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ailtrahq · 1 year ago

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Maker (MKR) price crossed the $1,500 mark on October 1 for the first time since May 2022. On-chain analysis examines two vital indicators that could accelerate the current price rally. MKR is the native token of MakerDAO — the decentralized finance protocol that issues the $5 billion market cap DAI stablecoin. Courtesy of the recent spikes in network demand, MKR price has reclaimed the $1,500 spot for the first time since the TerraUST algorithmic stablecoin crashed in May 2022. Technical Modifications Have Seen MKR Global Adoption Reclaim 2021 Peaks MKR was one of the worst-hit cryptocurrencies during the TerraUST-induced market crash in May 2022. At the time, DAI was one of the most prominent stables built on the algorithmic mechanism, a characteristic shared with the ill-fated UST stablecoin. In the aftermath of the systemically bearish event, the MakerDAO team took frantic steps to modify the DAI stablecoin collateral mechanism. In effect, it switched to a hybrid mechanism, with a mix of mega-cap cryptos, collateralized stablecoins, and US Fed-issued debt instruments now backing DAI. On-chain data shows that those efforts have yielded desired dividends, as MKR tokens deployed in daily transactions are now approaching peaks last seen during the 2021 bull market. As seen below, MKR Daily Active Addresses hit the 2-month peak of 761 on October 2. But more importantly, it has scaled the 400 mark for 1 consecutive week, dating back to September 26. Notably, this happened last in May 2021 when MKR hit its all-time high price of $6,290. MakerDAO (MKR) Daily Active Addresses vs Price | Source: IntoTheBlock The Daily Active Addresses metric tracks a blockchain network’s prevailing user participation rate. It is derived by aggregating the number of unique addresses interacting on a given day. When daily network activity thrives at historical peaks for an extended period, as observed above, it suggests healthy organic growth within the ecosystem. Going by historic trends seen in 2021, it’s only a matter of time before the network participants drive MKR prices to new heights. Network Participants are Performing Economically Viable Transactions Furthermore, there has been a comparable increase in MKR daily transactions in recent weeks. After the US Fed announced a rate pause on September 20, the number of daily transactions on the MakerDAO network has increased considerably as investors increasingly pile on the attractive 8% DAI savings rate. The chart below shows that the Maker network recorded 2,240 confirmed transactions on October 1. Similar to the DAA count, it has consistently recorded transactions greater than 1,200 since September 26. MakerDAO (MKR) Daily Number of Transactions vs Price | Source: IntoTheBlock By tracking the daily number of confirmed transactions, the Transaction Count metric gives a clear estimate of the economic activity levels on a blockchain network. Typically, when Daily Active Addresses coincides with network demand it suggests that users perform economically viable transactions. Such a consistent rise in network activity means that the underlying native token is now in demand. Unsurprisingly, the Maker token price has witnessed a 15% price bounce between September 25 and October 3. Hence, this confirms the prediction that the renewed Maker network user engagement rate could propel MKR price further upwards in the coming weeks. MKR Price Prediction: $2,000 Could Be the Next Target The critical on-chain data points analyzed indicate that sentiment surrounding the MakerDAO ecosystem is predominantly bullish. Hence, the price will likely continue to rally toward $2,000 if the bulls remain in control. The Global In/Out of Money Around Price (GIOM) data, which depicts the entry price distribution of current MakerDAO network participants, also validates this bullish prediction. It shows that if MKR price can scale the initial resistance at $1,800, the bulls could potentially drive a price rally above $2,000

As shown below, the 7,930 addresses bought 74,650 MKR tokens at an average price of $1,813. If they book early profits, they could trigger a momentary pullback. But if the network activity intensifies, the price rally could eventually hit a new 2023 peak of $2,500. MakerDAO (MKR) Price Prediction | GIOM data | Source: IntoTheBlock Yet, the bears could invalidate this optimistic prediction if Maker’s token price backtracks below $1,200. However, as shown above, 9,250 addresses had bought 238,700 MKR tokens at the maximum price of $1,199. If they HODL, MKR could avoid the bearish downswing. But if the bull cannot defend that vital support level, the MKR price could drop and eventually slide below $1,200.

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greatcomputerdelusion · 2 years ago

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maxxfinance · 2 years ago

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A New Hybrid Yield Aggregator

MAXX Finance is elevating the standard of traditional staking/yield farming systems we have seen in the past by focusing on high performance and efficiency. By applying innovation to pre-existing staking protocols we have created a cutting-edge ecosystem that rewards users for removing their tokens from circulation. In addition, MAXX has improved the tokenomic system of staking to reward the staking class and simultaneously combat inflation through deflationary measures.

People love staking and yield optimizing platforms. With MAXX we a building a protocol from the ground up to allow users to maximize these returns in an innovative and unique way. — Alpha

What is crypto staking?

Crypto staking is an activity where a user locks or holds funds in a cryptocurrency wallet to participate in maintaining the operations of a proof-of-stake (PoS)-based blockchain system. Crypto staking is similar to crypto mining in the sense that it helps a network achieve consensus while rewarding users who participate.

In staking, the right to validate transactions is determined by how many coins are “locked” inside a wallet. However, just like mining on a PoW platform, crypto stakers are incentivized to find a new block or add a transaction on a blockchain. Apart from incentives, PoS blockchain platforms are scalable and have high transaction speeds.

What is yield farming?

Yield farming allows investors to earn yield by putting coins or tokens in a decentralized application, or dApp. Examples of dApps include crypto wallets, DEXs, decentralized social media, and more.

Yield farmers generally use decentralized exchanges (DEXs) to lend, borrow, or stake coins to earn interest and speculate on changes in price. Yield farming across DeFi is facilitated by smart contracts — pieces of code that automate financial agreements between two or more parties.

The problems Yield Farming & Staking can be a very profitable endeavor, however, it’s not without risk. The cryptocurrency ecosystem can be highly volatile, by staking or providing liquidity to multiple pairs you are essentially at risk.

Potential risks:

Impermanent Loss — It is very common that LP (liquidity providers) can experience impermanent loss during holding multiple pairs during a volatile market. Staking rewards and yield farming might not be viable if the underlying assets you are holding have experienced price drops equally. This is a very common issue with being an LP provider.

Regulatory Risks — Cryptocurrency regulation is still shrouded in uncertainty. The Securities and Exchange Commission has declared that some digital assets are securities, putting them within its jurisdiction and allowing it to regulate them.

Rug pulls, market volatility, and smart contract hacks are some additional risks associated with staking and providing liquidity to multiple different projects.

HODL has been a long-time motto of the crypto space, which every investor should consider since it generally works as a viable strategy. However, holding BTC for a year without staking it will produce no return, which is a shame when some protocols & platforms offer 15–20% APY while you HODL — Alpha

The MAXX Solution MAXX Finance has taken the best of both worlds with a hybrid yield-aggregator staking system that is designed to remove risk from you, the end user. This allows users to have an all-in-one staking ecosystem to interact with and earn guaranteed yields without the risks associated with yield farming, or staking.

Creating A Storage Of Value Ecosystem By building on a L2 (Layer 2 blockchain) MAXX is not required to verify transactions since the L2 does this for a fee. We have created a staking system that is intelligently implemented and allows users to earn rewards by staking MAXX.

Essentially we operate like Bitcoin’s storage of wealth ecosystem and allow for users to facilitate transactions to and from wallets while giving rewards in the form of $MAXX to the staking class. — Alpha

Removing the middle man MAXX encourages users to remove their coins from CeFi (Centralized Finance) CEX (Centralized Exchanges) and enter the DeFi (Decentralized Finance Space) instead to reap its unique benefits. DeFi is the best place to be in the crypto sphere, as you own your own wallet keys and coins which solely belong to you, not an intermediary party, which helps to remove any counterparty risk.

With MAXX the coins never leave your wallet, you are always in control of the private keys and can buy, sell, or cancel the stake at any time. This allows you to hodl while the protocol is pre-programmed to pay out a yield that is gathered from the global blockchain of MAXX.

You sleep better at night knowing that the valuable assets you have are not in someone elses wallets — Alpha

Discouraging trading activities Every trader will tell you, that there are wins and losses when trading crypto or any other asset class. By staking your crypto you are effectively reducing potential loss to your holdings since a smart contract locks up your coin, similar to putting your money in a piggy bank. You can end your crypto stake at any time, however, the system is created to encourage you to fulfill your obligation and wait for the full term of your stake to reap the maximum benefits. Ending your stake early is always an option but you will incur a penalty by doing so.

95% of traders are not profitable, while the remaining 5% require at least 3 years of trading to become profitable. Are you part of the 5%? — Alpha

Providing Risk-Averse Environment By removing the need to stake two or more paired crypto assets, MAXX removes the need to chase the best yield proposition from other platforms. By using the MAXX token within the stake constantly rebalancing the portfolio is no longer necessary.

MAXX gives you the ability to earn a GUARANTEED amount of yield unlike other L2 staking systems that offer 5–13% APY, nearly half of what MAXX can guarantee.

How MAXX is gamifying the system.

Yield Aggregation Safe and steady deflationary measures allow us to operate in a safe and predictable manner. We dedicate a percentage of liquidity that is specifically allocated to owning validator nodes across top L2 platforms such as ETH, BSC, FTM, MATIC, & more.

