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Ultimate Holiday Fun: Unveiling Disney Worldās Festive 2024 Events
The holidays at Walt Disney World Resort! Dazzling decorations to special events and mouth-watering treats, thereās something magical for everyone. #DisneyHolidays #WaltDisneyWorld #ChristmasAtDisney
Disney World Holidays 2024: Fun and Festive Times Ahead! Get Ready for Holiday Fun! The holidays are the most wonderful time of the year at Walt Disney World Resort! Even though itās only halfway to the holidays, the excitement is already building with dazzling decorations, special parades, exclusive events, and delicious seasonal treats. Letās look at five awesome experiences coming your wayā¦
#Animal Kingdom holiday#Candlelight Processional#Christmas at Disney#Disney character meet and greet#Disney Christmas#Disney Christmas celebration#Disney cookie and cocoa#Disney exclusive events#Disney family holiday#Disney festive entertainment#Disney festive season#Disney fireworks#Disney gingerbread displays#Disney holiday cheer#Disney holiday dates#Disney holiday decorations#Disney holiday events#Disney holiday food#Disney holiday fun#Disney holiday lights#Disney holiday magic#Disney holiday memories#Disney holiday merchandise#Disney holiday parade#Disney holiday parades#Disney holiday projections#Disney holiday reservations#Disney holiday shopping#Disney holiday shows#Disney holiday sweets
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#HedgehogWeek š¦:
All hedgehogs are capable of volvation aka conglobation - aka, they can roll up into an armored ball in defense. š

Hedghog Egypt, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, c. 1550ā1450 BCE Faience, diameter 5.8cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: https://metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544054

Photo via Stocksy United on Pinterest
#hedgehog#volvation#conclobation#mammalogy#zoology#animal defenses#ancient Egyptian art#faience#ceramics#New Kingdom Egypt#ancient art#animal holiday#Hedgehog Week#Hedgehog Awareness Week#Metropolitan Museum of Art New York#animals in art
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Top 5 Appearances of Jack Skellington

Happy Thanksgiving, everyone! I decided to use this opportunity to dedicate a short countdown to a film Iām very thankful for: the stop-motion animation classic, āThe Nightmare Before Christmas.ā Why today? Several reasons: first, Thanksgiving falls right smack dab in the middle between Halloween and Christmas, as far as major American holidays go, so it seems a decent date, given the subject matter. Second, recently the movie enjoyed its 30th Anniversary, so thatās definitely something to celebrate. Third, its producer - and the man many agree is most responsible for the featureās existence, Tim Burton - got his long-deserved star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame this very year. Fourth and finally, it is quite possibly my favorite movie, and certainly my favorite Disney movie. By that measure alone, I am supremely grateful for its existence, and so a day of Thanksgiving seems a good time to talk about itā¦and its main character. Initially, I was going to dedicate this list to the film as a whole, but after some deliberation, I decided to focus this countdown specifically on the main protagonist of the feature, Jack Skellington. Jack is an anomaly for a lot of reasons; heās one of the few times - especially in a movie that now wears the Disney brand like a badge of honor - where the main character of the story really is my favorite one. Heās become almost as recognized as Mickey Mouse around the company, as their resident face of both Halloween AND Christmas. And as time has gone on, his popularity has only continued to rise. Whatās great about Jack, and makes him so unique, is the way the character is both so complex and yet so simple, just like the film heās from. This is also not taking into account the many dualities inherent to the character. Heās the Pumpkin King, the scariest soul in Halloween Townā¦yet heās also a sweetheart and finds a sense of childlike wonder in the Christmas season. Heās a dapper, charismatic, theatrical, somewhat grandiloquent fellowā¦yet heās also a complete goober, showing a great deal of naivete and not always thinking things through. Heās typically a nice guy who acts polite and friendly to most anyone he meetsā¦but if you cross him the wrong way, or dare to hurt those he considers his friends, heāll whoop you in a second without mercy. Itās this constant contrast of darkness and light, of the intellectual master of horror and the childlike innocent, that makes him so engaging and interesting. That, and the fact that - unique among Disney heroes especially - Jack kind of creates his own conflict in the story. Yes, Oogie Boogie is the nominal villain of the movie, but even he really only becomes a problem in the original film BECAUSE of Jackās bad decisions. If you took Oogie out of the equation, Jack could ALMOST be considered a villain in his own right; thankfully, he realizes and learns from his mistake and is quick to make things right. I thought it would be fun to look at some of Jackās appearances since the film, much as I have done with some of the great Disney Villains (coincidentally) in the past. Now, I can only count appearances Iām personally familiar with to some degree or another, so if any that YOU like are left out of the running, itās most likely just because I havenāt read, seen, or played them yet. With that said, letās celebrate Thanksgiving by looking at a character known for its surrounding holidaysā¦forever proving, by extension, that this holiday is the middle child of the yuletide family. Ha Ha. These are My Top 5 Favorite Appearances from Jack Skellington!
