#Anne Cleland Kinloch

[john-laurens]

Captn Gillon will deliver you £50 sterling which your Sister & myself intreat the favour of you to lay out for us the articles you'll see in the enclosed memorandum if it should be the least inconvenient to you do it, be so kind as to write out the mem. fair & give it to Gillon, who will get them, but you must be much altered indeed if you don't love still to serve the Ladies, the knitting thread is for my own work As I am grow So old I can't see to do any other, any old woman of your acquaintance will get that for you the paper & quills you must send or expect no more letters from America both being at present being very scarce here, Gillon is a very good judge of all the things sent for & you may if you please take his advice, if you remember how you used to wear & tare your own cloaths, & can get any thing that you think will be strong & dark coloured to make Breeches, for just such a graceless raking fellow as you was once, send a piece, we should be glad of one of the then same colour & of a lighter of any french cloth whatever to make Bens coats.

Anne Cleland Kinloch to her son Francis Kinloch, in a letter from 1776

From “Kinloch family history and genealogy research files” from the South Carolina Historical Society Archives

I do enjoy reading Anne's letters to Francis - they have a common theme of being simultaneously endearing and patronizing. I find it funny that she called young Francis a "raking fellow." Given the context, I assume she meant it in a "constantly getting scraped up" kind of way, but I think it's fair to say that Francis grew up to become a rake in the "promiscuous degenerate" kind of way.

I also wonder if Francis fulfilled his mother's requests. The Ben referred to in the letter is likely Benjamin Huger, who was the husband of Mary Esther Kinloch (Francis's sister). Given their starkly different political opinions, Francis hated Benjamin and even wanted to write Benjamin out of his will at one point.

[vive-la-revolution]

OKAY TIME TO NERD OUT ABOUT FRANCIS KINLOCH

francis kinloch had brown hair and brown eyes. how did i come to this conclusion, you ask?

there is only one surviving picture of francis’ mother, ann isabella cleland. after running it through multiple colorizers, they all came back with a similar product.

thus implying that she had black hair. there are no portraits of his father, so the majority of what comes next is guesswork.

we all know That One Portrait of francis. however, it is the only one in survival.

because his hair is powdered, the colorizers didn’t help me much with that, but i did get a great peek at his eyes.

they are clearly brown.

the only one of his children with a portrait was his daughter, eliza. colorized, we can guess she looked something like this:

brown hair, brown eyes.

his wife, however, did not have these exact features, but no problem whatsoever.

as one can tell, his wife martha had blonde-reddish hair and blue eyes.

our saving grace? all of those genes are recessive. brown hair is the most dominant gene, along with brown eyes and curly hair (one of which can be seen as inherited from her mother, although it’s hard to tell without record of francis’ father.)

going back to francis and his mother; black hair is recessive only to brown, so one can assume that his father had at least one brown hair gene, in order for francis to pass the allele down to his daughter. off of implication, the punnet square would’ve looked something like this, with B standing for the brown gene, and b for black:

because there was no clear idea of what francis’ father carried, i used the black gene as an example. either way, the brown hair still would’ve come up dominant.

as for his eyes, that would be a little harder to tell had brown eyes not been the most dominant eye color allele. francis’ nephew, however, had green eyes. green is an in-the-middle color, as it is recessive to brown yet dominant to blue. since there are no surviving portraits of his nephew’s parents, we’ll assume that the green-eye gene came from his mother, francis’ sister.

in this square, B represents brown and g for green, going off the assumption that both parents carried the green gene:

no matter what combination you put in this square, whether brown and green, brown and blue, brown and brown, the brown eyes would have always come up as dominant.

i’m conclusion, francis kinloch most likely had a combination of brown hair and brown eyes.

[scotianostra]

June 22nd 1679 saw the Battle of Bothwell Bridge.

Two of my previous posts tie in with this one.

More Royalty and religion and needless loss of life in this battle, or not so much the battle itself, but the aftermath during a shameful period of our history known as the 'killing time',

Following his restoration to the throne, King Charles II gradually imposed strict controls on the religions practised throughout his kingdoms. In particular the Presbyterian Covenanters of Scotland were singled out and persecuted for their beliefs.

If you remember my post on June 1st about the Battle of Drumclog when the Covenanters had a surprise victory against the experienced campaigner John Graham, Bonnie Dundee, this was a direct reply from the Government, the Covenanters spent the next few weeks building their strength, as did the government. Charles’ son James, Duke of Monmouth was sent north to take command, and the militia were raised.

The Covenanters had established their camp on the south bank of the Clyde, north of Hamilton. The rebels numbered  around 6000 men, but were poorly disciplined and deeply divided by religious disagreements. They had few competent commanders, being nominally led by Robert Hamilton of Preston, although his rigid stance against the Indulged ministers only encouraged division. 

The preacher Donald Cargill and William Cleland, the victor of Drumclog, were present, as were David Hackston of Rathillet and John Balfour of Kinloch, known as Burley, who were among the group who murdered Archbishop Sharp,(see my May 3rd post for details of this). The government army numbered around 5000 regular troops and militia, and was commanded by Monmouth, supported by Claverhouse and the Earl of Linlithgow.

