#Abogada Abogados

[mazariegosaragon]

[daily-spanish-word]

lawyer, attorney, advocate el abogado, la abogada

The defense lawyer presented exhibit ‘A’ at the (food) court: an avocado!

Sounds like aburrido : ‘boring’. Lawyers have a boring job.

Lawyers are bogus.

“I first want to talk to my avocado! Can you get him? He’s over there, in the fruit basket.”

‘The devil‘s advocate’ ‘El abogado del diablo’

[el-incorruptible]

Al emprender una carrera en el ámbito legal, es muy probable que se ingrese a una estructura jerárquica establecida que define los roles, responsabilidades y oportunidades de crecimiento para cada abogado dentro de un despacho jurídico. En el presente blog abordaremos como se organizan los escalafones y cómo estos reflejan el desarrollo profesional de quienes ejercen esta carrera, desde el nivel de pasantes hasta el de socios.

Desde mi perspectiva, cada escalón dentro de la jerarquía de un despacho jurídico tiene sus propias exigencias, pero también ofrece valiosas oportunidades de crecimiento y aprendizaje. Entender los factores que determinan estos niveles, como la experiencia, la especialización y la capacidad de generar negocio, me ha permitido valorar la importancia de cada rol y reconocer el camino a seguir para avanzar profesionalmente,

Por lo que a lo largo de este análisis, reflexionaré sobre el desarrollo profesional y la promoción en cada nivel, desde los requisitos y evaluaciones hasta el apoyo en la formación de habilidades y la guía de mentores, elementos esenciales para quienes aspiramos a progresar en este competitivo entorno.

 Además, exploraré cómo varían las responsabilidades y expectativas en cada posición, desde los pasantes y paralegales hasta los asociados y los counsel, quienes desempeñan funciones clave de asesoría y liderazgo. Finalmente, analizaré algunos factores externos que influyen en la estructura jerárquica, como el tamaño del despacho y las demandas del mercado, así como los desafíos y oportunidades que presenta esta jerarquía, desde la transición de niveles hasta la innovación en modelos más flexibles y colaborativos.

Si eres un abogado de lo familiar, abogado laboralista o de cualquier otra rama del derecho te invito a que profundices en el tema de la composición de los despachos legales y si deseas tener una oficina que ofrezca servicios legales seguro la presente publicación te dará un mayor horizonte al respecto.

[centraldenoticiasmx]

Pide Samuel Sotelo a abogadas y abogados contribuir con honestidad, rectitud y honorabilidad en el desarrollo de Morelos

🖊#Ejecutivo | Pide Samuel Sotelo a abogadas y abogados contribuir con honestidad, rectitud y honorabilidad en el desarrollo de Morelos +INFO:

[abogadosvalenciamf]

Valencia Abogados: Your Essential Guide to Legal Experts in Valencia

When you think of Valencia, you might picture its stunning beaches, historic architecture, and vibrant festivals. But did you know that Valencia is also home to some of the most skilled abogados (lawyers) in Spain? Whether you're facing a legal dispute, starting a business, or dealing with family matters, finding the right legal support is crucial. Let's explore why Valencia Abogados are your best bet for top-notch legal services and how to choose the right one for your needs.

Why Valencia Abogados Stand Out

Expertise in Local and National Law

Valencia abogados possess a deep understanding of both local and national laws. This dual expertise is like having a bilingual guide in a foreign country—essential for navigating complex legal landscapes. They know the ins and outs of Valencia's legal environment, which can be a game-changer in achieving favorable outcomes.

Diverse Specializations

From family law to corporate law, Valencia abogados cover a broad spectrum of legal fields. This diversity means you can find an expert tailored to your specific situation. Need help with a divorce? There's a specialist for that. Starting a new business? Valencia's business law experts have got you covered. This range of specializations ensures that you're not just getting a lawyer, but a seasoned professional with deep knowledge in your area of concern.

Key Areas of Legal Services

Family Law

Family law matters, such as divorce, child custody, and inheritance disputes, require sensitivity and expertise. Valencia family law abogados offer compassionate guidance, ensuring that you and your loved ones are protected during emotionally challenging times. They strive to resolve conflicts amicably, keeping your family's best interests at heart.

Criminal Defense

Facing criminal charges is a daunting experience. Valencia's criminal defense abogados provide robust representation to defend your rights. Whether it's a minor misdemeanor or a serious felony, these lawyers work tirelessly to build a strong defense, aiming for the best possible outcome for you.

Business Law

Valencia is a thriving business hub, and navigating its commercial landscape requires sharp legal acumen. Business law abogados assist with everything from drafting contracts to handling disputes. They act as your legal backbone, ensuring your business complies with regulations and operates smoothly.

Immigration Law

With its growing international community, Valencia sees a high demand for immigration law services. Whether you're seeking residency, citizenship, or work permits, immigration abogados can simplify the process. They help you navigate the bureaucratic maze, ensuring that your paperwork is in order and your status is secure.

How to Choose the Right Abogado

Do Your Homework

Start by researching potential abogados. Look for reviews, ask for recommendations, and check their websites. Personal testimonials and online reviews can provide valuable insights into a lawyer's reputation and effectiveness.

