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cipherfacts-blog · 8 years ago

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Top facts about our solar system and planets, you are lucky to be living on earth

Do we know enough? our solar system is 7.5 Billion kilometers, each planet is with unbalanced atmosphere except Earth.

we just still know only 0.1% of our universe, it's so massive that our resources are just not enough. We are not able to travel to another universe which might be more mind blowing than earth. Our solar system includes below major planets so far we know about starting from least distance to the sun, as per the recent study by NASA we have two more new planets still research is ongoing. Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Distance from SUN, temperature & number of moons is as below Planet (or Dwarf Planet) Distance from the Sun (Astronomical Units miles km) Period of Revolution Around the Sun (1 planetary year) Period of Rotation (1 planetary day) Mass (kg) Diameter (miles km) Apparent size from Earth Temperature (K Range or Average) Number of Moons Mercury (0 Moon) 0.39 AU, 36 million miles 57.9 million km 87.96 Earth days 58.7 Earth days 3.3 x 1023 3,031 miles 4,878 km 5-13 arc seconds 100-700 K mean=452 K 0 Venus (0 Moon) 0.723 AU 67.2 million miles 108.2 million km 224.68 Earth days 243 Earth days 4.87 x 1024 7,521 miles 12,104 km 10-64 arc seconds 726 K 0 Earth (1 Moon) 1 AU 93 million miles 149.6 million km 365.26 days 24 hours 5.98 x 1024 7,926 miles 12,756 km Not Applicable 260-310 K 1 Mars (2 Moon) 1.524 AU 141.6 million miles 227.9 million km 686.98 Earth days 24.6 Earth hours =1.026 Earth days 6.42 x 1023 4,222 miles 6,787 km 4-25 arc seconds 150-310 K 2 Jupiter (18 Moon) 5.203 AU 483.6 million miles 778.3 million km 11.862 Earth years 9.84 Earth hours 1.90 x 1027 88,729 miles 142,796 km 31-48 arc seconds 120 K (cloud tops) 67 (18 named plus many smaller ones) Saturn (62 Moon) 9.539 AU 886.7 million miles 1,427.0 million km 29.456 Earth years 10.2 Earth hours 5.69 x 1026 74,600 miles 120,660 km 15-21 arc seconds excluding rings 88 K 62 (30 unnamed) Uranus (27 Moon) 19.18 AU 1,784.0 million miles 2,871.0 million km 84.07 Earth years 17.9 Earth hours 8.68 x 1025 32,600 miles 51,118 km 3-4 arc seconds 59 K 27 (6 unnamed) Neptune (13 Moon) 30.06 AU 2,794.4 million miles 4,497.1 million km 164.81 Earth years 19.1 Earth hours 1.02 x 1026 30,200 miles 48,600 km 2.5 arc seconds 48 K 13 Pluto (4 Moon) 39.53 AU 3,674.5 million miles 5,913 million km 247.7 years 6.39 Earth days 1.29 x 1022 1,413 miles 2,274 km 0.04 arc seconds 37 K 4 Planet (or Dwarf Planet) Distance from the Sun (Astronomical Units miles km) Period of Revolution Around the Sun (1 planetary year) Period of Rotation (1 planetary day) Mass (kg) Diameter (miles km) Apparent size from Earth Temperature (K Range or Average) Number of Moons Being at home yes Earth is the best, some planets climate is very harsh to live with. on the other hand, some can make you really rich think of it Must Read:The Earth would fit inside Jupiter more than 1000 times, Earth is so small

Facts about (Mercury)

