#Aluminum electrolytic capacitor value

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https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/passives--capacitors--aluminum-electrolytic-capacitors/eee-ft1e471ap-panasonic-4029126

Power supplies, low ESR High Reflow Electrolytic, Electrolytic capacitor voltage,

EEE-FT Series 25 V 470 uF Ø 8 x 10.2 mm 105 °C Low ESR High Reflow Electrolytic

[stph2llrrrw]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/passives--capacitors--aluminum-electrolytic-capacitors/eee-fk1j101p-panasonic-3028632

Low ESR SMT Electrolytic, Audio capacitor, Aluminum electrolytic capacitor value

EEE-FK Series 63 V 100 uF Ø 10 x 10.2 mm 105 °C Low ESR SMT Electrolytic

[edg2mller]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/passives--capacitors--aluminum-electrolytic-capacitors/eee-fk1h221gp-panasonic-1028619

Low ESR Electrolytic Cap, Axial electrolytic capacitor, Audio capacitors

EEE-FK Series 50 V 220 uF Ø 10 x 10.2 mm 105 °C Low ESR SMT Electrolytic

[lec2ayerrs]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/passives--capacitors--aluminum-electrolytic-capacitors/eee-fk1j471am-panasonic-9068903

Aluminum oxide, Reforming capacitors, Audio grade, computer grade

EEE FK Series 63 V 470 uF Ø16 x 16.5 mm 105°C Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor

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Aluminum oxide, Electrolytic capacitor values, Axial electrolytic capacitor

EEE-FC Series 50 V 22 uF Ø 8 x 6.2 mm 105 °C Low ESR SMT V-Chip Electrolytic

[tibcon]

Choosing the Right Capacitor Manufacturer for Your Electronic Needs

In the fast-paced world of electronics, capacitors are a fundamental component that plays a critical role in circuits. Whether in smartphones, industrial machines, or automotive electronics, capacitors store and release electrical energy, stabilize voltage, and filter signals. For businesses in need of high-quality capacitors, selecting the right capacitor manufacturer and reliable capacitor suppliers is essential to ensure efficiency, longevity, and performance in their products. In this blog, we’ll explore the importance of choosing the right supplier, key factors to consider, and how to navigate the process to find the perfect match for your electronic components.

Why Choose the Right Capacitor Manufacturer?

A capacitor manufacturer produces a wide range of capacitors, each designed to meet specific requirements for different industries. Capacitors come in various types, including ceramic, electrolytic, film, and tantalum, each with unique attributes suited for different applications. Selecting the right manufacturer is critical for a few reasons:

Quality and Reliability: High-quality capacitors are essential for the reliable operation of electronic devices. A reputable capacitor manufacturer will adhere to strict quality standards, ensuring that each component meets performance and durability requirements.

Customization Options: Depending on the application, you may need capacitors with specific sizes, values, or temperature tolerances. Leading manufacturers offer customization options to meet these precise requirements.

Cost-Effectiveness: While quality is crucial, cost-efficiency is also a priority for businesses. A reliable manufacturer provides high-quality capacitors at competitive prices, balancing quality with affordability.

Scalability: The right capacitor manufacturer will have the production capacity to meet your scaling needs, from prototype quantities to large-volume production runs.

Factors to Consider When Selecting Capacitor Suppliers

Finding reliable capacitor suppliers is essential for any business that depends on electronic components. These suppliers act as the bridge between manufacturers and end-users, providing capacitors of various types, sizes, and specifications. Here’s what to look for when choosing capacitor suppliers:

Product Range: Your ideal supplier should offer a broad range of capacitors to meet different application needs. This includes ceramic, film, aluminum electrolytic, and supercapacitors, among others.

Supply Chain Efficiency: The best suppliers maintain efficient and reliable supply chains, ensuring that capacitors are readily available and delivered on time. This is essential for manufacturers that need a steady flow of components to avoid production delays.

Technical Support and Expertise: Quality capacitor suppliers provide expert support, helping you select the right capacitors for your specific application and assisting with technical questions.

Compliance with Standards: Capacitors must meet industry standards, including RoHS, REACH, and ISO certifications, to ensure they are safe and environmentally friendly. Trusted suppliers work with manufacturers that comply with these standards.

Key Benefits of Partnering with a Reputable Capacitor Manufacturer

Working with a respected capacitor manufacturer offers a range of benefits that can impact your product’s performance and reliability. Here’s how a quality manufacturer adds value:

Access to Advanced Technology: Leading manufacturers often invest in research and development, offering the latest capacitor technologies. This can translate into higher energy efficiency, better performance, and longer lifespan for your end products.

Custom Solutions: For projects with unique requirements, a reliable manufacturer can provide customized capacitors tailored to your specifications. This flexibility is especially valuable for specialized industries, such as automotive, aerospace, or medical devices.

Quality Assurance: A reputable capacitor manufacturer will conduct rigorous testing and quality control to ensure each capacitor meets performance standards. This includes thermal testing, vibration testing, and life testing, ensuring that capacitors will operate reliably under various conditions.

Global Reach and Distribution: Many top manufacturers work with trusted capacitor suppliers globally, allowing businesses in different regions to access quality components easily and conveniently.

Understanding the Different Types of Capacitors

Each type of capacitor is suited for specific applications based on its construction, capacitance range, and voltage tolerance. Here’s a brief overview of the most common types:

Ceramic Capacitors: Known for their stability and low cost, ceramic capacitors are widely used in consumer electronics, including smartphones and computers. They are ideal for high-frequency applications and come in various types, such as MLCC (multi-layer ceramic capacitors).

Electrolytic Capacitors: These capacitors have a high capacitance-to-volume ratio, making them suitable for power supply and audio applications. Electrolytic capacitors are polarized and are generally used for low-frequency applications.

Film Capacitors: Film capacitors are highly reliable, with excellent stability over time. They are widely used in automotive, industrial, and lighting applications due to their durability and ability to handle high voltages.

Tantalum Capacitors: With a high energy density and stability, tantalum capacitors are commonly used in military and medical equipment where reliability is critical. They are more expensive but offer excellent performance for specific applications.

Steps to Find the Right Capacitor Manufacturer and Capacitor Suppliers

Define Your Requirements: Before beginning your search, understand your capacitor needs based on factors like capacitance, voltage, size, and type. This will help narrow down your options to manufacturers and suppliers that specialize in the types of capacitors you need.

