#8 billion euros to usd

[fortunatelygenerousinfluencer]

BUY-RED-LIQUID-MERCURY

BUY-RED-LIQUID-MERCURY

Looking to buy red liquid mercury? Learn about the uses, properties, and safety precautions of this rare and highly sought-after substance before making a purchase decision.BUY-RED-LIQUID-MERCURY

Looking to buy Red Liquid Mercury? Discover where to find reliable suppliers, how to identify genuine products, and what safety precautions to take before purchasing. Looking to buy red liquid mercury? Here are some important things you need to know about this highly regulated and potentially dangerous substance, as well as where to find legitimate sources for purchase.

Looking to buy red liquid mercury? Learn about the properties and uses of this highly specialized substance, as well as how to purchase it legally and safely.Looking to buy red liquid mercury? Learn about the properties and uses of this highly specialized substance, as well as how to purchase it legally and safely. Looking to buy red liquid mercury? Read this guide to understand what it is, its properties, how to buy it safely, and what it can and cannot be used for. Looking to buy red liquid mercury? Read on to learn more about this elusive element and where to purchase it. Looking to buy red liquid mercury? Learn about the properties and uses of this substance, as well as where and how to purchase it legally and safely.

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[priteshwemarketresearch]

Turbocharger Market Share, Growth, Forecast And Global Industry Outlook 2024 –  2035

Turbocharger Market  Overview

Turbocharger Market size was valued at USD 20.19 billion in 2023 and is estimated to reach a value of USD 47.22 billion by 2034 with a CAGR of 8.0% during the forecast period 2024-2035. Stricter pollution laws and consumers' growing preference for high-performance cars are driving growth in the automotive turbocharger industry. There may be a good chance for turbocharger producers in gasoline and hybrid versions as the automotive industry switches from diesel to gasoline light-duty cars and experiences a spike in vehicle hybridization.

To know about the assumptions considered for the study download the pdf brochure

Turbocharger Market  Dynamics

DRIVER: Stringent emission regulations and a surge in sales of gasoline-powered passenger vehicles.

The decrease in the growth of diesel engines might be attributed to several factors. Some of these include rising fuel prices, increased worries about global warming, and the greater cost of diesel cars in comparison to their gasoline-powered equivalents. However, the need for turbochargers designed specifically for gasoline engines is being driven by the rising popularity of cars with gasoline engines. In order to satisfy this growing demand, turbocharger producers are therefore expected to refocus and devote resources to the development and production of gasoline turbochargers. The demand for diesel cars has decreased while the desire for gasoline engines has increased in nations like Indonesia, South Korea, and India. The market for gasoline engines has been further driven by a number of pollution standards, including China VI, PROCONVE P-8, and Euro 6.

Surging Demands for Passengers Cars in the Emerging Economies

Due to increased regional investments and rapid expansion, emerging economies have seen enormous growth in the automobile industry in recent years. In an effort to lower production costs, OEM investments poured heavily into the growing economies of Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Asia-Pacific. A new manufacturing hub has been established in the emerging markets by the automakers' geographic diversity. The demand for passenger vehicles is mostly being driven by the growing urban population and rising consumer incomes. Furthermore, these emerging markets have seen a growth in the sales of passenger vehicles due to easily accessible finance facilities and growing mobility needs.

Key Trends Shaping the Turbocharger market

Development of electric turbochargers to boost the market growth

The prognosis for the industry will be positively impacted by a dramatic increase in auto production and sales. The car industry has become a more robust, versatile, and dependable industry during the past few decades. In order to maximize capacity utilization, automakers and producers of automotive products worldwide especially in North America's industrialized nations are devoting a substantial amount of resources and capital. Consolidating product demand will be made easier by advances in consumer financing, more credit availability, increased consumer spending, and innovative developments in the automotive industry.

Turbocharger Market Opportunities

Increasing Demand for Electric Vehicles and Electric Turbochargers:

As more new models are anticipated to hit the road in the next years, the automobile industry is embracing the technology of electric and hybrid vehicles. The automotive industry is changing because of environmental requirements imposed by the government. While cutting the cost of hybrid cars, automakers are making large investments to extend the range of the batteries. Automakers are trying to figure out how to integrate turbo technology into new vehicle categories, like electric, hybrid, and battery-powered cars. Future engine mixes are anticipated to include more turbochargers, which now play a major part in vehicle engines. Battery-electric, fuel- and hybrid-powered vehicles are among the vehicles that use turbo technology.

Turbocharger Market  Key Companies

BorgWarner Inc.

Garrett Motion Inc.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd

IHI Corporation, Cummins Inc.

CONTINENTAL AG, Precision Turbo & Engine

Rotomaster International

Turbocharger Market  Segments:

By Technology

Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT)

Wastegate Turbocharger

Twin-Turbo

Electric Turbocharger

      By End Use

Automotive

Aerospace

Marine

Industrial

     By Material

Cast Iron

Aluminum

Other Alloys

      By Fuel Type

Diesel

Gasoline

Enquire for customization in Report

Regional Analysis:

The turbocharger market in Europe is undergoing significant changes that are influencing its expansion and advancement. The strict emission regulations enforced by the European Union are among the most noteworthy trends. Automakers are being forced by these restrictions to use turbocharging technology in order to comply with stringent CO2 emission standards. By enabling smaller, more efficient engines to produce high power output and efficiency, turbochargers help manufacturers meet environmental regulations without sacrificing engine performance.

Directly Purchase a Copy of this Turbocharger market research report at:

https://wemarketresearch.com/reports/request-free-sample-pdf/turbocharger-market/1537

Key Benefits For Stakeholders

This study presents analytical depiction of the global turbocharger market analysis along with the current trends and future estimations to depict imminent investment pockets.

The overall market opportunity is determined by understanding profitable trends to gain a stronger foothold.

The report presents information related to the key drivers, restraints, and opportunities of the market with a detailed impact analysis.

The current market is quantitatively analyzed from 2023 to 2034 to benchmark the financial competency.

Porter’s five forces analysis illustrates the potency of the buyers and suppliers in the industry.

Grab More Report 

Global Metal Gathering Machine Market

https://wemarketresearch.com/reports/global-metal-gathering-machine-market/1518

 Global Hydraulic Broomer Market

https://wemarketresearch.com/reports/global-hydraulic-broomer-market/1517

Conclusion,

The turbocharger market is experiencing significant growth due to the demand for better fuel efficiency, technological advancements, and a growing automotive sector. While there are challenges, the market is likely to continue evolving with innovations and adaptations to meet changing automotive and environmental demands.

Contact Us:

Mr. Robbin Joseph

Corporate Sales, USA

We Market Research

USA: +1-724-618-3925

Websites: https://wemarketresearch.com/

Email: sales@wemarketresearch.com

[uptothetrendblogs]

Global Rail Saws Market

Global Rail Saws Seen Soaring 7.55% Growth to Reach USD XX Billion by 2032, Projects Univdatos Market Insights

According to a new report by Univdatos Market Insights, Rail Saws are expected to reach USD XX billion in 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.55%. The rising demand for Rail Saws is due to the government's focus on maintaining and upgrading the railway infrastructure.

Growing Demand:

With rising urbanization and the need to fasten urban and intercity commutes, a massive need to improve and expand railway infrastructure across the globe has been observed. Considering the pressing need, many countries across the globe have aligned their efforts towards the expansion of railway infrastructure to accommodate the rising population. For instance, in 2023, China announced to build 2,500 km of high-speed railway infrastructure. China Railway already completed USD104.8 billion worth of 4,100 km of railways (including 2,082 km of high-speed rail).

Unlock The Insights of This Strategic Report – https://univdatos.com/report/rail-saw-market/get-a-free-sample-form.php?product_id=61572

Various other major populous countries such as China, Japan, and other African countries are also extensively investing into expanding the railway infrastructure which would be conducive to expand the demand for railway saws.

For instance, Trans Kalahari Rail and Port is one of the prominent projects, a rail connection project of 1,500 km. The total estimated cost of USD 10 billion for the rail and port infrastructure project would be invested and is anticipated to be completed in 2025.

Considering the rising focus of the railway infrastructure projects across the globe, the demand for railway saws is further anticipated to rise in the forthcoming years, i.e., 2024-2032.

