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a-dinosaur-a-day · 5 years ago

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Eudyptula minor

By J. J. Harrison, CC BY-SA 3.0

Etymology: Good Diver

First Described By: Bonaparte, 1856

Classification: Dinosauromorpha, Dinosauriformes, Dracohors, Dinosauria, Saurischia, Eusaurischia, Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Avetheropoda, Coelurosauria, Tyrannoraptora, Maniraptoromorpha, Maniraptoriformes, Maniraptora, Pennaraptora, Paraves, Eumaniraptora, Averaptora, Avialae, Euavialae, Avebrevicauda, Pygostaylia, Ornithothoraces, Euornithes, Ornithuromorpha, Ornithurae, Neornithes, Neognathae, Neoaves, Aequorlitornithes, Ardeae, Aequornithes, Austrodyptornithes, Sphenisciformes, Spheniscidae

Status: Extant, Least Concern

Time and Place: From 12,000 years ago until today, in the Holocene of the Quaternary

Little Penguins are known from the coast of Australia and New Zealand

Physical Description: Little Penguins are some of the most adorable penguins alive today, and the reason is clear: they’re smol! Little Penguins range in size between 40 and 45 centimeters in length, and none weigh more than 2.1 kilograms. They are a blue-grey on their backs and white on their bellies and necks. They have very small flippers, which can be entirely blue or blue only in the center with white banding around it. They have short little tails and small feet, which are formed into lightly orange flippers. Their beaks are short and round, and either light in color or dark depending on the population. The juveniles tend to be a somewhat duller color than the adults, but usually very similar overall.

By Magnus Kjaergaard, CC BY 3.0

Diet: Little Penguins feed mainly on fish that form schools in the pelagic zone of the ocean (rather than closer to the coast). They’ll also feed on cephalopods and crustaceans.

By Francesco Veronesi, CC BY-SA 2.0

Behavior: These nocturnal penguins will capture their food via pursuit-diving, mainly swimming around schools of fish in tighter and tighter circles until finally - woosh! - they dive into the middle and grab as much food as they can. In shallower water, they do pursue the fish more directly. They can dive as deep as 50 meters underwater, sometimes more - including 69 meters deep. They go up to 62 kilometers away from the nesting and sleeping colony sites, though they can usually only go a fraction of that in a single day and longer distances are reserved for multiple day trips. Females tend to forage more than the males. They feed alone, though they do forage in groups. They are extremely noisy in their colonies, making a variety of trills, brays, growls, grunts, yelping, trumpeting, and wailing sounds to one another. They do not migrate, but do stay near the breeding colony extensively during the moulting and nesting season. Juveniles will leave the colony for a large amount of time, but do eventually return to breed where they were born.

By Phillip Island Tourism, CC BY-SA 4.0

Little Penguins begin breeding in July and continue through December, though it varies from colony to colony and from year to year. They tend to stick to one nest site for their whole lives and are also fairly monogamous, though they do divorce from their partners around 76% of the time. If they are unsuccessful in raising any chicks one year, the next year they are more likely to divorce than not. The nests are made in a little bit far apart from one another in the colonie, usually a burrow in the sand lined with plant material. Usually two eggs are laid in the nest and are incubated for a little more than one month by both parents. The chicks hatch extremely fluffy and greyish-brown; they then molt to look dark brown and grey another month later. At this time young birds will form creches together for two more months, hanging out and learning from each other. They then fledge and become juveniles two more months later. They become sexually mature at two to four years of age, and can live for up to 20 years (though shorter is more common). The chicks and nesting colonies tend to feed at dusk.

By Mark Nairn, CC BY 3.0

Ecosystem: Little Penguins live mainly in sandy and rocky coasts, usually near the bases of cliffs and in sand dunes. They will spend most of their time in temperate to sub-arctic marine waters, many miles offshore. They are preyed upon by cats, dogs, rats, foxes, lizards, snakes, ferrets, stoats, seals, and some other ocean predators. They are mostly affected by introduced mammalian predators at this time.

By fir0002, GFDL 1.2

Other: While Little Penguins are, overall, doing alright and are even common in terms of population management; however, a number of human-created threats are affecting certain colonies and bringing many of them to the verge of collapse. Uncontrolled hunting by domesticated dogs and cats are major causes of colony destruction, as are oil spills, fishing interactions (including being caught in nets), human interference and development, as well as cullings by humans attempting to manage populations of other birds. As such, Little Penguins are of major interest for ecological groups in order to preserve their populations in light of these threats. Fossils of this species are known from its current range from the recent ice age.

~ By Meig Dickson

Sources Under the Cut

Baird, R. F. 1992. Fossil avian assemblage of Pitfall Origin from Holocene sediments in Amphitheatre Cave (G-2), South-western Victoria, Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 44:21-44.