5. Pumpkin King AND The Battle For Pumpkin King.
Not only are the titles of these two pieces similar, but so are their purposes. āPumpkin Kingā was a video game tie-in to TNBC, which acted as a prequel to the movie. It was released in 2005. Nearly two decades later, in 2023, Disney would release ANOTHER prequel spin-off, in the form of āThe Battle For Pumpkin King;ā a comic miniseries later reformatted into a graphic novel. Both of these prequels tell the story of how the rivalry between Jack and his arch-nemesis, Oogie Boogie, got started, each with their own unique twists to the concept. As far as the game goes, playing as Jack Skellington - using a variety of crazy gadgets to defeat Oogie and his goons - is obviously a major part of what makes the title appealing. The comic, meanwhile, goes even further in showing how Jack became the Pumpkin King to begin with, and presents a more dramatic and tragic arc for the two enemies, in my opinion. Having read and re-read the comic a couple times now, and compared it to the gameā¦I donāt think either is really a perfect prequel. Each has their own pros and cons, in terms of how things started between the two and how they tie into the film itself. However, one thing I like about both is that each has a different spin on presenting Jack and setting up the character we know from the movie: in each tale, the conflict with Oogie results in some subtle foreshadowing and parallels to the misadventures Jack faces in the film. Iād recommend checking both out, in some form or another, and deciding which you prefer yourself.

4. Twisted Wonderland.
Well, if you know me, you knew this had to be coming. I was over the moon when this Event was announced for the mobile game āTwisted Wonderlandā: a game that is admittedly an acquired taste, but which I absolutely love to bits. For those who donāt know already, the premise of the game has the main character - the Player - being transported to an alternate universe, where they find themselves at a school of magic inspired by seven famous Disney Villains. Throughout the game, we encounter various characters based on these villains, along with other Disney charactersā¦but itās rare that we actually meet any of the original Disney figures themselves. When the Nightmare Before Christmas-themed Event for Halloween of 2024 - entitled āLost in the Book with Tim Burtonās Nightmare Before Christmasā - was announced, it wasnāt too much of a surprise to learn that a new character would be introduced in the event: Skully J. Graves, based on Jack Skellington. What was much more startling was when we found out that not only would we get this new addition to the castā¦but that the player and their allies for the outing would be traveling to Halloween Town itself to meet the ACTUAL Jack Skellington AT THE SAME TIME. For me, this was just mind-boggling: getting to see both the actual Jack AND a new character inspired by him in the same Event at the same time was never something I anticipated. The result did not disappoint: Jack is totally and completely in-character for the Event, and his interactions with the students of Night Raven College are a lot of fun. Skully, as well, is a very interesting character, and the twist about his true identity at the end was, I will confess, certainly unexpected. This isnāt an example that I imagine a lot of TNBC fans would place among their absolute favorite appearances for Jack, but itās definitely a big one for me.