Evaluate Their Specialization

Ensure the abogado you choose specializes in the area relevant to your case. A family law expert might not be the best fit for a corporate legal issue. Think of it like visiting a specialist doctor for a specific ailment—you want someone with focused expertise.

Verify Credentials

Make sure your chosen abogado is registered with the Colegio de Abogados de Valencia. This membership guarantees they meet professional standards and are qualified to practice law in Valencia.

Communication Matters

During your initial consultation, assess the abogado's communication style. Are they attentive? Do they explain legal jargon in plain language? Effective communication is crucial for a successful lawyer-client relationship. You want someone who listens to your concerns and keeps you informed throughout the process.

Understand the Fee Structure

Discuss fees upfront to avoid surprises. Some abogados charge hourly rates, while others offer flat fees for specific services. Ensure you understand their billing practices and what you're getting for your money. Remember, the cheapest option isn't always the best—value and expertise are worth the investment.

Benefits of Hiring a Local Abogado

Cultural Insight

Valencia has its own unique cultural and legal nuances. A local abogado understands these subtleties and can navigate them effectively. This cultural insight can be particularly valuable in family law cases or when dealing with local businesses.

Established Networks

Local abogados have established networks within the Valencia legal community. These connections can expedite processes and open doors that might otherwise remain closed. Whether it's a relationship with court officials or other legal professionals, these networks can be incredibly advantageous.

Personalized Service

Valencia abogados often provide a more personalized service. As members of the local community, they have a vested interest in maintaining their reputation. This means they are likely to go the extra mile to ensure your satisfaction and success.

Conclusion

Choosing the right abogado in Valencia doesn't have to be overwhelming. By understanding your needs, doing thorough research, and considering factors like specialization, credentials, and communication, you can find a legal partner who will stand by your side through thick and thin. Remember, the right lawyer is not just a legal advisor but a partner in your journey through Valencia's legal terrain.

So, take your time, ask the right questions, and make an informed decision. With the right abogado, you can navigate Valencia's legal system with confidence and peace of mind.

[siatoficial]

CONTÁCTANOS AGENCIA SIAT CUENTA CON LOS MEJORES INVESTIGADORES PRIVADOS (DETECTIVES PRIVADOS) Y ABOGADOS A NIVEL NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL.

WhatsApp +584127898382

[bazarnatural]

Posted @withregram • @derechoydefensanimal Información importante 📣: Nuestra Fundación se encuentra recibiendo casos de zoofilia, animales en centros de exhibición y animales en granjas o mataderos 🐔🐮🐷. Haznos llegar la denuncia al correo denuncias@dydanimal.com 📩. Te recomendamos adjuntar en el mail todos los antecedentes que tengas (fotos, videos, testimonios, etc. Mientras más detallados, mejor ✅. Trabajemos juntos para frenar el maltrato y abuso a los animales 💪🦊. #maltratoanimal #leycholito #derechosanimales #abogados #abogadas #granja #zoologico #nomaszoo #derechoanimal https://www.instagram.com/p/Cp-mJeIJVKz/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[bsm-executive]

¿Por qué se dice que los abogados con conocimientos en Blockchain serán los más solicitados?

Aunque no lo creamos, los avances tecnológicos, según tu rubro, o profesión, puede provocar que tu labor sea completamente reemplazada por una máquina o por no contar con los conocimientos necesarios. Tal es el caso actualmente de los abogados, debido a la implementación de la tecnología blockchain en el mercado financiero y las diferentes transacciones, aquellos abogados que no tengan conocimientos en ello perderán clientes.

¿Por qué? Al momento de implementarse la tecnología blockchain, cambiaría por completo los contratos, acuerdos y transacciones que se hacían normalmente. Por lo tanto, será necesario que los abogados se adapten a las nuevas normativas del sistema para saber cómo actuar ante esta situación. Con el blockchain se abrirá paso a los negocios jurídicos digitales, como resultado, los abogados deberán optar por una identidad digital segura.

Puedes ver el artículo completo en nuestra web 👇👇

bsmexecutive

[mazariegosaragon]

[daily-spanish-word]

lawyer, attorney, advocate el abogado, la abogada

The defense lawyer presented exhibit ‘A’ at the (food) court: an avocado!

Sounds like aburrido : ‘boring’. Lawyers have a boring job.

Lawyers are bogus.

“I first want to talk to my avocado! Can you get him? He’s over there, in the fruit basket.”

‘The devil‘s advocate’ ‘El abogado del diablo’

[el-incorruptible]

ChatGPT puede transformar la gestión de un despacho jurídico, optimizando tareas clave como la formación de nuevos abogados, la preparación de audiencias, el cumplimiento normativo, y la atención al cliente. En este post a través de ejemplos detallados, vemos cómo esta herramienta permite ahorrar tiempo, mejorar la precisión, y brindar una experiencia personalizada a los clientes. La integración de ChatGPT en estos procesos no solo simplifica el trabajo diario, sino que también impulsa la competitividad del despacho en un mercado legal en constante evolución. El presente Post va dirigido a abogados en derecho de familia, laboral, penal, etc. P.D. Esta publicación forma parte de una artículo anterior, si te llama la atención el tema te invito a que leas la primera parte del mismo.

[spanishskulduggery]

Most Essential Vocabulary #2

Part 2 of Most Essential Vocab, as always I’ll include notes when I think something needs more explaining and I’ll point out regionalisms when I know them. 

