#ALL OF THAT is based on trends people are overinvested in

[fierceawakening]

So there is an “x amount of calories is too little no matter who you are” post on my dash and all I can say is… if you do decide to lose weight, find out for yourself?

If you have an ED then obviously you can’t do this, but if you don’t… experiment. Are there reduced portions that maybe don’t feel amazing but don’t bother you a lot? Try that. See if it’s tolerable for you. Are there reduced portions that leave you feeling awful and food obsessed? Too far.

What I found and what I suspect a lot of people can find if they don’t have an ED is that I was eating as much as larger humans did because I assumed it was normal, but when I stopped going “what’s on my plate is a serving, because the waiter knows best” discovered I generally want less.

This fluctuates for me during my period, at which point I crave more food, and want the red meat I’ve been trying to eat less of. So I eat it. Then in a week when I feel less cravings, I go back down again.

Is it perfect? No.

Am I healthier than I was when MUST EAT 2000 NO MATTER WHAT?

Personally? I think yes.

[gotestbank]

Test bank Community Public Health Nursing 7th Edition by Nies

Chapter 01: Health: A Community View

Nies: Community/Public Health Nursing, 7th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care? a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care. b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system. c. Our national health care costs keep increasing. d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans. ANS: C The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly increasing costs, which cannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the sick accounted for the majority of escalating health care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to 17.8% in 2015. Politicians and the media both influence Americans’ perceptions about health care; however, they are not the primary reason why Americans are concerned. The new health care system will change the health care access and availability, but will not necessarily be offering any free services to Americans. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) 2. A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this involvement important? a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very visible in American media. b. Nurses are primarily responsible for managing the various units in our health care system. c. Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers. d. Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals. ANS: C As the largest segment of health care providers, nurses are informed about the current health care system and all the problems that result from people not seeking care until they are desperately ill. Nurses, as the American Nurses Association (ANA) emphasize, usually believe that health care is a right, not a privilege. Therefore, nurses, whose work is central to our current health care delivery system, can also be instrumental in working politically to create a health care delivery system that will meet health needs. While nurses are in several current TV series and are employed both inside and outside of hospitals, physicians and other health care providers are as well. Nurses are often managers, but managers often have other backgrounds, such as business administration. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) 3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed? a. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical centers. b. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care. c. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions. d. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer NURSINGTB.COM Community Public Health Nursing 7th Edition Nies Test BankNU RS IN GT B.CO M relations. ANS: B MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are closing and acute care is increasingly found in central medical centers, the same trend may be seen in an increase in neighborhood-based practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care is recognized as an area where growth in employment is expected. However, nurses are increasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals. This change reflects the move toward community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. To help decrease the continued rise in health care costs, the increased emphasis is on disease prevention rather than high-cost treatment. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) 4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis? a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace. b. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice. c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility. d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems. ANS: C Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the environment safe and in egalitarian tradition and vision. An overinvestment in technology and seeking of cures within the market justice system has stifled the evolution of a health system to protect and preserve the health of the population. Although individual autonomy and freedom of choice are important, so is the recognition of collective responsibility in ensuring social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s emphasis on choosing healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choices? a. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and minimal use of alcohol or drugs, is also needed. b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable. c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices. d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and environmental changes needed for well-being. ANS: D Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the emphasis on personal choices in the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices ignores the need for community responsibility and action that addresses environmental or cultural restraints to health. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require of the nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients? a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available NURSINGTB.COM Community Public Health Nursing 7th Edition Nies Test BankNU RS IN GT B.CO M to clients. b. Recognize the need for experienced nurses to mentor new graduates to help increase and expand the number of professionals available. c. Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care. d. Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care. ANS: C The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health policy and legislation to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. The code does not directly address workplace issues, such as work schedules or need for overtime. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) 7. What is the community health nursing definition of health? a. Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful process toward well-being or wholeness. b. Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. c. Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or her environment in meeting daily existence. d. Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure safety and well-being. ANS: D The text stresses that health is not just the result of an individual’s choices, but choices and actions of individuals, families, groups, and communities that lead to better health. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 8. How does community health nursing define community? a. A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries b. A group of persons who share a common identity and environment c. A group of persons who work together to meet common goals d. A group of persons who resolve a community concern ANS: B Community health nurses work with both geopolitical groups (within specific geographic boundaries) and phenomenological groups (who have a common identity based on culture, history, or goals). A particular phenomenological group may or may not have been a planned group—that is, a group that came together to resolve a recognized common problem or to meet a common goal. However, of all the choices, a group of persons who share a common identity (phenomenological group) and environment (which implies a specific geographic setting) is the broadest and most complete definition. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 9. Which variable has a major influence on a community’s health? a. Behavior choices made by persons in the community b. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community c. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.) d. The number and credentials of public health officials in the community ANS: A NURSINGTB.COM Community Public Health Nursing 7th Edition Nies Test BankNU RS IN GT B.CO M Individual behavior choices are responsible for about 50% of health outcomes. Individual choices are affected through interaction with other individuals, and their mutual social and physical environments. The number of health care providers has not played a major role in the health outcomes in the community in comparison to individual health behaviors. The quality of public safety officers and number of public health officials have not been identified as major contributors to the determinants of health. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 10. What change could most effectively lead to a longer life span in Americans? a. Parenting and sexual behavior classes in all public school systems b. Legislation restricting alcohol and drug use c. Notably reducing speed limits on all state and federal highways, and changing the age limit for driving to 21 years of age d. The belief that smoking is shameful and disgusting, as well as expensive, becoming the social norm ANS: D Smoking is responsible for almost 20% of all deaths in the United States. Although smoking is an individual’s choice, all people are affected by social norms. Parenting and sexual behavior classes and legislative changes may influence health, but may not necessarily lead to a longer lifespan. Community health nurses should recognize that health is influenced by a web of factors, some that can be changed and some that cannot. Influencing social norms may better promote change among Americans. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 11. What is the health issue causing the most concern in the United States today? a. Diabetes epidemic b. Increase in cardiac disease c. Increase in obesity d. Rise in cancer rates ANS: C The widespread increase in incidence of overweight and obesity has led to calls for population-based measures to address this issue. The overarching problem of obesity has led to an increase in diabetes as well as cardiac disease. If this health issue was controlled, there should be in a decrease in the other health issues. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) 12. What factors are most responsible for the increasing length of life of Americans over the past 100 years? a. Better nutrition and family planning options b. Education concerning the need to reduce salt and fat in the diet c. Improved medical care, including exciting new technologies d. More efficient cancer screenings and early intervention ANS: A NURSINGTB.COM Community Public Health Nursing 7th Edition Nies Test BankNU RS IN GT B.CO M Average increased life span over the past 100 years can be largely attributed to higher standards of living, better nutrition, a healthier environment, and having fewer children. Public health efforts such as immunization and medical care have also contributed. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) 13. Why would a public health nurse want to know about morbidity and mortality statistics on the local, state, and national level? a. To be able to share current trends in health problems with the community b. To be able to observe the community’s statistics over time and compare the community with other communities c. To justify local budgets and the need for increased income from citizens d. To publicize current health issues and suggest appropriate actions to citizens ANS: B Although being informed and being able to educate the public is always preferred and nurses often do have to justify budgets, data are needed to compare the local community with itself over time and with other communities so that problems may be recognized and action taken to confront health issues. The first step is always to recognize problems as they develop. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 14. How do public health efforts differ from medical efforts in improving the health of our citizens? a. Medical care providers autonomously choose appropriate interventions, whereas public health care providers must engage in whatever actions legislation requires. b. Medical care providers are self-employed or agency employed, whereas public health care providers are employed by and paid through the government. c. Medical care providers focus only on individuals, whereas public health care providers focus only on aggregates. d. Medical care providers focus on disease diagnosis and management, whereas public health care providers focus on health promotion and disease prevention. ANS: D Medical care providers are restricted by insurance and government regulations. Providers may also be employed in government facilities, such as Veterans Administration facilities. However, medical care providers primarily focus on diagnosis and treatment of disease, whereas public health care providers try to promote health and prevent disease. Although medical care providers primarily focus on individuals and public health care providers primarily focus on aggregates, their practice is not limited to only individuals or only aggregates. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 15. Which primary prevention would the school nurse choose to address the school’s number of unwed pregnancies? a. Create a class on parenting for both the moms-to-be and the dads-to-be. b. Convince the school board to allow sex education classes to include birth control measures. c. Employ the moms-to-be as 1-hour-a-day employees in the school daycare center for children born to school students. NURSINGTB.COM Community Public Health Nursing 7th Edition Nies Test BankNU RS IN GT B.CO M d. Establish a class where all the unwed moms-to-be can learn infant care. ANS: B Primary prevention relates to activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Primary prevention consists of two elements: general health promotion and specific protection. Health promotion efforts enhance resiliency and protective factors and target essentially well populations. Specific protection efforts reduce or eliminate risk factors. Although all choices would be appropriate actions in a school, only education regarding sexuality and birth control would help prevent future pregnancies. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

