has a boxed warning about the risk of ARIA. To learn more, see the “Boxed warning” section. Obstruction (blockage) in your intestines: Kisunla can cause an intestinal obstruction. If you have an existing obstruction, Kisunla may worsen it. Pregnancy: It’s not known whether Kisunla is safe to use during pregnancy. If you’re pregnant or planning a pregnancy, talk with your doctor before starting Kisunla treatment. Breastfeeding: It’s not known whether it’s safe to use Kisunla while breastfeeding. It’s not known whether the drug passes into breast milk and, if so, what side effects (if any) this may cause in a child who’s breastfed. If you’re breastfeeding or planning to do so, talk with your doctor about your options. Allergic reaction: If you’ve had an allergic reaction to Kisunla or any of its ingredients, your doctor will likely not prescribe Kisunla. This is because using the drug could cause another allergic reaction. You can ask your doctor about other treatments that may be better choices for you. How can I prevent interactions? Taking certain steps can help you avoid interactions with Kisunla. Before starting treatment, talk with your doctor and pharmacist. Things to discuss with them include: whether you drink alcohol or use cannabis other medications you take, as well as any vitamins, supplements, and herbs (they can also help you fill out a medication list) what to do if you start taking a new drug during your Kisunla treatment It’s also important to understand Kisunla’s label and other paperwork that may come with the drug. Colored stickers that describe interactions may be on the label. And the paperwork (sometimes called the patient package insert or medication guide) may have other details about interactions. (If you did not get paperwork with Kisunla, ask your pharmacist to print a copy for you.) If you have trouble reading or understanding this information, your doctor or pharmacist can help. Using Kisunla exactly as prescribed can also help prevent interactions. Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up to date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or another healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

[gireportstory]

Global Bovine Heparin Sodium Market [2024-2030] | Market Size, Growth, Dynamics and Trends

Global Info Research’s  report offers key insights into the recent developments in the global Bovine Heparin Sodium market that would help strategic decisions. It also provides a complete analysis of the market size, share, and potential growth prospects. Additionally, an overview of recent major trends, technological advancements, and innovations within the market are also included.Our report further provides readers with comprehensive insights and actionable analysis on the market to help them make informed decisions. Furthermore, the research report includes qualitative and quantitative analysis of the market to facilitate a comprehensive market understanding.This Bovine Heparin Sodium research report will help market players to gain an edge over their competitors and expand their presence in the market.

According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Bovine Heparin Sodium market size was valued at USD 41 million in 2023 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD 60 million by 2030 with a CAGR of 5.6% during review period.

Bovine intestinal enoxaparin sodium and its injections can be used in anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and halal drugs, that is, it has the halal property that porcine enoxaparin sodium does not have, and is widely used in Muslims, countries and countries. The region has a huge market. Global 5 largest manufacturers of Bovine Heparin Sodium are Bacto Chem, Syntex, Kin Master Produtos Químicos Ltda, Alliance Brasil and Ralington Pharma, which make up over 70%. Among them, Bacto Chem dominates with over 20% production value share, followed by Syntex (17%) and Kin Master Produtos Químicos Ltda (14%). Top manufacturers are based in South America, India and China.

Asia Pacific is the largest market, holding a share over 30%, followed by Europe and South America, with shares 30% and 20% separately.

Based on the product type, the Bovine Heparin Sodium is split into Type A and Type B.

Based on the product Application, the Bovine Heparin Sodium is primarily split into Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism, Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter and Complications of Pregnancy. The largest segment is Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism, accounting for nearly 70%.

The Global Info Research report includes an overview of the development of the Bovine Heparin Sodium industry chain, the market status of Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism (Type A, Type B), Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter (Type A, Type B), and key enterprises in developed and developing market, and analysed the cutting-edge technology, patent, hot applications and market trends of Bovine Heparin Sodium.

Regionally, the report analyzes the Bovine Heparin Sodium markets in key regions. North America and Europe are experiencing steady growth, driven by government initiatives and increasing consumer awareness. Asia-Pacific, particularly China, leads the global Bovine Heparin Sodium market, with robust domestic demand, supportive policies, and a strong manufacturing base.