And if anyone has any alternate words/regionalisms they know of for things, please let me know - it helps me and everyone else too!

...I also REALLY overdid it with the food categories, but it’s pretty much the majority of things you can find in a grocery store, market, or supermarket as far as food... except for more specific things like names of fish (which I don’t always know myself, and isn’t THAT essential unless you go to the fishmonger a lot)

-

Occupations [Los Oficios]

I’ll be including the male and female forms of things - anything with just one form is unisex

Note: Pretty much anything with -ista in it is unisex, even if it ends in A; as an example el artista or la artista. 

trabajador, trabajadora = worker [n] trabajador(a) = hard-working [adj]

abogado, abogada = lawyer abogado/a defensor(a) / la defensa = defense lawyer / defense fiscal / abogado/a de la acusación = prosecutor [generally in a trial it’s the abogado/a “attorney/lawyer” or la defensa as a general term, and then you have el/la fiscal “prosecutor”... who is also technically abogado/a but a different function]

doctor, doctora = doctor

médico, médica = doctor [specifically medicine]

maestro, maestra = teacher [lit. “master”; it is often used with teachers that cover multiple subjects and pre-college/university... usually a maestro/a tends to teach younger children, or they’re a “master” or “teacher” in martial arts or music]

el profesor, la profesora = professor [more common in university and for people who are more experts or who have specialized learning degrees]

hombre de negocios, mujer de negocios = businessman/businesswoman

artista = artist

músico, música = musician [not to be confused with la música “music” by itself which is a noun]

dentista = dentist

sastre = tailor

albañil = builder, construction worker [lit. “bricklayer”; this is sometimes the word for “mason” and general construction work and those working with stone, brick, or cement]

contratista = contractor 

granjero, granjera = farmer

cocinero, cocinera = cook

chef = chef

camarero, camarera = waiter, waitress / server* mesero, mesera = waiter, waitress / server [more Latin America]

panadero, panadera = baker [specifically el pan “bread”]

pastelero, pastelera = baker [specifically cakes or pastry; as la pasta means “dough/pastry” and los pasteles are “cakes”]

carnicero, carnicera = butcher

cazador, cazadora = hunter [la cazadora could also be “huntress” if you’re feeling fancy]

leñador, leñadora = woodcutter / lumberjack, “lumberjill”

mago, maga = magician [or “mage” if you’re playing an RPG; usually mago/a in the real world means someone who does illusions or card tricks etc]

científico, científica = scientist

químico, química = chemist [someone working with chemicals]

farmacéutico, farmacéutica = pharmacist / chemist [UK]

biólogo, bióloga = biologist

pescador, pescadora = fisher

marinero, marinera = sailor

cartero, cartera = postal worker, courier, “mailman” / “mailwoman”

soldado = soldier

atleta = athlete

nadador, nadadora = swimmer

jugador / jugadora (de algo) = player (of something) [in some contexts el juego “game” or jugador, jugadora can be “gambling” and “gambler”]

futbolista = football player / soccer player

beisbolista = baseball player

luchador, luchadora = fighter / wrestler

electricista = electrician

informático, informática = computer tech, IT [internet tech] person [la informática is the general word for “computer sciences” - so anyone who deals with computer things is often called informático/a]

programador, programadora = programmer

plomero, plomera = plumber [Latin America in general] fontanero, fontanera = plumber [Spain and parts of Mexico and Central America] gasiftero, gasfitera = plumber [parts of South America]

técnico, técnica = technician [also sometimes someone who repairs things; it’s not just “tech expert”, it could be very widely applied]

policía = police officer

autor, autora = author

escritor, escritora = writer

dramaturgo, dramaturga = playwright

actor, actriz = actor / actress [sometimes actresses use actor for themselves as a way to distance themselves from the gender of it all; but in general you see actor/actriz and los actores “actors”... saying las actrices specifically refers to “actresses”]

poeta, poetisa = poet [we rarely use “poetess” in English today but it exists]

escultor, escultora = sculpter

pintor, pintora = painter

contable = accountant [I think Spain] contador, contadora = accountant [more Latin America; lit. “counter”]

político, política = politician

juez (sometimes jueza in feminine) = judge

banquero, banquera = banker, bank worker

cajero, cajera = cashier / clerk / teller (at a bank) [cajero/a really means “someone who operates the cash register” but la caja “box” is also applied to la caja fuerte “safe” or “strongbox” so it applies to bank tellers as well; anytime there’s a cash register involved, you’re probably dealing with a cajero/a]

dependiente, dependienta = retail worker, sales clerk

el dueño, la dueña = owner / landlord, landlady

propietario, propietaria = owner, property owner

jefe, jefa = boss

asesor, asesora = consultant

consejero, consejera = advisor, consultant, counselor / councilor (someone serving on a council)

gerente, gerenta = manager manager / mánager = manager

empleado, empleada = employee

*Note: camarero/a by itself is often used as “waiter/waitress” but in some places it means “maid” as in the person who cleans up rooms in a hotel. This is because camarero/a originally meant “chamberlain” related to la cámara “bedroom/chamber” or la cama “bed” - a camarero/a would attend to someone like their personal servant and in older works it meant an adviser or someone who oversaw an important person’s appointments and sometimes coordinated their outfits or oversaw the other staff.