Mercury has been known to humanity since ancient times and although its discovery date is unknown, the first mentions of the planet are believed to be around 3000 BC by the Sumerians. A year in Mercury is 88 days, yet a Mercury day is 176 Earth days. Mercury is nearly tidally locked to the Sun – also known as a gravitational lock – and over time this has slowed the rotation of the planet to almost match its orbit around the Sun. Mercury orbits so quickly around the Sun that early civilizations believed it was actually two different stars – one which appeared in the morning and another which appeared in the evening. Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system with a diameter of 4,879 km and is one of five planets that is visible to the naked eye. After the Earth, Mercury is the second densest planet. Despite its small size, Mercury is very dense because it is composed mainly of heavy metals and rock – the main characteristic of terrestrial planets. Mercury is named after the messenger of the Roman gods, who is also known as Hermes in Greek mythology. This is because of the speed in which Mercury orbits the Sun and the speed with which Mercury the Roman deity was able to deliver messages. Astronomers didn’t realize that Mercury was a planet until 1543 when Copernicus published his Sun-centered model of the Solar System – putting the Sun as the center of the solar system rather than the previously believed center, the Earth. The planet has just 38% of the gravity on Earth. This means that Mercury isn’t able to hold the atmosphere it has and it instead gets blown away by solar winds. However, those same solar winds are also bringing in new gasses, radioactive decay, and dust from micrometeorites – replenishing the atmosphere. Mercury has no moons or rings because of its low gravity and lack of atmosphere. It was once believed that a planet called Vulcan existed between the orbit of Mercury and the Sun – however, the existence of such a planet was never found. The orbit of Mercury is an ellipse rather than circular. It has the most eccentric orbit in the solar system and the least circular of all of the planets, according to scientists and astronomers. Mercury is only the second hottest planet.Venus, though farther from the Sun than Mercury, actually experiences higher temperatures. This is because Mercury has no atmosphere to regulate temperature and results in the most extreme temperature change of all the planets – ranging from -170°C (-280°F) during the night to 430°C (800°F) during the day. Mercury does not experience any seasons. The axis of Mercury has the smallest tilt of all other planets, and this results in a lack of seasons on its surface. Mercury is the only planet which doesn’t rotate exactly once every year – instead of rotating three times for every two orbits of the Sun. This is because it is nearly tidally locked to the Sun. The orbit of Mercury was important in proving Albert Einstein’s theory of General Relativity. Mercury has a large iron core that is around 40% of its volume (compared to a core volume of 17% for Earth) in its center whose radius is 1800 to 1900 kilometers (1100 to 1180 miles). Scientists believe the core of Mercury is probably molten. The outer shell of Mercury is only 500 to 600 kilometers (310 to 375 miles) thick. Earth’s outer shell (the mantle and crust) is 2930 kilometers (1819 miles) thick. Mercury has a very thin atmosphere, which is made up of atoms from the surface of the planet that have been blown away by solar winds. As Mercury is so hot, these atoms quickly escape into space and so its atmosphere is constantly being replenished. Mercury has a weak magnetic field whose strength is about 1% of the magnetic field on Earth. Only two spacecraft have ever visited Mercury. It is difficult to reach the planet due to its proximity to the Sun and any spacecraft visiting would need to travel 91 million kilometers into the Sun’s gravitational potential well. The Mariner 10 visited during 1974-75, flying by Mercury three times and mapping half its surface. On March 24, 1975, it ran out of fuel and is still believed to be orbiting the Sun. The MESSENGER probe was launched in 2004 to explore Mercury’s high density, its geological history, the nature of its magnetic field and more. Another mission, BepiColombo, is to be launched in 2015 by the European Space Agency and Japan is expected to reach Mercury in 2019. Mercury has more craters and impact marks that any other planet. The surface is similar to that of the Moon, as unlike most planets, Mercury isn’t geologically active and cannot “self-heal” from impacts with asteroids and comets. Most of the Mercurian craters are named after famous writers and artists. If a crater is larger than 250 km in diameter, it is known as a Basin. The largest Basin on Mercury, the Caloris Basin, is around 1,550 km in diameter and was discovered by the Mariner 10.