Applications:

Rail saws are one of the crucial pieces of equipment used to cut railway lines for perfect fitting and to cut various materials used in railway infrastructure construction. The demand for the respective construction tool has sizably grown in recent years due to the pressing need to expand the railway infrastructure. For instance, in 2022, the United Arab Emirates and Oman signed a deal to construct a cross-border railway line with a total cost of USD 3 billion.

Additionally, various railway infrastructure development projects have also been announced which would lead to the demand for construction equipment. For instance, the African Development Bank sanctioned a loan of Euro 145 million for improving and expanding railway infrastructure in the country of Egypt.

With the growing need for infrastructure security, and maintenance in the railways, the demand for Rail Saws in this particular category is anticipated to find rapid growth, subsequently improving its market in the coming years.

Growing infrastructure of High-Speed Rail Across the Globe to Promote the Need for Rail Saws:

Some of the key factors that have contributed to the growth are the expansion of high-speed rail lines. This has also led to the need to digitalize the old-age railway technology to improve the customer experience. Many of the high-speed rail projects have recently been completed, which has further promoted the rise of Rail Saws solutions and services.  For instance, in 2023, China Railway opened the Jinxing Railways 101 km railway line between Tianjin and Beijing Airport, consisting of 4 stations. The line has a maximum speed of 250 km/hr., and 8 trains are operating on the line.

In another instance, in 2024, the government of South Korea announced its plans to launch a high-speed rail to reduce the time of travel between Seoul and its outskirts. The project named Great Train eXpress would cost USD 99.5 billion and would be completed by the year 2035.

Unlock The Insights of This Strategic Report – https://univdatos.com/report/rail-saw-market/get-a-free-sample-form.php?product_id=61572

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the Global Rail Saws market is poised for continued growth and innovation driven by economic expansion, technological advancements, and sustainable practices. The increasing demand for railway travel and customer experience, as well as the need for improved predictive maintenance techniques in the railways, underscores the pivotal role of Rail Saws across the globe. As stakeholders navigate challenges such as cost management, regulatory compliance, and market competitiveness, collaborations, investments in Rail Saws infrastructure, and rising demand for railway security would also play a vital role in shaping the future of the Global Rail Saws market, ensuring its resilience and contribution to the global railways.

Key Offerings of the Report

Market Size, Trends, & Forecast by Revenue | 2024−2032.

Market Dynamics – Leading Trends, Growth Drivers, Restraints, and Investment Opportunities

Market Segmentation – A detailed analysis By Type, By Application

Competitive Landscape – Top Key Vendors and Other Prominent Vendors

Author: Jaikishan Verma

For more details Contact:

UnivDatos Market Insights

C80B, Sector-8, Noida,

Uttar Pradesh 201301

For Sales related queries, please reach us at sales@univdatos.com

Contact:

UnivDatos Market Insights

contact@univdatos.com 

+91 7838604911

[khushivaid]

Is Gurgaon Future Here? Godrej 103, Vriksha

Building Dreams, Creating Homes: Our Story 

The new launch in Sector 103, Gurgaon, is a prime residential project located near the Dwarka Expressway, offering excellent connectivity to Delhi and its surroundings. 

This development features modern towers with spacious, light-filled apartments and top-tier amenities, including a large clubhouse and lush green spaces.

 With advanced security measures in place, it promises a secure, upscale living experience for homebuyers and investors alike.

Highlights

Elevating Properties: Our Spotlight Features

Total Land: ~15 Acres

Total Towers: 7-8

Tower Height: G + 30

Elite Clubhouse: A grand clubhouse awaits for memorable gatherings.

Prime Location: Steps away from top commercials, malls, schools, and more.

24-Hour Security: With CCTV & controlled access.

Sophisticated Clubhouse & Well-Equipped Gymnasium

Proximity: Close to Dwarka Sports Complex and Metro Station

Amenities

Elevated Living: Unparalleled Amenities for Every Lifestyle 

Godrej Sector 103 offers a range of premium amenities designed to elevate your living experience. 

These include a well-equipped gymnasium, sophisticated clubhouse, lush green spaces, and more, catering to every lifestyle need.

Price List

Unlock the Door to Affordable Luxury

3 BHK: ₹ 4.41 Cr* Onwards (Size: 2100 Sq Ft)

3 BHK: ₹ 5.25 Cr* Onwards (Size: 2500 Sq Ft)

4 BHK: ₹ 7.77 Cr* Onwards (Size: 3700 Sq Ft)

Floor Plans

Choose Your Perfect Plan 

Explore the floor plans to find your ideal living space, tailored to meet the needs of modern families. Detailed floor plans for both 3 BHK and 4 BHK units are available.

Location

Perfectly Positioned: Discover Our Ideal Locations

India International Convention Center: 5 Km

New Golf Course: 6 Km

UER 2 Connecting Dwarka To Panipat

Dwarka Golf Course: 15.6 Km

Euro International School: 5.1 Km

Gurgaon Global School: 3.1 Km

The Signature Advance Hospital: 6.4 Km

Park Hospital: 9.6 Km

Sapphire 90: 20 Mins

Manipal: 10.6 Km

About Developer

Godrej Properties is more than simply a real estate company; it's a brand that spans across India. 

The company incorporates various business portfolios, including land development, advanced design, consumer products, home appliances, security, furniture, and agri-care. 

Founded in 1897, Godrej Group is one of India's most reputable and trusted brands, with an estimated 1.1 billion clients and an annual income of USD 5 billion worldwide.

PropGrow as a real estate consultant, sees Godrej Sector 103 in Gurgaon as a standout project that seamlessly blends luxury, convenience, and strategic location. 

The project's proximity to the Dwarka Expressway ensures excellent connectivity to Delhi and surrounding areas, enhancing its appeal to both homebuyers and investors.

 The thoughtfully designed modern towers, spacious apartments, and a plethora of upscale amenities such as a grand clubhouse, lush green spaces, and a state-of-the-art gymnasium cater to the desires of contemporary urban living. 

Furthermore, the robust security measures provide peace of mind, making it an ideal choice for families. 

We appreciate the diverse portfolio and the trusted reputation of Godrej Properties, which adds an additional layer of confidence for prospective buyers. 

Conclusion

Godrej Sector 103 in Gurgaon offers a blend of luxury, security, and prime location, making it an ideal choice for discerning homebuyers and investors. 

With state-of-the-art amenities and excellent connectivity, it stands out as a premier residential project, promising an elevated lifestyle in one of Gurgaon's most sought-after areas. 

Don't miss out on the pre-launch benefits and the opportunity to book a site visit to experience this exceptional development firsthand.

[ailtrahq]

Bitcoin (BTC) faced a 4.9% correction in the four days following the failure to break the $28,000 resistance on Oct. 8, and derivatives metrics show fear is dominating sentiment in the market, but will it be enough to shake Bitcoin price from its current range?Looking at the bigger picture, Bitcoin is holding up admirably, especially when compared to gold, which has fallen by 5% since June, and Treasury Inflation-Protected bonds (TIP), which have seen a 4.2% drop during the same period. Merely maintaining its position at $27,700, Bitcoin has outperformed two of the most secure assets in traditional finance.Given Bitcoin’s price rejection at $28,000 on Oct. 8, investors should analyze BTC derivatives metrics to determine whether bears are indeed in control.Bitcoin/USD vs. inflation-protected TIP ETF vs. Gold. Source: TradingViewTreasury Inflation-Protected Securities are U.S. government bonds designed to safeguard against inflation. Consequently, the ETF's value tends to rise with increasing inflation since the bond principal and interest payments adjust to inflation, preserving the purchasing power for investors.$27,600 Bitcoin is not necessarily a bad thingRegardless of how you frame this historic achievement, Bitcoin enthusiasts may not be entirely satisfied with its current $520 billion market capitalization, even though it surpasses global payment processor Visa's ($493 billion) and Exxon Mobil's ($428 billion) market capitalizations. This bullish expectation is partly based on Bitcoin's previous all-time high of $1.3 trillion in November 2021.It's important to note that the DXY index, which measures the U.S. dollar against a basket of foreign currencies, including the euro, Swiss Franc and British Pound, is nearing its highest level in 10 months. This indicates a strong vote of confidence in the resilience of the U.S. economy, at least in relative terms. This alone should be enough to justify reduced interest in alternative hedge instruments like Bitcoin.Some may argue that the 3% gains in the S&P 500 index since June contradict the idea of investors seeking cash positions. However, the top 25 companies hold a combined $4.2 trillion in cash and equivalents, in addition to being highly profitable. This explains why stocks are also being used as a hedge rather than a risk-seeking venture.In essence, there is no reason for Bitcoin investors to be dissatisfied with its recent performance. However, this sentiment changes when we analyze BTC derivatives metrics. Bitcoin derivatives show declining demand from bullsTo begin with, Bitcoin's future contract premium, also known as the basis rate, reached its lowest level in four months. Normally, Bitcoin monthly futures trade at a slight premium compared to spot markets, indicating that sellers demand additional money to postpone settlement. As a result, futures contracts in healthy markets should trade at an annualized premium of 5% to 10%, a situation not unique to crypto markets.Bitcoin two-month futures annualized premium. Source: Laevitas.chThe current 3.2% futures premium (basis rate) is at its lowest point since mid-June, before BlackRock filed for a spot ETF. This metric indicates a reduced appetite for leverage buyers, although it doesn't necessarily reflect bearish expectations.To determine whether the rejection at $28,000 on Oct. 8 has led to decreased optimism among investors, traders should examine Bitcoin options markets. The 25% delta skew is a telling indicator, especially when arbitrage desks and market makers overcharge for upside or downside protection.If traders anticipate a drop in Bitcoin's price, the skew metric will rise above 7%, and periods of excitement tend to have a negative 7% skew.Bitcoin 30-day options 25% delta skew. Source: Laevitas.chAs shown above, the Bitcoin options' 25% delta skew switched to "fear" mode on Oct. 10, with protective put (sell) options currently trading at a 13% premium compared to similar call (buy) options.Bitcoin derivatives metrics