We have conducted an analysis of the following leading players/manufacturers in the Bovine Heparin Sodium industry: Kin Master Produtos Químicos Ltda、Syntex、Bacto Chem、Wegmed - Caminhos Medicinais Ltda、Alliance Brasil、Ralington Pharma、Hebei Changshan Biochemical Pharmaceutical、Suzhou Ronnsi Pharma Market segment by Type： Type A、Type B Market segment by Application：Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism、Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter、Complications of Pregnancy、Others Report analysis: The Bovine Heparin Sodium report encompasses a diverse array of critical facets, comprising feasibility analysis, financial standing, merger and acquisition insights, detailed company profiles, and much more. It offers a comprehensive repository of data regarding marketing channels, raw material expenses, manufacturing facilities, and an exhaustive industry chain analysis. This treasure trove of information equips stakeholders with profound insights into the feasibility and fiscal sustainability of various facets within the market. Illuminates the strategic maneuvers executed by companies, elucidates their corporate profiles, and unravels the intricate dynamics of the industry value chain. In sum, the Bovine Heparin Sodium report delivers a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the markets multifaceted dynamics, empowering stakeholders with the knowledge they need to make informed decisions and navigate the market landscape effectively. Conducts a simultaneous analysis of production capacity, market value, product categories, and diverse applications within the Bovine Heparin Sodium market. It places a spotlight on prime regions while also performing a thorough examination of potential threats and opportunities, coupled with an all-encompassing SWOT analysis. This approach empowers stakeholders with insights into production capabilities, market worth, product diversity, and the markets application prospects. Assesses strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, offering stakeholders a comprehensive understanding of the Bovine Heparin Sodium markets landscape and the essential information needed to make well-informed decisions. Market Size Estimation & Method Of Prediction

Estimation of historical data based on secondary and primary data.

Anticipating market recast by assigning weightage to market forces (drivers, restraints, opportunities)

Freezing historical and forecast market size estimations based on evolution, trends, outlook, and strategies

Consideration of geography, region-specific product/service demand for region segments

Consideration of product utilization rates, product demand outlook for segments by application or end-user.

Request Customization of Report@ https://www.globalinforesearch.com/contact-us About Us: Global Info Research is a company that digs deep into Global industry information to Bovine Heparin Sodium enterprises with market strategies and in-depth market development analysis reports. We provide market information consulting services in the Global region to Bovine Heparin Sodium enterprise strategic planning and official information reporting, and focuses on customized research, management consulting, IPO consulting, industry chain research, database and top industry services. At the same time, Global Info Research is also a report publisher, a customer and an interest-based suppliers, and is trusted by more than 30,000 companies around the world. We will always carry out all aspects of our business with excellent expertise and experience.

[rooted-active-naturals]

Amazing Health Benefits of Reishi Mushroom Extract Powder

Reishi mushroom extract powder is a nutrient-rich health supplement made from ground reishi mushrooms. It contains several Ganoderma benefits compounds such as polysaccharides, triterpenes and sterols that give it numerous therapeutic effects including strengthened immunity, reduced inflammation, improved sleep quality and enhanced energy levels. Additionally, Reishi mushroom extract powder boosts cognitive function providing mental clarity and focus while supporting the liver in cleansing toxins from our bodies. Reishi Mushroom Extract Powder Taken regularly as part of an overall healthy lifestyle routine, Reishi mushroom extract can help protect against illnesses and enhance physical performance naturally without any adverse side effects.

Ganoderma is a mushroom that has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. It is known to have many Ganoderma benefits, including helping support the immune system, promoting cardiovascular health, supporting brain function and cognitive performance, reducing inflammation and improving digestion. Recent studies suggest Reishi Mushroom may also be beneficial for people suffering from cancer as it can help reduce tumour size and improve survival rates when combined with other treatments. Additionally, Reishi contains compounds which act as antioxidants to protect against oxidative stress in the body.

Top 4 Health Benefits Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) benefits:

Anti Stress

Reishi mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum) have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for their range of healing properties to calming stress. Reishi Mushroom Extract Powder has proven highly effective when taken daily as it helps decrease cortisol levels and promote relaxation while improving overall well-being.