LP Providing popular protocols The second layer is to create LP pairs of popular protocols to constantly provide liquidity & yield farm the crypto ecosystem. Without having to worry about the downside effects or focus on a very short time frame we are able to constantly capture tangible yield to distribute between the MAXX Vault.

Careful Risk On & Risk Off Strategies We will have an overall macro outlook on the market determining the market condition and focusing on long-only holdings that are never leveraged. These assets will be held in a multi-signature wallet that will allow us to have maximum protection. The strategies will come from AI technology that will give us clear information about the cycle of the market with the ability to take risk on & risk-off strategies to capture the maximum amount of gain during a bull or a bear market.

MAXX TX TAX MAXX uses a dynamic tax implementation system that contributes to the deflation of the entire protocol & chain to generate revenue for the protocol. It will cost a small fee to process transactions on MAXX, but in the long term, this will benefit the overall protocol and allow all users to benefit from the deflation.

MAXXVault MAXX will constantly be building further on the platform through our community-voted Vault system. The vault is designed to burn tokens, pay for marketing, as well as fund further development of the protocol.

The MAXX Staking system is designed to remove supply from circulation and reward users by doing so. With MAXX you can safely hodl while you own your own wallet keys, which will create lots of positive price action and price appreciation in the future. We have multiple data sets and points that prove that this system will be sustainable well into the future providing a long-term staking solution for yeras to come.

The MAXX team is grateful for the support of our community as we continue to develop this much-needed solution. Join our telegram and follow our socials in order to stay up to date with our project.

💎 Join the best crypto community! https://t.me/MaxxFinance 🐦 Twitter: https://twitter.com/MaxxFinance 👾 Discord: https://discord.gg/XeQg8jt4WS 🔌 Linktree: https://linktr.ee/maxxfinance 📚 Gitbook: https://docs.maxx.finance/

Website www.MAXX.finance Join Our Team https://t.me/maxxcommunity

#maxxfinance #crypto #defi #maxxecosystem #cryptocurrency #A New Hybrid Yield Aggregator

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bitcofun · 2 years ago

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[NEWS RELEASE-- New York, New York, 20 th July 2022] NEW YORK, July 20, 2022-- Bybit is delighted to reveal the combination of 35+ Chainlink Price Feeds into its area trading platform on Polygon mainnet. By incorporating the industry-leading decentralized oracle network, Bybit now has access to top quality, decentralized rate information feeds for high-volume area trading sets. Chainlink Price Feeds include a vital level of reliability and decentralization when computing area indices, eventually offering Bybit users even greater guarantees of precise rates when making area trades. With over 6 million signed up users, Bybit is among the fast-growing crypto exchanges that includes a digital possession exchange with area, perps, futures and alternatives offerings, an NFT market, and making items that enable DeFi yield gain access to. With numerous trading sets covering area indices and derivatives, Bybit takes a user-centric method to platform advancement and intends to end up being a one-stop crypto center for users. Price volatility throughout a wide variety of trading sets is an offered for any exchange platform, decentralized or not-- and Bybit experiences cost volatility every day. This makes it crucial to continually enhance on the total cost stability and currency exchange rate for digital possessions, that made an engaging case for the combination of Chainlink Price Feeds, the market requirement for decentralized rate information throughout the DeFi environment. The volume-weighted, aggregated cost information assists enhance Bybit's backend prices system, area rate outliers, and safeguard users when it comes to severe market volatility. Eventually, this provides an additional level of self-confidence and trust to Bybit area traders, who must constantly have the ability to carry out sell real-time market conditions. Bybit selected Chainlink Price Feeds due to the fact that they supply a robust source of reality on digital property rates, with value-adds such as: High-Quality Data-- Chainlink Price Feeds source information from various premium information aggregators, causing rate information that's aggregated from numerous exchanges, weighted by liquidity depth, and cleaned up from outliers and suspicious volumes. Secure Node Operators-- Chainlink Price Feeds are protected by independent, security-reviewed, and Sybil-resistant oracle nodes run by leading blockchain DevOps groups, information service providers, and conventional business with a strong performance history for dependability, even throughout high gas costs and severe network blockage. Decentralized Network-- Chainlink Price Feeds are decentralized at the information source, oracle node, and oracle network levels, producing strong securities versus downtime and tampering by either the information service provider or the oracle network. Transparency-- Robust, openly readily available credibility structures and on-chain tracking tools enable users to separately confirm the historic efficiency of node operators and oracle networks, along with examine the real-time costs being provided. " We're constantly seeking to enhance Bybit's rate precision and openness in area trading. These functions underpin a much better platform user experience that motivates user self-confidence in the underlying exchange. With this combination of Chainlink Price Feeds, our users have more powerful guarantees that they are trading utilizing real-time, fair-market cost information which the platform itself has an extra layer of defense throughout severe market occasions," stated Ben Zhou, co-founder and CEO of Bybit. About Chainlink Chainlink is the market requirement for structure, accessing, and offering oracle services required to power hybrid wise agreements on any blockchain. Chainlink oracle networks offer wise agreements with a method to dependably link to any external API and utilize protected off-chain calculations for making it possible for feature-rich applications. Chainlink

presently protects 10s of billions of dollars throughout DeFi, insurance coverage, video gaming, and other significant markets, and uses international business and leading information companies a universal entrance to all blockchains. Learn more about Chainlink by going to chain.link or checking out the designer documents at docs.chain.link. To talk about a combination, connect to a specialist. About Bybit Bybit is a cryptocurrency exchange developed in March 2018 that provides an expert platform where crypto traders can discover an ultra-fast matching engine, exceptional customer care and multilingual neighborhood assistance. Bybit is a happy partner of Formula One racing group, Oracle Red Bull Racing, esports groups NAVI, Astralis, Alliance, Virtus.pro, Made in Brazil (MIBR) and Oracle Red Bull Racing Esports, and association football (soccer) groups Borussia Dortmund and Avispa Fukuoka. SPECIAL OFFER (Sponsored) Binance Free $100(Exclusive): Use this link to sign up and get $100 complimentary and 10% off charges on Binance Futures very first month( terms). PrimeXBT Special Offer: Use this link to sign up & & go into POTATO50 code to get approximately $7,000 on your deposits. Read More

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gre6a41 · 2 years ago

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Supported by ecological components, distributed technology improves the underlying logic of Balancer

Blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is a cryptographically guaranteed untamperable and unforgeable distributed ledger. The blockchain technology uses the block chain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses automated script code composed of A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts to program and manipulate data. The Balancer wallet, a classic product derived from blockchain technology, can be described as an excellent work using blockchain technology.

Balancer forms a complete quantitative product system

The intelligent quantitative investment robot of Balancer Wallet is fully integrated with big data, AI technology and oracle machine, realizes 24-hour monitoring, is not disturbed by emotions, and sells immediately when the conditions are met. With the support of core strategy formulas and big data calculation and replenishment points Help users eliminate the risk of downside losses and obtain high yields. At the same time, AI robots can profit from quantitative investment strategies on the basis of accurately obtaining the value of various data assets. Balancer also allows users to easily participate in digital currency financial derivatives investment, helping users who trade and invest in Balancer wallets to obtain excess returns that can avoid risks. In addition, Balancer provides users with intelligent financial management services. Users can use the digital assets stored in the Balancer wallet to purchase the blockchain wealth management products launched in the Balancer wallet. According to the risk level of the investment, the wealth management products have an estimated rate of return.

Balancer achieves community autonomy

The organizational mechanism of the distributed model is embodied in the operating structure of community autonomy, platform organization and ecosystem. Balancer DAO is a blockchain-based global community user to build an autonomous encrypted asset trading ecological community platform. It uses blockchain technology and smart contracts to solve the problems of community construction and application landing. Help community creators to better create communities through a series of product functions; better manage communities through advanced community management systems, improve community stickiness, and enhance community activity; through blockchain underlying technology and smart contracts, protect the rights and interests of community users , enhance community trust, and realize application landing; through Balancer's unique token incentive model to aggregate and cultivate more community creators and community nodes to build an ecological community, and finally realize business returns through asset realization and ecological consumption. Balancer DAO fully embodies the principle of benefit sharing, sharing, and others sharing in the distributed model.

Balancer applies the underlying technology of blockchain

Balancer blockchain is based on the world's leading multi-public chain hybrid architecture technology, equipped with smart contracts, quantitative AI and other technical tools to greatly improve operational efficiency, so as to easily meet the high-frequency scene applications in the financial field. At the same time, in order to comprehensively protect users' digital assets, Balancer uses bank-level security technology, with verification codes, fingerprints, facial recognition and other verification methods, combined with threshold signature, MPC (multi-party secure computing), SGX (software protection extension), etc. Cutting-edge wallet security technology escorts user asset transactions.

The strong technical strength of Balancer wallet provides a solid guarantee for its development. With the increase in the number of Balancer wallet users,Balancer wallet will definitely have a very broad market prospect!

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coinwealth · 3 years ago

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Top Crypto Concern of Institutional Investors, Ray Dalio on Bitcoin Allocation + More News

Ray Dalio. Source: A video screenshot, Youtube/ Principles by Ray Dalio

Get your daily, bite-sized digest of cryptoasset and blockchain-related news – investigating the stories flying under the radar of today’s crypto news.

