#An Scoláire

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and eventual Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Enda’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

“I dwell on the importance of the personal element in education. I would have every child not merely a unit in a school attendance, but in some intimate personal way the pupil of a teacher, or to use more expressive words, the disciple of a master … the main objective in education is to help the child to be his own true and best self. What the teacher should bring to his pupil is not a set of…

[tootiredforaname]

Ní scoláire mé, ach I gcónaí smaoinaíom faoin tróp "Give me your name" le sidhe agus an firic gur fuamnaíonn "ainm" (name) agus "anam" (soul) mar an gcéinne

[corkcitylibraries]

Mairéad Ní Ghráda agus An Triail

le Deirdre Swain

Is é 2021 bliain chuimhneacháin céad bliain ó fuair Mairéad Ní Ghráda bás. Drámadóir, craoltóir, múinteoir agus gníomhaí ar son na Gaeilge ab ea í. Is fearr aithne uirthi as a dráma, An Triail. Rugadh Mairéad i gCnoc a’ Daingin i gCill Mháille, Co. an Chláir ar 23 Nollaig 1896. Bhí Gaeilge thart timpeall uirthi i gcónaí agus í ag fás aníos. Feirmeoir agus cainteoir dúchais ab ea a h-athair, agus b’uaidh a fuair sí a grá don Ghaeilge agus a tiomantas ar feadh an tsaoil d’athbheochan na Gaeilge. Bhí sé báite sa traidisiún béil, agus bhíodh sé ag aithris an dáin, Cúirt an Mheánoíche le Brian Merriman go minic. Bhí Mairéad éadócasach i dtaobh na teanga Gaeilge. Dúirt sí uair amháin go raith áthas uirthi nár bhain sí leis an nglúin a chaillfeadh an Ghaeilge go deo.

Theastaigh óna tuismitheoirí go gcuirfeadh sí deireadh lena cuid oideachais tar éis na bunscoile ionas go raghadh sí ag obair ar an bhfeirm. Níor tharla sé seo; ina ionad, chuaigh sí go dtí meánscoil in Inis. Bhuaigh sí roinnt duaiseanna mar scoláire, agus bronnadh scoláireacht Chomhairle Contae uirthi go Coláiste Ollscoile Bhaile Átha Cliath, áit ar ghnóthaigh sí BA sa Ghaeilge, Bhéarla agus Fraincis agus MA sa Ghaeilge. Bhí sí i gCumann na mBan agus i gConradh na Gaeilge fad is a bhí sí ann. Cuireadh i bpríosún í uair amháin mar go raibh sí ag díol bratacha poblachtánacha ar Shráid Grafton, rud a mbíodh sí ag déanamh grinn de caoga bliain ina dhiaidh. D’oibrigh sí mar mhúinteoir agus ansan mar rúnaí príobháideach do Earnán de Blaghd, TD Chumann na nGael i gcéad Dáil an tSaorstáit nua. Lean sí uirthi ag obair dó i rith an Chogaidh Chathartha nuair a bhí sé ina Aire Airgeadais. Phós sí Risteard Ó Cíosáin, garda sinsearach, sa bhliain 1923, agus bhí beirt clainne acu, Séamas agus Brian. I 1926, thosnaigh an chéad stáisiún raidió in Éirinn, 2RN (a dtabharfaí Radio Éireann air níos déanaí), ag craoladh. Fostaíodh Ní Ghráda mar eagarthóir mná ar 2RN, ag cur cláracha do mhná agus do pháistí le chéile. Rinneadh príomh-chraoltóir an stáisiúin di i 1929. B’í an chéad chraoltóir mná in Éirinn agus sa Bhreatain agus b’fhéidir san Eoraip í. D’oibrigh sí mar chraoltóir ar feadh naoi mbliana.

Bhí baint ag Ní Ghráda le téacsleabhair scoile a scríobh do Phádraig Ó Siochrú (An Seabhac, mar a ghlaodh air), a bhí i roinn na leabhar scoile de Chomhairle Oideachais na hÉireann. Scríobh sí alán téacsanna oideachais, Progress in Irish san áireamh. Bhí sí ina h-eagarthóir ag de Brún agus Ó Nualláin, foilsitheoir téacsleabhair scoile. Dhein sí léirmheas ar fhoclóir Gaeilge De Bhaldraithe chun cabhrú le múinteoirí. Bhí sí chomh díograiseach gur lean sí uirthi ag cur leabhair scoile ar téip nuair a bhí sí breoite san ospidéal.