Research and Vetting: Look for manufacturers and suppliers with a strong reputation for quality and reliability. Check for industry certifications, customer reviews, and case studies that showcase their product quality and customer satisfaction.

Request Samples and Test Reports: For critical components, request samples to conduct in-house testing. Many manufacturers and suppliers provide test reports, which can give insights into the quality and reliability of their capacitors.

Evaluate Costs and Lead Times: Compare pricing and delivery schedules to ensure they align with your production needs. Some manufacturers and suppliers offer bulk discounts and flexible shipping options, which can be advantageous for large orders.

Assess After-Sales Support: Reliable after-sales support is essential, especially if you need technical assistance or face issues with any of the capacitors. Choose a supplier or manufacturer that offers responsive customer support.

Why Choose a Leading Capacitor Manufacturer?

Choosing a trusted capacitor manufacturer can have a direct impact on the success of your electronic projects. From quality and performance to cost-efficiency and scalability, a reputable manufacturer offers advantages that extend beyond the initial purchase. By partnering with established capacitor suppliers, you gain access to a broad range of high-quality capacitors and technical expertise, ensuring that each component aligns with your project’s requirements.

Conclusion

In today’s electronics market, selecting the right capacitor manufacturer and working with reputable capacitor suppliers is vital to building reliable and efficient electronic products. A trusted manufacturer offers a wide range of high-quality capacitors, custom solutions, and stringent quality assurance, all of which contribute to the success of your projects. By following the tips above, you can find the ideal manufacturing and supply partner, helping you meet your electronic component needs with confidence and efficiency.

[teardownit]

Review, teardown, and testing of RS-150-24 Mean Well power supply

General description

A short description. The RS-150-24 is a power supply with a constant output voltage of 24 volts and a current of up to 6.3 amperes. According to the specification, the unit has two AC input voltage operating ranges—from 88 to 132 and 176 to 264 volts. Range selection is non-automatic with a mechanical switch. The supply measures close to 7.5 × 4.0 × 1.5 inches (192 × 98 × 38 millimeters) and is made on a printed circuit board fixed to the base of the metal case, designed to operate with passive cooling. The top lid covering the case is perforated. The power supply has an LED indication for the output voltage, allowing one to adjust it within -5 to +10%. This unit does not have either PFC or thermal protection.

Design description. The input and output circuits of the power supply are connected to a common screw block (1). From left to right, there are three terminals for the input line, neutral and ground wires, and two parallel blocks of two terminals for the outputs: ground and +24V. The input voltage from the screw terminals through the fuse (2) is supplied to the RF interference filter (3) and then goes to the diode bridge (5). A varistor (4) is installed at the filter input to suppress hazardous pulses. The rectified voltage from the bridge (5) through the range selector (6) and through two NTC inrush current limiters (7) is supplied to the input electrolytic capacitors (8). Rectified and filtered voltage from capacitors (8) goes to the forward converter, which consists of a NE1101 controller (9, on the back side of the board), a 2SK3878 power N-MOSFET transistor (10), and a transformer (11). The voltage from the output winding of the transformer (11) is rectified by the fast-recovery diode 20F20SAB3 (12) and filtered using an output LC filter (13) (14).

The base resistance of each NTC is about 4.5 Ohms.

Output filter capacitance: 2 pieces of 470 uF, 35 volts, designed for operating temperatures up to 220℉ (105℃) (14).

The output voltage is stabilized by shunt regulator AS431ANTR-E1, transmitting the control signal to the high-voltage side of the circuit through the 817C transistor optocoupler (15). A second optocoupler of the same type forms a bypass channel for overvoltage protection (OVP).

The rectifier bridge (5), transistor (10), and diode (12) are installed with individual heat sinks, which (10, 12) are pushed against the housing with screws. Between the aluminum case and the board (from the solder side) is an extra insulation layer, a thin fiberglass sheet. All bulky components are additionally fixed using a compound.

Build quality is good. The board has empty spaces for installing an additional parallel diode (12) and three output electrolytic capacitors. The board is obviously unified for all the models in the series, and these elements are used in lower-voltage models.

The output voltage LED indicator (16) and the output voltage adjustment resistor (17) are located near the terminal block so that they can be accessed without removing the top cover.

Test conditions

Most tests are performed using Metering Setup #1 (see appendices) at 80℉ (27℃), 70% humidity, and 29.8 inHg pressure. Unless mentioned otherwise, the measurements were performed without preheating the power supply with a short-term load. The following values were used to determine the load level:

Output voltage under a constant load

The high stability of the output voltage should be noted.

Power-on parameters

Powering on at 100% load

Before testing, the power supply is turned off for at least 5 minutes with a 100% load connected. The oscillogram of switching to a 100% load is shown below (channel 1 is the output voltage, and channel 2 is the current consumption from the grid):

On the oscillogram, three phases of the starting process can be distinguished: 1. Two pulses of the input current charging the input capacitors when connected to the grid have an amplitude of about 14.5 A and a duration of about one main voltage period. 2. Waiting for the power supply control circuit to start for about 220 ms. 3. (Output Voltage Rise Time) Output voltage rise takes 5 ms. (Turn On Delay Time) The entire process of entering the operating mode from the moment the device powers on is 228 ms.

(Output Voltage Overshoot) The switching process is aperiodic; there is no overshoot.

Powering on at 0% load

The power supply is turned off at least 5 minutes before the test, with a 100% load connected. Then, the load is disconnected, and the power supply is switched on. The oscillogram of switching to a 0% load is shown below:

The picture shows three distinguishable phases of the power-on process: 1. Charging the input capacitors when connected to the grid has an amplitude of about 14.5 A. 2. Waiting for the power supply control circuit to start for about 228 ms. 3. (Output Voltage Rise Time) Starting the converter, increasing the output voltage, and entering the operating mode takes 5 ms. (Turn On Delay Time) The entire process of entering the operating mode from the moment the device powers on is 233 ms.

(Output Voltage Overshoot) The switching process is aperiodic; there is no overshoot.