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Investments news

The security concern is what holds institutional investors back from investing in crypto and digital assets, found a survey, as Bloomberg reported. 79% of the respondents see asset custody as the key consideration whether to invest in this space. The report was commissioned by Nickel Digital Asset Management, and involved interviews with 50 wealth managers and 50 institutional investors – who collectively manage around USD 108.4bn – across the US, the UK, Germany, France, and the United Arab Emirates.

Legendary hedge fund manager Ray Dalio stated in an interview with The Investors Podcast that he agrees with fellow billionaire Bill Miller’s suggestion that 1%–2% is the right allocation for bitcoin (BTC). Miller had suggested that “1% to 2% of your portfolio [should go to bitcoin], then if it goes to hell, you’ll be okay. If it does really well, as I believe it will over the next 10 years, then you’ll be glad you owned it.”

Cash transfer company MoneyGram International (MGI) made a strategic minority investment in crypto cash exchange company Coinme, giving it a 4% ownership stake. The deal will close Coinme’s Series A funding round, and help support international expansion along with other growth plans.

Bank of America (BofA) analyst Jason Kupferberg downgraded The Western Union to Underperform from Buy due to structural concerns related to competition from pure-play digital remittance providers and possible disruptive threats from newer technologies, Benzinga reported.

CryptoSlam, an NFT industry data aggregator, closed an USD 9m funding round led by venture capital firm Animoca Brands. The new funding will be used for an “aggressive” hiring plan, platform expansion to support new and existing blockchains, and the launch of several new products, they said.

Digital asset bank and trading platform Sygnum raised USD 90m in a funding round that valued it at USD 800m. The company plans to use the proceeds to develop new offerings, including yield-generating products and asset management solutions for institutional clients.

Infrastructure middleware protocol Pocket Network has closed a strategic round of USD 10m led by Republic Capital, RockTree Capital, Arrington Capital, and C² Ventures.

CryptoWire, a special business unit (SBU) of crypto stats provider TickerPlant, launched the first Indian cryptocurrency index called IC15 that will monitor the world’s top 15 cryptocurrencies listed on global exchanges, per India Today.

Tribal, a B2B payment and financing platform for emerging markets, said it raised a new debt round of USD 40m. “This is one of the first hybrid debt rounds combining both fiat and stablecoins,” said Amr Shady, CEO of Tribal. The round is financed by Partners for Growth and Stellar Development Foundation to help Tribal expand its financing and payment services for small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) to new countries in Latin America, the company added.

Taxes news

An official from the Thai Finance Ministry stated that profits from crypto trading are now subject to a 15% capital gains tax, Bangkok Post reported. The ministry recommends investors identify their income from cryptocurrencies when filing tax this year to avoid legal penalties.

Adoption news

The Central Bank of Bahrain announced the completion of a test with Onyx by banking giant’s JPMorgan’s JPM Coin System, which allowed aluminum smelter Aluminium Bahrain (ALBA) to initiate real-time payments to their US-based counterparties.

The top request users made of Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky was to enable cryptocurrency payments on the platform. While he did not explicitly state that the platform would be integrating crypto, he did say that they are “already working on some” of the products that were requested and “will look into others now.”

NFTs news

The Australian Open is releasing a collection of 6,776 non-fungible tokens (NFTs) that correspond to minuscule plots on the tennis tournament court’s surface, along with a virtual event for the competition on the metaverse platform Decentraland. Every winning shot from the tournament’s 600 matches will correspond to one of the collection’s NFTs.

DeFi news

Web browser Opera announced a partnership with the decentralized internet company dWeb Foundation over the integration of the decentralized blockchain domain name system, Handshake (HNS). The integration should go live in the first half of 2022.

Gaming news

Esports organization Team Vitality and blockchain project Tezos (XTZ) announced a partnership where Team Vitality rosters will represent the Tezos brand in esports and gaming. On the other hand, Tezos will educate fans on the benefits of blockchain as part of the gaming experience and showcase the advancements of these technologies.

Mining news

Hut 8 Mining stated they mined BTC 276 in December 2021, and that their total BTC balance held in reserve is 5,518 as of December 31, 2021, a 97% increase from the prior year-end. Additionally, they have increased their total hash rate by 125% compared to December 2020.

Core Scientific announced it mined BTC 1,044 in December, BTC 2,498 in the fourth quarter, and BTC 5,769 in the full year, representing year-over-year increases of 313%, 235%, and 350%, respectively. At year-end 2021, it operated a fleet of approximately 67,000 miners for its own account, which represented 6.6 Exahash (EH/s), and 100,000 more ASICs are contracted for delivery in 2022.

Scams news

Arbix Finance, an audited yield farming platform, has been flagged as a “rugpull” by crypto security company CertiK as it reportedly deleted its site, Twitter, and Telegram channel and transferred USD 10m worth of deposited crypto.

//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js

source https://usapangbitcoin.org/top-crypto-concern-of-institutional-investors-ray-dalio-on-bitcoin-allocation-more-news/

source https://usapangbitcoin.wordpress.com/2022/01/07/top-crypto-concern-of-institutional-investors-ray-dalio-on-bitcoin-allocation-more-news/

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damco-solutions · 3 years ago

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How RPG development revs the business web security and services

Initially, businesses web services were functioning on top of program-to-program connections. Let’s say, in old API upgrading, users prefer web services to link the server-side operating system of establishments with domains. With this practice, the experts can achieve light order execution and workforce supervision.

After modernisation of IBM AS400, businesses can streamline dealings among businesses and customers, through an internet browser-centric approach. Moreover, RPG development services also assist companies in automating business processing steadily. However, the RPG programming efforts are extensive and contrasts as per necessities.

Let’s look at the key benefits associated with RPG implementation:

Secure Web Infrastructure

The conventional security teams deployment for managing on-premises processes makes the web security practice more time-consuming and tedious. Technology businesses with IBM AS400 modern experimentation can simplify platform with determined and required resources and makes fast adaptation of web services to users. This aggregation of IBM AS400 and web services can help your industry to withdraw out-dated business approaches and offer easier modernisation, integrations, and application reusability.

In today’s IT domains, APIs are being deployed for enhancing digital abilities inside web services. This practice elongates the fast-paced processing and exceeds business’s resources. However, companies can hire RPG developer for savvy IBM AS400 implementation and programming. The overall concept is that flexibility in service oriented businesses can be harnessed by RPG arrangement by protecting all web channels.

Augmented Server Management

Businesses have trusted more on integrated data systems than other traditional connections, as it leads to enriched security application. With RPG programming, you can streamline IT infrastructure with seamless power, modify accessibility features, secure browser access, and support many mission-vital applications.

Still potential businesses have misconception the abilities of IBM AS400 and differences among REST and SOAP services. However, many businesses are transforming their web infrastructure through RPG development by proper consultant analysis to understand the suitability of IBMi systems. The AS400 implementation is much better than hosting your application inside new substructure. Overall, the RPG accommodation through robust expertise makes your business best-in-class nd ensures multiple operation security, and instant customer support obtainability.

Customised Setup

Similar to company classification, the requirements are evolving in this digital era. The businesses can switch over to AS400 implementation in a customised mode to satisfy business requirements. Mostly the hybrid/flexible AS400 setup helps RPG developers to yield efficient strategies for managing your business applications. This generates key benefits like business transparency and streamlines operations with reduced modern vulnerabilities. By aligning your new IBM AS400 with internal processes, your native teams and experts can optimize the service applications more commendably. Comparing to a cloud system, the RPG implementation will help you organise authentication, business intricacies, support and leverage ROI through better awareness on emerging technologies like IoT and Artificial Intelligence.

Final Words

Every company have various strategies to safeguard applications and web security, but only a few of them support for better management. Associate with the right RPG development services that supports concurrently and satisfy your global needs. The experienced RPG programmers can deliver best-in-class secure and consistent IBMi solutions to remain leading in the digital world.

#RPG development services #RPG developers

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support1212 · 6 months ago

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Prediction site,

In a world increasingly driven by data and technology, the ability to predict future trends, outcomes, and events has become more accessible and sophisticated. Prediction sites are at the forefront of this revolution, leveraging vast amounts of data, advanced algorithms, and collective intelligence to provide insights that were once the realm of expert analysts and crystal ball gazers. These platforms are transforming industries, influencing decision-making, and democratizing access to foresight.

The Rise of Prediction Sites Prediction sites utilize a variety of methods to forecast outcomes in diverse fields such as finance, sports, politics, and entertainment. These platforms can be broadly categorized into three main types: algorithmic prediction sites, crowd-sourced prediction markets, and hybrid models that combine elements of both.

Algorithmic Prediction Sites: These rely on sophisticated algorithms and machine learning models to analyze historical data and identify patterns. For instance, financial prediction sites use past market data, economic indicators, and news sentiment to forecast stock prices and market trends. Sports prediction sites analyze player performance, team statistics, and other variables to predict game outcomes.

Crowd-Sourced Prediction Markets: These platforms harness the wisdom of the crowd, allowing users to place bets or make predictions on various events. The idea is that collective intelligence, aggregated from a diverse group of individuals, can often yield accurate forecasts. Examples include sites like PredictIt for political outcomes and Betfair for sports and entertainment events.