Bhí an-shuim aici i riachtanaisí oideachais leanaí, agus thuig sí aigne daoine óga go han-mhaith. Tá sé seo soiléir óna drámaí. Scríobh sí drámaí scoile a bhí bunaithe ar na scéalta Fiannaíochta, ar an miotaseolaíocht, ar an mBíobla, ar scéalta Aesop. D’aistrigh sí Peter Pan go Gaeilge (Tír na Deo). Scríobh sí leagain Ghaeilge álainne de scéalta sí ón sraith “Bóin Dé” nó na “Ladybird Books”. Chabhraigh sé seo le litearthacht a leathadh sa Ghaeilge. Samplaí dos na leabhair seo do pháistí a scríobh sí as Gaeilge ná: Na trí Bhéar (Goldilocks and the Three Bears), Codladh Céad Bliain (Sleeping Beauty), Luaithríona (Cinderella), Áille agus Brúid (Beauty and the Beast), Rápúnzell (Rapunzel) agus Seán agus an Gas Pónaire (Jack and the Beanstalk).

Bhí grá ar leith ag Ní Ghráda don drámaíocht. Bhí droch-chaoi ar dhrámaíocht na Gaeilge agus í ag tosnú ag scríobh, ach d’athraigh sí é seo; bhí suim ag daoine ina drámaí fiú muna raibh aon Ghaeilge acu. Bhí sí ag cur Gaeilge ar fáil do dhaoine i slí taitneamhach tríd an amharclann. Rinne sí éacht thar na bearta ar son na drámaíochta sa teanga Gaeilge. Scríobh sí aon bhunsaothar drámaíochta déag i rith a saoil – níos mó ná aon dhrámadóir eile sa Ghaeilge. I 1933, bronnadh gradam Amharclann na Mainistreach ar a dráma, Mícheál. Bhí an dráma sin bunaithe ar scéal Tolstoy, Michael. Scríobh sí a céad dráma, Uacht, fad is a bhí sí ag múineadh Gaeilge sa Choláiste Cócaireachta i gCill Mochuda. Dá mic léinn é i ndáiríre, ach léirigh Mícheál Mac Liammóir é in Amharclann an Gheata.

Scríobh Ní Ghráda drámaí cumhachtacha a d’inis an fhírinne faoi ghnéithe de shaol na hÉireann ag an am. Phléigh siad fadhbanna na linne trí Ghaeilge. Bhí ar a cumas páirteanna fiúntacha a cheapadh do mhná ina drámaí, go háirithe do mhná óga, rud annamh i gcás dhrámadóirí na hÉireann, lasmuigh de Sheán O’Casey. Chuir a drámaí míchompórd ar dhaoine, mar phléigh siad ábhair ná raibh ceadaithe. Bhí téamaí iontu go raibh faitíos ar dhaoine aghaidh a thabhairt orthu, téamaí mar cás na mban a raibh leanbh acu lasmuigh de chuing an phósta, agus scéal na bpolaiteoirí lofa. Bhí sí go mór chun tosaigh ar lucht a linne.

Is é An Triail an dráma is iomráití a scríobh Ní Ghráda. Tá sé inchurtha leis An Giall le Breandán Ó Beacháin mar cheann dos na drámaí is rathúla sa teanga Gaeilge. Is dráma é atá an-chuí faoi láthair, i mbliain a foilsíodh Tuarascáil Deiridh an Choimisiúin Imscrúdúcháin ar Árais Máithreacha agus Naíonán. Tá sé tráthúil chomh maith mar go bhfuiltear ag plé cearta pháistí uchtaithe agus cearta a máithreacha faoi láthair, agus an éagóir a deineadh orthu. Cuimhne ar chailín bocht a díbríodh as Cill Mháille fadó agus gur ligeadh don bhfear dul saor ó mhilleán a chuir i gceann Mhairéid An Triail a scríobh. Chreid sí gur chóir go mbeadh comhoibriú idir dhrámadóir agus foireann amharclainne agus nach bhfuil i scríbhinn ach creatlach dráma; go bhfuil feabhsú le déanamh ag an léiritheoir air. Mar shampla, dhein sí athscríobh ar phíosaí de An Triail faoi threoir an léiritheora, Tomás Mac Anna, an deireadh san áireamh.