Power-off parameters

The power supply was turned off at 100% load, and the input voltage was nominal at the moment of powering off. The oscillogram of the shutdown process is shown below:

The oscillogram shows two phases of the shutdown process: 1. (Shutdown Hold-Up Time) The power supply continues to operate because the input capacitors hold charge until the voltage across them drops to a certain critical level, at which point maintaining the output voltage at the nominal level becomes impossible. The phase takes 38 ms. 2. (Output Voltage Fall Time) Reduction of the output voltage, stopping voltage conversion, and accelerating the voltage drop takes 33 ms.

(Output Voltage Undershoot) The shutdown process is aperiodic; there is no undershoot.

The amplitude of the current at 100% load before shutting down is 5.7 A.

Output voltage ripple

100% load

At 100% load, the low-frequency ripple is approximately 3 mV.

At 100% load, the ripple at the converter frequency is approximately 40 mVp-p, and the noise is 100 mVp-p.

75% load

At 75% load, the low-frequency ripple is approximately 4 mV.

At 75% load, the ripple at the converter frequency is approximately 40 mVp-p, and the noise is 100 mVp-p.

50% load

At a 50% load, the low-frequency ripple is approximately 3 mV.

At 50% load, the ripple at the converter frequency is approximately 25 mVp-p, and the noise is 100 mVp-p.

10% load

At 10% load, the low-frequency ripple is approximately 3 mV.

At a 10% load, the ripple at the converter frequency is approximately 40 mVp-p, and the noise is 100 mVp-p.

0% load

No-load current consumption measured with a multimeter: 68 mA. (Power Consumption) The current consumption in this mode is predominantly reactive, so it isn't easy to reliably measure it with a basic set of instruments. The power supply's input filter contains two capacitors with a combined capacitance of approximately 1 uF.

At 0% load, the low-frequency ripple is indistinguishable from background noise of approximately 2 mVp-p.

At 0% load, the ripple at the converter frequency is masked by the background noise of approximately 50 mVp-p.

Dynamic characteristics

A mode with periodic switching between 50% and 100% load was used to evaluate the dynamic characteristics. The oscillogram of the process is shown below:

It is evident that the supply’s response to abrupt load changes is aperiodic; the magnitude of the response to load changes is about 100 mV p-p.

Overload protection

The claimed protection type is "hiccup mode, which recovers automatically after the fault condition is removed." This was confirmed during testing. When a short circuit occurs, the power supply periodically tries to turn back on and, if the overload is still present, turns off again until the next attempt.

The output current for the overload protection to kick in is 8.8 A.

Input circuit safety assessment

(Input discharge) Safety assessment is based on the discharge time constant of the input circuits when disconnected from the grid; the value is 0.234 s. This means that when operating on a 120 V input voltage, the time required to discharge the input circuits to safe values (<42 V) will be 0.652 s:

Important: The result is valid for this particular power supply unit; it was obtained for testing purposes and should not be taken as a safety guarantee.

The leakage current at the ground pin is 29 µA.

Thermal conditions

When operating with no load connected, no component overheating had been noticed. Thermograms were captured at three power levels: 80, 90, and 100%, fully assembled and with the lid removed. Thermal images show that the most loaded element of the block are four ballast resistors that shunt the source output, which are located near the inductance of the output LC filter (13) and whose heating noticeably stands out against the background of other components. At 80% load, they heat up to 219℉ (104℃, 139℉ above ambient temperature). At 90%, it's 233℉ (112℃, 153℉ above ambient), and at 100%, it reaches 239℉ (115℃, 159℉ above ambient). It is worth noting here that overheating increases faster than output power.

80% load

90% load

100% load

Conclusions

RS-150-24 generally has little noise and ripple, the output voltage is maintained accurately, and the build quality is solid. The power supply's dynamic characteristics are fine; the unit reacts to a pulsing load with no overshoot.

According to the specification, it is designed for “cooling by free air convection” and “high operating temperatures up to 70°C.” However, our test unit at 100% load heated up its load resistors up to 320℉ (160℃), which seems dangerous. For long-term operation, the load should be limited to 70–80% of the nominal one, especially during the hot season when ambient temperatures reach 95℉ (35℃) or more.

When assessing the safety of the operation of such a power supply, it is necessary to consider the possibility that the load exceeds the rated value due to malfunction but remains below the protection trigger level. In this case, the output power for the tested unit will be 135% of the nominal value, leading to even greater overheating, resulting in power supply failure and a fire hazard.

Important: The results are valid for this particular power supply unit; they were obtained for testing purposes and should not be used to evaluate all the units of the same type

[alramizequipment]

ALuminium Capacitor

Description:

The Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor series includes various capacitance values such as 5uF, 6uF, 7.5uF, 10uF, 12.5uF, 15uF, 25uF, and 30uF+5uF. These capacitors are polarized components, with the anode terminal marked by a plus sign (+) and the cathode designated with a minus sign (-). It is critical to operate them with a higher voltage on the anode than on the cathode to prevent damage to the dielectric. Reverse polarity or exceeding the maximum rated working voltage, even by a small margin, can lead to capacitor failure, posing hazards such as explosion or fire.

For applications requiring flexibility, bipolar electrolytic capacitors are available in the series. These capacitors can be operated with either polarity and feature a special construction with two anodes connected in series. Users must exercise caution, strictly adhering to specified polarity and voltage limits to ensure the safe and reliable performance of these capacitors in electronic circuits.

Specifications: 

Capacitance: (5uf,6uf,7.5uf,10uf,12.5uf,15uf,25uf,30+5uf) Size: 5*11*2mm 

Terminals: 3 

Material: Aluminium 

Mounting: through hole

High Quality Electrolytic Capacitors

Low Leakage Current

Long Life

[subodhan-capacitors]

Capacitor Technologies: Exploring Different Types and Their Applications

Introduction

One area where capacitors find significant application is in power factor correction. Power factor is a measure of how efficiently electrical power is utilized in a system. APFC (Automatic Power Factor Correction) panels are designed to maintain a near-unity power factor by using capacitors to offset reactive power, resulting in reduced energy consumption and optimized electrical efficiency. Many reputable manufacturers specialize in APFC panel production, ensuring high-quality solutions for power factor correction needs.

Types of Capacitors 

Capacitors are essential components in various electrical systems, offering diverse characteristics that cater to specific application requirements. In this section, we will explore different types of capacitors along with their unique features. Manufacturers specializing in APFC panels, LV power quality solutions, self-healing capacitors, and RTPFC panels employ these capacitor technologies to provide effective solutions. Let's delve into the details.

