#11bc

[askthenexus]

FUNCTION(

ENCRYPT(

KEY == 11BC(/\)ASCRC4(8c.b8.35.d4.39.4a.27.bc)B32

)

)

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

[nancyfmccarthy]

The Jewish Ghetto

While the Jewish Ghetto does not sound like an appealing destination, it was a real find.

We started with lunch at La Taverna del Ghetto, which was wonderful. Since it was 4pm (after school), we had the place to ourselves and got great service to go with amazing food!

The ghetto “tour” includes some archeological sites, a few streets with one or two ghetto-age houses and a more modern synagogue with a museum. We had time to explore the archeological sites and walk through the neighborhood, but not the synagogue or museum. Next time.

A little history. The Jews have a sad history in Rome. They started, as immigrants, living and prospering outside the city in Trastevere. Around 1555, the pope created the Jewish ghetto and forced all of the community to move to a marshy area at the bend in the Tiber. They lived behind walls with strict curfews and had to wear yellow caps and scarves to identify their faith. The ghetto was finally closed and demolished in 1870. The city rallied and supported the building of the Synagogue of Emancipation in 1904. In 1943, 13,000 Jews were rounded up under the Nazis and 2000 were sent to concentration camps. Today, the area is being gentrified but the local Jews still gather in the neighborhood. It is in no way a ghetto as we might use the word in modern English. It is also an area of incredible ancient history.

We started our meal with Jewish style fried artichokes, a specialty of the neighborhood. I followed with cod cooked with tomatoes, raisins and pine nuts. Paul had an incredible lamb stew. Sigh.

We started at the Portico of Octavia, built by Caesar in 27BC. It was the entrance to a long portico which led to the Theater of Marcellus

This theater dates from 11BC. Because it was a theatre, not an arena, it was open on the opposite side to a stage. That space, which faces the river, was later filled with more modern buildings which completely mask this incredible structure. We have walked by here dozens of times, along the river, and never knew this was hiding behind the other buildings.

Between the theater and the portico are the remains of this Temple of Apollo which was built around 430BC. Yikes!

The oldest houses retain markers from their ghetto days.

And tucked in a little square is this wonderful fountain from the mid 1500’s that was later embellished with turtles by my pal Bernini.

[blogdemocratesjr]

Livia, Empress of Rome by Matthew Dennison (p.137) + Statue of Octavia Minor "the Younger" (Nola/Naples 69 BC-11BC) photographed by Carlo Raso + Virgil Reading Aeneid to Augustus, Octavia, and Livia by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres + Beautiful girl smiling by Pierre Olivier Joseph Coomans

"Republican politics, as we have seen, struggled to separate public and private spheres of interest, the politician from the individual." (Ibid.)

[germanicseidr]

Chatti

 The Chatti were a Germanic tribe located in modern day Hesse and southern Saxony, Germany. They were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Germania, only the Cherusci were as large as the Chatti tribe. I have written a post about this tribe last year but I wanted to add more information and of course this group has gained so many new members since last year, that most probably missed my previous post on this tribe. Also thanks to Netflix’ new show ‘the Barbarians’ the Chatti has gained more attention. Somewhere around 100BC, there was a huge internal conflict in the Chatti tribe, this conflict resulted in the split of the tribe. Two groups of Chatti tribesmen/women migrated towards the lower Rhine area in modern day Netherlands, this is how the Batavi and Cananefates were born.

The meaning of the tribe’s name isn’t 100% certain but most theories lead to the following meaning: ‘the angry’ or ‘the haters’ from the Proto-Germanic word Hataz. If this is the correct meaning of their name, it is quite a curious one. Why would a tribe call themselves like that? It might have something to do with a conflict that they experienced with another tribe or the conflict that caused the tribe to split back in 100BC. Perhaps the tribe’s name isn’t Germanic in origin at all. Another theory suggests that the word Chatti comes from the Proto-Celtic word Cat which means ‘battle’ or ‘fight’. If this is the case, the pronunciation is also different ‘Khatti’. Yet again these are just theories and nothing is 100% certain. The modern day region of Hesse, where the Chatti once lived, has most likely been named after the tribe.