Battle centred around the narrow bridge across the Clyde, the passage of which Monmouth was required to force in order to come at the Covenanters. Hackston led the defence of the bridge for them, but his men lacked artillery and ammunition, and were forced to withdraw after around an hour. Once Monmouth’s men were across the bridge, the Covenanters were quickly routed. Many fled into the parks of nearby Hamilton Palace, seat of Duchess Anne, who was sympathetic to the Presbyterian cause. Around 600 Covenanters were killed, while some 1200 were taken prisoner.

The prisoners were taken to Edinburgh and held on land beside Greyfriars Kirkyard, an area now known as the Covenanters’ Prison. Many remained there for several months, those who didn't die there were transported to the colonies in November. 

Around 300 were marched to Leith and crammed into the hold of a ship. In the cramped and airless conditions below decks, it is unlikely that many of them would have survived the voyage, but the ship did not get far. It was wrecked off the coast of Orkney and most of the prisoners drowned.

[john-laurens]

In the collection "Biographical and genealogical research on Francis J. Kinloch" from the South Carolina Historical Society archives, there was an 8-page mini biography of Francis Kinloch written by his granddaughter Sarah Lewis Lesesne (née Simons). Sarah was the daughter of Franics's daughter Anne Cleland Kinloch, who married Colonel Keating Lewis Simons. Included in this biography is a physical description of Francis Kinloch.

He is described as "tall & slender with delicate features, black hair & eyes, and a most agreeable expression of countenance." He also had "brilliant powers of conversation" and "was very fond of raillery."

[john-laurens]

Francis Kinloch's Path from Monarchist to SC Militiaman, Summarized

John Laurens: Monarchy is trash, republicanism is the way, join me on the side of America Francis Kinloch: You're wrong, and I'm completely willing to destroy our relationship over this Anne Kinloch: My son, why do you hold such beliefs against your country? Will you please consider changing them? You know how it upsets me. Francis Kinloch: Sorry mama :( I will come home right now and fight for America

[john-laurens]

Top row: Ann/Anne Isabella Kinloch, née Cleland (mother of Francis Kinloch, Jr.; 1735-1802; left, right)

Bottom row: Martha Kinloch, née Rutledge (second wife of Francis Kinloch, Jr.; 1764-1816)

There is an inscription on the back of the portrait of Martha Rutledge Kinloch (text from the Gibbes Museum of Art):

written in pen, "Martha Rutledge/daughter of Gov. John Rutledge and Eliza Grimke his wife/married Francis Kinloch/taken at age 15" above this statement, "This is mamas writing -EFD"; Two labels affixed to wood board behind portrait, "St. Caecilia" and label advertising, "J. Harris/Map Chart & Printfeller/N. 3 Sweetings Alley Cornhill/London"; on brown backing paper

To clarify, the portrait of Martha Rutledge Kinloch was done when she was 15, but she married Francis Kinloch when she was 21. (Not to be confused with Mildred Walker, who did marry Francis Kinloch at the age of 15.)

Additionally, the right portrait of Anne Kinloch appears to be a colorized version of the black and white portrait - the colors may not be true to life.

[scotianostra]

June 22nd 1679 saw the Battle of Bothwell Bridge.

Two of my previous posts tie in with this one.

More Royalty and religion and needless loss of life in this battle, or not so match the battle itself, but the aftermath during a shameful period of our history known as the 'killing time',

Following his restoration to the throne, King Charles II gradually imposed strict controls on the religions practiced throughout his kingdoms. In particular the Presbyterian Covenanters of Scotland were singled out and persecuted for their beliefs.

If you remember my post on June 1st about the Battle of Drumclog when the Covenanters had a surprise victory against the experienced campaigner John Graham, Bonnie Dundee, this was a direct reply from the Government, the Covenanters spent the next few weeks building their strength, as did the government. Charles’ son James, Duke of Monmouth was sent north to take command, and the militia were raised.

The Covenanters had established their camp on the south bank of the Clyde, north of Hamilton. The rebels numbered around 6000 men, but were poorly disciplined and deeply divided by religious disagreements. They had few competent commanders, being nominally led by Robert Hamilton of Preston, although his rigid stance against the Indulged ministers only encouraged division. The preacher Donald Cargill and William Cleland, the victor of Drumclog, were present, as were David Hackston of Rathillet and John Balfour of Kinloch, known as Burley, who were among the group who murdered Archbishop Sharp,(see my May 3rd post for details of this). The government army numbered around 5000 regular troops and militia, and was commanded by Monmouth, supported by Claverhouse and the Earl of Linlithgow.

Battle centred around the narrow bridge across the Clyde, the passage of which Monmouth was required to force in order to come at the Covenanters. Hackston led the defence of the bridge, but his men lacked artillery and ammunition, and were forced to withdraw after around an hour. Once Monmouth’s men were across the bridge, the Covenanters were quickly routed. Many fled into the parks of nearby Hamilton Palace, seat of Duchess Anne, who was sympathetic to the Presbyterian cause. Around 600 Covenanters were killed, while some 1200 were taken prisoner.

The prisoners were taken to Edinburgh and held on land beside Greyfriars Kirkyard, an area now known as the Covenanters’ Prison. Many remained there for several months, those who didn't die there were transported to the colonies in November. Around 300 were marched to Leith and crammed into the hold of a ship. In the cramped and airless conditions below decks, it is unlikely that many of them would have survived the voyage, but the ship did not get far. It was wrecked off the coast of Orkney and most of the prisoners drowned.