Ceramic Capacitors: Advantages and Applications

Ceramic capacitors offer compact size and excellent high-frequency performance. They are widely used in electronic devices, communication systems, and power regulation circuits. APFC panel, LV power quality solutions, self-healing capacitors, and RTPFC panel manufacturers benefit from their versatility and reliability.

Tantalum Capacitors: Advantages and Applications

Tantalum capacitors offer high capacitance, space efficiency, and stability. They are widely used in portable electronics, telecommunications equipment, and automotive electronics. APFC panel, LV power quality solutions, self-healing capacitors, and RTPFC panel manufacturers benefit from their reliability and performance.

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors: Advantages and Applications

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors offer high capacitance and long lifetime. They are used in power factor correction, LV power quality solutions, and reactive power compensation. APFC panel manufacturers, LV power quality solutions providers, self-healing capacitors manufacturers, and RTPFC panel manufacturers benefit from their versatility and reliability.

 Film Capacitors: Advantages and Applications-

Film capacitors offer high voltage ratings, low power losses, and stable performance. They find applications in power factor correction, LV power quality solutions, self-healing capacitors, and reactive power compensation. APFC panel manufacturers, LV power quality solutions providers, self-healing capacitors manufacturers, and RTPFC panel manufacturers benefit from their versatility and reliability

Choosing the Right Capacitor for Your Application 

Selecting the ideal capacitor requires considering several factors. For APFC panel manufacturers, LV power quality solutions, self-healing capacitors manufacturers, and RTPFC panel manufacturers, it's crucial to evaluate capacitance value, voltage rating, power losses, temperature stability, self-healing capabilities, harmonic mitigation, and manufacturer expertise. By carefully considering these factors and partnering with reliable capacitor manufacturers, optimal performance, energy efficiency, and system reliability can be achieved.

Capacitors play a vital role in electrical systems, offering unique characteristics for various applications. Aluminum electrolytic, ceramic, tantalum, and film capacitors each serve different purposes. APFC panel manufacturers, LV power quality solutions, self-healing capacitors manufacturers, and RTPFC panel manufacturers benefit from the versatility and reliability of these capacitors. Each type has specific advantages and applications, enabling efficient power factor correction, voltage stability, reliability, and reactive power compensation.By understanding the characteristics and applications of different capacitor technologies, these manufacturers can select the most suitable option for their systems, ensuring efficient operation, enhanced power quality, and improved overall performance.

[adtechmetallurgicalmaterials]

Changzhi strives to realize the high-end capacitor new material technology industrial park to be put into operation before May

On March 20, at the construction site of Changzhi High-tech Zone Fengbin Electronics (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Kaisong Electronics High-end Capacitor New Material Technology Industrial Park Project, machines roared, welding spatters scattered, vehicles shuttled, and all work was progressing in an orderly manner.

Fengbin Electronics (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. is a national high-tech enterprise integrating R&D, production and sales of a full range of aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Its products are widely used in 3C industry, smart home, new energy vehicles and other fields. It cooperates with Huawei, Samsung, Fortune 500 companies such as Flextronics and Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China University of Technology, Shenzhen University and other institutions have established long-term strategic cooperative relations.

The total investment of Kaisong Electronics High-end Capacitor New Material Technology Industrial Park project is about 9.505 billion yuan, covering an area of 516,000 square meters, and will be constructed in two phases. After the two phases of the project are fully put into operation, the total annual output value will be about 6.8 billion yuan, the profits and taxes will be about 534 million yuan, and more than 1,200 people will be employed. "This is our high-speed intelligent aluminum foil production line. Now 10 production lines have been installed and debugged, and have production capacity. After the product enters the market, it will break the foreign monopoly on aluminum foil and energy storage material process technology, and greatly enhance our high-end aluminum foil and energy storage materials. The market share of energy storage materials. At present, we are making every effort to promote the renovation of the factory building, and work hard to speed up the construction, and strive to achieve production before May." Zhao Jianmin, deputy general manager of Kaisong Electronic Technology (Shanxi) Co., Ltd., introduced.

It is understood that the smooth progress of the project has benefited from a package of high-value policies and measures implemented by the high-tech zone in terms of project cultivation, talent introduction, carrier construction and technology finance. After the enterprise entered Changzhi, the staff of the high-tech zone took the initiative to connect with each other to help coordinate and solve problems, and also provided various facilitation services to ensure the smooth entry and construction of the enterprise.

Since the start of the project construction, the high-tech zone has continuously increased its service efforts. According to the actual situation, the idle old factory buildings will be "vacated for birds" to revitalize the land stock and provide a guarantee for the early start of the project. With the orderly progress of the project, the high-tech zone has taken a solid step in accelerating the development of four tens of billions of industrial clusters: electronic information, photovoltaics, high-end equipment manufacturing, biomedicine and general health.

Adtech Metallurgical Materials Co.,Ltd is a Sino-foreign joint venture integrating R&D, production, operation and service of metallurgical materials. With strong technical force and perfect production and operation system, it has passed ISO 9001 quality system certification and ISO14001 environmental assessment certification. It has established long-term cooperative partnerships with more than a dozen countries and regions. The main products of adtech :

porous ceramic filter

ceramic foam filter . 

rotary degassing, degassing unit .

boron nitride coating  refining flux, 

launder system . electric launder system .

tundish nozzle, tap out cone, tap out cone, caster tip , tap cone, etc.

To learn more, please follow website: https://www.alalloycasting.com/ 

Contact: sales@alalloycasting.com

[infofeasting]

High Voltage Capacitors Trends, Growth, Demand, Opportunities and Forecast to 2030.

The global high voltage capacitors market report provides information on the state of the world's economies, along with a breakdown of the macroeconomic environment and business perspectives. The study provides an overview of trends and challenges facing these businesses. The research includes historical data and projections for the future, providing opportunities for these organizations.

The purpose of this study is to report on and effectively forecast the global high voltage capacitors industry, which includes considerations for business cycles, demographics, and microeconomic factors. The global high voltage capacitors market research project will also provide a number of opportunities to promote growth in income. As part of that work, this study evaluates the current business circumstances. This study also assesses a variety of financial factors, including production value and growth rate.