Facts about (Venus)

100%, not an option for us to visit very bad choice, unless we need sulfuric Acid Must Read:Two Sea side by side with different color and clear differentiation Venus is the second brightest natural object in the sky. The planet has an apparent magnitude of -3.8 to -4.6, which makes it visible on a bright, clear day. The Moon is the only other natural object that is brighter. Venus is sometimes referred to as the “morning star” and “evening star”. This dates back to ancient civilizations who believed that Venus was, in fact, two distinct stars appearing in the sky. When the orbit of Venus overtakes Earth’s orbit, it changes from being visible at sunrise to being visible at sunset. They were known as Phosphorus and Hesperus by the Greeks, and Lucifer and Vesper by the Romans. One day on Venus is longer than one year. Due to the slow rotation on its axis, it takes 243 Earth-days to complete one rotation. The orbit of the planet takes 225 Earth-days – making a year on Venus shorter on the day on Venus. Venus is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. This may be, in part, due to the brightness of the planet and may date back to the Babylonians in 1581 who referred to Venus as “bright queen of the sky”. Venus is sometimes called Earth’s sister planet. This is because their size is very similar (it is only a 638 km different in diameter) and Venus has around 81% of Earth’s mass. They are also similarly located with Venus being the closest planet to Earth. Both planets also have a central core, a molten mantle, and a crust. Venus has no moons nor rings. Billions of years ago, the climate of Venus may be similar to that of Earth and scientists believe that Venus once possessed large amounts of water or oceans. However, due to the high temperatures produce from the extreme greenhouse effect, this water boiled off long ago and the surface of the planet is now too hot and hostile to sustain life. Venus rotates in the opposite direction to other planets. Most other planets rotate counter-clockwise on their axis, however, Venus, like Uranus, rotates clockwise. This is known as a retrograde rotation and may have been caused by a collision with an asteroid or another object which caused the planet to change its rotational path. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system with an average surface temperature of 462°C (863°F). Also, Venus doesn’t tilt on its axis which means there are no seasons either. The atmosphere is a dense 96.5% carbon dioxide which traps heat and caused the greenhouse effect which evaporated any water sources billions of years ago. The temperature on Venus doesn’t vary much between the night and day. This is due to the slow movement of the solar winds across the surface of the planet. The estimated age of the Venusian surface is around 300-400 million years old. By comparison, the surface of the Earth is about 100 million years old. The atmospheric pressure of Venus is 92 times stronger than Earth’s. This means that any small asteroids entering the atmosphere of Venus are crushed by the immense pressure, which is why there are no small surface craters on the planet. This pressure is equivalent to being around 1,000 km under Earth’s oceans. Venus has a very weak magnetic field. This surprised scientists, who expected Venus to have a magnetic field similar in strength to Earth’s. One possible reason for this is that Venus has no solid inner core, or that its core is not cooling. Venus is the only planet in the Solar System to be named after a female figure. Venus orbits the sun in an ellipse, but its orbit is the closest to being a circle out of all the planets in the Solar System. Venus is the closest planet to Earth. When Venus is in line with Earth and the Sun, it is the closest planet to us, at an average distance of 41 million kilometers (25.5 million miles) away.

Facts about (Earth)

The Earth was once believed to be the center of the universe. For 2000 years ancient astronomers believed that the Earth was static and had other celestial bodies traveling in circular orbits around it. They believed this because of the apparent movement of the Sun and planets in relation to their viewpoint. In 1543, Copernicus published his Sun-centered model of the Solar System which put the Sun at the center of our solar system. Earth is the only planet not named after a mythological god or goddess. The other seven planets in the solar system were named after Roman gods or goddesses. For the five visible to the naked eye, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn named during ancient times. This Roman method was also used after the discovery of Uranus and Neptune. The word “Earth” comes from the Old English word “ertha” meaning ground or land. Earth is the densest planet in the solar system. The density of Earth differs in each part of the planet – the core, for example, is denser than the Earth’s crust – but the average density of the planet is around 5.52 grams per cubic centimeter. The gravity between the Earth and the Moon causes the tides on Earth. This effect on the Moon means it is tidally locked to Earth – its rotation period is the same as its orbit time so it always presents the same face to Earth. The rotation of the Earth is gradually slowing down. The deceleration of the Earth’s rotation is very slow, approximately 17 milliseconds per hundred years. Eventually, this will lengthen our days but it will take around 140 million years before our day will have increased from 24 to 25 hours. Earth’s atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and trace amounts of other gasses including argon and carbon dioxide. A large amount of oxygen on Earth comes from our plant life’s consumption of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Earth has a very powerful magnetic field. This field protects the planet from the effects of solar winds and is believed to be a result of the nickel-iron core of the planet combined with its rapid rotation. The Earth has an Ozone Layer which protects it from harmful solar radiation. This shell is a special type of oxygen that absorbs most of the Sun’s powerful UV rays. 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water – the remainder consists of continents and islands which together have many lakes and other sources of water. The first life on Earth developed in the oceans through a process called abiogenesis or biopoesis. This is a natural process in which life grows from non-living matter like simple organic compounds. Earth’s water was initially trapped within the planet. Over time the Earth’s water was brought to the surface by the planet’s volcanic activity. Earth has relatively few visible impact craters compared with other solid bodies in our solar system. This is because Earth is geologically active and has processes like tectonics and erosion that reshape its surface. The highest point found on Earth is Mount Everest which reaches a height of 8.8 km. The lowest point on Earth is called Challenger Deep and at 10.9 km below sea level, it is further than the peak of Mount Everest. Earth has one of the most circular orbits of all the eight planets. Its axis of rotation is tilted 23.4° away from the perpendicular to its orbital plane, which produces the seasons we experience. A year on Earth lasts just over 365 days. It is actually 1/4 of a day over 365 days which is why we have a leap year every four years.