Cardio Health

Reishi mushroom extract powder is increasingly being touted as a natural way to improve cardio health. Studies have shown that reishi contains numerous compounds which possess anti-inflammatory and blood pressure-lowering effects, both of which can help reduce your risk for heart disease and stroke. Reishi has also been linked to lower cholesterol levels, improved exercise capacity (in some cases), better circulation, reduced fatigue after activity, and enhanced immune system response. It is also rich in antioxidants which can protect the body from oxidative stress and free radical damage caused by everyday activities such as exercising or smoking. For best results, it’s recommended to take around 2 grams per day of reishi mushroom extract or supplement form for at least 8 weeks for optimal benefits on overall cardio health.

Support Blood Pressure

Reishi mushroom extract powder has potential health benefits for people with high blood pressure. Studies show that compounds in reishi can reduce systolic and diastolic BP while exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects on the cardiovascular system. Other studies also suggest reishi may help lower total cholesterol levels. To get the most out of Ganoderma Benefits, experts recommend taking 300 –600 milligrams of a dried extract form daily over an 8 weeks or longer to achieve optimal results.

Liver Health

Reishi mushroom extract powder has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries due to its ability to improve liver health. Specifically, reishi is believed to be beneficial for supporting the body’s detoxification process and helping the liver regenerate itself, as well as protecting it from damage by free radicals. Studies have indicated that consuming reishi may help reduce inflammation of the liver cells, increasing immunity against diseases such as hepatitis B and C, while also promoting healthy cholesterol levels in those at risk of fatty liver disease.

Conclusions:

After researching Reishi mushrooms it is clear that they have been around for centuries and are highly valued in herbal medicine. They can be consumed raw, cooked or even brewed into tea to take advantage of their many health benefits such as increasing energy levels, boosting immunity and reducing stress. Additionally, due to the range of powerful antioxidants found in these mushrooms, regular consumption may support longevity and improve overall well-being.

Original Source: https://www.rootedactives.com/blogs/news/amazing-health-benefits-of-reishi-mushroom-extract-powder

[jim-fetter-illustrations]

Bloody Mary Cocktail Popsicles!

Anyone who truly knows me, knows my favorite drink is a Bloody Mary.

That spicy tomato juice in a glass with a few stalks of celery make a perfect meal to me.

So when I saw these quick and delicious versions of bloody Mary Popsicles down on the waterfront in the heat of the day, I just had to make some myself. They are the perfect adult summer time treat. A new take on the traditional bloody Mary cocktail, Frozen solid and the celery stalk is the handle,.............. Brilliant to say the least!

So even though you are an adult you can now enjoy a Popsicle and remember what being a kid was like again,....... except this time with a slight buzz...........

Ya see, and most people don't know this, but a Bloody Mary is probably the healthiest drink cocktail you could be drinking..... Here's why;.................

The Celery stalk in your Bloody Mary contains phthalides which relaxes smooth muscle in blood vessels, improving their elasticity and increasing blood flow helping to lower blood pressure. And Celery is almost 95% water, making it a great snack to help you stay hydrated. Celery contains insoluble rich fiber, which can help with digestion and weight management. Celery contains antioxidants like vitamin C, beta carotene, and flavonoids that can protect cells, blood vessels, and organs from oxidative damage. Celery contains phytonutrients that can reduce inflammation.

And why i usually have two or three celery stalks in my Bloody Mary.

The Tomato juice in your Bloody Mary contains lycopene, which improves endothelium-regulated vasodilation and increases bioavailability. Tomato juice also contains other compounds with pharmacological activities, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and antithrombotics. These compounds may have vasoactive effects that contribute to the beneficial effects of tomato juice on cardiovascular health.

The Worcestershire sauce in your Bloody Mary is made from a combination of fermented anchovies, vinegar, tamarind, molasses, onions, and various spices which improves cognitive function and joint health.

Everything in a Bloody Mary, even the Vodka has health benefits in moderation.

A recent longevity study at at Boston University suggests that people should limit their alcohol intake to one to two drinks per day, and the best nutritional cocktail to drink is a Bloody Mary.

In essence, Bloody Marys:

Promote weight loss,

Prevent kidney stones,

Help you fight cancer,

Improve cardiovascular health,

Decrease chance of heart disease,

Improve cognitive function,

Help joint health.