Banks, Jonathan C.; Mitchell, Anthony D.; Waas, Joseph R.; Paterson, Adrian M. (2002). "An unexpected pattern of molecular divergence within the blue penguin (Eudyptula minor) complex". Notornis. 49 (1): 29–38.

Bethge, P; Nicol, S; Culik, BM & RP Wilson (1997) "Diving behaviour and energetics in breeding little penguins (Eudyptula minor)". Journal of Zoology 242: 483-502.

Boessenkool, S., J. J. Austin, T. H. Worthy, P. Scofield, A. Cooper, P. J. Seddon, and J. M. Waters. 2009. Relict or colonizer? Extinction and range expansion of penguins in southern New Zealand. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276:815-821.

Carroll, R. L. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution 1-698.

Chiaradia, A., Forero, M. G., Hobson, K. A., and Cullen, J. M. (2010) Changes in diet and trophic position of a top predator 10 years after a mass mortality of a key prey. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1710–1720.

Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017.

Flemming, S.A., Lalas, C., and van Heezik, Y. (2013) "Little penguin (Eudyptula minor) diet at three breeding colonies in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Ecology 37: 199–205.

Fordyce, R. E. 1991. The Australasian marine vertebrate record and its climatic and geographic implications. In P. Vickers-Rich, J. M. Monaghan, R. F. Baird, T. H. Rich (eds.), Vertebrate Palaeontology of Australasia 1165-1190.

Grosser, Stefanie; Burridge, Christopher P.; Peucker, Amanda J.; Waters, Jonathan M. (2015-12-14). "Coalescent Modelling Suggests Recent Secondary-Contact of Cryptic Penguin Species". PLOS ONE. 10 (12): –0144966.

Grosser, Stefanie; Rawlence, Nicolas J.; Anderson, Christian N. K.; Smith, Ian W. G.; Scofield, R. Paul; Waters, Jonathan M. (2016-02-10). "Invader or resident? Ancient-DNA reveals rapid species turnover in New Zealand little penguins". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 283 (1824): 20152879.

Littlely, Bryan (10 October 2007). "Fur seals threat to Granite Island penguins". The Advertiser. p. 23.

Martínez, I., Christie, D.A., Jutglar, F. & Garcia, E.F.J. (2019). Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Numata, M; Davis, L & Renner, M (2000) "[Prolonged foraging trips and egg desertion in little penguins (Eudyptula minor)]". New Zealand Journal of Zoology 27: 291-298.

Rawlence, N. J., A. Kardamaki, L. J. Easton, A. J. D. Tennyson, R. P. Scofield and J. M. Waters. 2017. Ancient DNA and morphometric analysis reveal extinction and replacement of New Zealand’s unique black swans. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 284:20170876.

Rodríguez, A., Chiaradia, A., Wasiak, P., Renwick, L., and Dann, P.(2016) "Waddling on the Dark Side: Ambient Light Affects Attendance Behavior of Little Penguins." Journal of Biological Rhythms 31:194-204.

Saraux, Claire; Chiaradia, Andre; Salton, Marcus; Dann, Peter; Viblanc, Vincent A (2016). "Negative effects of wind speed on individual foraging performance and breeding success in little penguins". Ecological Monographs. 86 (1): 61–77.

Simpson, G. G. 1946. Fossil Penguins. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 87(1):1-100.

Tennyson, A. J. D., and P. R. Millener. 1994. Bird extinctions and fossil bones from Mangere Island, Chatham Islands. Notornis, Supplement 41:165-178.

Tennyson, A. J. D., J. H. Cooper, and L. D. Shepherd. 2015. A new species of extinct Pterodroma petrel (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae) from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 135:267-277.

van Tets, G. F., and S. O'Connor. 1983. The Hunter Island Penguin, and extinct new genus and species form a Tasmanian midden. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston 81:1-13.

Wallis, Robert; King, Kristie; Wallis, Anne (2017). "The Little Penguin'Eudyptula minor'on Middle Island, Warrnambool, Victoria: An update on population size and predator management". Victorian Naturalist. 134 (2): 48–51.

Wiebkin, A. S. (2011) Conservation management priorities for little penguin populations in Gulf St Vincent. Report to Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2011/000188-1. SARDI Research Report Series No.588. 97pp.

Williams, Tony D. (1995). The Penguins. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Williams, M., A. J. D. Tennyson, and D. Sim. 2014. Island differentiation of New Zealand’s extinct mergansers (Anatidae: Mergini), with description of a new species from Chatham Island. Wildfowl 6:3-34.

Wood, J. R., K. J. Mitchell, R. P. Scofield, A. J. D. Tennyson, A. E. Fidler, J. M. Wilmshurst, B. Llamas and A. Cooper. 2014. An extinct nestorid parrot (Aves, Psittaciformes, Nestoridae) from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172:185-199.

Worthy, T. H. 1998. A remarkable fossil and archaeological avifauna from Marfells Beach, Lake Grassmere, South Island, New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum 12:79-176.