Facts about (MARS)

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and last of the terrestrial planets and is around 227,940,000 km from the Sun. The planet is named after Mars, the Roman god of war. It was known to the ancient Greeks as Ares, their god of war. This is thought to be because of the blood-red color of the planet which was also used by other ancient cultures. Chinese astronomers call Mars the “fire star” while ancient Egyptian priests called it “Her Desher” meaning “the red one”. The landmass of Mars and Earth is very similar. Despite Mars being just 15% the volume and 10% the mass of Earth, it actually has a similar landmass because water covers about 70% of Earth’s surface. The surface gravity of Mars is about 37% the gravity found on Earth. This means that on Mars you could in theory jump 3x higher than you could on Earth. Only 16 of the 39 Mars missions have been successful. Beginning with the USSR’s Marsnik 1 which was launched in 1960, 39 orbiters, landers and rovers have been to Mars but only 16 of those missions were a success. In 2016, Europe’s Exobiology on Mars program will search the planet for signs of Martian life as well as study the surface and terrain of the planet and map potential environmental hazards to future manned missions to Mars. Pieces of Mars have been found on Earth. It is believed that trace amounts of the Martian atmosphere were within meteorites that the planet ejected. These meteorites then orbited the solar system for millions of years amongst the other objects and solar debris before eventually entering the Earth’s atmosphere and crashing to the ground. The study of this material has allowed scientists to discover more about Mars before launching space missions. Mars was once believed to be home to intelligent life. This came from the discovery of lines or grooves in the surface called cannoli by Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli. He believed that these were not naturally occurring and were proof of intelligent life. However, these were later shown to be an optical illusion. The tallest mountain known in the solar system is on Mars. Olympus Mons is a 21 km high and 600 km diameter shield volcano that was formed billions of years ago. Scientists have found a lot of recent evidence of volcanic lava which suggests Olympus Mons may still be active. It is the second highest mountain in the entire solar system, topped only by the Rheasilvia central peak on the asteroid Vesta, which is 22 km high. Mars experiences huge dust storms – the largest in our solar system. This is due to the elliptical shape of the planet’s orbit path around the Sun. The orbit path is more elongated than many of the other planets and this oval shaped orbit results in fierce dust storms that cover the entire planet and can last for many months. The Sun looks about half its size half it does from Earth when seen from Mars.When Mars is closest to the Sun in its orbit the southern hemisphere points toward the Sun and this causes a very short but fiercely hot summer. In the north, it experiences a brief but cold winter. When the planet is farthest from the Sun, Mars experiences a long and mild summer because the northern hemisphere points toward the Sun. This is compared with a cold and lengthy winter in the south. With the exception of Earth, Mars is the most hospitable to life – a number of space missions are planning for the next decade the further increase our understanding of Mars and when it has the potential for extraterrestrial life, as well as whether it may be a viable planet for a colony. Martians, also known as extraterrestrials from Mars, are a common character in science fiction books and movies. This makes Mars one of the most popular and talked about planets in the solar system. It takes Mars 687 Earth days to orbit the Sun with its orbit radius of 227,840,000 km. Mars is the only other planet besides Earth that has polar ice caps. The northern cap is called the Planum Boreum, with Planum Australe in the south. Water ice has also been found under the Martian ice caps. Mars has seasons like Earth, but they last twice as long. This is because Mars is tilted on its axis by about 25.19 degrees, which is similar to the axial tilt of the Earth (22.5 degrees). The orbit of Mars is the most eccentric of the eight planets. This means it is the least circular orbit path of the planets. The two moons of Mars, Phobos, and Deimos were written about in the book ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ by author Jonathan Swift – 151 years before they were discovered. Mars does not have a magnetic field – although there are some scientists that believe it did have a magnetic field somewhere around 4 billion years ago. Must Read: If SUN disappears What will happen to us and earth Eco system,eight science theories