3. Haunted Mansion Holiday.
This was Nightmareās big arrival at the Parks, and itās still one of the best things to come out of the filmās ever-rising popularity. In the early 2000s, Imagineers at Disneyland considered making a āNightmare Before Christmasā attraction, but they werenāt sure how to go about it. The answer came in the form of a holiday overlay for the popular āHaunted Mansionā ride: ever since then, for a whole third of the year (almost half a year, if you count the time it takes to set it all up and then take it all down again), the Haunted Mansion is invaded by Jack Skellington and the denizens of Halloween Town, as they bring their own twisted Christmas delight to the home of the 999 Happy Haunts. While some people seem divided about this since-then-annual change to the famous attraction, most seem to enjoy both versions of the Haunted Mansion, and I am in agreement: the original ride is great on its own, and deserves to be enjoyed on its own terms (itās my favorite ride at Disneyland), but the Holiday version with the TNBC cast is really fun and charming, too. Arguably the biggest highlight of the ride is Jack himself, most notably in the form of a magnificently-made animatronic of our favorite āSandy Clawsā that greets guests as they enter the graveyard for the rideās finale. I used to be OBSESSED with this overlay, and I still love it a lot. Iām not the only one, either; the Holiday version remains popular, and has even been adopted into the Tokyo Disneyland Park. Japan has a huge following for TNBCā¦speaking of whichā¦

2. Oogieās Revenge.
Released at the same time as the aforementioned āPumpkin King,ā this game (originally made in Japan, hence the segue) was a SEQUEL to the movie. And, just like āPumpkin King,ā it was considered canon by a lot of people for a long time, until recent printed work left that more ambiguous. (In this case a novel called āLong Live the Pumpkin Queen,ā which Iāve yet to read.) The plot begins a little less than a year after the events of the film: Jack still feels dissatisfied with Halloween, but heās thankfully learned that taking over other holidays is not a good idea. So, he instead ventures forth into the real world for a couple of months to basically do some brainstorming and find some inspiration to make his own holiday more interesting. When Jack returns (on Christmas Eve, what a shock), he discovers that Oogie Boogie has been resurrected and has taken over Halloween Town! When he learns that Oogie has plans to get revenge on Santa and become āThe Seven Holidays King,ā Jack has to find a way to take back his throne and undo all of Oogieās evil schemes before Christmas morning. As far as Jack himself goes, the great boon this game has is the option of actually playing as Jack Skellington himself, and getting to use different forms of him with different powers to combat Oogie and his minions. Chris Sarandon - who has provided Jackās speaking voice since the original film, and gets to SING for him, too, in this game (he aināt half bad, either) - delivers all of the moods and sides of Jack throughout the story with his usual enthusiasm, and the chance to explore Halloween Town in such wild depth is really fun. The game itself seems to be one people love or hate; most agree itās not the greatest game in the world (though most agree itās also not terrible), but it seems to be a 50/50 split between people who overlook its flaws and enjoy it, and people who feel itās a lackluster and overly bizarre spin-off to a classic picture. Personally, while I do see some issues with āOogieās Revenge,ā Iāve always had a soft spot for this game, and I still do. Itās definitely one of Jackās shining moments, in my personal opinion.
1. Kingdom Hearts.
Given my love of the KH series as a whole, a lot of you probably saw this coming. However, I actually had a really hard time choosing between these games and āOogieās Revenge.ā The greatest pro of āOogieās Revengeā is that Jack is the main character: you spend a lot of time with him, itās all his story, and Chris Sarandon gets to sing as well as provide the voice in general. However, I think that - despite the fact Jack and his pals in Halloween Town (and Christmas Town) are only one small part of a much grander puzzle - the Kingdom Hearts series actually handles the character and his world slightly betterā¦mostly just because of the writing. (And because they are better games, in general, when you really get down to it.) As far as Jack himself goesā¦honestly, I love how absolutely ADORABLE Jack is in the Kingdom Hearts universe. (How many undead skeletons can you call āadorable,ā anyway? At the moment, I can only think of maybe four othersā¦which is still a surprising number, honestly!) The games really lean hard into Jackās childlike, exuberant, impulsive personality, but they also still give him elegance, charisma, and even touch onto a philosophical side we really havenāt seen anywhere else. Some of my favorite lines and moments in the games come from Jack, and of all the Disney allies Sora makes along the way, I think I enjoy his interactions with the Pumpkin King most of all. (He also isnāt too bad of a Party Member.) Sarandon delivers here just as powerfully as in Oogieās Revenge, and a lot of the story-based elements I love about Jackās character arc in OR are just as present in these games. Overall, while he may not be the star of the show, Jack is certainly a major highlight of these games. For me, and hopefully for many others, Kingdom Hearts will always be a shining moment in the King of Halloweenās career. Itās not an easy call, to be honestā¦but Iām gonna name Kingdom Hearts as My Favorite Appearance from Jack Skellington.