The first written records about this tribe came from Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, the stepson of emperor Augustus. After Germanicus was appointed as the governour of Gaul, he launched a series of campaigns into Germania in an attempt to conquer Germania just like how Gaul was conquered and added to the Roman empire. The first of his campaigns started in 12BC and was very succesful for Germanicus. He crossed the Rhine with his army and subjugated the Sicambri tribe. Germanicus was also the first Roman to reach the Weser river in northern Germany, close to modern day Denmark.

During a later campaign in the same year, he also subjugated the Batavi and the Frisii and defeated the Chauci at the river Weser. In the following year, 11BC, Germanicus defeated the Marsii, Bructeri and the Usipetes. From 10-9BC Germanicus also defeated the Chatti, Cherusci and Marcomanni. It seems as though nothing could stop him from conquering all of Germania, he almost succeeded at this until a fall from his horse during his fourth campaign killed him. It is likely that Germania would have become a Roman province if Germanicus didn’t fell off his horse.

It was during Drusus Germanicus’ campaigns that the famous Arminius of the Cherusci was sent to Rome as tribute by his father, together with his brother Flavus. Relationships between the Cherusci and the Romans continued to sour in the following years after their defeat by the Romans during Germanicus’ campaigns. This eventually led to Arminius revolting against the Romans in 9AD. The king of the Chatti, Adgandestrius, was quick to join Arminius. The Chatti also haven’t forgotten Germanicus’ campaigns in Germania. The revolt led to the famous Teutoburgerwald battle during which three Roman legions were completely destroyed

This battle would be the biggest military defeat for Rome. While Germanicus almost succeeded at conquering Germania, this battle led to the abandonment of all plans to expand the Roman empire into Germania. Permanent borders were established along the Rhine river which kept Germania free. Interestingly enough, Adgandestrius turned against Arminius in 19AD. He even went as far as to ask Rome for help in assassinating Arminius with poison. This request was denied by the Romans as they saw this as a dishonourable way to defeat Arminius, the Romans prefered to meet him in battle. Arminius died two years later, betrayed and murdered by his own people who thought that Arminius was getting way too powerful. (Hope I didn’t just spoil the show for you guys, I still haven’t watched it)

Almost half a century later, another conflict broke out, this time between the Chatti and the Hermunduri in 58AD. Both tribes fought for control over a river that was rich in salt that flowed between the two tribes. This whole conflict has been recorded by Tacitus who described that this river was also very religiously important to the Germanic people. It is not certain which river is mentioned by Tacitus, it is either the Rhine or Main (a river connected to the Rhine). The Germanic people believed that this river was closely connected to the realm of the Gods. If you would make a prayer at the banks of the river Rhine, it would be directly received by the Gods. Both tribes also vowed their enemies to Tyr and Wodan before the battle started. This vow meant that the defeated party was sacrificed to Tyr and Wodan, unfortunately for the Chatti, they lost this battle.

Another revolt broke out in 69AD, this time the Batavi revolted against the Roman empire. The Chatti also joined this rebellion, even though the Batavi were once part of the Chatti and left due to a conflict. The Batavi were able to destroy two Roman legions and several Roman fortifications before the revolt was put down. The Chatti laid siege to Mogontiacum, modern day city of Mainz. Even though the Romans lost their trust in the Batavi, they recognized their strong fighting power and are named the strongest of all the Germanic tribes, not in number but in skills.

20 years later in 89AD, the Chatti joined another revolt. This time two Roman legions under Antoninus Saturninus revolted against emperor Dominitan. Unfortunately all documents describing this event are lost or destroyed so we can sadly never know what event led to two Roman legions revolting against their emperor. There is a theory that the revolt was caused by Dominitan’s strict moral policies for the officers of the army. The revolt however failed before it could really begin. It would have been interesting to observe this revolt if it had succeeded, a curious sight Romans and Chatti warriors fighting side by side.