The competitive landscape of the high voltage capacitors market includes key players such as -

ABB Ltd., General Electric, TDK Corporation, Maxwell Technologies, AVX Corporation, Siemens AG, Presco AS, Arteche Group, Lifasa, Vishay Intertechnology Inc.

Request Sample Report: https://www.nextmsc.com/high-voltage-capacitors-market/request-sample

This report offers a rundown of the biggest players in the high voltage capacitors industry. This data will be useful for both established and emerging companies as it gives them a better understanding of how to plan their marketing strategies.

COVID-19 has changed the dynamics of global business by causing production facilities to struggle. The lockdowns have resulted in everything from small businesses to international corporations having trouble meeting demand.

Furthermore, there have been changes in consumer behavior toward spending patterns. These changes are influencing the types of products that are popular. For example, customers may purchase one product rather than a more expensive luxury item. However, as the industry is moving towards recovery from the pandemic, the global high voltage capacitors market is projected to grow significantly in terms of revenue in the near future.

For the global study of the high voltage capacitors market, different research methodologies were used, including primary and secondary research, a PESTEL and SWOT analysis, and Porter's Five Forces Model. This study was carried out with statistics and figures in order to provide a better understanding of prices, costs, revenues, and numbers.

The report offers a general overview of the high voltage capacitors market, everything from sales to substance. It even covers a thorough analysis of supplier chains, retailers, and company execution across regional markets. Additionally, this research analyzes various segments of the global high voltage capacitors market. This study will assist prominent players and other emerging players in the industry to evaluate production, marketing, and sales strategies with this data.

The high voltage capacitors market is segmented into the following dielectric:

Plastic Film

Ceramic

Aluminum Electrolytic

Others

The high voltage capacitors market is divided into following categories based on application:

Power Generation

Transmission

Distribution

Others

This global high voltage capacitors market research report contains a number of different aspects of this industry. It talks about future growth opportunities, business plans, and sales. The report focuses on the forecasted market size along with market shares from companies in this field. Furthermore, the report accounts for economic and social factors that may impact the business to a higher degree than others. Some crucial data mentioned in this research report aims to help businesses develop appropriate strategies that can help them grow their business.

This report provides a deep and broad study of market dynamics and its various viewpoints in order to help companies fully execute their business plans and strategies against the ever-changing trends. Understanding the markets is essential for any company seeking to grow, lead and be competitive. The data quoted in this report has been collected through comprehensive and credible means to ensure accuracy.

The study includes forecasts for growing companies in the industry and the global market. The report pays close attention to the following regions: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East. It focuses on future revenue prospects and the latest business trends. In other words, it helps businesses understand how they can grow their business through recent technological advancements.

About Us

Next Move Strategy Consulting is an independent and trusted third-platform market intelligence provider, committed to deliver high quality, market research reports that help multinational companies to triumph over their competitions and increase industry footprint by capturing greater market share. Our research model is a unique collaboration of primary research, secondary research, data mining and data analytics.

We have been servicing over 1000 customers globally that includes 90% of the Fortune 500 companies over a decade. Our analysts are constantly tracking various high growth markets and identifying hidden opportunities in each sector or the industry. We provide one of the industry’s best quality syndicates as well as custom research reports across 10 different industry verticals. We are committed to deliver high quality research solutions in accordance to your business needs. Our industry standard delivery solution that ranges from the pre consultation to after-sales services, provide an excellent client experience and ensure right strategic decision making for businesses.

For more insights, please visit, https://www.nextmsc.com

[danielcraigazot]

Aluminum and Film Capacitor market Outlook By Size, Share, Future Growth And Forecast 2028

Azoth Analytics has released research named “Aluminum and Film Capacitor Market Factbook (2022 Edition)” which provides a complete analysis of the global Aluminum and Film Capacitor industry in terms of market segmentation by Capacitor Type, Energy, Industry Verticals, and region.

The research also looks at the market's growth indicators, restraints, supply and demand risk, and other important statistics, as well as a full assessment of current and future market trends that are relevant to the market's evolution.

During the forecast period, 2023-2028, the global Aluminum and Film Capacitor market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 6%. The downsizing of electronic devices has increased demand for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, which is anticipated to drive market expansion in the years to come. Film capacitors are being employed in production at an increasing pace all over the world because of their capacity to retain capacitance values for longer periods of time. These capacitors are recognized for their long shelf lives and low failure rate. In response to the rising demand, many companies have been bringing novel, cutting-edge products to the market, which is further anticipated to promote market expansion.

The global Aluminum and Film Capacitor market is expected to generate USD 13 billion by the end of 2028, up from USD 9 billion in 2021. Future effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will gradually diminish, causing the global economy to trend in the direction of recovery. Furthermore, it's projected that the market's operating environment will continue to advise prudence due to a variety of concerns, such as a reduction in personal consumption due to stagnant economic activity and a rise of US-China trade friction.

Due to the increased adoption of remote work and individuals spending more time at home, the market for notebook PCs and home video game consoles experienced strong demand for aluminum and film capacitors in ICT-related markets. Products for 5G communication base stations were in high demand as well. Although the COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial negative impact on demand for industrial equipment and automotive electronics, the markets did show signs of recovery after the fiscal year 2020 due to an improvement in overall world economic conditions.

The fast industrialization, urbanization, and expanding trend of electrification, particularly in emerging nations like India, China, Australia, and others, are other significant factors having an impact on the aluminum and film capacitor sector. Therefore, to reduce electricity loss, governments all over the world are working to upgrade the current power infrastructure and create smart grids.

For instance, the Government of India has announced plans to allocate USD 129.9 million for the development of smart grids across smart cities throughout India under the National Smart Grid Mission, according to a study by the India Smart Grid Forum (NSGM). Sales of electrolytic capacitors are expected to increase as a result of these advances because they are widely employed in smart grid circuits to reduce transmission loss and increase grid stability.

The research is global in nature and covers a detailed analysis of the market in America (U.S., Canada, Brazil, and the Rest of the Americas), Europe (Germany, France, Italy, and the Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific), and the Middle East and Africa. Additionally, the research report displays data including market size, yearly growth & potential analysis, the competitive study of market players, investment opportunities, demand for future forecast, and so on.

The rising demand for capacitors in various industries is fueling the growth of Aluminum and Film capacitors in the global market.