suggest that traders are becoming less confident, which can be partly attributed to the multiple postponements of the Bitcoin spot ETF decisions by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and concerns regarding exchanges' exposure to terrorist organizations.For now, the negative sentiment toward cryptocurrencies seems to invalidate any benefits arising from macroeconomic uncertainty and the natural hedge protection provided by Bitcoin's predictable monetary policy. At least from a derivatives perspective, the likelihood of Bitcoin's price breaking above $28,000 in the short term appears slim.This article is for general information purposes and is not intended to be and should not be taken as legal or investment advice. The views, thoughts, and opinions expressed here are the author’s alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

[earaercircular]

Mega subsidies for fossil fuels

Fossil fuels are massively subsidised worldwide. The IMF started calculating and arrived at a total subsidy amount of 7 trillion dollars.[1]

Kerosene, the fuel used to power aircraft, is not subject to excise duties. Belgium has permanently reduced VAT on gas. Diesel for the professional market enjoys a lower excise duty. Fuel cards for company cars are fiscally advantageous.

These are just a few of the many ways in which fossil fuels are handled with kid gloves by the tax authorities. But Belgium is not the only country where this happens. Worldwide, the burning of fossil fuels yield $ 7,000 billion more to the tax authorities than is currently the case, the IMF has calculated. That is 7.1 percent of global worldwide GDP.

Of that amount, 18 percent is awarded in the form of explicit subsidies: direct financial interventions in the selling price. In 2020, those explicit subsidies still accounted for USD 500 billion, compared to USD 1,300 billion last year. This also includes government interventions to compensate the effects of the high energy price. Think of the 'basic packages' that the Belgian government paid to energy consumers last winter. They are expected to decrease again

"Efficient" price

The IMF also considers unaccounted for costs for global warming, traffic congestion and air pollution as subsidies. It is about the difference between what petrol costs at the pump and what petrol would have to cost to slow down consumption enough to limit warming to 1.5 degrees. The latter price is called the 'efficient' price. Last year, 80 percent of all coal was sold at less than half the efficient price.

These implicit subsidies will continue to rise, the IMF expects. This is because the use of fossil fuels is still increasing, especially in non-Western countries. In those countries, the impact on global warming and air pollution is greater. The total grant amount is expected to exceed 8 percent of global GDP by 2030.

If all fuels were sold at efficient prices, for example by introducing a global carbon tax, it would generate a huge sum: $4,4 trillion or 3.6 percent of global GDP. Driving, flying and heating would therefore become much more expensive. But if the proceeds are used to reduce labour costs, for example, the effect may be neutral on balance. In that case, CO emissions would fall by 43 percent in the next 7 years. It would also prevent 1.6 million premature deaths from air pollution. “Even if you don't factor in the climate benefits, reforming fuel prices is beneficial because of cleaner air and elimination of price distortions.”

The most extreme examples of subsidising fossil fuels can be found in countries such as Saudi Arabia and Iran. Because those countries produce a lot of oil, gasoline and diesel cost very little at the pump, often even less than it costs to pump, refine and transport the oil. In European countries such as Germany, France and Italy, the price of a litre of petrol is close to the efficient price, and sometimes even slightly above it.

But for coal and gas, the European countries also fail to achieve the efficient price. However, the largest subsidies are awarded in non-Western countries. Indonesia, Turkey and China would have to multiply the price of coal or gas to arrive at an efficient price.

Europe is still a relatively good student, the IMF notes. The EU accounts for 310 billion of the total amount. That is less than India or Russia. The US comes out at 760 billion. By far the largest subsidy provider is China, with USD 2,200 billion.

Less than the Netherlands, more than Denmark

The IMF has performed calculations for 170 individual countries. So also for Belgium. The explicit subsidies (direct interventions in the selling price) mainly concern the gas market. Last year it was 4.1 billion dollars (3.8 billion euros). Implicit subsidies (including reduced taxes, but also climate and pollution costs that have not been taken into account) are particularly relevant for diesel: 4.6 billion euros. The implicit subsidies total 8.9 billion euros. Less than the Netherlands (13.9 billion euros), but more than Denmark (2.2 billion).

For Germany, the IMF has also calculated what the effect of an optimal fuel price reform would be. If all fossil fuels were sold at “efficient” prices, it would cost $12 billion but generate $18 billion in environmental benefits. There would be 20 percent fewer deaths from air pollution, and 15 percent fewer greenhouse gases.

Source

Ruben Mooijman, Megasubsidies voor fossiele brandstoffen, in: De Standaard, 25-08-2023, https://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20230824_96591052

[1] This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect supply and environmental costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by charging below efficient fuel prices. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $7 trillion in 2022 or 7.1 percent of GDP. Explicit subsidies (undercharging for supply costs) have more than doubled since 2020 but are still only 18 percent of the total subsidy, while nearly 60 percent is due to undercharging for global warming and local air pollution. Differences between efficient prices and retail fuel prices are large and pervasive, for example, 80 percent of global coal consumption was priced at below half of its efficient level in 2022. Full fossil fuel price reform would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions to an estimated 43 percent below baseline levels in 2030 (in line with keeping global warming to 1.5-2oC), while raising revenues worth 3.6 percent of global GDP and preventing 1.6 million local air pollution deaths per year. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 170 countries. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2023/08/22/IMF-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-Data-2023-Update-537281#:~:text=Globally%2C%20fossil%20fuel%20subsidies%20were,warming%20and%20local%20air%20pollution.

[vistaswm22]

Italian Bond

Europe, in general, is facing one of the toughest times of its history, EUR/USD has crashed to parity for the very first time in history, and the current macro-economic scenario has made the situation worst for Europe. Investor bets against Italy's government bond market are at their highest since 2008, data from S&P Global Market Intelligence suggests, in a sign of growing unease about Italy's economic and political outlook. The amount of Italian debt on loans to investors rose to as high as 39.2 billion euros ($39 billion) at the start of August, the most since January 2008, S&P Global Market Intelligence data showed. That suggests a build-up of short-positions - bets that the price of an asset will weaken - in Italy's bond market, which is the biggest in terms of outstanding debt in the euro area. One way for investors to short an issuer's debt is to borrow it, then sell the debt with the expectation that the price will fall before the investor has to buy the debt back. Bond yields move inversely with prices. Uncertainty around what Italy's government will look like after elections in September means investors are nervous.

Task in Hand:

As a bureaucrat to the Italian Government, you are required to advise the current government on policies to revive the economy.