HONORABLE MENTIONS INCLUDEā¦
James and the Giant Peach.
While this is a totally non-canon appearance, Jack cameos as the leader of a band of skeleton pirates in this cult classic adaptation of the Roald Dahl story. I have no idea if this decision was made because of budget reasons or because Henry Selick (director of both TNBC and this film) was in a whimsical mood, but either way, itās such a weird but fun one-off return.
Disneyās Not-So-Spooky Spectacular.
A fireworks show performed around Halloweentime at the Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World. Jack acts as the host of the event, portrayed by a life-sized and absolutely immaculate puppet, crewed by multiple performers. This puppet has appeared in several other places since, including one of the āNightmare Before Christmas Liveā concerts!
Whatās This? The Nightmare Before Christmas Sing-Along.
Performed every Christmastime at Disneyās Hollywood-MGM Studios, this combination of stage pantomime and sing-along concert to some of the songs from the film is hosted by Jack. Our favorite Pumpkin King is played by the same great puppet that appears in the āNot-So-Spooky Spectacularā fireworks show!
#disney#list#countdown#best#favorites#top 5#video games#animation#comics#film#tnbc#the nightmare before christmas#jack skellington#thanksgiving special#haunted mansion holiday#kingdom hearts#oogie's revenge#twisted wonderland#kh#battle for pumpkin king#pumpkin king#tim burton
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Mickey and Minnie Mouse
#Mickey Mouse#Minnie Mouse#Characters#Disney Characters#Christmas#Disney Christmas#Disney Holidays#Adventurers Outpost#Discovery Island#Animal Kingdom#Disneyās Animal Kingdom#theme park#Disney#Walt Disney World#WDW
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The gingerbread creations at Walt Disney World resorts are magnificent and truly put you in the holiday spirit. And donāt forget to try the snacks; the Hot Chocolate Caramel Fudge and Chocolate Peppermint Cookie were our favorites.
#disney#disney world#disney parks#walt disney world#food#gingerbread#gingerbread house#Christmas#holidays#holiday season#resort#Walt Disney World resorts#yacht club#beach club#animal kingdom lodge#the grand floridian#the contemporary
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Holiday Tables
If Iām hosting for Christmas or any other holiday, I spend more time thinking about the table than the menu:Ā muchĀ more time. I love setting the table, and once I attain my āvisionā weāre all relegated to eating in the kitchen, no matter how many days before the big meal. Here it is, December 22, and I am hosting Christmas dinner and the table is not set! I just finished my grading, however, soā¦

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#Animals#Christmas#Christmas Decorations#Decorative Arts#Historic Houses#Historic Interiors#holidays#National Trust for Scotland#Strawbery Banke#Tablescapes#United Kingdom
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š
#i feel like speaking this out into the universe might fuck it up but I'm taking the chance#i might be able to stay at my dream resort in walt disney world#animal kingdom lodge jambo house š„ŗ#it would be a standard view room but idc#it's sad that it comes from what ive got from an inheritance#but she always paid a tiny bit towards our holidays bcos she wanted to see us happy#i just need to put the holiday form in at work and if it gets confirmed then š„³#it's a big decision though bcos do i save the money or do i book a dream holiday that i would never have had the chance to do ever#personal
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Something for the holiday..
youtube
I love watching merry menagerie.
I would sit and watch this for 30 min or so..
#disney#youtube#wdw#walt disney world#disney world#merry menagerie#happy holidays#happy christmas#animal kingdom#wdwnt
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Embark on a magical sojourn in Orlando, where an array of distinguished hotels promises an enchanting stay. The Disney Springs Resort Area beckons with its immersive charm, offering a gateway to the wonders of the Disney universe. Experience the epitome of luxury at the Epcot Grand Suites, where lavish accommodations blend seamlessly with the allure of Epcot's attractions. Immerse yourself in the wild elegance of the Animal Kingdom Lodge, where each moment feels like a safari adventure.