It came to be “waiter/waitress” in inns and hotels and the noble houses where someone might be coordinating your sleeping arrangements and also making sure you were fed, possibly serving you themselves

Today, camarero/a is often your “server” in (I think?) Spain, but in other places they’re the people cleaning up after you at a hotel. To the best of my knowledge, the cleaning crew is typically el criado or la criada “servant” - but often la criada means “maid”, both in history and today............. and outside of Batman you rarely are going to see el mayordomo “butler” used, but just in case, there it is

The term mesero/a is directly related to la mesa “table” so they’re specifically the person bringing things to and from the table which no added meanings. To the best of my knowledge this is more common in Latin America; and your camarero/a is probably the cleaning crew

*Note 2: The word músico/a for “musician” is the umbrella term. Most instruments have their own word and frequently end in -ista... such as pianista “pianist”, flautista “flautist” / “flute player”, or baterista “drummer”, as well as guitarrista “guitar player” and bajista “bass player”

You’ll find more specific terms for specific sports, activities, and other skills. Many end in -ista, and some like martial arts have specific works themselves

~

el oficio = occupation / job, job title

el puesto = position

el hueco = vacancy [lit. “a hollow/empty spot” or “gap”; can refer to jobs or empty spaces in schedules/calendars, or it can mean “a hollow” of a tree or a “gap” in something]

el trabajo = job / work

la labor = labor, work [used both for working hard and childbirth]

trabajar = to work

laborar / laburar = to work [regional; especially common in South America or Río de la Plata]

el tajo = “work”, “workplace” [I think this is regional; lit. el tajo is “a slice” or “slash”]

la oficina = office

el bufete = firm [usually law firm]

la compañía = company

la empresa = enterprise

el despacho = office (someone’s personal office; usually for teachers or bosses; this is not the “office” you typically work in, this is someone’s private workspace)

Also worth pointing out - somewhat related - that a “doctor’s office” is frequently el consultorio. It’s specifically the place you go to for a consulta “examination” or “medical exam”; so it’s more the actual building. In some places you will see “the doctor’s” referred to as la clínica “clinic” or “doctor’s (office)”; and in some places el hospital although this is very regional as sometimes el hospital or la clínica can carry different connotations of being privately owned or not

-

Buildings and the City [Los Edificios y la Ciudad]

el edificio = building

el rascacielos = skyscraper [lit. “scratches skies”]

el pueblo = town / population (people)

la aldea = village, small town

la ciudad = city

la calle = street / road

el callejón = alley

el coche, el carro, el auto = car [all are regional, all make perfect sense to everyone but they are regionally preferred - Spain tends towards coche, Latin America in general prefers carro, and parts of South America use auto]

la carretera, la autopista = highway

la acera = sidewalk [semi-related la acera is also used in many expressions related to sexually; ser de la otra acera or ser de la acera de enfrente tend to mean “to play for the other team” as in “to be gay”, and literally they mean “to be from the other sidewalk” or “to be from the opposite sidewalk”]

la escuela = school

el instituto = institute / high school [regional]

el colegio = high school [regional]

la universidad = university, college, academy

el banco = bank [el banco can also be “bench” in some places]

el mercado = market, marketplace

el supermercado, el súper = supermarket

la biblioteca = library

la farmacia = pharmacy la droguería = pharmacy [regional]

el hospital = hospital

la clínica = doctor’s office / clinic

la estación = station la estación de tren = train station la estación de policía / la comisaría = police office

el andén = platform

el ayuntamiento = town hall, city hall

la iglesia = church

el catedral = cathedral

la mezquita = mosque

el templo = temple

la sinagoga = synagogue 

el parque = park el parque de diversiones = theme park

el monumento = monument

la galería (de arte) = art gallery

la peluquería = hair salon, hairdresser’s

el bufete = law firm

la oficina = office

la fuente = fountain

la estatua = statue

el aeropuerto = airport

el puerto = port

el barco = ship

el muelle / los muelles = docks, wharf

el autobus, el bus = bus

el taxi = taxi

el restaurante = restaurant

el café = cafe

la granja = farm

la finca, la hacienda = estate / plantation [sometimes “farm” but in the sense of “this is the main house on the farmlands”]

la pastelería = bakery (cakes/sweets)

la panadería = bakery (bread)

el centro comercial = shopping center / mall

la librería = bookstore 

el castillo = castle

el palacio = palace

la fábrica = factory

el taller = workshop / art studio

el estadio = stadium

el correo / los correos / la oficina de correos = post office [kinda regional, but el correo is “mail” so it all makes sense regardless]

la tienda = store [la tienda literally means “tent”, so you will see it as la tienda de camping “tent (for camping)” as well; this is because people’s shops used to be outside and covered in awnings or tents, or they could be mobile and they’d set up tents to sell goods]

el almacén = department store [lit. “warehouse”]

el museo = museum

el teatro = theater

el cine = movie theater, “the movies”

el acuario = aquarium

el planetario = planetarium el observatorio = observatory

la torre = tower

la fortaleza = fortress

el portal = gate [or “portal”]