Is dráma tragóideach é An Triail a thugann cuntas ar an tslí a gcaitear le cailín óg, Máire, a mbíonn caidreamh aici le fear pósta agus a éiríonn torrach dá bharr. Teipeann a máthair agus a beirt dearthár uirthi. Bíonn a máthair buartha faoi thuairimí na gcomharsana, ach ní bhíonn imní uirthi faoi leas a h-iníne ná leas a gar-iníne. Níl trua ag éinne do Mháire ná ní chabhraíonn éinne léi seachas Mailí, a thugann dídean di, agus “Aturnae 2” ag a triail. Tugtar breith uirthi agus cáintear í. Ní theastaíonn ó athair a h-iníne an leanbh a fheiscint fiú. Ar deireadh, maraíonn sí í féin agus a leanbh, go bhfuil an-chion aici uirthi. Deireann Máire gur mharaigh sí a h-iníon mar gur cailín í; gur shaor sí í ó phian na mná nuair a mharaigh sí í. Tá an téama seo ar fud an dráma; cloistear guth Mháire á rá ag an dtús agus ag an deireadh. Is é an cheist a fhiafraítear sa dráma ná, “Cén fáth a dtárlaíonn rudaí mar seo in Éirinn?” Dúirt Tomás Mac Anna, an léiritheoir, go raibh an dráma seo go mór chun tosaigh ag plé ceist “Saoirse na mBan”. I slí, bhí Éire féin á chur faoi thriail ag an drámadóir. Thaitin An Triail go mór le Harold Hobson ón nuachtán an Times i Londain, agus mhol sé go h-ard é, cé nach raibh focal Gaeilge aige.

Léiríodh An Triail don gcéad uair in Amharclann an Damer i rith Féile Drámaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath i 1964. Go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, d’aistrigh Ní Ghráda an dráma go Béarla, agus i 1965, léiríodh an leagan Béarla, On Trial, in Amharclann an Eblana. Cóiríodh An Triail don teilifís ansan, agus cuireadh isteach é i bhFéile Teilifíse Bheirlin 1965. B’annamh cláracha teilifíse á gcóiriú as drámaí i nGaeilge, ach b’amhlaidh do An Triail. Foilsíodh an t-aistriúchán Béarla i 1966.

Fuair an dráma seo ardmholadh ós na léirmheastóirí, ach bhí sé conspóideach nuair a chuireadh ar stáitse ar dtús é. Chuir an smaoineamh go rabhamar go léir ciontach a bheag nó a mhór san easpa carthanachta, isteach ar roinnt daoine: ionsaíodh an dráma toisc é a bheith “mímhórálta”. Léiríodh An Triail don gcéad uair ar 22 Meán Fomhair 1964, trí lá tar éis do Mhichael Viney an mhír dheireanach dá sraith altanna dar theideal, “No birthright” a fhoilsiú san Irish Times. Fiosrúchán criticeach ab ea an tsraith seo ar an tslí a chaitheadh le máithreacha in Éirinn nach raibh pósta. In alt amháin, deireann Viney go ndúirt máthair Éireannach amháin leis nár theastaigh uaithi go bhfillfeadh a h-iníon ar Éirinn agus go raibh a muintir agus a tír náirithe aici. In alt eile, deineann sé trácht ar chailín nach bhfuil pósta a insíonn dá máthair go bhfuil sí torrach. Dúirt sí nach raibh aon rud ag déanamh tinnis dá máthair ach tuairimí na gcomharsana. Cé go bhfuil sé deacair é seo a shamhlú inniu, taispeánann na cuntais seo go bhfuil léiriú cruinn sa dráma An Triail ar na dearcaí claonta agus cruálacha a bhí ag daoine ag an am sin i dtaobh máithreacha nach raibh pósta, agus ar an mbuairt a bhí orthu faoi thuairimí na gcomharsana.

Chaith Mairéad Ní Ghráda an dá bhliain dheireanacha dá saol san ospidéal. Fuair sí bás ar 13 Meitheamh 1971.

Tá cóip den leagan Béarla den dráma, On Trial, le fáil sa Leabharlann Tagartha. Tá leabhar ann leis faoi Mhairéad Ní Ghráda agus faoi dhrámadóirí eile a scríobh as Gaeilge: an teideal atá ar an leabhar seo ná An underground theatre: major playwrights in the Irish language, 1930-80 le Philip O’Leary. Is féidir breathnú ar na leabhair seo sa Leabharlann Tagartha nuair a ath-osclaíonn sé.