Deliverables:

1. Country profile.

2. Historical analysis.

3. Comparison of US bonds versus Italian bonds.

4. Strategies to revive the Italian economy.

5. Strategies to revive Euro/USD.

6. Strategies to reduce government debt.

7. Strategies to improve the current macro-economics.

8. Strategies to improve the bond market.

9. Revenue estimation post policies for the next 5 years.

10.  Strategies to reduce shorts in bonds.

11.  New sources of revenues.

12.  Debt reduction strategies.

13.  Introduction of new structural reforms.

14.  GDP forecast for the next 5 Years.

15.  Press Release regarding the Yield curve inversion.

16.  Detailed overall budget.

Submission Details:

A presentation of not more than 12 slides, an excel sheet and a report of not less than 20 pages.

You are required to mail your submissions to vistaswm22@gmail.com by 5:30 AM, 29th September 2022.

[kolinlukasdeshazo]

Bitcoin is now the 6th largest world currency — Arkansas Crypto

At its current market cap, Bitcoin has a money supply worth more than 170 different fiat currencies.

In brief

After more than a decade of growth, Bitcoin now ranks among the ten largest world currencies.

Bitcoin currently occupies the position of sixth-largest world currency but reached as high as fifth place in 2017.

The USD, EUR, CNY, JPY, and INR are the only world currencies with a larger money supply than Bitcoin.

Since its creation just over a decade ago, Bitcoin (BTC) has seen its price climb from practically nothing, up to its current value of over $11,300.

In that time, the market capitalization of Bitcoin — defined as its circulating supply multiplied by the value of each unit — has skyrocketed to reach more than $200 billion, making Bitcoin not only the largest cryptocurrency ever to exist but also larger than many fiat currencies.

Although Bitcoin and fiat currencies aren’t exactly equivalent in terms of how the circulating value is calculated, we can roughly estimate where Bitcoin sits in the world currency rankings by comparing its market capitalization to the M0 money supply of fiat currencies.

The M0 figure represents the total value of all the banknotes, coins, and other money substitutes that can be easily converted into cash. The M0 value is also commonly known as “narrow money.”

Where Bitcoin fits into the world currency rankings

The US dollar (USD) is currently by far the largest fiat currency by circulating supply. According to the US Federal Reserve, there is $1.95 trillion worth of Federal Reserve notes and coins in circulation — more than three-quarters of which is made up of $100 and $20 bills.

Next up is the Euro (EUR) — a relatively new currency that first launched in 2002 and is now used throughout much of Europe and by most EU member states.

<< Video on History of Euro Notes >>

Just Click

Like the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank maintains an up to date reference for the amount of EUR banknotes and coins it enters into circulation. According to the official statistics, there was just a shy of 1.38 trillion euros in circulation as of the latest update (July 2020). This has ballooned more than threefold since the euro first launched, and the total value is mostly made up of €20 and €50 notes.

The Chinese Yuan (CNY) is the world’s third most valuable currency. As per data from TradingEconomics, there are around 8 trillion CNY in circulation, with an equivalent value of $1.15 trillion. The Japanese yen (JPY) isn’t far behind in fourth place with 106 trillion circulating JPY notes and coins as of July 2020, or just north of $1 trillion when measured against the dollar.

The US dollar, euro, Chinese yuan, and Japanese yen are the only fiat currencies with a total M0 capitalization of over $1 trillion. The fifth-largest currency by circulating supply is the Indian rupee (INR), which has more than 31 trillion INR in notes in circulation currently, currently worth just north of $425 billion.

Last, but by no means least, Bitcoin (BTC) currently occupies the position of sixth-largest currency by circulating supply, narrowly edging out the Russian ruble (RUB) to secure its position.

Bitcoin currently has 18.48 million units in circulation, each worth $11,722 at today’s value. This places Bitcoin’s M0 cap at $216.5 billion, making it around half the size of the Indian rupee and just over one-tenth the size of the US dollar. At its current market cap, Bitcoin has a money supply worth more than 170 different fiat currencies.

At its absolute peak, Bitcoin achieved a market capitalization of close to $330 billion. At the time, this would have made Bitcoin the fifth largest world currency.

[payenium]

What are the most traded currencies in the world?

1. US dollar (USD) 44.15% 2. Euro (EUR) 16.14% 3. Japanese yen (JPY) 8.4% 4. Pound sterling (GBP) 6.4% 5. Australian dollar (AUD) 3.38% 6. Canadian dollar (CAD) 2.52% 7. Swiss franc (CHF) 2.48% 8. Chinese renminbi (CNH) 2.16% 9. Hong Kong dollar (HKD) 1.77% 10. New Zealand dollar (NZD) 1.04%

1. US dollar (USD) Issued by the Federal Reserve (Fed), the US dollar is the official currency of the United States. It is the number one most traded currency globally, accounting for a daily average volume of US$2.9 trillion.

2. Euro (EUR) The euro is the official currency of the European Union (EU) and the second most traded globally, accounting for a daily average volume of nearly US$1.1 trillion. It is issued by the European Central Bank (ECB).

3. Japanese yen (JPY) The Japanese yen is the official currency of Japan and the third most traded globally, accounting for a daily average volume of US$554 billion. It is also the third biggest reserve currency – estimated to make up around 4.9% of global currency reserves. It is issued by the Bank of Japan (BoJ).

4. The pound sterling (GBP) The pound sterling is the official currency of the United Kingdom and its territories, and the fourth most traded globally at a daily average volume of nearly US$422 billion.1 It is also the fourth biggest reserve currency – estimated to account for 4.5% of global reserves by value.

5. Australian dollar (AUD) The Australian dollar is the official currency of the Commonwealth of Australia and the fifth most traded globally, accounting for a daily average volume of US$223 billion. The currency is the sixth most commonly held reserve currency – estimated to account for 1.8% of global reserves by value. It is issued by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)

6. Canadian dollar (CAD) The Canadian dollar is the official currency of Canada and the sixth most traded globally, accounting for a daily average volume of US$166 billion. The currency is the fifth most commonly held reserve currency, at 2.02% of global reserves by value. It is issued by the Bank of Canada (BoC).

7. Swiss franc (CHF) The Swiss franc is the official currency of Switzerland and the seventh most traded globally, accounting for a daily average volume of US$164 billion. It is also the eighth most commonly held reserve currency, at 0.18% of global reserves by value. It is issued by the Swiss National Bank (SNB).

8. Chinese renminbi (CNH) The Chinese renminbi – sometimes referred to colloquially as the ‘yuan’ – is the official currency of the People’s Republic of China and the eighth most traded globally, accounting for a daily average volume of US$142 billion. Despite being an emerging market currency , it is also the seventh most held reserve currency – estimated to account for 1.23% of global reserves. It is issued by the People’s Bank of China (PBoC).

9. Hong Kong dollar (HKD) The Hong Kong dollar is the official currency of Hong Kong and the ninth most traded globally, accounting for a daily average volume of US$117 billion. Unlike many of the other currencies on this list, HKD is not a major reserve currency.

10. New Zealand dollar (NZD) The New Zealand dollar is the official currency of New Zealand and the tenth most traded globally, accounting for a daily average volume of US$68 billion. Like the krona, it is not a major reserve currency. It is issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand.

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Honeycomb core material Market

In this blog post:

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Meaning of Honeycomb core materials

1.3 Honeycomb core materials market overview

1.4 Honeycomb Core Materials Companies:

1.1 Introduction

The rising interest for lightweight substances in various end-client businesses, for instance, barrier, aviation, and marine enterprises is majorly powering the interest for honeycomb core materials. Weight is the most essential factor in the outline and fabricate of heavier-than-air devices; researchers and specialists have been endeavoring persistently to improve lift-to-weight ratio. Aviation is dependent upon to be the biggest market for honeycomb core materials in the middle of to predicted period, creditable to the application for lightweight substances in aviation section. Core materials claimed to have a huge part in weight drop in both auxiliary segments and applications in flying devices. The global airplane business is growing, the same number of countries have extended interests in latest innovations.

The honeycomb core materials market can be divided by end-use industry and product type. The product type segment includes Nomex, paper, thermoplastic, aluminum, and others. The paper section, in terms of volume, led the global honeycomb core materials market. Paper honeycomb cores are discovering applications in the automotive, furniture, and packaging sector. The product employed in the furniture sector as an insert in furniture panels lowers the assembly’s entire weight. Moreover, in packaging segment, paper honeycomb cores are used in different packaging elements to offer enhanced protection to industrial equipment and household appliances, and other fragile goods while transportation.

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1.2 Meaning of Honeycomb core materials:

A honeycomb shaped structure provides a material with minimal density and relative high out-of-plane compression properties and out-of-plane shear properties. Man-made honeycomb structural materials are commonly made by layering a honeycomb material between two thin layers that provide strength in tension.