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annieboltonworld · 4 years ago

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Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources

Effect of Environmental Salt Stress on Plants and the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Stress Tolerance

Authored by Wenbo Li

Abstract

Abiotic environmental stresses can negatively impact plant growth and productivity. Soil salinity is one of the major environment limitations on plant yield and distribution. In this article, we review the damage that environmental salt stress has on plants and how plant tolerates salt stress on the molecular level. We discussed multiple signalling and listed some pathways with certain members identified elements and some of the several common salt tolerance determinants. We examined the effect of salinity stress on plant development by reviewing the intracellular metabolic processes with excessive Na+ and Cl-. Salt stress affects every aspect of plant development, inhibits the growth of the plant, reduces the fresh weight and dry weight of root, stem, and leaf, decreases the expansion of leaf and changes the morphology of the leaf.

It also suppresses photosynthesis and affects the ion homeostasis in plants, causing an imbalance of metabolism and oxidative stress. We also reviewed the molecular mechanism of plant salt stress tolerance in the form of the regulation of multiple physical and biochemical response, including the salt overly sensitive pathway, MAPK signal pathway, as well as other protein kinase and abscisic acid mediation. All in all, today's research elevates our understanding of plant salt-resistance mechanisms to an unprecedented level. And yet, further studies on more elements of the signalling pathways are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of plant stress tolerance.

Keywords: Plant Stress Tolerance; Abiotic Environment; Salinity; Salt Stress; Salt Overly Sensitive Pathway; Signal Transduction.

Abbreviations: SOS: Salt Overly Sensitive; ABA: Abscisic Acid; MAPK: Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase; MAPKK: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase; MAPKKK: Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase; CDPK: Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase; RPK: Receptor-Like Protein Kinase.

Introduction

The abiotic environment is critical to the proper growth of plants, and abiotic stresses can negatively impact a plant's ability to thrive in a given environment. Salinity is one of the major environment limitations on plant yield and distribution. Saline soils cover about 3.1 percent of the land surface on earth, and this number goes up to 19.5 percent in irrigated land. Salinity in the soil does much damage to the plants and limits the growth and productivity. However, after thousands of millions of years of evolution, plants do not just retreat from these unfavourable environments. They adapted to the environment changes and developed their mechanism to cope with various types of stress.

Effect of Salinity on Plants

The toxic effect of salt stress includes several aspects. Uptake of excessive Na+ and Cl- interferences many Intracellular metabolic processes. High salt concentration in the soil causes osmotic stress, which limits water uptake from soil [1]. High concentration of Na+ nitration inhibits the absorption of nutrient elements. Meanwhile, ion toxicity and osmotic stress will also cause an imbalance of metabolism and oxidative stress [2]. As a whole plant, the toxic effect of salt stress includes the death of the plant or decrease of production capacity. Almost all plants show growth inhibition with salt stress. However, growth repression level and critical death concentration vary a lot among different plants. Salt stress affects almost all aspects of biological processes, including the growth of the plant, photosynthesis, protein synthesis and the metabolism of protein and phospholipid.

Effect of Salt Stress on Plant Development

Salt stress affects every aspect of plant development from germination to vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Sodium is an essential microelement for plant growth. Low concentration of salt stimulates the growth of the plant, increase the biomass of plants. However, the high concentration of plants inhibited the growth of the plant; reduce the fresh weight and dry weight of root, stem, and leaf [3, 4]. Under low salt stress (50 mM NaCl), the fresh weight of Alhagi pseudoalhagi increased. However, the fresh weight decreased with a high concentration (100 and 200 mM NaCl). Excessive concentration of NaCl led to decrease in the biomass of cotton root, shot and leaf [5]. Most plants are sensitive to salinity in the soil. Salt stress can repress the growth of plant tissues and organs, shorten the flowering phase, accelerate the aging, death, and fall off of mature leaves [6].

Under high concentration salt stress, the most immediate response was the decrease of the expansion rate of the leaf surface [7]. Salt stress of 100 mM NaCl can shorten the growing region of sorghum leaf and decrease the speed of the cell growth in this region [8]. Salt stress [6] can also shorten the development of wheat main stem by 18 days. Moreover, the generation of the reproductive structure was brought forward. The flowering period was much earlier than untreated wheat, which indicates that salt stress can accelerate the development of the plant. Meanwhile, the number of phyllopodium and leaves decreased [9]. Salt stress can also decrease the deposit of dry materials and slow down the mature of the cell wall [10]. Similarly, salt stress can change the morphology of the leaf. Salt stress increased the thickness of leaf epidermal cells, mesophyll cell and palisade cell [11]. On the contrary, the thickness and intercellular space of leaf epidermal cells decreased due to salt stress caused by NaCl [12]. Potato leaf cells rounded and the cellular space and the number of chloroplasts decreased after salt stress [13]. Salt stress can also lead to the decrease in the surface area of the leaf and the opening of stomata [14].

Salt Stress affects Plant Photosynthesis

Salt stress affects plant photosynthesis in the short or long term. The short-term effect happens within a few hours to one or two days when exposed to salt stress. This reaction is crucial. Carbon assimilation stopped entirely during this period. However, the long-term effect happens after a few days when the plant was exposed to salt stress [6]. Due to the accumulation of salt in the leaf, the assimilation of carbon decreased obviously [15]. Many research shows that the photosynthesis was suppressed by salt stress [14,16,17]. However, some research shows that the rate of photosynthesis did not decrease under salt stress. The rate was even a little [14] higher than untreated condition [18]. The assimilation rate of carbon dioxide was slightly higher when Alhagi pseudoalhagi was treated with low salt. The assimilation rate was not affected when treated with 100 mM NaCl. However, the assimilation rate of carbon dioxide dropped to 60% of the untreated plant when the salt treatment increased to 200 mM. Similarly, stomatal conductance was consistent with the assimilation rate of carbon dioxide. Moreover, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the intercellular space of plants was lower than the control group [18]. The carbon dioxide assimilation rate of Bidens parviflora increased under low concentration salt stress but decreased under high concentration salt stress [12].

Thylakoid structure of chloroplasts was disrupted when the plant was treated with salt treatment. The number and size of pellets of the plastid increased, and the starch content decreased [19,20]. Expansion of chloroplasts thylakoid membrane was observed in salt-treated potato [21]. The chloroplasts were found to be aggregated together in the leaves of salt treated tomato. Moreover, no grana and thylakoid structure were observed in chloroplasts [22]. The ultra-microstructure of salt treated Eucalyptus microcorys chloroplasts also changed. This will induce the production of numerous starch granules [23].

Salt Stress affects the Ion Homeostasis in Plant

Uptake of too much NaCl impaired the absorption of other nutrient ions, which will lead to the deficiency of K+. The increase of NaCl in the soil led to the increase of cellular Na+ and Cl- and the decrease of Ca2+, K+, and Mg+ [24,25]. Salt stress can increase the contents of Na+, Ca2+, and Cl- in broad bean and decrease the K+/ Na+ value [26]. The increase of Na+ and Cl- in U. fasciata induced the accumulation of proline. It decreased the content of proline dehydrogenase (PDH) and soluble Ca2+ [27].

The Molecular Mechanism of Plant Salt Stress Tolerance

Plant salt stress tolerance involves the regulation of multiple physical and biochemical response. Many protein and metabolites are involved. This is a process with complicated gene network interaction. Moreover, different plants have different responses and adaptive mechanisms.

Salt Overly Sensitive Pathway

High level of salt stress can lead to Na+ toxicity, and cause osmotic and oxidative stress, which will repress the growth and development of plants. Under salt stress, plant cells can efflux toxic Na+ or isolate Na+ in the vacuole to build new ion homeostasis. There Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) gene (SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3) were isolated by using genetic methods. These three genes formed the critical SOS signal transduction pathway [28]. SOS1 is a Na+/ H+ Channel protein with 10-12 trans membrane domains [29].5052 compound can phosphorylate SOS1 and pump Na+ out of the cell [34]. Any mutation in this SOS pathway will increase plant sensitivity to salt. Overexpression of SOS1 or activation of SOS2 will improve plant salt tolerance [35,36]. Salt stress may also accumulate ABA in the cell. ABA signal can regulate SOS pathway through SOS2. Yeast two-hybrid found that SOS2 can bind to ABA Insensitive2 (ABI2) but not to ABI2 mutant abi2, Seedlings of abi2 are more sensitive to salt stress [37].

Salt stress can also induce oxidative stress. Research has shown that SOS1 can interact with the protein RCD1 (radical-induced cell death 1). RCD1 is a transcriptional regulator of Arabidopsis under oxidative stress. RCD1 is located in nucleus without any stress. However, with salt or oxidative stress, RCD1 is found in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Both sos1 and rcd1 mutants are sensitive to oxidative and salt stress [38]. Too much cytosol Na+ caused by salt stress will inhibit the absorption of potassium. All salt overly sensitive mutants lacked K+. By screening for the suppressors of sos3 [39], identified AtHKT1, which is a Na+ transporter. It can transport Na+ into the cell. The mutant of AtHKT1 can not only compensate the salt-sensitive phenotype of salt overly sensitive mutants. To reduce the cytoplasm sodium, transporting the sodium into the vacuole is a very effective strategy. AtNHX1 is a Na+/H+ antiporter, which can transport Na+ into vacuole. The expression of AtNHX1 can be induced by salt stress [40]. AtNHX2 and AtNHX5, which are homologs of AtNHX1, have the similar function in isolating the sodium in the plant vacuole [40-42].