la puerta = door

la ventana = window

el cristal = window [lit. “crystal”, but el cristal is commonly used for “a pane of glass” and “windows” in general; it may also refer to “glass” in general... the other word for “glass” is el vidrio which is sometimes more formal or the material, but el cristal can be the glass part of clocks, watches, compasses, etc]

la casa = house

el hogar = home

-

In the Kitchen [En la Cocina]

la sal = salt

la pimienta = pepper

el azúcar = sugar

la miel = honey

el agua = water [technically feminine noun]

la grasa = fat

la harina = flour la harina de maíz / la maicena = cornstarch

el ácido = acid

el aceite = oil el aceite de oliva = olive oil el aceite de girasol = sunflower oil el aceite de cártamo = safflower oil el aceite de sésamo = sesame oil el aceite vegetal = vegetable oil el aceite de cacahuete/maní = peanut oil el aceite de coco = coconut oil el aceite de aguacate = avocado oil

el vinagre = vinegar

el huevo = egg

la yema = yolk

la clara (de huevo) = egg white 

la tortilla = omelet

[when it’s not the tortillas you see in more Latin American food, a tortilla refers to “omelet”; literally a tortilla refers to “turned/twisted” from torcer, so it originally meant something that was flipped halfway through, or partially folded]

la tortilla de papa / patata = potato omelet [EXTREMELY common dish in Spain] la tortilla española = Spanish tortilla / potato omelet

la tortilla de maíz = corn tortilla la tortilla de harina = flour tortilla

Vegetables [Los Vegetales]

los vegetales = vegetables las verduras = vegetables, greens

la lechuga = lettuce

el tomate = tomato

la zanahoria = carrot

la cebolla = onion

el puerro = leek

el apio = celery

el ajo = garlic el diente de ajo = garlic clove [lit. “tooth of garlic”]

la papa = potato = Latin America la patata = potato [Spain]

(las) papas/patatas fritas = (French) fries / chips [UK] [lit. “fried potatoes”]

la batata = sweet potato el camiote = sweet potato [Central America] el boniato = sweet potato [usually more Rio de la Plata]

la alcachofa = artichoke

la col / el repollo = cabbage

el brócoli = broccoli [has some other regional spellings like brécol or bróculi but generally the same sound-ish]

la coliflor = cauliflower

la col rizada, el repollo rizado = kale [lit. “curly cabbage”] la berza = kale

la calabaza = pumpkin

el calabacín = squash / zucchini / gourd

la berenjena = eggplant, aubergine

el pepino = cucumber

el pimiento = bell pepper [regional]

el chile / el ají = chile pepper

el aguacate = avocado

el hinojo = fennel

la aceituna = olive [regional but the most standard] la oliva = olive [regional]

el hongo = mushroom la seta = mushroom el champiñón = mushroom [all regional but all mostly make sense to everyone else; I believe champiñón is more common in Spain]

el guisante, los guisantes = pea, peas

el nabo = turnip

el rábano = radish

la remolacha = beet el betabel = beet [regional] la betarraga = beet [regional]

la espinaca = spinach

Meat and Fish [La Carne y El Pescado]

la carne = meat / flesh

el pollo = chicken / poultry

el pavo = turkey

el puerco / el cerdo = pork [or “pig”]

el jamón = ham

la salchicha = sausage

el res / (la) vaca = beef [la vaca being “cow”]

la hamburguesa = hamburger

la ternera = veal

el bistec = steak

el lomo (de algo) = loin [usually el lomo de res or el lomo de puerco]

el solomillo = sirloin

el filete = fillet

la albóndiga = meatball [depending on region the exact kind differs, but in general las albóndigas are some kind of meatballs]

el conejo / la liebre = rabbit / hare

la rana = frog

el caracol, los caracoles = snails

el pescado = fish

el bacalao = cod

el salmón = salmon

la platija / el lenguado = flounder

el atún = tuna

la trucha = trout

la pez espada = swordfish

la perca = perch

el esturión = sturgeon

la merluza = hake

el abadejo = pollock

la anguila = eel

la anchoa / el boquerón = anchovy

la sardina = sardine

la almeja = clam

el mejillón = mussel

la ostra = oyster

el calamar = squid

el pulpo = octopus

la vieira = scallop [many regional names here, just saying]

el camarón = shrimp la gamba = prawn, shrimp [both generally mean the same thing, but they are more regional; a gamba is typically bigger in my experience but because they look the same they get used as the same general thing]

el marisco, los mariscos = shellfish, seafood [general term; if you’re being specific, los mariscos mean “anything from the sea”, but if you’re differentiating fish and shellfish you use el pescado for “fish” and los mariscos for “shellfish”]

Dairy [Los Lácteos]

el lácteo, los lácteos = dairy products

la leche = milk

la nata = cream  la crema = cream [more or less the same, but some places use one more than the other; everyone understands it though]

el queso = cheese

el yogur = yogurt

la mantequilla = butter la manteca = lard

Starches and Legumes [Los Almidones y Las Legumbres]

el almidón = starch

el maíz = corn

la empanada = empanada / fried dumpling [lit. “covered in bread”, so it can be many things that are covered in dough; I’ve even seen “pot pie” called empanada]

el pan = bread la hogaza = loaf (of bread)

la miga / la migaja = breadcrumb

el trigo = wheat

la avena = oat

los cereales = cereal / grains

el arroz = rice

la pasta = pasta [sometimes “dough”]

el espagueti, los espaguetis = spaghetti

el ñoqui = gnocci

la lasaña = lasagna

los fideos = noodles

la legumbre, las legumbres = legumes

la lenteja, las lentejas = lentils

el frijol, los frijoles = beans la habichuela, las habichuelas = beans la alubia, las alubias = beans la judía, las judías = beans [they all kind of mean “beans”, it’s all regional but frijoles makes me think of Mexico or some parts of Latin America; typically they add a color to specify... so you might see las judías OR las habichuelas verdes for “green beans”, or you might see las habichuelas rojas or los frijoles rojos for “red beans” or “kidney beans”; everyone mostly knows what you’re talking about, don’t worry]