Honeycomb sandwich panels consist of honeycomb core made of either metal or thin paper like materials

Composite honeycomb materials are widely used as construction ... Very similar results can be obtained using different composite honeycomb core precursors.

1.3 Honeycomb core materials market overview:

Honeycomb Core Materials Market applies the most effective of each primary and secondary analysis to weighs upon the competitive landscape and also the outstanding market players expected to dominate Honeycomb Core Materials Market place for the forecast 2020– 2025.

Increasing requirement for fuel-efficient & lightweight cars is powering automotive manufacturers to use newer substances with high strength & lightweight properties. Honeycomb cores allow the firms to lower the weight considerably of the car without negotiating on the strength.

Honeycomb Core Materials Market size was valued at USD 1.87 Billion in 2016 and is projected to reach USD 3.21 Billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 9.5% between 2017 and 2022. The increasing demand for lightweight, high strength, and environment-friendly packaging solutions is driving the growth of the honeycomb core materials market across the globe. The manufacturers of honeycomb core materials are entering into supply agreements with other companies, developing new products, and acquiring smaller companies to expand their presence and secure their position in the honeycomb core materials market, globally

Increasing product usage in the manufacturing of honeycomb sandwich structured panels is predicted to power the market growth over the coming period. Honeycomb core sandwich structured panels show structural strength and tremendous compression and have surfaced as an effectual lightweight option to wood panels, plywood, and aluminum sheets. Increasing requirement for fuel-efficient & lightweight cars is powering automotive manufacturers to use newer substances with high strength & lightweight properties. Honeycomb cores allow the firms to lower the weight considerably of the car without negotiating on the strength. The product is being used to create a series of automotive parts comprising floors, interior body panels, diffusers, chassis components, and spoilers.

The construction & building industry is creating a healthy requirement for honeycomb core materials. The product is discovering increasing acceptance as a supporting material to offer a stiff, flat, and stable structure stone, glass, metal, and other such decorative surfaces. Moreover, the product is being employed as a part in a series of applications such as ceilings, wall cladding, and canopies, and other interiors substances to lower the weight of the entire structure.

The Europe Is Predicted To Be The Biggest Consumer For The Honeycomb Core Materials Market

The Europe is predicted to be the biggest consumer for the honeycomb core materials market, with a huge requirement from by well-established automotive and aerospace sector in the area. Defense Company and Airbus SE area seeing a steady inflow order from Middle East-based and Asian airlines. Moreover, the area is at the vanguard in requirement for lightweight fuel-efficient vehicles. Accordingly, the area is predicted to dominate the

requirement for honeycomb core materials over the forecast period.

Market by Regional Analysis

North America (USA, Canada, Mexico), Europe (UK, France, Germany, Russia, Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, South Korea, India, Japan, Rest of Asia-Pacific), LAMEA, Latin America, Middle East, Africa

Honeycomb Core Materials Companies:

The major players included in the global honeycomb core materials market forecast are,

2 Toray TCAC Holding B.V.

3 DuPont

4 Euro-Composites

5 Hexcel Corporation

6 EconCore N.V.

7 Argosy International Inc

8 Honicel Group

9 others

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EUR/USD Forecast Feb. 18-22 – Soft German and eurozone data weighing on euro

EUR/USD[1] lost ground last week, and closed below the 1.13 line for the first time since June 2017. It’s a busy week, with Germany release CPI and GDP reports. We’ll also get a look at German and  eurozone PMIs. Here is an outlook for the highlights of this week and an updated technical analysis for EUR/USD.

German Preliminary GDP came in at a flat 0.0%, pointing to stagnation in the eurozone’s largest economy. Eurozone Flash GDP posted a modest gain of 0.2%. In the U.S., consumer data was disappointing. Inflation levels remained weak and retail sales and core retail sales both recorded sharp declines.

Risk appetite improved last week, but the euro couldn’t take advantage. There was positive news on two fronts which cheered investors and sent equity markets higher. In the U.S., lawmakers agreed on a proposal which will avert another government shutdown, and Trump agreed to the deal. However, Trump has said he will declare a national emergency in order to secure funding for the wall, which could lead to fireworks on Capitol Hill.

On the trade front, China and the U.S. completed a third round of talks last week, with U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin calling the negotiations “productive”. The key question is whether President Trump will suspend the March 1 deadline to impose new tariffs on China. The U.S. has threatened to raise tariffs on some $200 billion of Chinese goods from 10% to 25%, but Trump has said he could let the deadline pass if there is progress in the talks.

EUR/USD daily chart with support and resistance lines on it. Click to enlarge:

Current Account: Tuesday, 9:00. The eurozone surplus narrowed to EUR 20.3 billion in November, short of expectations. Will the indicator bounce back in December?

German ZEW Economic Sentiment: Tuesday, 10:00. Investors and analysts remain pessimistic about the economic outlook for Germany, although the readings have improved. The January score came in at 15.0 and the forecast for February stands at -14.1 points. It’s been a similar trend for the eurozone indicator, which came in at -20.9 in January, and is projected to improve to -18.2 points in February.

German PPI: Wednesday, 7:00. Producer Prices feed into consumer ones. PPI posted a rare decline in December, with a reading of -0.4%. Another decline is forecast for January, with an estimate of -0.2%.

German Final CPI: Thursday, 7:00. Inflation levels have been weak, pointing to softer economic activity in the eurozone’s largest economy. The preliminary release of German inflation came in at -0.8%, and no change is expected in the final release.

French Final CPI: Thursday, 7:45. French inflation came in at -0.5% in the preliminary release, and no change is expected in the revised release.

Flash PMIs : Friday, 8:15 for France, 8:30 for Germany, and 9:00 for the euro-zone. Markit’s forward-looking surveys for January pointed to softer manufacturing activity in Germany and the eurozone, as weaker a weaker global economy has meant less demand for European exports. Still, the French release improved. German services PMI expanded, but the eurozone and French indicators fell, as the services sector is also under pressure.

ECB Monetary Policy Meeting Accounts: Thursday, 12:30. The minutes provide a detailed record of the January policy meeting. Investors will be looking for hints regarding the timeframe for a rate hike by the ECB.

German Final GDP: Friday, 7:00. German revised GDP reading is expected in at 0.0%, unchanged from the preliminary release earlier in the month. The stagnation in the German economy is worrisome and could impact on the euro.

German Ifo Business Climate: Friday, 9:00. Business confidence has slowed for five successive months, as the business sector grows more concerned about the outlook for the German economy. The indicator is expected to tick down to 99.0 points in February.

Eurozone CPI Data: Friday, 14:00. Final CPI has been dropping in the fourth quarter and is expected to slow in January, with an estimate of 1.4%. Final Core CPI has recorded two successive gains of 1.0%, and is forecast to edge upwards to 1.1% in January.

* All times are GMT

EUR/USD Technical Analysis

Euro/dollar showed considerable movement in both directions, but was unable to establish any momentum and ended the week with slight losses.

Technical lines from top to bottom:

1.1620 was a peak in the autumn. 1.1570 is next.

1.1515 was a high point at the end of January. 1.1435 was a low point at the beginning of February.

1.1390 was a stepping stone on the way up in late January and capped EUR/USD earlier. 1.1345 was a swing low in mid-January.

1.1290 was a low point around the same period of time. 1.1270 was a double-bottom in December 2018 and the 2018 low of 1.1215 is next.

This is followed by 1.1119. The final support level for now is 1.1046.

I remain bearish on EUR/USD

The German and eurozone economies are in slowdown mode, as inflation, GDP and manufacturing data continue to struggle. If there is a breakthrough in the conflict between the U.S. and China, sentiment could improve for the euro. In the meantime, however, the dollar remains a market favorite and the euro could face further headwinds.

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Further reading:

Safe trading!