Tagairtí

Leabhair

-Breathnach, D. agus Ní Mhurchú, M. (1986). 1882-1982: Beathaisnéis a haon. Baile Átha Cliath: An Clóchomhar Tta.

-Ní, Ghráda, M. (c1978). An Triail/Breithiúnas: Dhá Dhráma. Baile Átha Cliath: Oifig an tSoláthair.

-Ní Mhurchú, M. agus Breathnach, D. (1999). 1782-1881: Beathaisnéis [Maille le Forlíonadh le 1882-1982 Beathaisnéis agus le hInnéacs (1782-1999)]. Baile Átha Cliath: An Clóchomhar Tta.

-Titley, A. (2010). Scríbhneoirí faoi chaibidil. Baile Átha Cliath: Cois Life Teoranta.

Altanna ón Idirlíon

-Clare County Library (2021). Mairéad Ní Ghráda (1896-1971). 5 March. Available at: https://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/people/nighrada.htm (Accessed: 5 March 2021).

-Irish Theatre Institute (2021). Ócáid Chomórtha: A Celebration of Máiréad Ní Ghráda: Mairéad Ní Ghráda – Biography. 5 March. Available at: https://www.irishtheatreinstitute.ie/event.aspx?t=mir%C3%A9ad_n%C3%AD_ghrda&contentid=9289&subpagecontentid=9297 (Accessed: 5 March 2021).

-Irish Theatre Institute (2021). Ócáid Chomórtha: A Celebration of Máiréad Ní Ghráda: Production History. 5 March. Available at: https://www.irishtheatreinstitute.ie/event.aspx?t=an_triail_|_on_trial___production_history&contentid=9289&subpagecontentid=9302 (Accessed: 5 March 2021).

-Irish Theatre Institute (2021). Ócáid Chomórtha: A Celebration of Máiréad Ní Ghráda: Social Context. 5 March. Available at: https://www.irishtheatreinstitute.ie/event.aspx?t=social_context&contentid=9289&subpagecontentid=9303 (Accessed: 5 March 2021).

[roadscholarmusic]

A aroha ia pata i nia i te mau hono i muri nei no te faaroo i te pehe. A farii i te hoe hopea hepetoma maitai! Aivanaa purumu Bonjour S’il vous plaît cliquez sur les liens suivants pour écouter la musique. Passez un bon week-end! Road Scholar Music Bună ziua Vă rugăm să faceți clic pe următoarele link-uri pentru a asculta muzica. Să ai un weekend plăcut! Road Scholar Muzica Ciao Si prega di fare clic sui seguenti link per ascoltare la musica. buon fine settimana! Musica Da Studioso di Strada Dia duit cliceáil ar na naisc seo a leanas chun éisteacht leis an gceol. Bíodh deireadh seachtaine maith agat! Ceol Scoláire Bóthair Dobrý den, klikněte prosím na následující odkazy pro poslech hudby. Přeji vám hezký víkend! Silniční Scholar Hudba Hallo Bitte klicken Sie auf die folgenden Links, um die Musik zu hören. Schönes Wochenende! Road Scholar Music Hallo Klik asseblief op die volgende skakels om na die musiek te luister. Jy moet ’n lekker naweek hê! Road Scholar Music Hallo Klik op de volgende links om naar de muziek te luisteren. Fijn weekend! Road Scholar Muziek Halló Vinsamlegast smelltu á eftirfarandi tengla til að hlusta á tónlistina. Góða helgi! Road Scholar Tónlist Halo Silakan klik tautan berikut untuk mendengarkan musik. Semoga akhir pekanmu menyenangkan! Musik Sarjana Jalan Hei Vennligst klikk på følgende linker for å lytte til musikken. Ha en god helg! Road Scholar Musikk Hej Klik på følgende links for at lytte til musikken. God weekend! Road Scholar Musik Hej Vänligen klicka på följande länkar för att lyssna på musiken. Ha en bra helg! Road Scholar Musik Hello Jekk jogħġbok ikklikkja fuq il-links li ġejjin biex tisma 'l-mużika. Ikollok weekend tajjeb! Mużika Akkademiċi tat-Toroq Hello Mangyaring mag-klik sa sumusunod na mga link para makinig sa musika. Magkaroon ng isang magandang katapusan ng linggo! Musika sa Daan Hello Molimo vas da kliknete na sledeće linkove da biste slušali muziku. Lepo se osećaj za vikend! Road Scholar Music Helo Cliciwch ar y dolenni canlynol i wrando ar y gerddoriaeth. Cael penwythnos da! Cerddoriaeth Ysgoloriaeth Ffordd Hola much mentej clic ti' le je'ela' K'aanan utia'al u yu'ubik le paaxo'. A jump'éel ma'alo' https://www.instagram.com/p/CGJRZb8gVes/?igshid=e8ur0g1kyvjc