MAPK Signal Pathway

The typical mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway contains three members, which are MAPKKK, MAPKK and MAPK. Plant MAPK involves in development guidance, cell division, plant hormones, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance [43]. Salt stress can active MAPK protein SIMK (salt stress-induced MAPK).SIMKK can activate SIPK. Moreover, the activation can be enhanced by salt stress [44]. Salt stress can induce the expression and kinase activity of many MAPKs. AtMPK6 and AtMPK4 were activated under salt stress [45]. Phosphorylated upstream kinase AtMKK2 activated these two MAPKs. The mutant of mkk2 was sensitive to salt stress [46]. Studies showed that MPK6 could bind to and phosphorylate SOS1. Studies have shown that phosphatidic acid binds to MPK6 after salt treatment [47]. MPK6 immuno precipitated by Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress and increase in phosphatidic acid can increase the phosphorylation of SOS1 [48].

Other Protein Kinase

Protein kinases are essential signal transduction molecules in vivo. In addition to mitogen-activated protein kinases which play a significant role in salt stress signal transduction, many other protein kinases also played critical roles in the signal transduction network under salt stress.

Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) is a type of signal transduction factor that uses calcium concentration as an upstream signal. CDPK can sense calcium levels by binding to calcium ions and phosphorylate downstream proteins to convert calcium signals to phosphorylated signals. In Arabidopsis, AtCDPK1 and AtCDPK2 can be induced by both high salinity stress and drought stress [49]. One of the cloned proteins induced by salt stress, McCDPK, which is located in the nucleus, may be related to transcriptional regulation [50].

There is also a class of proteins located on the cell membrane, which can sense the outside signal and participate in intracellular signalling. These proteins are called receptor-like protein kinase (RPK). RPK1 is a receptor protein kinase located in the cell membrane of Arabidopsis that can be induced by high salinity or drought, and there is evidence that it is involved in plant salt [51]. AtGSK1 is also a protein kinase induced by salt stress. It is a glycogen synthase kinase (GSK). Over expression of At GSK1 can enhance the tolerance of Arabidopsis to salt stress [52]. Studies have shown that some salt-induced gene expression can be induced by AtGSK1 [53]. GRIK1, upstream kinase of SnRKs can phosphorylate SOS2 in vitro. Moreover, grik1 mutants are sensitive to high salt [54].

Abscisic Acid (ABA) Mediated Salt Stress Signal

ABA is a critical plant hormone that plays an important role in many aspects of plant growth and development. It is the best studied in plant drought stress tolerance. ABA also plays an important role in salt stress tolerance. Salt stress can induce the accumulation of ABA in some tissue. Taking corn as an example, the ABA concentration in root with salt stress can be ten times higher than that in leaves [55]. The shrinking of the cells due to osmotic stress also leads to the synthesis and accumulation of ABA, thereby regulating the osmotic stress that caused by oversalinity. ABA controls the cell's water balance by regulating the stomatal switch, and it also regulates the expression of genes that control osmotic synthesis [56,57]. ABA controls the closure of stomatal pore and the expression of downstream genes by modulating Ca2+ concentration [58,59].

Under salt stress, ABA can regulate osmotic stress corresponding gene and ion transporter. ABA activates stress response genes RD29A and KIN2 [60]. ABA can also induce AtPLC1 expression. A study of transgenic plants expressing the antisense strand of AtPLC1 found that At PLC1 expression was required for ABA to induce RD22, RD29A, and KIN2 [61]. Genetic screening of the RD29A::LUC reporter gene accelerated the screening of Arabidopsis abiotic stress mutants and ABA signaling pathway mutants [62]. Two of the mutants los5 and los6 attenuated the expression of stress response genes under salt stress, such as RD29A, COR15A, COR47, RD22, and P5CS. However, the expression of RD29A::LUC induced by salt stress in mutants could be restored to a reasonable level by the exogenous addition of ABA. They were found to be alleles of ABA3 and ABA1 respectively after cloning the two genes LOS5 and LOS6 [63,64]. ABA-deficient mutants los5 and los6 were both more tolerant to salt stress during germination. However, los5 was hypersensitive to salt stress during vegetative growth [63,65]. These results indicate that the expression of salt stress-responsive genes is mediated by ABA. Salt stress and ABA up-regulate the vacuolar Na+/ H+ transporter At NHX1, while the expression of AtNHX1 in ABA-deficient mutants aba2- 1 and aba3-1 decreased but not in salt overly sensitive mutants. Mutant abi1-1 reduced ABA content and salt-induced AtNHX1 expression, whereas abi2-1 did not. AtNHX1 also contains ABRE elements, indicating that up regulation of AtNHX1 transcriptional level under salt stress is partly dependent on ABA synthesis and ABA signalling, a process that cannot be separated from ABI1 [66]. The QTL for salt tolerance in the germination period is very different from that of salt tolerance in the seedling stage, which also indicates that the mechanism of salt tolerance during the seedling stage is different from during germination stage [67,68]. The inhibition of salt stress on seed germination is mainly due to the inhibition of ABA by the stress [28].

Studies on Other Salt Stress-Related Mutants

In addition to studies on the above kinases and their pathways, many other mutants related to salt stress have also been found, yet their specific roles in salt stress tolerance remain unclear. sos4 and sos5 are two mutants obtained by screening salt hypersensitive mutants, which both exhibit significantly shorter root length than wild-type plants under salt stress. SOS4 encodes a pyridoxal kinase, which participates in the process of pyridoxal 5-phosphate formation. Pyridoxal 5-phosphate is an essential molecular chaperone of many enzymes. SOS4 is possibly involved in plant salt tolerance through producing pyridoxal 5- phosphate [66]. SOS5 encodes a cell surface adhesion protein. Its mutant sos5 is sensitive to salt due to failure to expand normally in the absence SOS5 [69]. Ren et al. used the salt stress sensitivity difference between Landsberg erecta (Ler), a salt and ABA sensitive ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana, and Shakdara (Sha), an ecotype that is not sensitive to salt and ABA, to study salt sensitivity. They cloned a salt stress and ABA-induced gene RAS1 using quantitative trait locus technology (QTL). Overexpression of this protein enhanced plant sensitivity to ABA and salt stress [70]. Salt stress leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. The plant has to response to neutralize the excessive ROS and many enzymes are involved in this process [71,72]. RSA3 is bi-functional protein, which can bind to and stabilize cytoskeleton to minimize the oxidative damage during salt stress in [73].

Conclusion

Salt is essential to any form of life on earth, be it animals, plants or bacteria. Modern biology suggests that it regulates blood flow and pressure in animals, mediates osmosis in plants and that it serves as critical messengers in cellular signal transduction. However, such vital elements are now known to become detrimental stresses to life if exceeding proper amounts. In fact, salt stress is one of the primary abiotic stresses that affect plant growth and decrease in crop yield. In this review, we discussed the damage that environmental salt stress can do to plants and how plant tolerates salt stress on the molecular level. Today's research elevates our understanding of plant salt-resistance mechanisms to an unprecedented level. We discussed multiple signaling pathways with certain identified elements and several common salt tolerance determinants. They make up part of the salt stress signaling network. However, there are other proteins, signal molecules and other mechanisms involved but not mentioned in this review, such as non-coding RNAs and epigenetics regulation. And yet, further studies on more elements of the signaling pathways are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of plant stress tolerance.

For more articles in Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ijesnr/index.php

#Juniper Publishers PubMed Indexed Journals #Juniper Publishers Review #Geodesy #Geo Morphology #Microbial Ecology #Oceanography #Oceanology

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cryptoexecutionplatform · 4 years ago

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New Mode! Finxflo Launches The First Ever Hybrid (DeFi + CeFi) Liquidity

Finxflo is the first-ever global DeFi-CeFi hybrid liquidity aggregator. The platform allows users to trade, lend, borrow, stake, farm, and yield farm their coins from a single one-stop solution, combining liquidity of more than 50 individual centralized and decentralized ecosystems. Moreover, Finxflo is always identifying the best rates and prices, enabling its users to utilize them for their benefit.

https://www.finxflo.com/news/new-mode-finxflo-launches-the-first-ever-hybrid-defi-cefi-liquidity

#Finxflo #DeFi #CeFi #liquidity aggregator

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bestcoinlist · 4 years ago

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New Mode! Finxflo Launches The First Ever Hybrid (DeFi + CeFi) Liquidity...

New Post has been published on https://www.bestcoinlist.com/crypto-trading-idea/new-mode-finxflo-launches-the-first-ever-hybrid-defi-cefi-liquidity/

New Mode! Finxflo Launches The First Ever Hybrid (DeFi + CeFi) Liquidity...

Since the beginning of 2020, the majority of cryptocurrency investors became highly aware of the DeFi potential. DeFi (Decentralized Finance) is, basically, a structured and interoperable financial sector based on decentralized platforms such as Ethereum. Currently, there is almost $7 billion of value locked in various DeFi projects and a total market capitalization of over $15 billion. Thus making DeFi a catalyst for growth in the cryptocurrency market, with just 1% of crypto investors involved. The market can only grow from here.