Here's another fascinating Tid-Bit,...... Ancient rumors suggest Ponce de León, who is thought to have accompanied Christopher Columbus on his second voyage to the New World in 1493, searched for the fountain of youth, but never found it, so he invented the Bloody Mary Drink instead, at a bar in Paris where the nutritional drink became globally popular and extended the longevity of millions whom drank it's waters............ that's what I heard anyway,............. Lol

Like

Comment

Share

[crimsonpublishersnutrition]

Prospective Study: Sea Cucumber Flour as a Food Supplement

Sea cucumbers (holoturia) are considered a dietary delicacy, being widely used in medicinal healing by Asians over the centuries; they are rich in bioactive compounds with the potential to exert several actions in the body, namely: Anticancer, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic and antitumor. The sea cucumber drying process, as used for the flour production, maintains their functional properties. Thus, in view of the benefits associated with the consumption of sea cucumber to human health, evidenced by scientific research, a market diagnosis was carried out for its flour as a food supplement. This study aimed to carry out market research to assess the interest of Brazilians in the consumption of sea cucumber flour. Market prospecting research for sea cucumber flour was carried out using the survey monkey tool. The structured questionnaire consisted of ten closed questions, which were answered by 100 people. The public interviewed was heterogeneous: 36% between 15 and 25 years old; 11% between 26 and 35 years old; 12% between 36 and 45 years old, 18% between 46 and 55 years old and 23% of the public over 55 years old. About 97% claimed to have never consumed sea cucumbers or derivatives, but 91% expressed interest in consuming sea cucumber-based flour, given its nutraceutical potential. Among the levels of interest: 33% reasonable, 46% interested and 13% very interested; and 67% indicated the preferential acquisition in capsule form. Regarding the cost for 100g of the product: 64% would pay up to 3.89 dollars, 33% between 4.08 and 5.83 dollars and only 3% would pay more than 5.83 dollars. As for the frequency of consumption: 53% would consume daily. Conclusion: The research indicated market potential for sea cucumber flour, especially in capsules, as a food supplement. However, most of these animals come from extractive fisheries. Thus, it is a challenging task to reconcile the conservation need with the socioeconomic importance of fisheries. In this sense, to encourage the production of these organisms through aquaculture and the sea cucumber flour production with added value, will meet the prospects of the current market that seeks greaterhealthiness through nutrition and/or supplementation and foods with a lower carbon emission.

Read more about this article: https://crimsonpublishers.com/ntnf/fulltext/NTNF.000657.php

Read more aticles: https://crimsonpublishers.com/ntnf/index.php

[nidarsanafwr]

https://uchatoo.com/read-blog/6852_antithrombotic-drugs-market-analysis-size-share-and-forecast-2031.html

Antithrombotic Drugs Market Analysis, Size, Share, and Forecast 2031

[turmericblacf]

A Peek At Turmeric Black Pepper Ginger

Studies have shed profound light on the multifaceted benefits of curcumin, a potent compound found abundantly in turmeric, with a particular focus on bolstering cardiovascular health. Delving into its intricate mechanism, studies have revealed curcumin's extraordinary ability to improve endothelial function and preserve the integrity of blood vessels, thus marking a significant breakthrough in the field of natural supplements for health. Maintaining the integrity and functionality of the endothelial barrier is vital to prevent numerous cardiovascular issues that include hypertension, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Through various mechanisms of action curcumin has been identified as a promising ally in maintaining the health of endothelial cells. Its potent antioxidant properties help combat oxidative stress, which is the primary cause of endothelial dysfunction as well as vascular damage. Through scavenging free radicals as well as reducing oxidative burden by reducing oxidative burden, curcumin assists in maintaining an endothelium's structural as well as functional strength, which is a good thing for the vascular system. Additionally, curcumin has potent anti inflammatory effects that reduce chronic low-grade inflammation which is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Inflammation can not only affect endothelial function, but can also cause plaque formation arterial stiffness, plaque formation, and thrombotic events. By modulating inflammatory pathways and the cytokine production curcumin can help reduce the inflammation of arteries, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.