Facts about (Jupiter)

The first recorded sighting of Jupiter was by the ancient Babylonians in around 7th or 8th BC. It is named for Jupiter, the king of the Roman gods and god of the Sky. The Greek equivalent is Zeus, god of thunder. For the Mesopotamians, he was the god Marduk and patron of the city of Babylon. Germanic tribes saw the planet as Donar, also known as Thor. When Galileo discovered the four moons of Jupiter in 1610 this was the first proof of celestial bodies orbiting something other than Earth. The discovery also provided further evidence of Copernicus’ Sun-centred solar system model. Jupiter has the shortest day of the eight planets. The planet rotates very Jupiter rotates very quickly, turning on its axis once every 9 hours and 55 minutes. This rapid rotation is also what causes the flattening effect of the planet, which is why it has an oblate shape. One orbit of the Sun takes Jupiter 11.86 Earth years. This means that when viewed from Earth, the planet appears to move very slowly in the sky. It takes months for Jupiter to move from one constellation to the next. Jupiter has a faint ring system around it. Its ring is mostly comprised of dust particles from some of Jupiter’s moons during impacts from comets and asteroids. The ring system begins about 92,000 km above Jupiter’s clouds and reaches more than 225,000 km from the planet. The rings are somewhere between 2,000-12,500 km thick. Jupiter has at least 67 moons in satellite around the planet. This includes the four large moons called the Galilean moons that were first discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610. The largest of Jupiter’s moons, Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system. The moons are sometimes called the Jovian satellites and the largest of them are Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa. Ganymede is larger than the planet Mercury with a diameter of around 5,268 km. Jupiter has a very strong magnetic field. This is around 14 times stronger than the magnetic field found on Earth – the largest of any planet in the solar system. Jupiter is the fourth brightest object in our solar system. After the Sun, the Moon and Venus, Jupiter is the brightest and is one of five planets which can be seen by naked eye from Earth. Jupiter is the only planet that has a center of mass with the Sun that lies outside the volume of the Sun, though by only 7% of the Sun’s radius. Jupiter has a unique cloud layer. The upper atmosphere of the planet is divided into zones and cloud belts which are made of ammonia crystals, sulfur and a mixture of these two compounds. Eight spacecraft have visited Jupiter so far. Those are Pioneer 10 and 11, Voyager 1 and 2, Galileo, Cassini, Ulysses and the New Horizons mission. Another mission, Juno, is set to arrive at Jupiter sometime around July 2016. There are also plans for future missions to focus on the Jovian moons of Jupiter – Europa, Ganymede and Callisto – and their possible subsurface oceans. Jupiter does not experience seasons like other planets such as Earth and Mars. This is because the axis is only tilted by 3.13 degrees. Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is an enormous storm that has been raging for over 300 years. This storm is so wide that three Earth’s would fit inside of it. If Jupiter had become 80 times more massive, nuclear fusion would have occurred in its core. Had that happened, it would have become a star instead of a planet.