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georgecmatthews · 4 years ago

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US REIT Preferred: A potential bright spot in challenging times

Real estate investment trusts (REITS) have recovered from the coronavirus with the broader market, but real estate investors now face the prospect of persistently low rates, high volatility and slow economic growth.

One potential bright spot in this challenging environment is US REIT preferred securities. This lesser known part of the real estate capital structure has historically offered higher yields and lower volatility than REIT common stock as well as better downside protection and a preferred position in the capital stack. Since average dividend yields are currently above 8%, REIT preferred securities1 could also offer an attractive value opportunity that may generate equity-like total returns with fixed income-like risk.2

Understanding REIT preferreds. REIT preferred stock is a type of hybrid security that exhibits both equity- and bond-like characteristics. Like equities, preferred stocks are a permanent source of capital which does not count as debt on the balance sheet. Within the capital stack, REIT preferreds have a senior claim on assets, earnings and dividends relative to common stock, but are junior to corporate bonds. Like bonds, REIT preferreds typically make fixed payments on a quarterly basis, and the dividends are often considerably higher than those paid on common stock. In addition, most REIT preferreds offer cumulative dividends so that the issuer is obligated to make up any missed payments before issuing a dividend on any common stock. If a preferred security goes six quarters without a dividend payment, the preferred shareholders can elect two new board members who remain in place until all distributions have been paid.

Moreover, REIT preferred shares are generally issued at a par value (often $25) that can rise or fall but have historically remained in a tight range. REIT preferred shares have no voting rights, although the owners can benefit when shares are trading at a discount to par. REIT preferreds are often callable at par five years after issuance. This feature gives the REIT management team flexibility in its financing, while the five-year non-call period gives shareholders the potential for both income and capital appreciation.

Why issue REIT preferred stock? There are several reasons why REIT managers might elect to issue preferred stock instead of common stock or corporate debt. For example, preferred stock does not fully appear as debt on the company’s balance sheet and there is no requirement of principal repayment. This is a permanent source of financing that, issued in place of debt, allows the company to operate with lower leverage on the balance sheet, an appealing factor for investors, analysts and rating agencies. A wide variety of REITs have issued preferred stock including residential, office, retail, industrial, self-storage, data center, infrastructure, healthcare and lodging sectors. While the investable universe of US REIT preferreds is relatively small by number of issuers and total capitalization, the potential benefits of these securities to both issuers and investors have historically been compelling.

Comparing REIT preferreds to REIT common stock. From the global financial crisis in October 2008 to April 30, 2020, US REIT preferred stock has outperformed US REIT common stock with slightly more than half the volatility (see Figure 1). However, selecting different time periods will generate different performance results, some of which will favor REIT common stock. But choosing any period that includes sharp downdrafts or volatility spikes in the market will generally favor REIT preferreds over REIT common stock. The reason why is that the higher level of income generated by the preferred shares, coupled with better downside risk mitigation and the potential for capital appreciation on discounted securities, has allowed this segment of the capital structure to generate excess returns.

Figure 1: US REIT Preferreds Performance Competitive Risk-Adjusted Returns

Performance data quoted represents past performance; that past performance does not guarantee future results. An investment cannot be made directly into an index. Source: Invesco Real Estate, Wells Fargo, and Zephyr StyleADVISOR. US REIT Preferreds represented by Wells Fargo Hybrid and Preferred REIT Index; US REIT Common represented by FTSE Nareit All Equity REITs Index. Data from October 1, 2008 – April 30, 2020.

We recognize that interest rates in the US are extremely low today and the Federal Reserve may not begin raising the Fed Funds rate for quite some time. But higher rates are always a risk for fixed income investors, so it is significant that from the global financial crisis through April 2020, US REIT preferred stock has tended to outperform2 US REIT common stock during periods of rising rates (see Figure 2). We believe that the higher yield spreads versus the 10-year Treasury note and other preferred sectors have insulated these securities and enabled them to outperform on a relative basis during periods of rising rates. At the same time, the subsequent one-year performance of the REIT preferred universe was slightly below REIT common stocks, although REIT preferreds outperformed broader equities and fixed income. As of March 31, the US REIT preferred market had an average yield of 8.82% compared to the 4.66% yield of the FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs Index.4

Figure 2: US REIT Preferreds and Rising Rates Real Estate Securities Performance During Rising Rates

Source: Invesco Real Estate, Bloomberg and Wells Fargo. Average total returns where the cumulative rise in 10-Year US Treasury yields for each full month period is above 50 basis points (bps) and the one-year subsequent periods from December 2008 through March 2020. US REIT Preferred represented by Wells Fargo Hybrid and Preferred REIT Index. US REIT Common represented by FTSE Nareit All Equity REITs Index. General Equities represented by S&P 500. US Fixed Income represented by Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index.

Given the historically elevated yields of US REIT preferred stocks, investors could properly question the sustainability of these distributions. In this regard, financial preferreds have experienced certain periods of double-digit payment defaults. In contrast, the average annual default rate for US REIT preferred stock has been below 0.50% over the last 20 years, reflecting the potentially stable and predictable cashflows generated by real estate-related companies over that period.5

Potentially attractive valuations. Both common and preferred shares of US REITs traded sharply lower during the height of the pandemic-related market turmoil, and both have partially recovered from the market bottom in late March. Regarding the common stock, US REITs over the last 30 years have traded close to net asset value (NAV) on average versus private real estate valuations. As of March 31, 2020, US REITs traded at a discount of -21.9% to NAV.6 Discounts of this magnitude have only historically been observed during the 1990 Gulf War recession and the global financial crisis in 2008/09. These periods have historically provided investors with a window for deeper value opportunities as there was a fragmentation between underlying real estate fundamentals and asymmetrically steep declines in valuation. We may see something similar in this current environment.

US REIT preferred shares also sold off sharply during the recent market turmoil. Investors frequently analyze preferred securities based on their yield spreads to risk-free securities, including the benchmark 10-year US Treasury note. Over the past five years, US REIT preferred securities have traded between 400 to 500 basis points (bps) above 10-year Treasury yields, with occasional and limited excursions outside of that range (see Figure 3).

Figure 3: US REIT Preferred Spreads As of March 31, 2020

Source: Invesco Real Estate and Wells Fargo as of 31 March 2020. Performance data quoted represents past performance; that past performance does not guarantee future results. An investment cannot be directly made into an index. US REIT Preferreds represented by Wells Fargo Hybrid & Preferred REIT Index. Data shown from 1 January 2015 – 31 March 2020.

However, as news of the coronavirus pandemic started to roil markets, US REIT preferred spreads widened to levels not seen since the global financial crisis. In particular, spreads widened to 900 bps above Treasuries before falling slightly to end the first quarter just below 800 bps. As of March 31, US REIT preferred shares, represented by Wells Fargo Hybrid & Preferred REITs, had an average yield of 8.82% versus 0.67% for the 10-year Treasury note, 1.59% for US Bonds, and 1.22% for Global Bonds.7 By the end of Q1 2020, REIT preferreds were trading over 300 bps wider to 10-year Treasuries than their five-year averages.8 Accordingly, we believe, on both an absolute and relative basis, that yields and spreads for US REIT preferred securities could represent a potentially attractive value opportunity.

To be clear, there are many uncertainties with respect to the current global health and capital markets environment, and REIT preferreds have their own potential risks as well. For example, many REIT preferred securities are less liquid than REIT common stock. Since a significant portion of the total return for REIT preferreds typically comes from dividends, these securities are subject to interest rate risk. During steep market downturns, they are also subject to potential dividend deferrals. However, we believe that in any forthcoming market recovery, REITs with higher quality assets operating in relatively supply constrained markets, healthier balance sheets and the prospect for above average earnings growth may present a potentially attractive investment opportunity.

Key takeaways. Looking beyond the current turmoil to a period when the capital markets have stabilized, investors can likely expect structurally lower interest rates, higher levels of volatility and slower economic growth. A low rate and slow growth environment has historically been favorable for commercial real estate and may prove to be so again. In addition, US REIT preferred securities, with their historically higher yields and lower volatility than REIT common stock, may help investors generate attractive levels of income with less downside risk in a low-to-zero-rate world. In the event of another steep downdraft in the market, REIT preferreds reside higher up the capital stack, and they offer the potential for attractive total returns in light of their overall yields and historically attractive spreads. In summary, the Invesco Real Estate team believes that the utilization of US REIT preferred stock (in portfolios allowing these securities) may enhance returns, reduce volatility and generate income over time compared to a pure REIT common stock portfolio.

While the industry has traditionally focused on real estate strategies that invest exclusively in REIT common stock, we believe that by leveraging different parts of the capital structure, investors may be able to generate higher risk-adjusted returns over the long term. By pairing REIT common stock positions with REIT preferred stock (and considering REIT corporate debt and collateralized mortgage-backed securities in select portfolios), investors can pursue the capital appreciation and income they seek in a potentially more risk-controlled fashion. The overall goal is to generate real estate equity-like returns but with lower volatility, higher Sharpe ratios, shallower drawdowns, higher income and lower correlation to the broader equity market. US REIT preferreds can be an important part of achieving that goal.