For those seeking a blend of sophistication and whimsy, the Grand Floridian Resort & Spa and Magic Kingdom Deluxe Resort & Spa stand as iconic beacons of opulence. The Wyndham Lake Buena Vista Resort and Hilton Orlando Buena Vista Palace offer contemporary comfort and convenience, providing the perfect base for your Orlando escapade.
Discover European-inspired elegance at the Four Seasons Resort, where impeccable service meets luxurious surroundings. Enjoy a cozy retreat at the Holiday Inn Orlando, where hospitality is at its finest. Indulge in the epitome of luxury at the Waldorf Astoria Orlando, where each detail is crafted for an unparalleled experience. Lastly, the Polynesian charm of Disneyās Polynesian Village Resort transports guests to a tropical paradise, creating an oasis in the heart of Florida.Whether you're surrounded by beloved Disney characters or experiencing the upscale allure of renowned resorts, each hotel in Orlando, from the grandeur of Disney's offerings to the contemporary comfort of Wyndham and Hilton, ensures that your stay is a magical chapter in the captivating tale of this vibrant city.
#Orlando luxury accommodations#Disney Springs hotels#Epcot Grand Suites lodging#orlando#Animal Kingdom Lodge stays#Grand Floridian Resort & Spa#Magic Kingdom Deluxe Resort#Wyndham Lake Buena Vista stay#Hilton Orlando Buena Vista Palace#Four Seasons Resort Orlando#Holiday Inn Orlando accommodations#Waldorf Astoria Orlando luxury stay
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Itās tiiiiiiiiiime! Iāve created a ton of different guides for ease of searching through my massive catalog (and I will have a special 2023 Instagram highlight)
No. 1 SORCERERāS APPRENTICE CARAMEL APPLE MICKEY ART PRINT No. 2 HALLOWEENTIME MICKEY WREATH STICKER No. 3 MICKEY MOUSE ICE CREAM BAR STICKER No. 4 FANTASYLAND TRASHCAN ART PRINT No. 5 WILD ANIMAL PARK GRAFFITI STICKER No. 6 ID RATHER BE AT DISNEYLAND BALLOON STICKER (PINK AND BLUE)
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View All The 2023 Fiat Lux Illustration Gift Guides Here
#holiday shopping guide#gift guide#small business shopping#christmas gifts#stocking stuffers#art gifts#art gift guide#disney food#disneyland food#disney foodie#disney art#disney food art#food illustration#theme park art#theme park food#disney magic#disney fanart#disney merch#animal kingdom#disney balloon#mickey mouse ice cream bar#ice cream sticker#fantasyland#disney trash#disney trash cans
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Foodie Guide to Holidays at Walt Disney World Resort 2023
Itās the most wonderful time of the year and you know what that means ā¦ holiday goodies! One of the best parts of this season are the tasty delights and this year is no different. The culinary teams atĀ Walt Disney World ResortĀ have been hard at work making sure everyone gets a flavorful present all across property. And with the passion and creativity put to the plate this year, thereās no doubtā¦

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#disney resorts Christmas foodie guide#disney springs holidays foodie guide#Disney#disney springs Christmas foodie guide#walt#disney parks holidays foodie guide#resort#disney parks Christmas foodie guide#holidays#animal kingdom Christmas foodie guide#world#Hollywood studios foodie guide#Guide#magic kingdom Christmas foodie guide#Eats#Epcot Christmas foodie guide#Foodie#disney christmas party foodie guide#Disney Holidays foodie guide#Mickeyās Very Merry Christmas Party foodie guide#Disney Christmas foodie guide#Walt disney world foodie guide#Walt disney world holidays foodie guide#Walt disney world Christmas foodie guide#disney resorts holidays foodie guide
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Baby Penguins
#Penguin#Puppet#Merry Menagerie#entertainment#Christmas#Disney Christmas#Disney Holidays#Tree of Life#Discovery Island#Animal Kingdom#Disneyās Animal Kingdom#theme park#Disney#Walt Disney World#WDW
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O Christmas Tree(s) ā¦ thereās nothing quite like Walt Disney World resorts decorated for the holidays.