Facts about (Saturn)

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and last of the planets known to ancient civilizations. It was known to the Babylonians and Far Eastern observer. Saturn is one of five planets able to be seen with the naked eye. It is also the fifth brightest object in the solar system. In Roman mythology, Saturn was the father of Jupiter, king of the gods. This relationship makes sense given that the planets Saturn and Jupiter are similar in so many respects, including size and composition. The Greek counterpart is known as Cronus. The most common nickname for Saturn is “The Ringed Planet”, a nickname arising from the large, beautiful and extensive ring system that encircles the planet. These rings are mostly made from chunks of ice and carbonaceous dust. They stretch out more than 12,700 km from the planet but are only a mere 20 meters thick. Saturn gives off more energy than it receives from the Sun. This unusual quality is believed to be generated from the gravitational compression of the planet combined with the friction from a large amount of helium found in its atmosphere. It takes Saturn 29.4 Earth years to orbit the Sun. This slow movement against a backdrop of stars led to the planet being nicknamed “Lubadsagush” – or “oldest of the old” – by the ancient Assyrians. Saturn has the fastest winds of any other planet in our solar system. These winds have been measured at approximately 1,800 km per hour (1,100 miles per hour). Saturn is the least dense planet in the solar system. It is made mostly of hydrogen and has a density which is less than water – which technically means that Saturn would float. The layers of hydrogen get denser further into the planet, eventually becoming metallic and leading to a hot interior core. Saturn has 150 moons and smaller moonlets. All of these moons are frozen – the largest of which are Titan and Rhea. The moon Enceladus also appears to have an ocean hidden below its frozen surface. Saturn’s moon Titan is the second largest moon in the Solar System, behind Jupiter’s moon Ganymede. It has a complex and dense atmosphere made mostly of nitrogen and is composed of water ice and rock. The frozen surface of Titan has liquid methane lakes and a landscape which is covered with frozen nitrogen. It is possible that Titan may be a harbor for life – but that life would not be similar to life on Earth. Saturn is the flattest of the eight planets. With a polar diameter that is 90% of its equatorial diameter, Saturn is the flattest of all the planets. This is because of the planet’s low density and fast rotation speed – it takes Saturn 10 hours and 34 minutes to turn on its axis. Saturn has oval-shaped storms which are similar to those of Jupiter. Scientists believe that the hexagonal-shaped pattern of clouds around Saturn’s north pole may be a wave pattern in the upper clouds. There is also a vortex over the south pole which resembles hurricane storms on Earth. Saturn appears a pale yellow color because its upper atmosphere contains ammonia crystals. Below this top layer of ammonia ice are clouds that are largely water ice. Even further below that are layers of sulfur ice and cold hydrogen mixtures. Saturn has been visited by four spacecraft. These are Pioneer 11, Voyager 1 and 2 and the Cassini-Huygens mission. Cassini entered orbit around Saturn on July 1, 2004, and continues to send back information about the planet, it's ring and many moons. The magnetic field on Saturn is slighter weaker than Earth’s magnetic field. Saturn’s magnetic field strength is around one-twentieth the strength of Jupiter’s Saturn is known as a gas giant, but scientists believe it has a solid rocky core surrounded by hydrogen and helium Saturn and Jupiter combined account for 92% of the entire planetary mass in the solar system. The interior of Saturn is very hot, reaching temperatures of up to 11,700°C (21,000 °F). Saturn is 1,424,600,000 km from the Sun. This is around 0.9 billion miles. Must Read: Distance between Earth to Mars is 56 Million Kilometers, Space X is set for big goals

Facts about (Uranus)

William Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781. The planet is too dim to have been seen by ancient civilizations. Herschel himself believed that Uranus was a comet at first, but several years later it was confirmed as a planet – making Uranus the first planet discovered in modern history. The original name proposed by Herschel was “Georgian Sidus” after King George III but the scientific community didn’t take to it. Instead, Uranus was proposed and accepted by astronomer Johann Bode and it comes from ancient Greek god Ouranos. Uranus rotates on its axis once every 17 hours and 14 minutes. Like Venus, it turns in a retrograde direction which is opposite to the direction Earth and the other six planets turn. It takes Uranus 84 Earth days to orbit the Sun. Its axis is at 98 degrees, which means it almost lies sideways as it orbits the Sun. This means that the north and south poles of Uranus lie near where the equator is on Earth. During parts of its orbit one or other of the poles directly face the Sun which means the planet gets around 42 years of direct sunlight followed by 42 years of darkness. A collision may have caused the unusual tilt of Uranus. The theory is that an Earth-sized planet may have collided with Uranus which forced its axis to drastically shift. Uranus wind speeds can reach up to 900 km per hour. This is roughly 560 miles per hour. The mass of Uranus is about 14.5 times the mass of Earth, making it the lightest of the four gas giants of the outer solar system. Uranus is often referred to as the “ice giant”. While it has a hydrogen and helium upper layer like the other gas giants, Uranus also has an icy mantle which surrounds its rock and iron core. The upper atmosphere of water, ammonia and methane ice crystals gives Uranus its distinctive pale blue color. Uranus is the second least dense planet in the solar system, after Saturn. The Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have flown by Uranus. This happened in 1986 and it flew past the planet at a distance of around 81,500 km. This mission returned the very first close-up images of the planet, its ring system, and its orbiting moons. Uranus has 13 presently known rings. All except two Uranian are extremely narrow – they are usually a few kilometers wide. It is believed that the rings are probably quite young. The matter within the rings is thought to be parts of a moon or moons that were shattered by high-speed impacts with an object such as a comet or asteroid The chemical element Uranium, discovered in 1789, was named after the newly discovered planet Uranus. Uranus is the coldest planet in the solar system. The minimum surface temperature on Uranus is -224°C – making it the coldest of the eight planets. Its upper atmosphere is covered with a haze made mostly of methane which hides the storms taking place in its cloud decks. The Uranian moons are named after characters created by Alexander Pope and William Shakespeare. For example, Oberon, Titania, and Miranda. All these worlds are frozen with dark surfaces and some are a mixture of ice and rock. Of the Uranian moons, the most interesting is Miranda which has ice canyons, terraces, and many strange looking surface area. Must Read: One photon from sun core to surface and takes 8 minutes to reach earth

Facts about (Neptune)

we don't have anything which could survive for so long we could visit this planet, I guess we will be just revolving around this planet. Most probably dead It takes Neptune 164.8 Earth years to orbit the Sun. On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full orbit since its discovery in 1846. Neptune was discovered by Jean Joseph Le Verrier. The planet was not known to ancient civilizations because it is not visible to the naked eye. The planet was initially called Le Verrier after its discoverer. This name, however, quickly was abandoned and the name Neptune was chosen instead. Neptune is the Roman God of the Sea. In Greek, Neptune is called Poseidon. Neptune has the second largest gravity of any planet in the solar system – second only to Jupiter. The orbit path of Neptune is approximately 30 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun. This means it is around 30 times the distance from the Earth to the Sun. The largest Neptunian moon, Triton, was discovered just 17 days after Neptune itself was discovered. Neptune has a storm similar the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. It is commonly known as the Great Dark Spot and is roughly the size of Earth. Neptune also has a second storm called the Small Dark Spot. This storm is around the same size as Earth’s moon. Neptune spins very quickly on its axis. The planets equatorial clouds take 18 hours to complete one rotation. The reason this happens is that Neptune does not have a solid body. Only one spacecraft, the Voyager 2, has flown past Neptune. It happened in 1989 and captured the first close-up images of the Neptunian system. It took 246 minutes – four hours and six minutes – for signals from Voyager 2 to reach back to Earth. The climate on Neptune is extremely active. In its upper atmosphere, large storms sweep across it and high-speed solar winds track around the planet at up to 1,340 km per second. The largest storm was the Great Dark Spot in 1989 which lasted for around five years. Like the other outer planets, Neptune possesses a ring system, though its rings are very faint. They are most likely made up of ice particles and grains of dust with a carbon-based substance coating them. Neptune has 14 known moons. The largest of these moons is Titan – a frozen world which spits out particles of nitrogen ice and dust from below its surface. It is believed that Titan was caught by the immense gravitational pull of Neptune and is regarded as one of the coldest worlds in our solar system. Neptune has an average surface temperature of -214°C – approximately -353°F. Must Read: These 15 plants are so lethal you never wish to encounter them in life Like,share & comment Click to Post

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