In 98AD Tacitus published his famous work the Germania, in this work he describes the Chatti as following: “Beyond these dwell the Chatti, whose settlements, beginning from the Hercynian forest, are in a tract of country less open and marshy than those which overspread the other states of Germany, for it consists of a continued range of hills, which gradually become more scattered and the Hercynian forest both accompanies and leaves behind, its Chatti.

This nation is distinguished by hardier frames,  compactness of limb, fierceness of countenance, and superior vigor of mind. For Germanics, they have a considerable share of understanding and sagacity, they choose able persons to command, and obey them when chosen, keep their ranks, seize opportunities, restrain impetuous motions, distribute properly the business of the day, intrench themselves against the night, account fortune dubious, and valor only certain, and, what is extremely rare, and only a consequence of discipline, depend more upon the general than the army.

Their force consists entirely in infantry who, besides their arms, are obliged to carry tools and provisions. Other nations appear to go to a battle, the Chatti, to war. Excursions and casual encounters are rare amongst them. It is, indeed, peculiar to cavalry soon to obtain, and soon to yield, the victory. Speed borders upon timidity slow movements are more akin to steady valor.

A custom followed among the other Germanic nations only by a few individuals, of more daring spirit than the rest, is adopted by general consent among the Chatti. From the time they arrive at years of maturity they let their hair and beard grow and do not divest themselves of this votive badge, the promise of valor, till they have slain an enemy. Over blood and spoils they unveil the countenance, and proclaim that they have at length paid the debt of existence, and have proved themselves worthy of their country and parents. The cowardly and effeminate continue in their squalid disguise.

The bravest among them wear also an iron ring (a mark of ignominy in that nation) as a kind of chain, till they have released themselves by the slaughter of a foe. Many of the Chatti assume this distinction, and grow hoary under the mark, conspicuous both to foes and friends. By these, in every engagement, the attack is begun: they compose the front line, presenting a new spectacle of terror. Even in peace they do not relax the sternness of their aspect. They have no house, land, or domestic cares, they are maintained by whomsoever they visit, lavish of another's property, regardless of their own till the debility of age renders them unequal to such a rigid course of military virtue.” – Tacitus

 Not much is further known about the Chatti besides the fact that they raided Roman territory between 160-170AD. Eventually elements of the Chatti, together with the Batavi, Cherusci, Tencteri, Tubantes, Chamavi, Bructeri, Sicambri and the Ampsivarii formed together in a confederation called the Franks. They settled in modern day southern Netherlands and Belgium around 300AD and were first of the Franks who eventually founded modern day France. The remaining Chatti remained in their original location and continued raiding the Romans wherever they could, by 300AD the Roman western borders were severely weakened by internal conflicts.

Eventually the remaining Chatti became the Hessi during the early medieval ages, this was first recorded in 782AD. Hesse itself has a long and rich history but that is not a topic for this group, feel free to explore this topic further if you are interested in Hesse’s history.

Here is a map which shows the location of the Chatti, a map showing Roman campaigns into Germania before the Teutoburgerwald battle and a depiction of Germanic warriors from the game Rome 2 total war.

[sung-woons]

i have seen so much appreciation for sungwoon these days after ep 8 :')

[basylom]

HOMO: THE POETICLE. CONTENT AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD BECAUSE I GIVE A FUCK. However, I am looking for a mentor or publishing house that understands what I am doing...Hope you find me and eeeEEENjjjjoooooy!!!

[public-new-yahoopartner-blog]

Photos : PSG - Barça : Twitter s'enflamme après l'exploit du PSG !