Alongside its immediate effects on the health of endothelial cells and cardiovascular health, curcumin also exerts indirect actions through its various effects on the pharmacological system. Research suggests that curcumin can improve the lipid profile by reducing levels of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides as well as raising HDL cholesterol, which can reduce the endothelial dysfunction caused by lipids and atherosclerosis progress. Curcumin also has antithrombotic properties by inhibiting the aggregation of platelets and thrombus formation, thereby reducing the risk of clot-related cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The vasodilatory properties of curcumin, linked to the regulation of nitric oxide synthesis as well as signaling pathways, aid in improved vascular relaxation and blood pressure regulation. In the field of natural supplements, the growing availability of organic options has changed the game and provided consumers with a plethora of choices to address their diverse health concerns and needs. Online platforms have emerged as centers of wellness, providing a convenient and accessible avenue for individuals to explore and buy organic supplements that are enriched with curcumin. Of the many products offered, there are turmeric and ginger capsules include turmeric black pepper, ginger capsules, as well as organic turmeric capsules that contain both ginger and black pepper are top examples of synergistic mixes designed to boost health benefits.

Harnessing the complementary characteristics of these plant ingredients, these formulations offer an effective blend of antioxidant, anti inflammatory and digestive supportive properties and are designed to meet the needs of those who seek holistic solutions to health. The understanding of curcumin's capabilities in bolstering cardiovascular health represents an important step forward in the realm of natural medicine. The accessibility of organic supplements which are rich in curcumin such as the turmeric and ginger capsules or ginger and black pepper turmeric capsules, underscores the growing demand for holistic and sustainable solutions for supporting the health of your cardiovascular system. As consumers increasingly prioritize wellbeing and health organic supplements act as a beacon of hope, empowering individuals to take proactive measures towards nurturing their vitality and longevity.

[hyperobsession]

*sniffing* *sniffing*

....

*secretly invades the ask box*

Hello we tried to reach you and tell you that you're doing good, but you were too anxious. Here- 🍪 have a cookie. You want a drink? 🥤 There. It's your favorite. Oh- hold on-

*searching in side pocket*

🧄 don't forget the daily garlic

*leaves the ask box*

Thanks anon 💖!

Did you spy on me, because how else would you know about my daily ingestion of garlic. Or it's just coincidence of healthy living? Sounds like something spy would say!!!

Btw as everybody knows garlic is good for you and any blood sucking vampires (eh,eh Astarion ehh) as it's antithrombotic.

Thanks a lot for the ask💖!

[sandeep-health-care]

Management of Cerebrovascular Steno-Occlusive Disease

Patients with steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease are at risk of ischemic symptoms from haemodynamic insufficiency in the presence of reversible hypoperfusion, exhausted autoregulation and impaired vasodilatory reserve. Multidisciplinary management approach includes blood pressure management, antithrombotic therapy, treatment of underlying brain-body interactions targeted at optimising cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery, and revascularisation procedures.

Patients with symptomatic stenoocclusive disease have a risk of recurrent stroke of at least 10-15 per cent within 5 years. Progressive atherosclerosis of internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the most common cause of impaired distal cerebral perfusion with cerebral misery hypoperfusion

Cerebral Hypoperfusion & Collateral Circulation In the setting of cerebral hypoperfusion, recurrent ischaemic events occur depending on the following factors: (1) amount of collateral cerebral circulation; (2) extent of haemodynamic impairment; (3) age; (4) cardiac status; (5) presence of metabolic syndrome of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance; (6) factors affecting coagulation, blood oxygen carrying capacity and delivery (such as anaemia and other haematology disorders, systemic infections and sepsis, renal and hepatic disorders).

In addition to the traditional cerebral ischaemic symptomatology pertaining to the affected vascular territory (Table 2), orthostatic symptoms, syncope, transient global amnesia, episodic limb shaking and watershed infarction are possible.

In states of misery perfusion, compensatory cerebral vasodilation is not possible as the cerebral autoregulatory capacity is exhausted and, as a result, cerebral blood flow decreases proportionally with cerebral perfusion pressure (Figure 1). Possible cerebral collateral circulation routes include: (1) contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA) through anterior communicating artery; (2) posterior circulation via posterior communicating artery; (3) leptomeningeal or pial collaterals; (4) collateral circulation from external carotid artery (ECA) with retrograde flow and connections with ophthalmic artery, extracranial connections between ECA or vertebral artery (VA) branches and distal ICA; (5) collaterals through dural meningeal arteries to cortical arteries; (6) anterior cerebral artery (ACA)-posterior cerebral artery (PCA) connections via the limbic loop; and (7) anterior spinal artery collaterals with the vertebrobasilar circulation.