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References

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[bitcofun]

This is a viewpoint editorial by Luke Mikic, an author, podcast host and macro expert. This is the 2nd part in a two-part series about the Dollar Milkshake Theory and the natural development of this to the "Bitcoin Milkshake." In this piece, we'll check out where bitcoin suits an international sovereign financial obligation crisis. The Bitcoin Milkshake Theory Most individuals think the money making of bitcoin will most harm the United States as it's the nation with the present worldwide reserve currency. I disagree. The money making of bitcoin advantages one country disproportionally more than any other nation. Like it, invite it or prohibit it, the U.S. is the nation that will benefit most from the money making of bitcoin. Bitcoin will assist to extend the life of the USD longer than lots of can conceive and this short article describes why. If we progress on the presumption that the Dollar Milkshake Thesis continues to annihilate weaker currencies around the globe, these nations will have a choice to make when their currency goes through run-away inflation. A few of these nations will be required to dollarize, like the more than 65 nations that are either dollarized or have their regional currency pegged to the U.S. dollar. Some might pick to embrace a quasi-gold requirement like Russia just recently has. Some might even pick to embrace the Chinese yuan or the euro as their regional legal tender and system of account. Some areas might copy what the shadow federal government of Myanmar have actually done and embrace the Tether stablecoin as legal tender. Most notably, some of these nations will embrace bitcoin. For the nations that might embrace bitcoin, it will be too unstable to make financial computations and utilize as a system of account when it's still so early in its adoption curve. Despite what the agreement story is surrounding those who state, "Bitcoin's volatility is reducing since the organizations have actually shown up," I highly think this is not a settled in truth. In a previous post composed in late 2021 examining bitcoin's adoption curve, I laid out why I think the volatility of bitcoin will continue to increase from here as it takes a trip through $500,000, $1 million and even $5 million per coin. I believe bitcoin will still be too unpredictable to utilize as a real system of account till it breaches 8 figures in today's dollars-- or as soon as it soaks up 30% of the world's wealth. For this factor, I think the nations who will embrace bitcoin, will likewise be required to embrace the U.S. dollar particularly as a system of account. Countries embracing a bitcoin requirement will be a Trojan horse for ongoing worldwide dollar supremacy. Put aside your viewpoints on whether stablecoins are shitcoins for simply a 2nd. With current advancements, such as Taro bringing stablecoins to the Lightning Network, envision the possibility of moving stablecoins around the globe, quickly and for almost no charges. The Federal Reserve of Cleveland appears to be paying very close attention to these advancements, as they just recently released a paper entitled, " The Lightning Network: Turning Bitcoin Into Money" Zooming out, we can see that given that March 2020, the stablecoin supply has actually grown from under $5 billion to over $150 billion. What I discover most intriguing is not the rate of development of stablecoins, however which stablecoins are growing the fastest. After the current Terra/LUNA fiasco, capital left from what's viewed to be more "dangerous" stablecoins like tether, to more "safe" ones like USDC. This is due to the fact that USDC is 100% backed by money and short-term financial obligation BlackRock is the world's biggest property supervisor and just recently headlined a $440 million fundraising round by purchasing Circle. It wasn't simply a financing round; BlackRock is going to be acting as the main property supervisor for USDC and their treasury reserves, which is now almost $50 billion.

The previously mentioned Tether seems following in the steps of USDC. Tether has actually long been slammed for its opaqueness and the reality it's backed by dangerous industrial paper. Tether has actually been deemed the uncontrolled overseas U.S. dollar stablecoin. That being stated, Tether offered their riskier business paper for more beautiful U.S. federal government financial obligation. They likewise accepted go through a complete audit to enhance openness. If Tether is real to their word and continues to back USDT with U.S. federal government financial obligation, we might see a situation in the future where 80% of the overall stablecoin market is backed by U.S. federal government financial obligation. Another stablecoin provider, MakerDao, likewise capitulated today, purchasing $500 million federal government bonds for its treasury. It was vital that the U.S. dollar was the primary denomination for bitcoin throughout the very first 13 years of its life throughout which 85% of the bitcoin supply had actually been launched. Network results are tough to alter, and the U.S. dollar stands to benefit most from the expansion of the total "crypto" market. This Bretton Woods III structure properly explains the problem dealing with the United States: The nation requires to discover somebody to purchase their financial obligation. Numerous dollar doomsayers presume the Fed will need to generate income from a great deal of the financial obligation. Others state that increased policies are on the method for the U.S. business banking system, which was managed to hold more Treasurys in the 2013-2014 period, as nations like Russia and China started divesting and slowing their purchases. What if a multiplying stablecoin market, backed by federal government financial obligation, can assist soak up that lost need for U.S. Treasurys? Is this how the U.S. discovers an option to the relaxing petrodollar system? Interestingly, the U.S. requires to discover a service to its financial obligation issues, and quickly. Countries worldwide are racing to leave the dollar-centric petrodollar system that the U.S. for years has actually had the ability to weaponize to entrench its hegemony. The BRICS countries have actually revealed their objectives to produce a brand-new reserve currency and there are a host of other nations, such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey and Argentina that are using to end up being a part of this BRICS collaboration To make matters worse, the United States has $9 trillion of financial obligation that grows in the next 24 months. Who is now going to purchase all that financial obligation? The U.S. is as soon as again backed into a corner like it remained in the 1970 s. How does the nation secure its almost 100- year hegemony as the worldwide reserve currency company, and 250- year hegemony as the world's dominant empire? Currency Wars And Economic Wild Cards This is where the thesis ends up being a lot more speculative. Why is the Fed continuing to strongly raise rates of interest, bankrupting its expected allies like Europe and Japan, while relatively sending out the world into a worldwide anxiety? "To battle inflation," is what we're informed. Let's check out an option, possible reason the Fed might be raising rates so strongly. What alternatives does the U.S. need to protect its hegemony? In a world presently under a hot war, would it appear so improbable to hypothesize that we could be getting in a financial cold war? A war of reserve banks, if you will? Have we forgotten the "weapons of mass damage?" Have we forgotten what we did to Libya and Iraq for trying to path around the petrodollar system and stop utilizing the U.S. dollar in the early 2000 s? Until 6 months earlier, my base case was that the Fed and reserve banks around the world would act in unison, pinning rates of interest low and utilize the " monetary repression sandwich" to pump up away the world's huge and unsustainable 400% debt-to-GDP ratio. I anticipated them to follow the financial plans set out by 2 financial white documents.

The very first one released by the IMF in 2011 entitled, " The Liquidation Of Government Debt" and after that the 2nd paper released by BlackRock in 2019 entitled, " Dealing With The Next Downturn" I likewise anticipated all the reserve banks to operate in tandem to approach executing reserve bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and collaborating to carry out the "Great Reset." When the information modifications, I alter my viewpoints. Because the creepingly collaborated policies from federal governments and reserve banks worldwide in early 2020, I believe some nations are not so lined up as they when were. Until late 2021, I held a strong view that it was mathematically difficult for the U.S. to raise rates-- like Paul Volcker performed in the 1970 s-- at this phase of the long-lasting financial obligation cycle without crashing the worldwide financial obligation market. Debt held by the public is almost as high as times throughout WWII But, what if the Fed wishes to crash the worldwide financial obligation markets? What if the U.S. acknowledges that a strengthening dollar triggers more discomfort for its worldwide rivals than on their own? What if the U.S. acknowledges that they would be the last domino left standing in a waterfall of sovereign defaults? Would collapsing the international financial obligation markets cause hyperdollarization? Is this the only financial wild card the U.S. has up its sleeve to lengthen its reign as the dominant international hegemon? While everybody is awaiting the Fed pivot, I believe the most essential pivot has actually currently taken place: the Dalio pivot. As a Ray Dalio disciple, I've constructed my whole macroeconomic structure on the concept that "money is garbage." I think that mantra still applies for anybody utilizing any other fiat currency, however has Dalio came across some brand-new details about the USD that has altered his mind? Dalio composed an incredible book " The Changing World Order: Why Nations Succeed or Fail" that information how wars happen when international empires clash. Has he concluded that the United States could be ready to weaponize the dollar, making it not so trashy? Has he concluded that the U.S. isn't going to voluntarily enable China to be the world's next increasing empire like he when announced? Would the U.S. strongly raising rates result in a capital flight to the U.S., a nation that has a relatively much healthier banking system than its rivals in China, Japan and Europe? Do we have any proof for this extravagant left-field, theoretical situation? Let's likewise not forget, this is not simply a race with the United States versus China. The second-most utilized foreign currency on the planet-- the euro-- most likely would not mind getting power from a decreasing U.S. empire. We need to ask the concern, why is Jerome Powell declining to line up financial policies with among our closest allies in Europe? In this illuminating 2021 webinar, at the Green Swan main banking conference, Powell blatantly declined to support the "green main banking" policies that were talked about. This noticeably irritated Christine Lagarde, head of the European Central Bank, who was like wise part of the occasion. Some of the quotes from Powell because interview are illuminating. Is this an indication the U.S. is no longer a fan of the Great Reset ideologies coming out of Europe? Why is the Fed likewise neglecting the United Nations pleading them to lower rates? We can hypothesize about what Powell's intents might be all the time, however I choose to take a look at information. Given that Powell's preliminary heated argument with Lagarde and the Fed's subsequent rate boost on the reverse repo days after, the dollar has actually annihilated the euro. Reverse repo rates at first increased on May 31, 2022 In April 2022, Powell was dragged into another " argument" with Lagarde, led by the head of the IMF. Powell declared his position on environment modification and main banking.