[toinghaeilge]

Suffixes

This is the companion to prefixes. While prefixes add to or reverse the meanings of words, suffixes often change their type. Nouns to adjectives, nouns to verbs &c. 

Adjectives

-ach, -úil, -mhar, and -ta are added to nouns to create adjectives:

-ach freagra - freagrach

-ta réasún - réasúnta

-mhar greann - greannmhar

-úil suim - suimiúil

People

-óir, -dóir, -tóir, -aí, -ach and -aire are used for professions, just like bank takes the suffix -er to become banker:

-ach Éire - Éireannach

-dóir siopa - siopadóir

-aire spás - spásaire

-éir banc - bancéir

Places

-lann forms places:

-lann bia - bialann

-lann othar - otharlann

The Abstract

-as and -achar are used when forming words to and from abstract nouns (concepts):

-achar lag - lagachar

-as Béarla - Béarlachas

Modifying adjectives and nouns

-acht or -ocht (following a vowel) can be applied to adjectives and nouns:

-acht timpeall - timpeallacht

-acht scoláire - scoláireacht

-án smugach - smugachán

-ocht te - teocht

-ocht amhránaí - amhránaíocht

Diminutives

Finally, we have diminutive suffixes -ín, -óg, -án:

-án loch - lochán

-ín duilleog - duilleogín

Try it

What might these words mean?

1. Teachín 2. Salachar 3. Stairiúil

Hover below for answers

1. Cottage 2. Dirt 3. Historical

Prefixes The Suffix Án-

[lieutenant-blackwell]

Five Words a Day (Irish) Oct. 15, 2019 - School Words

1. Education - Oideachas /ˈɛdʲəxəsˠ/

I never let school hinder my education.

Níor cheadaigh mé scoil a bhac mo oideachas.

2. Teacher - Múinteoir /ˈmˠuːn̠ʲtʲoːɾʲ/

Time is a great teacher, it's a pity it murders all its students.

Is an t-am múinteoir iontach, is mór an trua maraíonn sé gach dalta.

3. Student - Scoláire /ˈsˠkɔlˠɑːɾʲ/

A student of life considers the world their classroom.

Mheasfadh scoláire saoil an domhan a seomra ranga.

4. Mathematics - Matamaitic /ˈmˠatˠəˌmˠatʲəc/

Obvious is the most dangerous word in mathematics.

Tá 'soléir' an focal is contúirtí i matamaitic.

5. Test - Triail /ˈtʲɾʲiəlʲ/

I didn't fail the test, I found many ways to do it wrong.

Níor chlis mé an triail, fuair mé slite go leor a dhéanamh í mícheart.

[truagh-mo-thuras]

TTL;DR, haven’t been posting because I was Skye last week and it was great.

I was at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig last week for the Gaelic for Irish Speakers (Advanced Learners) course. Despite taking forever to actually get there from Dublin,  continual problems with phone reception while there, and being eaten alive by the midges, I had a great time at the college, and made friends with some really cool people. I also got to witness a bona fide flyting between a brother and sister, which then extended to include others in the group.

The course wasn’t exactly what I was expecting, or what the website implied: without going into too many details, the amount of, and level of, Gaelic was much more basic than I was hoping, and I didn’t get to really work on some of my major problems with the language, i.e. proper phonology, and vocabulary where it differs substantively from Irish. Maybe it’s because this was my first year at the College? I’m certainly happy to return, and maybe I’ll just attend one of the Gaelic Conversation classes when that happens.

I was referred to as an honorary Irish person by a number of the other Irish-speakers in the courses, which was oddly validating. Because we were in the same class for a week, I spent a lot of time conversing and doing things with them, which meant that I spent most of the week through Irish or Gaelic. The course itself was through Irish, which was itself an interesting experience, although the continual code switching made for some really bizarre utterances at times. I was fairly impressed with my own ability to take part in, or at least keep up with, fairly complex discussions with native speakers (or people with near-native fluency) on things like the semantic range of various emotions. I also have an open invitation to stay with a couple of people in Ráth Chairn, so I have to visit.