Fruits [Las Frutas]

la fruta = fruit

la manzana = apple

la naranja = orange la mandarina = Mandarin oranges / oranges

el melocotón = peach [Spain] el durazno = peach [Latin America]

la cereza = cherry

el coco = coconut

la piña = pineapple

el albaricoque = apricot [Spain] el damasco = apricot [Latin America] el chabacano = apricot [Mexico]

la uva = grape

la toronja = grapefruit

la fresa = strawberry [in general] la frutilla = strawberry [in some countries; fresa in some countries can be “posh” or “rich”]

la frambuesa = raspberry

la mora = mulberry / blueberry [sometimes la mora azul]

el arándano (azul) = blueberry

el arándano rojo = cranberry

la baya = berry

el higo = fig

el dátil = date

el melón = melon

la sandía = watermelon

la ciruela = plum la ciruela pasa = prune 

la pasa, las pasas = raisins [la pasa can refer to any kind of dried fruit, usually it’s “raisins” meaning la uva pasa “raisins” from grapes, or la ciruela pasa “prune” from plums]

el limón = lemon

la lima = lime [sometimes it’s limón for “lime”; it’s very confusing and regional]

la banana = banana el banano = banana [regional; sometimes “banana tree”]

el plátano = plantain / banana [regional]

Nuts [Los Frutos Secos]

los frutos secos = nuts [lit. “dry yieldings”; where fruto as “fruit” refers to anything that a plant produces or “bears”]

el maní / el cacahuete = peanut

la castaña = chestnut

la nuez = walnut

el pistacho = pistachio

el anarcado / la castaña de cajú = cashew

la almendra = almond

la avellana = hazelnut

la semilla = seed

la semilla de girasol = sunflower seed

la semilla de calabaza = pumpkin seed la pipa = pumpkin seed [Spain; la pipa is just “pip” or “seed”] la pepita = pumpkin seed [Mexico; it’s a specific type, but in general la pepita can be a pumpkin seed or a small seed]

la mantequilla/crema de (algo) = butter (of some kind) la mantequilla/crema de cacahuete/maní = peanut butter la mantequilla/crema de almendra = almond butter

Herbs and Spices [Las Hierbas y Las Especias]

la hierba = herb [or “grass”]

la hoja = leaf

el tallo = stem, stalk

la albahaca = basil

el laurel, la hoja de laurel = bay leaf, laurel

el perejil = parsley

el orégano = oregano

la salvia = sage

el romero = rosemary

el tomillo = thyme

el eneldo = dill

el cilantro = cilantro / coriander 

la especia = spice

la corteza = bark (of a tree) / crust (of bread/cake)

la raíz = root

la canela = cinnamon

el jengibre = ginger

el clavo = clove [or “nail” or “hoof” in general]

la pimienta = pepper (spice)

la pimienta de Jamaica = allspice [lit. “Jamaica pepper”]

el cardamomo = cardamom

la cúrcuma = turmeric

la nuez moscada = nutmeg

el cilantro = coriander / cilantro

la (semilla de) mostaza = mustard (seed)

molido/a = ground en polvo = ground [lit. “in dust (form)”]

el polvo de ajo = garlic powder el polvo de cebolla = onion powder el polvo de chile/ají = chili powder el polvo de curry = curry powder

la paprika = paprika [often the Hungarian sweet kind] el pimentón = paprika [often the spicy Spanish kind, commonly the spice for chorizo, but pimentón can also be used for “bell pepper” in some places]

la sal = salt la sal marina = seasalt la sal en escamas = flakey salt [lit. “salt in scales”; the escamas are “scales” for fish or reptiles, but en escamas is often the term for “flaked” or “flakey”]

Other Things [Otras Cosas]

el condimento = condiment 

la mayonesa = mayonnaise

el ketchup, el catsup = ketchup

la mostaza = mustard

la salsa = sauce / salsa la salsa de tomate = tomato sauce la salsa béchamel / el béchamel = bechamel sauce, cream sauce la salsa de soja = soy sauce

la soja = soy 

el vino = wine el vino tinto = red wine el vino blanco = white wine

el jerez = sherry

la cerveza = beer / ale

la mezcla = mix, mixture

la vinagreta = vinaigrette / salad dressing el aderezo (de ensalada) / el arreglo (de ensalada) = salad dressing [el aderezo may also mean “condiments” or “fixings” for other foods, but specifically for salads it’s “dressing”]

el puré = puree / mash, “mashed” / blended (el) puré de papa/patata = mashed potatoes (el) puré de manzana = applesauce [also la compota de manzana which is “apple compote”] (el) puré de calabaza = pumpkin puree, mashed pumpkin