The plot thickens when we think about the ramifications of the LIBOR and SOFR rate of interest shift that happened at the start of2022 Will this rates of interest modification allow the Fed to trek rates of interest and insulate the banking system from the contagion that'll take place from a wave of worldwide financial obligation defaults in the broader eurodollar market? I do believe it's fascinating that by some metrics the U.S. banking system is revealing relatively less indications of tension than in Europe or the remainder of the world, verifying the thesis that SOFR is insulating the U.S. to a degree. A New Reserve Asset Whether the U.S. is at war with other reserve banks or not does not alter the reality that the nation requires a brand-new neutral reserve property to back the dollar. Producing an international deflationary bust, and weaponizing the dollar is just a short-term play Scooping up properties on the inexpensive and weaponizing the dollar will just require dollarization in the short-term. The BRICS countries and others that are disappointed with the SWIFT-centered monetary system will continue to de-dollarize and attempt to develop an option to the dollar. The international reserve currency has actually been informally backed by the U.S. Treasury note for the past 50 years, because Nixon closed the gold window in1971 In times of threat, individuals go to the reserve possession as a method to obtain dollars. For the past 50 years, when equities sell, financiers left to the "security" of bonds which would value in "run the risk of off" environments. This vibrant developed the structure of the notorious 60/40 portfolio-- till this trade eventually broke in March 2020 when the Treasury market ended up being illiquid. As we shift into the Bretton Woods III period, the Triffin predicament is lastly ending up being illogical. The U.S. requires to discover something to back the dollar with. I discover it not likely that they will back the dollar with gold. This would be playing into the hands of Russia and China who have far bigger gold reserves. This leaves the U.S. with their backs versus a wall. Faith is being lost in the dollar and they would undoubtedly wish to maintain their worldwide reserve currency status. The last time the U.S. remained in a likewise susceptible position remained in the 1970 s with high inflation. It appeared like the dollar would stop working till the U.S. efficiently pegged the dollar to oil through the petrodollar contract with the Saudis in 1973. The nation is confronted with a comparable dilemma today however with a various set of variables. They no longer have the choice of backing the dollar with oil or gold. Enter Bitcoin! Bitcoin can support the dollar and even extend its worldwide reserve currency status for a lot longer than lots of people anticipate! Most notably, bitcoin provides the U.S. the something it requires for the 21 st-century financial wars: trust. Countries might rely on a gold-backed (petro-) ruble/yuan more than a dollar backed by useless paper. A bitcoin-backed dollar is far more reliable than a gold-backed (petro-) ruble/yuan. As discussed previously, the money making of bitcoin not just assists the U.S. financially, however it likewise straight injures our financial rivals, China and to a lower degree, Europe-- our expected ally. Will the U.S. understand that backing the dollar with energy straight harms China and Europe? China and Europe are both dealing with substantial energy-related headwinds and have actually both infamously prohibited Bitcoin's proof-of-work mining. I made the case that the energy crisis in China was the genuine factor China prohibited bitcoin mining in2021 Today, as we shift into the digital age, I think a basic shift is coming: For countless years, cash has actually been backed by trust and gold, and safeguarded by ships. In this millennium, cash will now be backed by file encryption and mathematics, and secured by chips. If you will permit me to as soon as again take part in some speculation, I think the U.

S. comprehends this truth, and is getting ready for a deglobalized world in various methods. The U.S. seems the Western country taking the friendliest method to Bitcoin. We have senators all throughout the U.S. tripping over themselves to make their states Bitcoin centers by enacting friendly guideline for mining. The excellent hash migration of 2021 has actually seen the lion's share of the Chinese hash being moved to the U.S., which now houses over 35% of the world's hash rate. Recent sanctions on Russian miners might just even more accelerate this hash migration. Apart from some sound in New York, and the postponed area ETF choice, the U.S. looks as though it's accepting bitcoin. In this video, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen speaks about Satoshi Nakamoto's development. The SEC Chair Gary Gensler constantly separates Bitcoin from "crypto" and has actually likewise applauded Satoshi Nakamoto's creation. ExxonMobil is the biggest oil business in the U.S. and revealed it was utilizing bitcoin mining to offset its carbon emissions. Then there's the concern, why has Michael Saylor been enabled to wage a speculative attack on the dollar to purchase bitcoin? Why is the Fed launching tools highlighting how to price eggs(and other items) in bitcoin terms? If the U.S. was so opposed to prohibiting bitcoin, why has all of this been allowed the nation? We're transitioning from an oil-backed dollar to a bitcoin-backed dollar reserve property. Crypto-eurodollars, aka stablecoins backed by U.S. financial obligation, will offer the bridge in between the existing energy-backed dollar system and this brand-new energy-backed bitcoin/dollar system. I discover it very poetic that the nation based on the ideology of flexibility and self-sovereignty seems placing itself to be the one that the majority of makes the most of this technological development. The bitcoin-backed dollar is the only option to an increasing Chinese risk placing for the international reserve currency. Yes, the United States has actually devoted lots of atrocities, I 'd argue that sometimes they've been guilty of abusing their power as the worldwide hegemon. In a world that's being quickly taken in by ramped totalitarianism, what takes place if the magnificent U.S. experiment stops working? What occurs to our civilization if we permit a social-credit-scoring Chinese empire to increase and export its CBDC-backed digital panopticon to the world? I was as soon as among these individuals cheering for the death of the U.S. empire, however I now fear the survival of our extremely civilization depends on the survival of the nation that was initially based on the concepts of life, liberty and home. Conclusions Zooming out, I wait my initial thesis that we remain in a brand-new financial order by the end of the years. The occasions of the previous months have actually definitely sped up that already-rapid 2030 timeline. I likewise wait my initial thesis from the 2021 short article surrounding how bitcoin's adoption curve unfolds due to the fact that of how damaged the present financial routine is. I think 2020 was the financial inflection point that will be the driver that takes bitcoin from 3.9% worldwide adoption to 90% adoption this years. This is what crossing the gorge involves for all transformative innovations that reach mainstream penetration. There will nevertheless be numerous "confident minutes" along the method, like there remained in the German Weimar hyperinflationary occasion of the 1920 s. There will be dips and spikes in inflation, like there remained in the 1940 s throughout U.S. federal government deleveraging. Deglobalization will be the best scapegoat for what was constantly going to be a years of federal government financial obligation deleveraging. The financial contractions and convulsions are ending up being more regular and more violent with each drawdown we experience. I think most of fiat currencies remain in the 1917 phases of the Weimar devaluation.

This short article was really fixated nation-state adoption of bitcoin, however do not forget what's genuinely unfolding here. Bitcoin is a Trojan horse for liberty and self-sovereignty in the digital age. Surprisingly, I likewise feel that hyperdollarization will accelerate this tranquil transformation. Hyperinflation is the occasion that triggers individuals to do the work and learn more about cash. As soon as a lot of these power-hungry totalitarians are required to dollarize and no longer have the control of their regional cash printer, they might be more incentivized to take a bet on something like bitcoin. Some might even do it out of spite, not wishing to have their financial policy determined to them by the U.S. Money is the main tool utilized by states to exercise their autocratic, authoritarian powers. Bitcoin is the technological development that'll liquify the nation-state, and fracture the power the state has, by eliminating its monopoly on the cash supply. In the very same method the printing press fractured the power of the vibrant duo that was the church and state, bitcoin will separate cash from state for the very first time in 5,000+ years of financial history. So, to address the dollar doomsdayers, "Is the dollar going to pass away?" Yes! What will we see in the interim? De-dollarization? Perhaps on the margins, however I think we will see hyperdollarization followed by hyperbitcoinization. This is a visitor post by Luke Mikic. Viewpoints revealed are completely their own and do not always show those of BTC Inc or Bitcoin Magazine. Read More

[veworleaders]

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Most of the screen is devoted to your inbox, with a minimum of toolbar and other clutter. Gmail's stripped-back web interface is a highlight. It's priced from $8 per month per user (75$ yearly), which is reasonable if you need ProtonMail's security, although it's also notably more expensive than the business accounts of the big-name competition.įirst released back in 2004, Google's Gmail has become the market leader in free email services with more than a billion users across the globe.