I barely slept at all on the trip there or back, so today was a fairly quiet day. I did manage to finish editing those two proofs (with a few days tospare before the deadline), catch up on my emails, as well as deal with a few things around the house. Next, I need to figure out the details of mt trip to Norway, and try to get around to reading a pair of articles.

Nach aoibhinn beatha an scoláire!

[toingaeilge]

Suffixes

This is the companion to prefixes. While prefixes add to or reverse the meanings of words, suffixes often change their type. Nouns to adjectives, nouns to verbs &c. 

Adjectives

-ach, -úil, -mhar, and -ta are added to nouns to create adjectives:

-ach freagra - freagrach

-ta réasún - réasúnta

-mhar greann - greannmhar

-úil suim - suimiúil

People

-óir, -dóir, -tóir, -aí, -ach and -aire are used for professions, just like bank takes the suffix -er to become banker:

-ach Éire - Éireannach

-dóir siopa - siopadóir

-aire spás - spásaire

-éir banc - bancéir

Places

-lann forms places:

-lann bia - bialann

-lann othar - otharlann

The Abstract

-as and -achar are used when forming words to and from abstract nouns (concepts):

-achar lag - lagachar

-as Béarla - Béarlachas

Modifying adjectives and nouns

-acht or -ocht (following a vowel) can be applied to adjectives and nouns:

-acht timpeall - timpeallacht

-acht scoláire - scoláireacht

-án smugach - smugachán

-ocht te - teocht

-ocht amhránaí - amhránaíocht

Diminutives

Finally, we have diminutive suffixes -ín, -óg, -án:

-án loch - lochán

-ín duilleog - duilleogín

Try it

What might these words mean?

1. Teachín 2. Salachar 3. Stairiúil

Hover below for answers

1. Cottage 2. Dirt 3. Historical

Prefixes The Suffix Án-

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and eventual Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Enda’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and eventual Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Enda’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

“I dwell on the importance of the personal element in education. I would have every child not merely a unit in a school attendance, but in some intimate personal way the pupil of a teacher, or to use more expressive words, the disciple of a master … the main objective in education is to help the child to be his own true and best self. What the teacher should bring to his pupil is not a set of…

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and eventual Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Enda’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and eventual Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Enda’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

“I dwell on the importance of the personal element in education. I would have every child not merely a unit in a school attendance, but in some intimate personal way the pupil of a teacher, or to use more expressive words, the disciple of a master … the main objective in education is to help the child to be his own true and best self. What the teacher should bring to his pupil is not a set of…

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and eventual Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Enda’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and eventual Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Enda’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

“I dwell on the importance of the personal element in education. I would have every child not merely a unit in a school attendance, but in some intimate personal way the pupil of a teacher, or to use more expressive words, the disciple of a master … the main objective in education is to help the child to be his own true and best self. What the teacher should bring to his pupil is not a set of…

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and eventual Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Enda’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and eventual Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Enda’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

“I dwell on the importance of the personal element in education. I would have every child not merely a unit in a school attendance, but in some intimate personal way the pupil of a teacher, or to use more expressive words, the disciple of a master … the main objective in education is to help the child to be his own true and best self. What the teacher should bring to his pupil is not a set of…

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and eventual Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Edna’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and eventual Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Edna’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

“I dwell on the importance of the personal element in education. I would have every child not merely a unit in a school attendance, but in some intimate personal way the pupil of a teacher, or to use more expressive words, the disciple of a master … the main objective in education is to help the child to be his own true and best self. What the teacher should bring to his pupil is not a set of…

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Edna’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

#OTD in 1908 – Poet, educator and Easter Rising leader, Pádraig Pearse, opens St. Edna’s school for boys (Scoil Eanna).

“I dwell on the importance of the personal element in education. I would have every child not merely a unit in a school attendance, but in some intimate personal way the pupil of a teacher, or to use more expressive words, the disciple of a master … the main objective in education is to help the child to be his own true and best self. What the teacher should bring to his pupil is not a set of…

[toinghaeilge]

Making Questions

It’s useful to know that what and who questions are built in the same way we make relative clauses (the whom’st’ves). Recap whom'st'ves: we use [a] + [séimhiú]+[dependent form].