Medical management principles Medical management strategies are essential to treatment of cerebral ischaemic events and prevention of recurrent strokes in face of cerebral hypoperfusion. These include: (1) cautious individualised blood pressure management (usually systolic blood pressure targets of 130-160 mmHg for those with severe bilateral carotid stenoses); (2) maintenance of fluid status to maintain appropriate plasma oncotic pressures for adequate cerebral perfusion; (3) anti-platelet and anticoagulant therapies (single anti-platelet agent and anticoagulant for those with embolic strokes or in the setting of cardiac arrthymias; dual anti-platelet therapy, with laboratory evidence of responsiveness to these agents, for those with atherosclerotic disease or perforator events), (4) statin, and (5) glycaemic control.

Treatment of underlying brainbody interactions are also essential, including attention to haemodynamic stability, cardiac status, optimising cerebral oxygen delivery with avoidance of anaemia, goal-directed therapy for sepsis, optimisation of renal perfusion and avoidance of coagulopathy and encephalopathy due to underlying multi-systemic involvement, particularly renal or hepatic impairment.

Identification of surgical candidate For patients with symptomatic severe (> 70 per cent) carotid stenosis, carotid endarterectomy or angioplasty/stenting is considered. Thrombectomy is considered for patients with embolic strokes to large size cerebral vessels. For patients who have been medically optimised but are still at risk of ischaemic symptoms of haemodynamic insufficiency due to ICA/MCA stenosis/occlusion in the setting of hypotension or orthostasis, one can identify candidates with reversible hypoperfusion, exhausted autoregulation and impaired vasodilatory reserve. Consideration of extracranialintracranial bypass procedure can be reliably made to identify patients who have reasonable chances of augmentable flow-induced long-term cerebral blood flow re-organisation (collateral shift) while preventing future hypoperfusion events. Identification of these candidates is made after blood pressure management, antithrombotic therapy and treatment of underlying brainbody interactions targeted at optimising cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery.

Investigational adjuncts In addition to clinical findings on presentation and with monitoring (Table 2), other adjunctive investigations are useful in identifying such surgical candidates. CT perfusion scans demonstrate ischaemic penumbra of increased time-to-peak (TTP, time between first arrival of CT contrast intracranially and its peak concentration), increased mean transit time (MTT, average time for blood to travel through a volume of brain), with relatively preserved cerebral blood volume (CBV) due to vasodilation and recruitment of collateral flow, and decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF). As reference, an infarcted core shows increased TTP, increased MTT, decreased CBV and decreased CBF. SPECT (single photon emission computerised tomography) scan with acetazolamide (DiamoxTM) is used to identify patients with haemodynamic insufficiency who exhibit reversible hypoperfusion and decreased cerebrovascular reactivity when challenged with acetazolamide (Figure 3a-c). In those who are in the misery perfusion stage of haemodynamic insufficiency, they are already maximally vasodilated and dysautoregulated. In this regard, they cannot further vasodilate in response to increased carbon dioxide tension from diuretic acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

Quantitative MR angiography (q-MRA)’s non-invasive optimal vessel analysis (NOVA) is also essential to quantify and measure blood flow through large vessels of the Circle of Willis (Figure 3b). Together with formal cerebral angiography, it can be used to estimate pial and collateral flow. It gives reasonable estimates of augmentable flow to ensure appropriate blood velocity ranges after bypass, and also in anticipation of longer term collateral shift, cerebral blood flow re-organisation.

Surgical procedure Direct superficial temporal artery (STA) [donor] and middle cerebral artery (MCA) M4 cortical branch [recipient] bypass is generally preferred. Meticulous attention to blood pressure control, maintenance of intravascular volume and depth of anaesthesia are essential to avoid cerebral hypoperfusion during these cases with underlying steno-occlusive disease. Intraoperative end-to-side anastomoses are performed using 10-0 nylon sutures with indocyanine green (ICG) and intra-operative angiographic confirmation of anastomotic patency. Individualised blood pressure goals with gradual liberalisation of these parameters are done post-operatively with continuation of antithrombotic agents to maintain anastomotic patency and to avoid reperfusion-related injury.

Read More: https://www.europeanhhm.com/medical-sciences/management-of-cerebrovascular-steno-occlusive-disease

[homeremedylifestyle]

Priapism