Investors seeking information about Invesco Global Real Estate Income Fund can find additional information here.

Footnotes

1. Source: Invesco Real Estate and Wells Fargo as of 3/31/20. US REIT Preferreds represented by Wells Fargo Hybrid & Preferred REIT Index.

2. Source: Bloomberg L.P. as of 5/13/2020

3. Sources: Wells Fargo and Zephyr Style Advisors as of 4/30/2020

4. Sources: Bloomberg L.P. and Morningstar Direct, 5/8/20; Invesco Real Estate and Wells Fargo, 3/31/20. US REIT Preferreds are represented by the Wells Fargo Hybrid and Preferred REIT Index.

5. Sources: Invesco Real Estate, Bloomberg L.P. and Wells Fargo. Data as of 12/31/19 and updated annually. US REIT Preferred represented by Wells Fargo Hybrid & Preferred Securities REIT Index. US Financial Preferred represented by Wells Fargo Hybrid & Preferred Securities Financial Index.

6. Source: Invesco Real Estate estimates based on consensus data, 4/1/20. Past performance does not guarantee future results. US Real Estate Securities represented by FTSE Nareit All Equity REITs Index.

7. Sources: Bloomberg L.P. and Morningstar Direct, 5/12/20. US Bonds represented by Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index and Global Bonds represented by Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Bond Index. An investment cannot be made directly into an index.

8. Sources: Invesco Real Estate and Wells Fargo as of 3/31/20. US REIT Preferreds represented by Wells Fargo Hybrid & Preferred REIT Index.

Important Information

Blog Header Image: Hannes Egler / Unsplash

NAREIT is The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts

The Sharpe Ratio is the average return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of volatility or total risk

The capital stack refers to the organization of all capital contributed to finance a real estate transaction or a company.

The standard deviation is a statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to its mean.

Standard deviation is a statistical measurement in finance that, when applied to the annual rate of return of an investment, sheds light on the historical volatility of that investment.

A yield spread is the difference between yields on differing debt instruments of varying maturities, credit ratings, issuer, or risk level, calculated by deducting the yield of one instrument from the other.

The S&P 500® Index is an unmanaged index considered representative of the US stock market.

The Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index is an unmanaged index considered representative of the US investment-grade, fixed-rate bond market.

The Wells Fargo Hyrbid & Preferred REIT Index is designed to track the performance of preferred securities issued in the US market by Real Estate Investment Trusts. The index is composed of preferred stock and securities that, in Wells Fargos judgment, are functionally equivalent to preferred stock including, but not limited to, depositary preferred securities, perpetual subordinated debt and certain capital securities.

The Wells Fargo Hybrid and Preferred Securities Financial Index is a market capitalization-weighted index that tracks the performance of preferred stocks and securities that are functionally equivalent to preferred stock including, but not limited to, depositary preferred securities, perpetual subordinated debt and certain capital securities issued in the US market by financial institutions.

The Wells Fargo Hybrid and Preferred Securities Index is a market capitalization-weighted index that tracks the performance of preferred stocks, as well as certain types of “hybrid securities” that are functionally equivalent to preferred stocks, that are issued by US-based or foreign issuers and that pay a floating or variable rate dividend or coupon.

Global REITS are represented by FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Global Index is designed to track the performance of listed real estate companies and REITs in both developed and emerging markets

US REITS are represented by FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs Index is an unmanaged index considered representative of U.S. REITs Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future results. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from expectations. An investment cannot be made into an index.

Common stocks do not assure dividend payments and the amount of a dividend if any, may vary over time. There can be no guarantee or assurance that companies will declare dividends in the future of that if declared, they will remain at current levels or increase over time.

Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer to defer or omit distributions for a certain period of time, and reporting the distribution for tax purposes may be required, even though the income may not have been received. Further, preferred securities may lose substantial value due to the omission or deferment of dividend payments.

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment or call risk, which is the risk that the borrower’s payments may be received earlier or later than expected due to changes in prepayment rates on underlying loans. Securities may be prepaid at a price less than the original purchase value.

Interest rate risk refers to the risk that bond prices generally fall as interest rates rise and vice versa.

Investments in real estate related instruments may be affected by economic, legal, or environmental factors that affect property values, rents or occupancies of real estate. Real estate companies, including REITs or similar structures, tend to be small and mid-cap companies and their shares may be more volatile and less liquid.

The opinions expressed are those of the author, are based on current market conditions and are subject to change without notice. These opinions may differ from those of other Invesco investment professionals.

Invesco Distributors, Inc. is the US distributor for Invesco Ltd.’s retail products and collective trust funds, and is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd.

from Expert Investment Views: Invesco Blog https://www.blog.invesco.us.com/us-reit-preferred-a-potential-bright-spot-in-challenging-times/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=us-reit-preferred-a-potential-bright-spot-in-challenging-times

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panaceainfotechpvtltd · 5 years ago

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Top Frameworks for Ecommerce Services Provider for Building PWA

Although Progressive web applications have been around for quite long, where they have also gained the popularity in the last few years, so due to their ability for providing mobile users with a more immersive experience which is comparable to that of native apps because for ecommerce website development progressive web apps frameworks helps to bring several advantages like being adaptable across different platform, devices as well as hardware, so apart from ranking the mobile on search engines. The first step in Progressive web apps development is to decide which framework to use as there are various options available, so below are the given most popular progressive web apps frameworks for ecommerce provider to build progressive web apps:

What are Progressive Web Apps?

Progressive web apps (PWA) are nothing but a blend of latest technologies with established best of the practices, where it results in developing a reliable, accessible, engaging experience, so it connects around a native-like an experience for the user. Nevertheless, progressive web applications also enable the user to deliver enriched user experience than the rival native applications with no need for different development teams, so the precise aspect of progressive web apps development does not interpret the loss of connectivity like an error, but as an eventuality. Hence, it is helping for aggregating popularity due to its features and simple development process.

AngularJS

Angular, was first introduced by Google in 2009, where it is among the most popular progressive web apps frameworks that uses a JavaScript ecosystem for building responsive apps which are robust and reliable. Nevertheless, the release of version 5 also has a new services worker for built-in support so that it can help for making this framework easier for the developer to use as until then they are required a high level expertise for building a progressive web app by using the angular JS version. So, the recent release of Angular 6 comes with the two additional commands so that it can help for simplifying the process of downloading as well as installing a web app on a device.

React

React, is supported by Facebook where it is also most well-known among PWA framework for its extensive JavaScript library and a large community. Nevertheless, Pure JavaScript is the base for React, where it uses JSX for employing rendering functions to connect with HTML structures, so that this can help the projects to scale with the addition of packages to gives the developers a ease for making the react one of top PWA framework as well as tools.

Vue.js

It would be ideal to say that the Vue.js is one of the prominent and leading frameworks as it has extended its community with the growth of its popularity, so the usability, adaptability and comprehensive results help to change prime option for every progressive web app developer because the users empowered through Vue.js to separate the template with a virtual DOM compiler, so even after being a small size frameworks, it overrun the competitors with bulky frameworks. Moreover, due to the compact and complicated structure, it also cost minimum time for exploring blocks which contain error, so Vue.js has transfigured into a useful framework for building a complete single-page application as it gives the capacity for developing a flexible component. So, these components are ready to use in other projects, and apart from all its features, so it also embroidered with streamlined implementation to help to make an easy implementation of one-way flow to prioritize while the user works with different components.

Ionic

The ionic framework has come into existence for removing the gap between hybrid mobile apps as well as AngularJS web apps where Ionic is also grouped with user interface elements which are made in HTML5 and CSS to provide extensive mobile interactions. In a broader sense if we see it also provide UI components similar to the native apps to utilize in the framework for Android iOS and other platforms as Iconic framework is entirely free for considering one of the best and effective open source SDKs. Thus custom website development without any discrepancy becomes easy, so with a yielding feature like open-source framework, built-in tools, and large users community portrays it more effective.

Ember.js

Ember.js is an open-source JavaScript framework where it enables developers for building simple as well as scalable single web page application. Nevertheless, it is mainly used for building a simple web application to encompassed like a framework for building JavaScript applications by offering an extended series of the solution because the solution usually contains an application to flow and data management. Therefore, Ember.js aggregated more attention among developers, as it enables them to indulge in best practices, where it also coveted with Ember.js inspector tool, to help in debugging Ember applications. Furthermore, as it is based on convention over configuration, it also eases mobile app development by consolidating the intense focus on dedicated functionality of apps.

So, in the end, the decision on which progressive web apps framework to use for your app mainly depends upon the skills as well as the expertise of your developers because with the high frequency of updates every few months, the choice of a particular framework does not matter as much as the ease of updating the app. At Panaceatek.com, a leading mobile application development company or a team of developers has an experience in working on various progressing web apps for app development as well as maintenance, as we have helped clients from across the globe to develop hundreds of mobile and cross platforms apps.

Source URL: https://www.bloglovin.com/@vivek9522/top-frameworks-for-ecommerce-services-provider

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support1212 · 6 months ago

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Accurate football prediction,

Hybrid Models: Some platforms combine algorithmic predictions with crowd-sourced insights to improve accuracy. These sites may use algorithms to generate initial predictions, which are then refined by crowd input, or vice versa.