For example,

Cad a dhéanann tú san oifig?

Or, as we have covered in whom’st’ves 1, in Connacht and Ulster,

Céard/Goidé a dhéananns tú i Londain?

Cad is used in Munster, céard (from cé rud) in Connacht, and goidé (from cad é) in Ulster (and most of Leinster). I’ll stick with standard Irish (largely Munster in this context) for the remainder of the post.

Negative Questions

These are rare, but nach (past tense) is used.

Cé nach raibh anseo?

The Copula Question

As always, it is mostly used for identification and classification:

Cé hiad sin? Cad é sin?

Liking things will follow the standard copula form (with the question, of course):

Cad ba mhaith leat?

Other places the copula might be used for questions might be to ask the time, the age of someone, or who something belongs to.

Which

In choice-making, cé acu is used as “which of them”. You may sometimes see it written as ceoca or ciaca.

Cé acu agaibh an scoláire is fearr?

Cén (from cé an) and cé na are used with the definite article (the and plural the):

Cén bia is fearr leat? Cé na daoine a bheidh ansin?

Cén can also be used to ask for the time. In fact, here are some ways to ask questions pertaining to the temporal:

Cén uair? Cathain? Cén fhad? Cé chomh minic?

How

For direct questions, we have conas (goidé mar for Ulster):

Conas atá an obair ag dul ar aghaidh?

And when it is an indirect question (containing how do/does/did),

Cén chaoi a ndearna sé é? Cén dóigh a ndeachaigh tú chuig an scoil?

And for quantity or extent, we may use chomh:

Cé chomh daor leis? How expensive is it?

Cé chomh saibhir atá siad? How rich are they?

As you can see, chomh either pairs with le or with a whom’st’ve. To make that more obvious, we can rephrase the earlier sentence, as we do with whom’st’ves:

To what extent is expensive with it?

To what extent rich that they are?

Try it

Translate these:

1. How was the game? 2. How did you break it? 3. Who is the letter from?

Hover below for answers

1. Conas a bhí an cluiche? 2. Cén chaoi ar bhris tú é? 3. Cé uaidh an litir sin?

[toingaeilge]

Making Questions

It’s useful to know that what and who questions are built in the same way we make relative clauses (the whom’st’ves). Recap whom'st'ves: we use [a] + [séimhiú]+[dependent form].

For example,

Cad a dhéanann tú san oifig?

Or, as we have covered in whom’st’ves 1, in Connacht and Ulster,

Céard/Goidé a dhéananns tú i Londain?

Cad is used in Munster, céard (from cé rud) in Connacht, and goidé (from cad é) in Ulster (and most of Leinster). I’ll stick with standard Irish (largely Munster in this context) for the remainder of the post.

Negative Questions

These are rare, but nach (past tense) is used.

Cé nach raibh anseo?

The Copula Question

As always, it is mostly used for identification and classification:

Cé hiad sin? Cad é sin?

Liking things will follow the standard copula form (with the question, of course):

Cad ba mhaith leat?

Other places the copula might be used for questions might be to ask the time, the age of someone, or who something belongs to.

Which

In choice-making, cé acu is used as “which of them”. You may sometimes see it written as ceoca or ciaca.

Cé acu agaibh an scoláire is fearr?

Cén (from cé an) and cé na are used with the definite article (the and plural the):

Cén bia is fearr leat? Cé na daoine a bheidh ansin?

Cén can also be used to ask for the time. In fact, here are some ways to ask questions pertaining to the temporal:

Cén uair? Cathain? Cén fhad? Cé chomh minic?

How

For direct questions, we have conas (goidé mar for Ulster):

Conas atá an obair ag dul ar aghaidh?

And when it is an indirect question (containing how do/does/did),

Cén chaoi a ndearna sé é? Cén dóigh a ndeachaigh tú chuig an scoil?

And for quantity or extent, we may use chomh:

Cé chomh daor leis? How expensive is it?

Cé chomh saibhir atá siad? How rich are they?

As you can see, chomh either pairs with le or with a whom’st’ve. To make that more obvious, we can rephrase the earlier sentence, as we do with whom’st’ves:

To what extent is expensive with it?

To what extent rich that they are?

Try it

Translate these:

1. How was the game? 2. How did you break it? 3. Who is the letter from?

Hover below for answers

1. Conas a bhí an cluiche? 2. Cén chaoi ar bhris tú é? 3. Cé uaidh an litir sin?