Hier soir, jour de St-Valentin, le PSG a donné beaucoup d'amour à ses supporters en réalisant l'exploit de battre le FC Barcelone sur le score de 4 buts à 0. Les réactions ont été nombreuses sur Twitter. Petite revue de tweets. Ce mardi 14 février, le Paris Saint-Germain affrontait le FC Barcelone de Lionel Messi  et de Neymar  en huitième de finale aller de la Ligue des Champions. Alors que de nombreux observateurs annonçaient l'enfer aux joueurs parisiens, notamment en raison de leur saison plus poussive qu'à l'accoutumé, ils ont marché sur l'eau et écrasé le FC Barcelone sur le score de 4 buts à 0 !L'exploit est de taille et permet au PSG d'aborder sereinement le match retour. A vrai dire, Paris est presque qualifié pour les quarts de finale puisque jamais dans l'histoire de la compétition un club n'est parvenu à renverser la tendance après une défaite de 4 buts à 0. Paris a certainement réalisé le plus grand match d'un club français en coupe d'Europe. En ce jour de St-Valentin, les stars du PSG ont décidé de distribuer ne bonne dose d'amour à leurs supporters.Sur Twitter, nombreux sont ceux qui ont réagi à cet exploit du PSG, souvent avec humour. D'ailleurs, quelques stars se sont exprimées, notamment Antoine Griezmann . Découvrez cette série de tweets dans le diaporama ci-dessus.>>> A voir aussi : Le PSG prodigieux face au Barça, la chronique d'Europe 1 : M. RB... Retrouvez cet article sur Public

Photos : Lady Gaga : En mode voltigeuse, elle enflamme le Super Bowl !

Aymeric Bonnery : Il raconte une anecdote sur Leila Ben Khalifa, elle le clashe sur Twitter

La Fouine : Le rappeur relance le clash avec Booba mais se fait lyncher sur Twitter

Photos : Barack & Michelle Obama Bienvenue dans la vie d’après !

Photos : Kim Kardashian de retour à Paris, cinq mois après son braquage !

Ce mardi 14 février, le Paris Saint-Germain affrontait le FC Barcelone de Lionel Messi  et de Neymar  en huitième de finale aller de la Ligue des Champions. Alors que de nombreux observateurs annonçaient l'enfer aux joueurs parisiens, notamment en raison de leur saison plus poussive qu'à l'accoutumé, ils ont marché sur l'eau et écrasé le FC Barcelone sur le score de 4 buts à 0 !L'exploit est de taille et permet au PSG d'aborder sereinement le match retour. A vrai dire, Paris est presque qualifié pour les quarts de finale puisque jamais dans l'histoire de la compétition un club n'est parvenu à renverser la tendance après une défaite de 4 buts à 0. Paris a certainement réalisé le plus grand match d'un club français en coupe d'Europe. En ce jour de St-Valentin, les stars du PSG ont décidé de distribuer ne bonne dose d'amour à leurs supporters.Sur Twitter, nombreux sont ceux qui ont réagi à cet exploit du PSG, souvent avec humour. D'ailleurs, quelques stars se sont exprimées, notamment Antoine Griezmann . Découvrez cette série de tweets dans le diaporama ci-dessus.>>> A voir aussi : Le PSG prodigieux face au Barça, la chronique d'Europe 1 : M. RB Plus d'images sur Public.fr !

Source: Public

Hier soir, jour de St-Valentin, le PSG a donné beaucoup d'amour à ses supporters en réalisant l'exploit de battre le FC Barcelone sur le score de 4 buts à 0. Les réactions ont été nombreuses sur Twitter. Petite revue de tweets. Plus d'images sur Public.fr !

Source: Public

Source: Public

Source: Public

Source: Public

Source: Public

Source: Public

Source: Public

[overlooked-tracks]

An Overlooked Music Track: The Linda Lindas. It’s Time to Support Music!

The following article has been posted on August 21, 2022 at 11:31AM:

STREAMING TRACKS FROM THE OVERLOOKED TRACKS PODCAST – SPONSORED BY APPLE MUSIC Since you’ve heard great music on the Overlooked Tracks podcast, here’s your chance to further support The Linda Lindas! Check this track and head over to Apple Music to find more of what The Linda Lindas with other music performers have to offer. We’re staying focused on finding music so you can listen, enjoy and not overlook!!

So, it’s a win-win: You support music artists and Overlooked Tracks and we continue to grow and support more music at a global scale!!