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crarsports · 5 years ago

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18 Great Lessons You Can Learn From Cars Toyota Corolla | cars toyota corolla

The architecture isn’t the alone affair absorbing about the Corolla Hybrid. This high-efficiency archetypal adapts the latest Toyota Amalgam Synergy Drive from the new-generation Prius, already accurate as an MPG winner. Alone Toyota offers such a aural best of hybrids in this agent segment, appropriately accouterment to barter who accept altered tastes in architecture but the aforementioned admiration for best ammunition efficiency.

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The 2020 Corolla Hybrid, like its gas-powered siblings, delivers a highly-satisfying alive experience, forth with the brand’s latest advances in abundance and multimedia technology. As on the 2020 Corolla gas models, the Toyota Assurance Sense 2.0 apartment of alive assurance systems comes standard.

The 2020 Corolla Amalgam is yet added affirmation of Toyota’s absolute all-around amalgam leadership, which began added than 20 years ago.

Fit for a Hybrid

The amalgam powertrain and array were a accustomed fit for the new Corolla because of the Toyota New All-around Architecture (TNGA) platform. There’s no accommodation in berth roominess, for example, back allotment the Corolla Amalgam against a gas model.

The new amalgam arrangement combines a 1.8-liter four-cylinder gasoline agent with two motor/generators through an electronically controlled planetary-type continuously capricious manual (CVT) transaxle. Combined arrangement achievement of 121 appliance yields absolutely acknowledging performance.

The nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) array backpack employs a anew developed technology alleged Hyper-Prime Nickel

to addition array achievement in a abate and lighter package. The battery’s abate admeasurement and adulate appearance acquiesce it to be packaged beneath the rear seat, rather than demography up block space, and additionally acceptance a 60/40 breach folding rear seatback to aggrandize burden capacity. The array area additionally contributes to the vehicle’s lower centermost of gravity, a benefaction to agility.

The engine, alive in concert with the electric motor (MG2), assures acknowledging performance, while admirable activity ability is accomplished by appliance both electric motors (MG1 and MG2) for amalgam array charging.

Driving the Corolla Hybrid

The Corolla Hybrid’s beeline dispatch acknowledgment may booty some by surprise. Back affairs away, the array provides a attenuate ability addition in adjustment to put beneath ache on the agent and annihilate the “rubber band” aftereffect accomplished with some hybrids.

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A preload cogwheel adds to the assured dispatch feel. During low endless and low cogwheel rotation, differential-limited torque is broadcast to the larboard and adapted wheels, acquiescent accomplished administration stability. At mid-range and aerial agent loads, the preload cogwheel functions as an accessible differential.

Corolla Amalgam has EV mode, which allows the agent to be operated as a authentic electric agent for abbreviate distances, depending aloft assertive conditions, such as array allegation level. This approach is advantageous for operating the agent in parking lots or calm parking garages, for example. The Agent Proximity Notification affection alerts pedestrians of the vehicle’s attendance back alive in array mode.

Along with the accepted NORMAL and ECO drive modes, a SPORT drive approach ambience allows for an access in ability for stronger dispatch acknowledgment back desired. NORMAL mode: Allows the amalgam arrangement to accomplish an ideal aggregate of ammunition abridgement and agent acceleration. The accelerator aperture bulk changes linearly in acknowledgment to accelerator pedal operation. ECO mode: Improves amalgam arrangement ability by attached ability in acknowledgment to ablaze to abstinent accelerator pedal input. SPORT mode: Available ability is increased, acceptance for bigger dispatch response.

Stopping the Corolla Hybrid

Another addition to ability comes from the Electronically Controlled Brake (ECB) system, which coordinates operation amid the adorning braking force of the electric motors and the hydraulic braking arrangement force to accommodate optimal endlessly power. By proactively appliance the electric motors to balance as abundant electrical activity as accessible from the adorning braking system, this acutely able accommodating ascendancy helps to aerate ammunition economy.

An alive hydraulic booster on the accepted (non-regenerative) braking arrangement improves pedal feel and acknowledgment for the driver. Critically, should there anytime be a malfunction in the ECB system, the accepted hydraulic braking arrangement can stop the vehicle.

Brake Hold, back engaged, is a acceptable technology that reduces disciplinarian accomplishment while cat-and-mouse at a cartage ablaze or while alive in abundant traffic. Back the disciplinarian presses the accelerator, Brake Hold releases instantly.

How the Added Bisected Works

The added bisected of the Amalgam Synergy Drive team, the gas engine, is no beneath absorbing than the electric side. The 2ZR-FXE 1.8-liter inline four-cylinder agent was advised accurately for a amalgam application. The long-stroke agreement employs the Atkinson cycle, which uses a absolute aerial compression arrangement (13.0:1) forth with a beneath assimilation achievement and best amplification achievement than the Otto cycle. The Atkinson aeon extracts added activity from the fuel, and the electric motors atone for bargain low-end ability (versus the Otto cycle).

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Friction created by the agent skirts, alternating genitalia and oil pump is reduced, and an electric baptize pump eliminates the abject losses with a accepted belt-driven pump. Toyota approved ability assets in every system. The highly-efficient air conditioning system, for example, uses S-FLOW control, which automatically optimizes airflow throughout the berth according to the temperature setting, absolute berth and alfresco temperatures, sunlight intensity, and alive seats.

Getting the agent up to operating temperature bound is analytical to attention ammunition and abbreviation emissions at start-up. In the Corolla Hybrid, an bankrupt calefaction recirculation arrangement speeds up agent coolant warm-up. That in about-face allows the amalgam arrangement to stop the gas agent beforehand and added generally in the alive aeon back it’s not needed, for archetype in low-power-demand burghal alive conditions.

The PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) boiler bound provides berth calefaction electrically in algid temperatures.

Hybrid Exclusives

The Corolla Amalgam rolls on 15-inch aluminum admixture auto with low-rolling attrition tires. As on the Corolla gas models, the new multi-link rear abeyance improves both administration activity and ride abundance compared to the previous-generation Corolla Sedan.

The apparatus console uses a high-grade beat with a 7-inch Multi-Information Affectation (MID). The MID shows the speedometer, as able-bodied as a amalgam arrangement indicator/real-time array allegation cachet indicator. ECO accelerator guidance, additionally apparent in the MID, can accommodate a guideline for maximizing ammunition ability by apprenticeship the disciplinarian on optimal accelerator pedal operation to bout alive conditions. Drivers who like the beheld address of seeing agent rpm can accept to affectation a tachometer.

Multimedia Mogul

The 2020 Corolla Hybrid’s multimedia offerings alpha with the accepted Entune

3.0 Audio arrangement that includes: 8-in. touchscreen display; six speakers; Apple CarPlay compatibility; Amazon Alexa; Entune 3.0 App Apartment Connect; Assurance Connect; Wi-Fi Connect; Scout GPS Link Compatible; Siri Eyes Free; abetting audio jack and USB 2.0 anchorage with iPod connectivity and control; AM/FM; MP3/WMA playback capability; articulation acceptance training and tutorials; hands-free buzz capability; articulation recognition; music alive via Bluetooth; customizable home screen, and weather/traffic advice via Entune 3.0 App Suite. Safety

The Corolla Amalgam appearance eight accepted airbags and Toyota’s Star Assurance System, which includes Enhanced Agent Adherence Control, Traction Control, Electronic Brake-force Distribution, Brake Assist, Anti-lock Braking System, and Smart Stop Technology. All Corolla models appear able with a accepted advancement camera.

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Toyota Assurance Sense 2.0

Significantly, all 2020 Corolla models are able as accepted with Toyota Assurance Sense

2.0, an avant-garde apartment of chip alive assurance features.

PCS (Pre-Collision System): Is advised to automatically actuate the brakes to advice abstain a blow or abate the appulse force. PCS is able to ascertain a agent or banal in day and low-light conditions, as able-bodied as a bike during daylight.

Full-Speed DRCC (Dynamic Radar Cruise Control): Advised for artery use, advised to advance a set vehicle-to-vehicle ambit and is additionally able of low-speed afterward up to speeds of about 24 mph. The Corolla can stop back the agent advanced comes to a stop, advancement an adapted ambit to it.

LDA (Lane Departure Alert) w/ Steer Assist: Advised to accord the disciplinarian aural and beheld warnings and, if necessary, provides council abetment if it detects the achievability of abrogation the alive lane. It additionally detects balance aberrant aural the alive lane that ability announce disciplinarian distraction, apathy or drowsiness.

LTA (Lane Tracing Assist): LTA is enabled back LDA and DRCC are both on and active. LTA employs a lane absorption action that will accomplish connected council inputs to advice the disciplinarian accumulate the agent in its lane. LTA is advised for uses on almost beeline highways to preemptively abstain exceptionable lane departures and abate disciplinarian fatigue.

AHB (Automatic Aerial Beam): Back enabled, detects the headlights of advancing cartage and taillights of above-mentioned cartage and automatically switches amid aerial and low beams as appropriate.

RSA (Road Sign Assist): Advised to admit acceleration limit, Stop, Yield, and Do Not Enter signs and affectation them on the cartage MID to advice abetment the driver.

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