[rafngates2-blog]

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[johnmauldin]

The Bubble Economy Is Set To Burst

My friend Andy Xie, based in Shanghai, is a very independent-minded investment analyst and economist. With a PhD from MIT, he has been at the IMF and was a star economist for the Morgan Stanley Asia-Pacific group.

His often bearish calls on various parts of the Chinese economy have elicited a lot of criticism from Chinese officials and retail investors. I have been on the stage with him several times, both on the same side of debates and on opposite sides—he is a formidable opponent!

We do have one thing in common: While we may be often wrong, we are seldom in doubt and certainly not afraid of letting others know what we think. Forcefully.

This week, Andy posted an essay in the South China Morning Post: “The bubble economy is set to burst, and US elections may well be the trigger.” I find that interesting. Here I am looking at the problems in China as potentially triggering global problems, and he is looking at elections in the US.

In today’s Outside the Box, Andy looks at what he thinks is the cause of the current bubbles that he sees around the world: central bank intervention. And I agree.

I am more convinced than ever that we are rapidly moving into a world where the unthinkable—and I mean truly unthinkable—is going to be not only thought about but acted upon. Damn the torpedoes and all that stuff. I think you will enjoy Andy’s insights.

The bubble economy is set to burst, and US elections may well be the trigger

By Andy Xie October 8, 2017 Originally published here

Central banks continue to focus on consumption inflation, not asset inflation, in their decisions. Their attitude has supported one bubble after another. These bubbles have led to rising inequality and made mass consumer inflation less likely.

Since the 2008 financial crisis, asset inflation has fully recovered, and then some. The US household net worth is 34 percent above the peak in 2007, versus 30 percent for nominal GDP. China’s property value may have surpassed the total in the rest of the world combined. The world is stuck in a vicious cycle of asset bubbles, low consumer inflation, stagnant productivity and low wage growth.

The US Federal Reserve has indicated that it will begin to unwind its QE (quantitative easing) assets this month and raise the interest rate by another 25 basis points to 1.5 percent. China has been clipping the debt wings of grey rhinos and pouring cold water on property speculation. They are worried about asset bubbles.

But, if recent history is any guide, when asset markets begin to tumble, they will reverse their actions and encourage debt binges again.

Recently, some central bankers have been puzzled by the breakdown of the Philipps Curve: that falling unemployment rates would lead to wage inflation first and consumer price inflation next. This shows how some of the most powerful people in the world operate on flimsy assumptions.

Despite low unemployment and widespread labour shortages, wage increases and inflation in Japan have been around zero for a quarter of a century. Western central bankers assumed that the same wouldn’t happen to them without understanding the underlying reasons.