#disney#disney world#disney parks#walt disney world#yacht club#animal kingdom lodge#the grand floridian#resort#Christmas#Christmas tree#holidays#trees
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The Time Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Had A Pet Sea Snail
I've been reading the diary Doyle kept of his time as a ship's surgeon aboard an Arctic whaling vessel in 1880, and you all deserve to hear the tale of John Thomas, Doyle's pet Clione limacina, which he drew in the above picture.
Doyle, then 21, found John Thomas on June 3rd, 1880:
Brought up a most beautiful Clio or Sea Snail, a couple of inches long, looking like some weird little fairy. I have stuck him in a pickle bottle and christened him "John Thomas." I hope he will live, we have put some butter and pork into his house.
The following day, Doyle attempted to feed John Thomas and wrote a short poem about the snail:
John Thomas is in an awful passion. We left the pickle bottle far from the fire, and as there are 11 degrees of frost it froze up and John has caught cold. He is sitting in a corner with his tail in his mouth, just as a sulky baby sticks its thumb into its potato box. I have drawn John's attention to the butter & pork and he took a hurried breakfast, but seems to have business of importance down at the bottom of the bottle. He's thinking perhaps of Where his rude shell by the Gulf Stream lay, There were his little Sea Snails all at play, There their Amoeboid mother, he their sire Butchered to make a whale's holiday.
On June 5th, Doyle reported that "John is well and hearty," and on the 6th, he wrote:
John was up before me and took a heavy breakfast. He is now gyrating round the top of his bottle surveying his new kingdom apparently and meditating a map. I put him in a bucket every evening where he wanders fancy free for an hour or two.
Unfortunately, on the 10th, Doyle reported that John Thomas had departed the mortal plane.
John Thomas died on the 8th of June, regretted by a large circle of acquaintances
He wrote a touching eulogy for his tiny friend:
He was a right thinking and high minded Clio, distinguished among his brother sea snails for his mental activity as well as for physical perfection. He never looked down upon his smaller associates because they were protozoa while he could fairly lay claim to belong to the high family of the Echinodermata or Annulosa. He never taunted them with their want of a water vascular system, nor did he parade his own double chain of ganglia. He was a modest and unassuming blob of protoplasm, and could get through more fat pork in a day than many an animal of far higher pretensions. His parents were both swallowed by a whale in his infancy, so that what education he had was due entirely to his own industry and observation. He has gone the way of all flesh so peace be to his molecules.
John Thomas' descendants still live in the Arctic Ocean today, and they look pretty cool!
#truly the funniest man to ever live#it would be quicker to list the things he didn't do#arthur conan doyle#victoriana#sea creatures#no idea what to tag this bc i fear i can't abuse the holmes tag to make you all look at pictures of sea snails
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Varian's Tangled Trials- THE SEQUEL!
A SEQUEL?! I hear you ask. Why yes. Because while we may have wrapped up the story so wonderfully created by Kay and Anne, Co-Ladies-In-Waiting... I mean, Co-Writers Lauren and I have been wanting to dip our toes back into this world and take these characters for at least one more spin. This new story came from Lauren's most brilliant mind and is both a continuation of the VTT story and a bit of a holiday celebration! If you loved Varian's Tangled Trials in the past I beg you to come join us for one more little adventure! Yong's Magical Candlenights Adventure
Seven months after discovering the Eternal Library Varian, Hugo, Nuru, and Yong are back! Tis the season of Candlenights- a holiday that celebrates the founding of the Alliance of the Seven Kingdoms! It's Yong's first ever Candlenights and he couldn't be more excited! But as the festivities go on, Yong realizes something more is happening behind the scenes. Will he be able to save the day alone?
Please find the first chapter here!
Don't know what Varian's Tangled Trials is? A fan of the Tangled Animated Disney Show? Come see what all the fuss is about here!
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Wet Beast Wednesday: bone-eating worm
Happy (almost) Halloween from us at Wet Beast Wednesday. What better to celebrate the spooky holiday than with a spooky animal? These critters are so spooky they even scare skeletons. Sometimes called zombie worms or bone worms, bone-eating worms are scavengers that play an important role in deep seas. Try not to get too scared.