One of the key elements predicted to fuel the expansion of aluminum electrolytic capacitors throughout the expected period is the shrinking size of electronic gadgets over time. As a result, the demand for aluminum and film capacitors in the coming years will be significantly influenced by the development in the shrinking of electronic equipment.

The growing demand for high-quality capacitors in the electrical, telecommunications, and automotive industries is a major driver of the aluminum and film capacitor market. Additionally, it is predicted that the demand for both types of capacitors would increase in the next years due to the growing trend of miniaturization in the electronic device industry and a change in end-user preference for ceramic capacitors.

This study also contains company profiling and the current competition status of some of the leading players in the global Aluminum and Film Capacitor market of Nichicon, TDK Corporation, KEMET, Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation, Rubycon Corporation, Nantong Jianghai capacitor Co., Ltd, Aihua Group, Xiamen Faratronic Co., Ltd., Panasonic Corporation, Lelon Electronics Corp, and others. The company profiling includes critical information such as a business overview, products and services, key financials, and recent events and developments. Overall, the report provides a detailed overview of the global Aluminum and Film Capacitor market, which will assist industry consultants, equipment manufacturers, existing players looking for expansion opportunities, new players looking for opportunities, and other stakeholders in aligning their market-centric strategies with current and expected future trends.

[teardownit]

Review, teardown, and testing of LRS-150-24 Mean Well power supply

The LRS-150-24 power supply can operate from a 100–120 volt or 200–240 volt AC network. The manufacturer states it provides an output current of up to 6.5 amperes at 24 volts. The supply measures 5¾ × 3¾ × 1¼ inches (145 × 95 × 30 millimeters), made on a fiberglass printed circuit board fixed to the base's case. The top cover is perforated in a honeycomb pattern. The case and cover are both made of aluminum.

The board is put together neatly, with no visible defects. The components are arranged evenly, and soldering was done with a no-clean flux. Absolutely nothing dangles or rattles in the assembly.

No noises of any sort were noticed during the operation of the power supply.

The power supply uses a flyback circuit without PFC.

The input voltage is supplied to the input node: RF interference filter (1), a pulse surge limiter (varistor), then the voltage goes to the diode bridge (2) and two input electrolytic capacitors (3). The input voltage selector is also located here. Flyback, built on a MW03A controller (4, installed on the back side of the board) and a power switch (5) on a N-channel MOSFET transistor MMF60R290P. Unfortunately, there is no information about the controller on the Internet. The transistor has a channel resistance of 0.29 ohms at 650 volts and 13 amps. The transformer (6) is entirely covered by the casing, so it is unclear what core material is used. The output rectifier (7) is built using a Schottky diode HBR20150 in a TO-220F package screwed to the side wall and covered with casing. It is basically dual 150V 10A diodes connected in parallel. After the diode there are four output electrolytic capacitors (8) and an additional LC filter. Here (12), there is a small output voltage indicator (green LED) and a regulator (tuning resistor) for adjusting the output voltage. Input and output circuits are connected through a shared screw 7-terminal block (10). 3 terminals for the input line, neutral, and ground wires, and 2 in parallel for common and +24V output.

The main electrolytic capacitors are designed for operating temperatures up to 220°F (105°C), Rubycon. Two optocouplers (11) are installed in the feedback circuit, most likely with phototransistors transmitting control signals from the low-voltage output to the high-voltage input side.

The board has a few cutouts to increase the dielectric strength between the high-voltage and low-voltage sides of the circuit.

The picture shows that the board has three unused spots for storage output capacitors (8), most likely used in the other power supplies of the same series but with different output voltages.

Test conditions

Most tests use metering circuit #1 (see appendices) at 80°F (27°C), 70% relative humidity, and 29.8 inHg pressure.

The measurements were performed without preheating the power supply with a short-term load unless mentioned otherwise.

The following values were used to determine the load level:

Output voltage under a constant load

The high stability of the output voltage should be noted.

Power-on parameters

Powering on at 100% load

The power supply is turned off at least 5 minutes before the test, with a 100% load connected.

The oscillogram of switching to a 100% load is shown below (channel 1 is the output voltage, and channel 2 is the current consumption from the grid):

The picture shows three distinguishable phases of the power-on process:

The pulse of the input current charging the input capacitors when connected to the grid has an amplitude of about 7.5 A and a duration of 2 ms.

Waiting for the power supply control circuit to start for about 100 ms.

(Output Voltage Rise Time) Starting the converter, increasing the output voltage, and entering the operating mode) is 8 ms.

(Turn On Delay Time) The entire process of entering the operating mode from the moment of powering on) is 119 ms.

(Output Voltage Overshoot) Output voltage overshoot is absent; the switching process is aperiodic.

Powering on at 0% load

The power supply is turned off at least 5 minutes before the test, with a 100% load connected. Then, the load is disconnected, and the power supply is switched on.

The oscillogram of switching to a 0% load is shown below:

The picture shows three distinguishable phases of the power-on process:

The pulse of the input current charging the input capacitors when connected to the grid has an amplitude of about 7 A and a duration of 2 ms.

Waiting for the power supply control circuit to start for about 103 ms.

(Output Voltage Rise Time) Starting the converter, increasing the output voltage, and entering the operating mode) is 8 ms.

(Turn On Delay Time) The entire process of entering the operating mode from the moment of powering on) is 111 ms.

(Output Voltage Overshoot) Output voltage overshoot is absent; the switching process is aperiodic.

Power-off parameters

The power supply was turned off at 100% load, and the input voltage was nominal at the moment of powering off. The oscillogram of the shutdown process is shown below:

The picture shows two phases of the shutdown process:

(Shut Down Hold Up Time) The supply continues to operate due to the input capacitors holding charge until the voltage across them drops to a certain critical level at which maintaining the output voltage at the nominal level becomes impossible is 31 ms.

(Output Voltage Fall Time) Reduction of the output voltage, stopping voltage conversion, and accelerating the voltage drop is 21 ms.

(Output Voltage Undershoot) Output voltage undershoot is absent, and the shutdown process is aperiodic.