endulzado/a = sweetened

enchilado/a = covered in chiles, covered in a spicy sauce

batido/a = whipped / creamed / scrambled [batir means “to strike” like “to slap”, or “to hit”; it could also be “stirred” and you may see it used along with agitado/a “stirred” or “shaken”]

relleno/a = stuffed el relleno = stuffing / filling

en escabeche = marinated / brined, in brine en salmuera = brined, in brine [el escabeche is “marinade” or “pickling juice”, la salmuera is literally “brine” as in related to salt water] 

hervido/a = boiled

adobado/a = marinaded (meat usually), covered in spices / spice rubbed [el adobo can mean a few things but it’s often a spice mix of some kind, sometimes a brine or marinade]

frito/a = fried

horneado/a = baked (in the oven) [from el horno “oven”, but hornear is “to bake” or generally “to use the oven”]

al vapor = steamed [lit. “(cooked) in steam”]

asado/a = roasted / baked

tostado/a = toasted

dorado/a = browned [lit. “made golden” from dorar “to gild” or “to coat in gold”, but in cooking it means “to brown”]

estofado/a = stewed, simmered

al horno = oven-baked [or al forno for Italian things]

encurtido/a = pickled los pepinos encurtidos = pickles [lit. “pickled cucumbers”]

el curtido = ceviche / slaw [generally it depends, but a curtido is some kind of sour marinated dish, and it can be vegetables like “coleslaw” OR it could be some kind of ceviche; if you see a curtido just know it is generally acidic or pickled]

la milanesa = breaded cutlet [anything milanesa refers to something breaded and fried; la milanesa de pollo is “breaded chicken cutlet”, la milanesa de res is “breaded beef cutlet” etc]

el sándwich = sandwich [standard I think (?); sometimes it has alternate spellings/pronunciations]

el bocadillo = sandwich [Spain usually, specifically on a long piece of bread like a baguette; for everyone else this is “mouthful” usually] la torta = sandwich [Mexico, specifically on a round roll] el emparedado = sandwich [I think mostly Spain; it literally means “between walls”]

la masa = dough

el pastel = cake [regional] la torta = cake [in Mexico a torta is a type of sandwich]

la tarta = tart, pie / cake [regional]

la galleta = cookie la galleta salada = cracker [lit. “salted gallete”]

la tostada = toast (a piece of toast)

glaseado/a = frosted/iced

el glaseado = frosting/icing la escarcha = frosting/icing [lit. “frost”] [you may also see la cobertura “topping” OR el baño “bath” as frosting or icing, it all depends]

la confitura = jam, jelly, compote, preserves la confitura de (algo) = (something) confit/compote/preserves

la jalea = jelly

la mermelada = jam, jelly, preserves, marmalade

la crema batida = whipped cream

el dulce, los dulces = sweet thing, sweets / possibly candy

la gomita = gummy candy

la golosina = candy [in general; kind of like the category like “confection”; all candies are golosinas really]

el chocolate = chocolate

la vainilla = vanilla

el helado = ice cream

dulce = sweet

agrio/a = sour, bitter ácido/a = sour, tart

amargo = bitter, sour

agridulce = bittersweet, sweet and sour

salado/a = salty, salted

picante = spicy [sometimes picoso/a or enchiloso/a though enchiloso/a to me implies a chile]

duro/a = hard

blando/a = soft

suave = smooth

espeso/a = thick [mixtures]

crujiente = crunchy

grasoso/a = greasy

aceitoso/a = oily

empalagoso/a, empalagante = cloyingly sweet, sickly sweet

seco/a = dry

mojado/a = wet empapado/a = soaked, wet

el sabor = taste

crudo/a = raw

cocido/a = cooked bien cocido/a = “well done” [for steaks]

Beverages [Las Bebidas]

la bebida = beverage, drink

el café = coffee

el tueste = roast [for coffee] el tueste claro = light roast coffee el tueste oscuro = dark roast tostado/a = roasted/toasted

el té = tea el té negro = black tea el té verde = green tea el té helado = iced tea

el té (de algo) = (some kind of) tea el té de manzanilla = chamomile tea el té de hierbas / el té herbal = herbal tea

el alcohol = alcohol

el trago = a shot (of alcohol)

(andar/salir) de copas = to go out drinking [la copa is “wine glass”, related to the word “goblet”, so de copas is “out drinking” in a way]

el vaso (de agua) = glass (of water)

la taza (de té/café) = cup/mug (of tea/coffee) / teacup or coffee cup/mug

la copa = glass (of wine)

el refresco = soda [regional] la gaseosa = soda [regional] la bebida gaseosa = soft drink

la soda = soda [can also be “seltzer water” or “club soda”]

con gas = carbonated, “sparkling” [lit. “with gas” sin gas = uncarbonated, “flat”

la cidra = cider

el vino = wine el vino tinto = red wine el vino blanco = white wine

el champán = champagne

la cerveza = beer la caña = draft beer [at least in Spain; idk about everywhere else; lit. caña is “reed” or “tube” so it means it comes from a keg or spigot or something is “on tap”]

el ron = rum

la ginebra = gin

el vodka = vodka

el whiskey, el whisky = whiskey el (whiskey) escocés = scotch [lit. “Scottish (whiskey)”]

la limonada = lemonade

el zumo = juice [Spain] el jugo = juice [Latin America, usually]*

la pulpa = pulp sin pulpa = no pulp

el hielo = ice con hielo = with ice sin hielo = without ice sobre hielo = on ice / over ice / “on the rocks”

mezclado/a = mixed

*el jugo is used sometimes in Spain, often with “meat juices” and jugoso/a is still “juicy” in many countries, but it’s more common in Spain for fruit juices to be zumo... whether it’s zumo de naranja “orange juice” or zumo de manzana “apple juice” etc