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If you do need more, ProtonMail's $5 (you can choose to pay in USD, Euro and CHF) a month (or $48 yearly) Plus account gives you 5GB storage, a 1,000 message-per-day allowance, custom domains and support for folders, labels, filters as well as some addition features like contact groups.Ī further Professional plan brings more storage, email addresses and a second custom domain, as well as adding a catch-all email address and multi-user support. In reality, ProtonMail is a specialist tool which is intended for use alongside services like Gmail – not to replace them – and overall it performs its core tasks very well. Still, it seems a little unfair to complain about a service which is no-strings-attached free, and doesn't even show ads. And as the end-to-end encryption is specific to ProtonMail, emails sent to other email clients won't be encrypted (unless you use the Secure Message function to send a password-protected message). The free product has a tiny 500MB storage space, only supports sending 150 messages a day, and is distinctly short in terms of organizational tools (no folders, labels or smart filters).

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Paid users also have the Undo function and the import-export app which they can use to easily transfer emails between accounts or download messages to their device. In late April 2019, elliptic curve cryptography was introduced, which adds additional security and faster speeds.

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Also, address verification (which allows you to be sure you are securely communicating with the right person) and full support for PGP email encryption is available. You can sign up anonymously, there's no logging of IP addresses, and all your emails are end-to-end encrypted, which means there's no way ProtonMail (or anyone else) can read their contents. ProtonMail is a Swiss-based email service that focuses on privacy above all else. Gmail and other services might scan your messages to carry out useful actions (such as adding events to calendars), and just about everyone serves you with ads. Yahoo Mail asks for your name and mobile number, for instance. Signing up with an email provider will often involve some privacy compromises.

[young-lovable-huggable]

Do not panic | The rally in risk assets is for real

If you’re waiting for the next meltdown in U.S. stocks or in commodities, you may want to get over it.

After several false dawns following the global financial crisis, more investors are starting to believe the current rally in stocks, commodities and emerging markets could be a long-lasting one.

The S&P 500 closed above 1,400 points last week for the first time since the 2008 financial crisis. Investors piled into U.S. equity funds, with the biggest weekly inflows since mid-September.

“Is this risk rally for real? I think the answer to that question is yes, but it’s not a straight line up,” said Art Steinmetz, chief investment officer at Oppenheimer Funds in New York, managing more than USD 177 billion in assets.

Oppenheimer is currently betting on stocks tied to upswings in the economy, and is also overweight in riskier bond classes, he said.

Since its recent bottom in early October, the S&P index has jumped 30%. But for the first time since 2007, investors are not using the gains as an opportunity to take profits and run away. Instead, the rally has been slow and steady, and investors see the sustained improvement in the U.S. economy as a sign that demand has returned and that risky assets can support higher valuations.

“The prospects for future returns in equities relative to bonds are as good as they have been in a generation,” Goldman Sachs in a note Wednesday said. Dean Junkans, chief investment officer at Wells Fargo Advisors and Wells Fargo Private Bank, said individual investors have started wading back into higher-risk, higher-yield assets, including high-yield and emerging market funds.

“For the last five years, few people wanted to talk about a long-term plan,” said Junkans, who oversees USD 1.3 trillion in assets. Instead, investors had preferred the safety of low-yielding Treasury bills and money market funds.

“Now I’d say they are dipping their toes back into the market,” he said, citing demand for high-dividend-yield stocks, high-yield corporate debt, and emerging market fixed income.

How risky assets have performed

Last year was one for the risk-averse: U.S. government bonds were the best-performing asset class. This year has been the reverse.

The S&P is already up 11% in 2012. The Thomson Reuters-Jefferies commodity index has gained 2.4% so far in 2012 after losing more than 8% last year. Long-dated U.S. Treasuries prices, meanwhile, are down 7.3% this year, according to Barclays Capital.

The euro, at the epicenter of the financial crisis, is also up nearly 2% against the dollar in 2012 after losses of 3.2% in 2011.

“There has been very substantial progress in the euro zone the last couple of months,” said Thomas Stolper, chief currency strategist at Goldman Sachs in London. He expects the euro to hit USD 1.38 over the next six months and USD 1.45 by the end of 2012.

The euro zone’s general stability is reflected in currency options as well. Implied volatility has fallen to levels not seen since before the euro zone debt crisis, in large part because heavily indebted Greece finally agreed to a bailout plan and debt restructuring and the European Central Bank offered short-term loans to the region’s banks.

The high-yield debt market has risen more than 5% this year, according to Barclays Capital. Investors have flocked to junk bond ETFs, with the two largest junk-bond ETFs attracting nearly half of the USD 4.15 billion that flowed into U.S. fixed income in February.

Emerging markets have also become more popular: The Vanguard MSCI Emerging Markets ETF pulled in USD 2.5 billion while the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Index Fund hauled USD 1.5 billion, according to IndexUniverse, which tracks ETF performance.

Finding Comfort in risk

The U.S. stock market is a favorite of Scottish Widows Investment Partnership. The fund, which is based in Edinburgh and manages about USD 220 billion, has made U.S. stocks the biggest overweight sector in its portfolio.

“The recovery in the U.S. has been more robust than expected, and the rally in the U.S. is probably more durable,” said William Low, head of global equities at Scottish Widows. The firm has exposure to U.S. industrials, information technology, and the consumer discretionary sector.

A key measure of risk suggests more investors are becoming comfortable with equities as the rally has continued. The implied equity risk premium, which compares the market’s earnings yield a ratio of earnings to share price to the yield on risk-free government debt, is what investors are willing to pay to invest in stocks instead of bonds.

When it rises, it suggests investors want to be paid more to take on the risk of owning stocks. When it falls, it suggests more comfort with equities.

Over the last 10 years, risk premiums in both the United States and Europe have been rising. Premiums peaked in August 2011 and have since been declining, an indication that investors are more positive on the outlook for stocks.

The implied risk premium currently suggests another 10% to 15% in gains in the U.S. stock index this year, and for European equities, a further 6-8% rise.

Skepticism still out there

It is easy to be skeptical about this year’s gains. Risky assets have gone through a series of rallies that were undermined by worries, ranging from the euro zone’s debt crisis to the Japanese earthquake and sluggish performance from banks.

In Europe, while Greece has negotiated a bailout program and a debt restructuring agreement, investors question whether it will be the end of the region’s troubles. Other indebted nations like Spain and Portugal loom as problems for Europe’s banks.

Saber-rattling between Iran and Israel has boosted crude prices. Rising gasoline costs could pinch consumer budgets, and a greater conflict would add uncertainty to markets.

In addition, recent data has rekindled fears that the euro zone could fall back into recession. And signs of slowing growth in China could carry risks around the world, particularly commodities-rich countries from Latin America to Australia that have found a rich market in China for their goods.

This year’s strong rally has led some, like London-based hedge fund GLC, to reduce their exposure to risk after profiting from stock-market gains and successful bets against bonds.

Nonetheless, Steven Bell, director and portfolio manager for GLC, which has about USD 1 billion in assets under management, does not see a bear market coming. “We’re still on a positive track and in a bullish trend,” he said.

Other funds are taking advantage of low volatility to increase hedges against calamitous events. The CBOE Market Volatility Index, or VIX, Wall Street’s favored anxiety gauge, last week hit its lowest close since mid-2007, suggesting benign market conditions will continue.

But later-dated volatility futures contracts show increased concern that the market is starting to become complacent. Similarly, currency market investors are also hedging against unforeseen outcomes. The concern is that the euphoria will leave investors exposed to sudden, sharp declines.

Still, the market’s worries are less intense when compared with 2008, when Lehman Brothers collapsed, or the euro zone crisis that dominated 2011.

“Markets love a grizzly story,” said Simon Smollett, senior currency options strategist at Credit Agricole in London. “But there is no grizzly story. The bears have left the room.”

10 Factors That Affect And Predict Stock Prices