The loss of competitiveness changes how macro policy works. Japan has been losing competitiveness against its Asian neighbours. As its population is small, relative to the regional total, lower wages in the region have exerted gravity on its labour market. This is the fundamental reason for the decoupling between the unemployment rate and wage trend.

The mistaken stimulus has the unintended consequences of dissipating real wealth and increasing inequality. American household net worth is at an all-time high of five times GDP, significantly higher than the bubble peaks of 4.1 times in 2000 and 4.7 in 2007, and far higher than the historical norm of three times GDP. On the other hand, US capital formation has stagnated for decades. The outlandish paper wealth is just the same asset at ever higher prices.

The inflation of paper wealth has a serious impact on inequality. The top 1 percent in the US owns one-third of the wealth and the top 10 percent owns three-quarters. Half of the people don’t even own stocks. Asset inflation will increase inequality by definition. Moreover, 90 percent of the income growth since 2008 has gone to the top 1 percent, partly due to their ability to cash out in the inflated asset market. An economy that depends on asset inflation always disproportionately benefits the asset-rich top 1 percent.

There have been so many theories on why inequality has risen. The misguided monetary policy may be the culprit. Germany and Japan do not have significant asset bubbles. Their inequality is far less than in the Anglo-Saxon economies that have succumbed to the allure of financial speculation.

While Western central bankers can stop making things worse, only China can restore stability in the global economy. Consider that 800 million Chinese workers have become as productive as their Western counterparts, but are not even close in terms of consumption. This is the fundamental reason for the global imbalance.

China’s model is to subsidise investment. The resulting overcapacity inevitably devalues whatever its workers produce. That slows down wage rises and prolongs the deflationary pull. This is the reason that the Chinese currency has had a tendency to depreciate during its four decades of rapid growth, while other East Asian economies experienced currency appreciation during a similar period.

Overinvestment means destroying capital. The model can only be sustained through taxing the household sector to fill the gap. In addition to taking nearly half of the business labour outlay, China has invented the unique model of taxing the household sector through asset bubbles. The stock market was started with the explicit intention to subsidise state-owned enterprises. The most important asset bubble is the property market. It redistributes about 10 per cent of GDP to the government sector from the household sector.

The levies for subsidising investment keep consumption down and make the economy more dependent on investment and export. The government finds an ever-increasing need to raise levies and, hence, make the property bubble bigger. In tier-one cities, property costs are likely to be between 50 and 100 years of household income. At the peak of Japan’s property bubble, it was about 20 in Tokyo. China’s residential property value may have surpassed the total in the rest of the world combined.

How is this all going to end? Rising interest rates are usually the trigger. But we know the current bubble economy tends to keep inflation low through suppressing mass consumption and increasing overcapacity. It gives central bankers the excuse to keep the printing press on.

In 1929, Joseph Kennedy thought that, when a shoeshine boy was giving stock tips, the market had run out of fools. Today, that shoeshine boy would be a genius. In today’s bubble, central bankers and governments are fools. They can mobilise more resources to become bigger fools.

In 2000, the dot-com bubble burst because some firms were caught making up numbers. Today, you don’t need to make up numbers. What one needs is stories.

Hot stocks or property are sold like Hollywood stars. Rumour and innuendo will do the job. Nothing real is necessary.

In 2007, structured mortgage products exposed cash-short borrowers. The defaults snowballed. But, in China, leverage is always rolled over. Default is usually considered a political act. And it never snowballs: the government makes sure of it. In the US, the leverage is mostly in the government. It won’t default, because it can print money.

The most likely cause for the bubble to burst would be the rising political tension in the West. The bubble economy keeps squeezing the middle class, with more debt and less wages. The festering political tension could boil over. Radical politicians aiming for class struggle may rise to the top. The US midterm elections in 2018 and presidential election in 2020 are the events that could upend the applecart.

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Every week, celebrated economic commentator John Mauldin highlights a well-researched, controversial essay from a fellow economic expert. Whether you find them inspiring, upsetting, or outrageous… they’ll all make you think Outside the Box. Get the newsletter free in your inbox every Wednesday.