Some common drinks to know: la sangría is “sangria” [lit. “bloodletting” related to la sangre “blood”] which is wine with fruit. Since sangria can be kind of touristy, some places tend to have tinto de verano “summer red wine” which is often cheap red wine and some kind of fruit soda like sparkling lemonade or orange soda. Another common one is la clara which is beer and sparkling lemonade [I think close to a “shandy” in English though lord knows I rarely call it that]

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Meals [Las Comidas]

el aperitivo = appetizer

las tapas = tapas, appetizers [typically more of a Spain thing]

el plato fuerte = main dish, entree [lit. “strong dish”] el plato principal = main dish, entree

la ensalada = salad

la sopa = soup

el caldo = broth

el estofado = stew

el desayuno = breakfast [standard, but also sometimes regional where desayuno might be very early or more sweet]

la comida = lunch / meal [in general] el almuerzo = lunch [US/UK; for most other places it’s a midmorning meal]

la merienda = snack / teatime, high tea

la cena = dinner

el postre = dessert

la comida ligera = light meal

la comida basura = junk food

There’s so much to say about eating schedules in Spanish vs English but really your experience will be different depending on if the country has a siesta culture. Just know many of the words can be HIGHLY regional

In most Spanish-speaking countries la comida is “lunch” [lit. “food”]; but in the US we typically say el almuerzo as a meal that happens at noon. Depending on where you are your entire eating schedule is different but in the US we have three meals - el desayuno, el almuerzo, la cena. Your exact meal schedule will depend on the country you’re in

¡Buen provecho! = Bon Appetit, “Dig In” [said before eating]

¡Salud! = Cheers! [lit. “health”, said before drinking during a toast] ¡Chin-chin! = Cheers! [a less formal toast, it’s literally the sound of glasses clinking together so it implies everyone sort of touches their glasses before drinking; chin-chin is often said with salud at these times so you’ll probably hear them both at the same time at an informal party/occasion]

la sobremesa = “dinner conversation” [a culture concept; la sobremesa literally is “above table” but it’s the word for talking and hanging out with friends and family over a meal, sort of like chitchat or conversation... it’s the act of growing closer “at the table”]

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School Subjects [Las Materias]

la escuela = school

la tarea = homework / task

la materia = school subject

las matemáticas (mate / las mates) = mathematics, math

el álgebra = algebra [technically feminine]

la geometría = geometry

el cálculo = calculus [or “calculations”, it can be used like “I did the math” or “I ran the numbers”... that’s cálculo too]

la ciencia = science

la biología = biology

la química = chemistry

la física = physics

la informática = computer sciences, IT

la historia = history

la geografía = geography

los estudios sociales = social studies

las bellas artes = fine arts [arte is typically masculine, but in certain contexts it’s feminine - usually for las bellas artes or las artes marciales “martial arts”]

la literatura = literature

la escritura = writing / creative writing la narrativa = writing / creative writing [la narrativa means “narrative” but also could mean “storycraft”, as in one’s ability to write/tell a story]

el arte = art

la música = music

el drama = drama, theater [masculine] el teatro = theater (place and a subject)

el idioma = language [masculine] la lengua = language [lit. “tongue”]

la lengua y literatura = language arts [lit. “language and literature”] las artes del lenguaje = language arts

la poesía = poetry

la comunicación = communication

la traducción = translation

la psicología = psychology [sometimes it’s written as sicología without the P; they’re both correct, but psicología is more common]

la sociología = sociology

la medicina = medicine

el Derecho = Law [often capitalized; by itself el derecho means “a right”]

la contabilidad = accounting

la enseñanza = teaching

la educación físicia = physical education, PE / gym

la gimnasia = gym [it also is “gymnastics”, or basic “physical exercise”]

el deporte / los deportes = sport / sports

el atletismo = track and field / athletics [sometimes “track and field” is (la) pista y (el) campo but pista y campo might also be el atletismo]

(el) tiro al blanco = archery / darts [lit. “the act of shooting at the target”, but el tiro “shooting” can also refer to guns as well]

la esgrima = fencing

la natación = swimming [the noun, not the verb]

Many sports-related things are influenced by Greek traditions - la gimnasia as “gym” or “physical exercise” or “gymnastics” literally means “things pertaining to the gymnasium” which is where people would work out or play certain sports or exercise. And similarly el atletismo means “track and field” because it referred to the kind of sports professional athletes practiced in Greece or practiced for the Olympics... specifically the ones that used to be done outside, such as el maratón “marathon”, running, etc. Obviously we don’t have the discus or horseracing in most schools, but the Greek influence is there. And because el atleta means “athlete”, el atlestismo also refers to “athletics” in general

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