(Image: a cluster of bone-eating worms on a bone. Their plumes are visible, looking like red feathery structures emerging from a clump of brown sludge. End ID)
Bone-eating worms are members of the genus Osedax, with 26 species currently known. My favorite is Osedax mucofloris, which means "bone-eating snot flower". They are small tube worms, reaching between 2.5 and 7 cm (1 to 2.7 in) in length. The body is divided into three segments, the trunk, ovisac, and root. The trunk makes up the majority of the body and it topped by red plumes that act as gills. At the base of the trunk is the ovisac, where eggs are produced. Below that are the roots that bore through the bones the worms live on. This is done by secreting carbonic acid that is produced through anaerobic respiration. The roots also produce a mucus sheath whose purpose is not fully known. It may protect the body from the acid or may prevent the acid from dissolving the hole the worm lives in. As with other tubeworms, the worm generated a protective sheathe to live in. Normally, the plumes extend out of the sheathe to respirate, but when threatened, they will withdraw into the tube.
(Image: a bone worm removed from the bone. It is a long, translucent tube with reddish plumes on one and a lump of wavy roots on the other. End ID)
Bone-eating worms lack a mouth, anus, and digestive system. To obtain nutrients, they exist in a symbiotic relationship with bacteria. As the worms break down the bone, they release lipids and proteins that the bacteria consume to produce energy in the form of glycogen, which is transferred to the worm. The worm then uses the glycogen to power itself and feeds it to the bacteria to keep them alive. The worms also use collagen, which is the primary component of bone. Many of the symbiotic bacteria species need the collagen, which the worm provides by breaking down the bone. Curiously, many of the symbionts produce toxins that disrupt the membranes at the roots, leading to infection. The bacteria are also found surviving outside of symbiosis with the worms Because of this, it is debatable whether the relationship between the worm and its bacteria is mutualistic (both parties benefit) or commensal (one party benefits, the other neither benefits nor suffers).
(Image: a cleared view of bone worm plumes emerging from a bone. End ID)
Bone-eating worms are found worldwide in oceanic depths ranging from 10 to 4,200 meters (30 to 14,000 ft). They are most commonly found on the skeletons of whales, but will also colonize fish bones and even, in one experiment, cow bones. Whale bones seem to be preferred both because of their large size and the large quantity of lipids found within. Whale skeletons can often be seen covered with bone worms, giving them the appearance of red shag carpeting. As the worms break down bones, other animals can take better advantage of the nutrients within. The presence of bone worms at a whale fall has been shown to increase the biodiversity of the site. Bone-eating worms are ecosystem engineers, organisms that significantly alter their habitat. They have been doing this since before whales existed. Fossil sea turtle and plesiosaur bones have been found with signs of bone worm colonization.
(Image: a lone bone worm with its tube visible. Its plumes are whitish. End ID)
The bone-eating worms have one of the most dramatic cases of sexual dimorphism in the animal kingdom. All the worms you see when you look at a whale skeleton are females. The males are 20,000 times smaller and fully microscopic. They still resemble larvae, making them a case of neoteny, an adaptation where juvenile characteristics are retained into adulthood. Harems of males live inside the females' tubes and feed on the nutrients released by the bacteria. As the female generates eggs, the males fertilize them. The eggs hatch inside the female's tube and stay for a while to mature before being released into the water. The fact that the worms are so widely distributed indicated that the larvae can travel vast distances to find a new set of bones, but the means they use to do so is unclear. The extreme sexual dimorphism reduces competition between males and females and ensures the males will always have an available mate to pass on their genes. The species Osedax pirapus do not follow this form of dimorphism. Males are still smaller than females, but they actually look like worms and share the same lifestyle. This increases competition between males and females, but ensures that males can make far more sperm due to their greater size.
(Image: a collection of images of multiple species of bone-eating worms. Source. End ID)
#BONES FOR THE BONE WORM#wet beast wednesday#bone eating worm#bone worm#zombie worm#osedax#worm#tube worm#polychaete#wormblr#halloween#whale fall#invertebrates#invertiblr#marine biology#marine life#biology#ecology#zoology#animal facts#informative#educational#image described
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