Music Artist: The Linda Lindas Music Track Name: Oh! Music Track Release Date: 2021-07-21 12:00:00 Price of Track: 1.29 / USD Origin of Artist / Track: USA

https://audio-ssl.itunes.apple.com/itunes-assets/AudioPreview112/v4/96/05/50/96055098-11bc-8ad5-e28f-8a79ab89ebb8/mzaf_3186040897007592236.plus.aac.p.m4a Affiliate Link Statement: Please notice and read Our Disclosure (and your right to know): There are affiliate links (a site link forwarding a request to a specific sponsor or product) on this post which may result in the Overlooked Tracks Podcast receiving a commission for your purchase of The Linda Lindas’s music. We desire to support The Linda Lindas’s music as much as possible and in turn receive a commission to further grow the podcast and continue supporting the gift of music. We have verified and used the link to make sure you are comfortable to go to the source of music.

Listen to More Music on Apple Music and can be found on the Overlooked Tracks website: https://ift.tt/S4Y3EGI. Check out more music news from Overlooked Tracks! Rock, Alternative, Apple, Music, streaming

[rusocialpod]

We love our customers. Check out our latest testimonial. customer J said item was delivered next day, was cheaper than other companies took a couple of mins to take out and replace and tumble drier was back in operation.definately recommend them to anyone needing parts replaced rather than buying a new appliance, will be using them again when the time arises

[davvid-b]

Everyone is excited for the new decade but in reality the decade starts in 2021 bc we never had a year 0. So it goes like 11bc - 1bc; 1ac - 11ac; [...] 2011 - 2021

[farismousa]

More Amazing Architecture in Rome

In a recent blog (Faris Mousa: The Pantheon still amazes nearly 2,000 years on) I said that the Pantheon was such an incredible feat of architecture that I wanted to write about it all by itself. I think it’s worthy of its own post, but that’s not to say it’s the only spectacle worth seeing in Rome. There are many more great buildings, both old and new, and here are a few more that I recommend for any traveller or fan of architecture.

Teatro Marcello This theatre was completed in 11BC and is still revered by architecture enthusiasts more than 2,000 years later. Its arches, columns and tunnels were revolutionary at the time, and its ability to comfortably hold an audience of 20,000 was a great showcase of Roman ingenuity. In fact, it was the inspiration for the much better know Colosseum, built around 70 years later.

St Peter’s Basilica Rome is home to a great many religiously significant buildings, including an estimated 900 churches. The Vatican’s basilica is the most widely recognised, and it’s easy to see why. It took more than 100 years to build and was completed in 1626. Its design is the work of a string of world renowned architects, including Michelangelo who helped design the iconic dome, and Gian Lorenzo Bernini, a sculpture who is responsible for much of its decoration.

The Supreme Court One of the most important buildings in the country, where the ultimate rule of law is decided, it is also fittingly one of the most imposing and eye catching. The architecture is inspired by late Renaissance and Baroque styles and is so opulent (and took so long to build) that many locals still question how it was funded. But to the casual tourist, it’s an incredible sight.

The National Museum of the 21st Century Arts Rome is recognised for its historic architecture but has continued to innovate and modernise. One of the best examples from modern times is Zaha Hadid’s MAXXI museum. Its sharp angles and bold curves, which provide a backdrop for the many contemporary exhibits and events which take place there, stand in stark and exciting contrast to the surrounding ancient buildings.

There is plenty more to Rome than fantastic architecture - we haven’t even touched upon the magnificent food, culture or sport - and these four buildings (and the Pantheon, of course) are just a few of the many examples of iconic buildings. But hopefully this will give you enough of a taste to go and explore this beautiful city for yourself.

[shewhoworshipscarlin]

Necklace, 730BC-11BC, Egypt.

[niteesham]

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[urielfanelli]

@DaveTLV LOL. Just for the record, are such a party a real thing somewhere in the USA?

@DaveTLV LOL. Just for the record, are such a party a real thing somewhere in the USA?

@DaveTLV LOL.

Just for the record, are such a party a real thing somewhere in the USA?