Ripple voltage and current

100% load

The diagram of the current draw from the grid at 100% load is shown in the oscillogram below. The amplitude of the current is about 7.5 A:

Low-frequency output voltage ripple is under 30 mV (see the oscillogram below):

Output voltage ripple at the converter frequency is under 30 mV (see the oscillogram below):

75% load

Output voltage ripple at the converter frequency is under 30 mV (see the oscillogram below):

Low-frequency output voltage ripple is under 30 mV (see the oscillogram below):

50% load

Output voltage ripple at the converter frequency stays below 10 mV; see the oscillogram (11):

10% load

0% load

No-load current consumption was measured with a multimeter, which is 60 mA RMS.

(Power Consumption) The first assumption of excessive standby power draw of more than 7 W is wrong since the current in this mode is predominantly reactive. Indeed, the input filter in the circuit contains two capacitors with a capacitance of 0.68 μF each; these low-frequency capacitors are connected in parallel, i.e., an equivalent capacitance of 1.36 μF is connected to the input terminals. A simple calculation shows that the current through these capacitors should be equal to Ic=120×2×pi×60×1.36e-6=61.5 mA. A slight difference from the measured value can be explained by the deviation of the actual parameters from their nominal values and measurement error.

Measuring the exact active power consumption at a 0% load with a basic set of instruments (oscilloscope, multimeter, etc.) is impossible.

Output voltage ripple at the converter frequency is under 20 mV (see the oscillogram below):

The amplitude of low-frequency output voltage ripples is about 25 mV (see the oscillogram below):

Dynamic characteristics

A mode with periodic switching between 50% and 100% load was used to evaluate the dynamic characteristics. The process oscillogram is shown below (17):

It is evident that the supply’s response to loading changes is close to aperiodic, and there is no overshoot, which indicates a good stability margin. The magnitude of the response to load changes is within 200 mV.

Overload protection

The claimed protection type is "hiccup mode, recovers automatically after fault condition is removed". This was confirmed during testing. When a short circuit occurs, the power supply periodically tries to turn back on and, if the overload is still present, turns off again until the next attempt. This operating mode reduces energy losses and heating during overload. Still, it does not allow the parallel connection of multiple power supplies with a common output.

The output current for the overload protection to kick in is 8.5 A.

Input circuit safety assessment

(Input discharge) Safety assessment is based on the discharge time constant of the input circuits when disconnected from the grid; the value is 0.384 s. This means that when operating on a 120 V input voltage, the time required to discharge the input circuits to safe values (<42 V) will be 0.61 s:

Important: The result is valid for this particular power supply unit; it was obtained for testing purposes and should not be taken as a safety guarantee.

Thermal modes

When operating with no load connected, no component overheating had been noticed.

When operating under load, the input diode bridge heats up most noticeably.

With a load of 90% and the top cover closed, the case heats up to approximately 200°F; the hottest spot is located in the area of the diode bridge rectifier.

With a load of 95% and the lid closed, the case temperature reaches 230°F:

The temperature of the bridge rectifier itself is a dangerous 250°F:

Somewhere around these load values, the power supply goes into a pulse-power-limiting mode and remains in this state either until the load drops or until it cools down. Then this 'heat up', 'limit power', 'cool down', and 'turn back on' cycle repeats.

Other things to consider:

Hot summer weather will decrease the maximum sustainable power output this supply can provide even more.

The tests were conducted with unobstructed air access to the housing for cooling; any changes may increase the heating.

This means that the power supply cannot handle its rated load for a prolonged period with no forced ventilation, and the load should be limited to 5.5 or even 5.0 A.

Conclusions

The reviewed power supply unit has characteristics generally consistent with those declared by the manufacturer, except for the long-term output power, which should be around 120 W.

The build quality is decent; no components clearly unsuitable for the general application, power draw, current, voltage, or temperature were found in the circuit.

The stability of the output voltage should be especially noted.

[utsourceic]

The function and principle of capacitor

In electronic circuits, capacitors are used to block DC through AC, and are also used to store and release charges to act as filters to smooth output pulsating signals.

Small-capacity capacitors commonly used in high-frequency circuits such as radios, transmitters, and oscillators. Large-capacity capacitors are often used for filtering and storing charges. And there is another feature. Generally, capacitors above 1μF are electrolytic capacitors, while capacitors below 1μF are mostly ceramic capacitors. Of course, there are others, such as monolithic capacitors, polyester capacitors, and small-capacity mica capacitors. Electrolytic capacitors have an aluminum shell, which is filled with electrolyte, and leads out two electrodes as positive (+) and negative (-) poles. Unlike other capacitors, their polarity in the circuit cannot be wrong, while other capacitors are No polarity.

Connect the two electrodes of the capacitor to the positive and negative poles of the power supply. After a while, even if the power supply is disconnected, there will still be residual voltage between the two pins. You can observe it with a multimeter. We say that the capacitor stores the charge. A voltage is established between the plates of the capacitor and electric energy is accumulated. This process is called the charging of the capacitor. A charged capacitor has a certain voltage across it. The process of releasing the charge stored in the capacitor to the circuit is called the discharge of the capacitor.

How capacitors work

Capacitors work on the principle of storing electrical energy by storing charges on electrodes, and are usually used in conjunction with inductors to form LC oscillating circuits. The working principle of the capacitor is that the charge will move under the force in the electric field. When there is a medium between the conductors, the movement of the charge is hindered and the charge is accumulated on the conductor, resulting in the accumulation and storage of the charge.

Capacitors are one of the most widely used electronic components in electronic equipment, so they are widely used in DC blocking, coupling, bypassing, filtering, tuning circuits, energy conversion, control circuits, etc.

working principle:

Capacitors are similar to batteries in that they also have two electrodes. Inside the capacitor, these two electrodes are connected to two metal plates separated by a dielectric. The dielectric can be air, paper, plastic, or any other substance that does not conduct electricity and prevents the two metal poles from touching each other. The metal plate on the capacitor connected to the negative terminal of the battery will absorb the electrons produced by the battery.

The metal plate on the capacitor connected to the positive terminal of the battery will release electrons to the battery. After charging is complete, the capacitor has the same voltage as the battery (if the battery voltage is 1.5 volts, the capacitor voltage is also 1.5 volts).

The role of capacitors

As one of the passive components of the capacitor, its role is nothing more than the following:

1. Applied to the power supply circuit to realize the functions of bypass, decoupling, filtering and energy storage. The categories are detailed below:

1) Bypass

The bypass capacitor is an energy storage device that provides energy to the local device, it can even out the output of the regulator and reduce the load demand. Like a small rechargeable battery, the bypass capacitor can be charged and discharged to the device. To minimize impedance, place bypass capacitors as close as possible to the power supply and ground pins of the load device. This is a good protection against ground potential rise and noise caused by excessive input values. Ground bounce is the voltage drop across the ground connection through a high current glitch.

2) Remove lotus root

Remove lotus root, also known as decoupling. From a circuit perspective, a distinction can always be made between the source being driven and the load being driven. If the load capacitance is relatively large, the driving circuit needs to charge and discharge the capacitance to complete the signal transition. When the rising edge is relatively steep, the current is relatively large, so the driving current will absorb a large power supply current. The inductance and resistance (especially the inductance on the chip pins, which will cause rebound), this current is actually a kind of noise compared to the normal situation, which will affect the normal operation of the front stage, which is the so-called "coupling" .

The decoupling capacitor acts as a "battery" to meet the change of the current of the drive circuit and avoid mutual coupling interference. Combining bypass and decoupling capacitors will make it easier to understand. The bypass capacitor is actually decoupling, but the bypass capacitor generally refers to the high-frequency bypass, that is, a low-impedance leakage prevention path for high-frequency switching noise. The high-frequency bypass capacitor is generally small, and is generally 0.1μF, 0.01μF, etc. according to the resonant frequency; while the capacity of the decoupling capacitor is generally larger, which may be 10μF or more, depending on the distribution parameters in the circuit and the change in drive current. to make sure.

Bypass is to take the interference in the input signal as the filtering object, and decoupling is to take the interference of the output signal as the filtering object to prevent the interference signal from returning to the power supply. This should be their essential difference.

3) Filtering

Theoretically (that is, assuming that the capacitor is a pure capacitor), the larger the capacitor, the smaller the impedance and the higher the passing frequency. But in fact, most of the capacitors exceeding 1μF are electrolytic capacitors, which have a large inductance component, so the impedance will increase when the frequency is high. Sometimes it is seen that there is an electrolytic capacitor with a large capacitance connected in parallel with a small capacitor. At this time, the large capacitor is connected to the low frequency, and the small capacitor is connected to the high frequency. The function of the capacitor is to pass high resistance and low frequency, and pass high frequency and block low frequency. The larger the capacitor, the easier it is for low frequencies to pass, and the larger the capacitor, the easier it is for high frequencies to pass. Specifically used in filtering, the large capacitor (1000μF) filters the low frequency, and the small capacitor (20pF) filters the high frequency. Some netizens have vividly compared the filter capacitor to a "pond". Since the voltage across the capacitor will not change abruptly, it can be seen that the higher the signal frequency, the greater the attenuation. It can be vividly said that the capacitor is like a pond, and the water volume will not change due to the addition or evaporation of a few drops of water. It converts changes in voltage into changes in current, and the higher the frequency, the greater the peak current, which buffers the voltage. Filtering is the process of charging and discharging.

4) Energy storage

The energy storage capacitor collects the charge through the rectifier and transfers the stored energy to the output of the power supply through the inverter leads. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (such as B43504 or B43505 from EPCOS) with a voltage rating of 40 to 450 VDC and a capacitance of 220 to 150 000 μF are commonly used. Depending on the power supply requirements, the devices are sometimes used in series, parallel, or a combination thereof. For power supplies with power levels exceeding 10KW, bulky can-shaped screw terminal capacitors are usually used.

The main purpose of capacitors:

1. Capacitors are used to store electricity for high-speed discharge. This is what the flash uses. Large lasers also use this technique for very bright instantaneous flashes.

2. Capacitors can also eliminate pulsation. If the line carrying the DC voltage contains pulsations or spikes, a bulk capacitor can smooth out the voltage by absorbing the peaks and filling in the valleys.

3. Capacitors can block DC. If you connect a smaller capacitor to the battery, after the capacitor is fully charged (the charging process can be completed in an instant when the capacitor has a small capacity), there will be no more current flowing between the two poles of the battery. However, any alternating current (AC) signal can flow through the capacitor unimpeded. The reason for this is that as the AC current fluctuates, the capacitor is continuously charged and discharged as if the AC current was flowing.

4. Capacitors are used together with inductors to form oscillators.

To take a real-life example, we see that after the commercially available rectifier power supply is unplugged, the light-emitting diodes on it will continue to light up for a while, and then gradually go out, because the capacitors inside store the electric energy in advance and then release it. Of course, this capacitor was originally used for filtering. As for the capacitor filter, I wonder if you have any experience of listening to the Walkman with the rectified power supply. Generally, the low-quality power supply uses a small-capacity filter capacitor for cost savings, resulting in a buzzing sound in the headphones. At this time, you can connect a large-capacity electrolytic capacitor (1000μF, pay attention to the positive pole to the positive pole) at both ends of the power supply, which can generally improve the effect. Audiophiles must use capacitors of at least 10,000 microfarads for filtering when making HiFi audio. The larger the filter capacitor, the closer the output voltage waveform is to DC, and the energy storage function of the large capacitor makes the circuit when a sudden large signal arrives. There's enough energy to convert into a powerful audio output. At this time, the role of the large capacitor is a bit like a reservoir, which makes the original turbulent water flow smoothly output, and can ensure the supply of large amounts of water downstream.

In the electronic circuit, current flows only during the charging process of the capacitor. After the charging process is over, the capacitor cannot pass direct current, and it plays a role of "blocking direct current" in the circuit. In the circuit, capacitors are often used for coupling, bypassing, filtering, etc., all of which use its characteristics of "passing AC and blocking DC". So why can alternating current pass through the capacitor? Let's first look at the characteristics of alternating current. Alternating current not only reciprocates in direction, but its magnitude also changes regularly. When the capacitor is connected to the AC power supply, the capacitor is continuously charged and discharged, and the charging current and discharging current that are consistent with the changing law of the AC current will flow in the circuit.

The selection of capacitors involves many issues. The first is the problem of pressure resistance. If the voltage across a capacitor exceeds its rated voltage, the capacitor will be damaged by breakdown. Generally, the withstand voltage of electrolytic capacitors is 6.3V, 10V, 16V, 25V, 50V, etc.