Worthy, T. H., and J. A. Grant-Mackie. 2003. Late-Pleistocene avifaunas from Cape Wanbrow, Otago, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 33(1):427-485.

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deerheadlights · 5 years ago

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Going to be posting parts of my Nanowrimo from 2017 because everyone else is posting things for people to read while bored in quarantine xD You may need a web PhD in 335-330 BC to really feel it hit different...

“What are you waiting for?!” Podaleirus was shouting at the Athenian commander. “Their focus is on the walls, a quick sortie to the back and you’ll be the heroes of Greece, throwing off the Macedonian yoke!”

“They have a rear guard” he answered, gaze shifting from one man to the other. Three men stood at the crest of the lowest foothill of the Kithairon, watching the surge of troops around the 7 gates of Thebes. Tydeus could see from the Athenian’s eyes that no talk of glory would get him and his fellows to face the sarissas of Alexander the Macedonian’s rear guard. He cut off as Podaleirus drew another breath “We’ll scout out a route around them.”

Tydeus could feel his friend’s rage even in the darkness. “How much money have I given that man, and his family, and his handlers and the whole damn Acropolis to have them stand here and cower before that boy Macedonian? I can’t believe this is happening”

“Athenians have always been all talk.” Tydeus gazed along the siege lines. He had hoped after the nightmare at Charonea he would never see that many Macedonians in Boeotia ever again. The combined strength of Athens and Thebes had been crushed, and the Sacred Band, the military symbol of Thebes that he and Podaleirus had once been part of, had been decimated. Noblemen like Podaleirus had fled the new regime and settled in Athens, and Tydeus had followed.

“Not just that. They said the boy king was dead. No one even reported him crossing Thermopylae and he’s already here.” Now that had been news, the report of Alexander’s death while fighting Illyrians. The last three months had gone by quick as a blink. The people had risen up and killed the leader of the Macedonian garrison. Tydeus, Podaleirus and all of the Theban exiles in Athens had come running back, there had been celebrations for days. The idea had buoyed them through the news that a Macedonian army had come down to mete out punishment for killing the garrison. Even then they had insisted it must be Antipater, who had been closer to Greece. To assuage fears Podaleirus and other nobles had brought their families back to the city: when the army came, they wouldn’t leave again. That was the real source of Podaleirus’s desperation.

“Alkyone is safe in the Temple of the Amphion with the other noble women” Tydeus tried to assure his friend. “The seven gates of Thebes won’t be breaching without a longer assault, enough time for our Southern friends to steel their livers and get to fighting” “I know, but I should have never let it get so close”

They had moved towards the western edge of the city where farms lay abandoned to the siege. The rows of troops started to ebb. “There’s a gap forming here, already gotten busy looting easy picki—“ Tydeus’s blood ran cold, the gap wasn’t from troops moving outward into the farmlands, but moving inward.

“The moon gate is breached”

“No – That’s not—“ He felt Podaleirus stiffen at his side then just empty space. “You go back to Commander [name], I have to get my daughter!” the call came from the darkness. What? He can’t go in there alone, it’s suicide. Tydeus was running after him before the thought had run it’s course. Unfortunately he knew, from every childhood foot race, to the [Chithraon] games to their training races as part of the Sacred Band, Podaleirus was faster than him.

He could already hear the yelling from the fighting inside the gates. Luckily outside the phalanx the Macedonian troops didn’t have their signature sarissas, the longest spears in the world, but their formation was wreaking havoc on the disorganized just-freed slaves that were the first defence of the city. They didn’t expect an attack from the rear though. He dropped a man with a chop against the back of the knees, keeping against a slum wall. His cry in the back of the formation caused enough confusion to break through a gap. His shield was unslung and he gave one of the front rankers its rim in the teeth before continuing towards Podaleirus.

But a wave of Illyrian skirmishers swept in to separate them. Tattooed barbarians. Tydeus’s short sword caught a man through the gap in his cresent moon shield. Another one with blue dogs or frogs or some other wild northern garbage tattooed on his face took his place. The tight focus of years of training slowed everything. A spear point crashed against his shield, and Tydeus’s sword was caught against his as the man went down. He was already arcing a blow before the man’s Boeotian voice stopped him “Sir! Are you here with the Athenian reinforcements?” A farm slave with a scythe, leader of a ragtag group of farmers and herme makers had saved him.

“Ay, they’re here, on that hill to the south, gawking”

“What do you mean—“

But Tydeus had already gone. I should rally them, he thought, what kind of citizen am I? But he had only one goal on his mind. Podaleirus had evaded the Illyrians and going up the Sacred Way in a full sprint. Then he leaped and came down on his face. Why? Why had he jumped? It made no- Tydeus saw the spear shaft in his back, like it had miraculously grown like a sapling. Then he heard the yelling behind him. He turned, and there was the tattered Macedonian garrison, that had held out, waiting for Alexander to arrive and free them from their siege within a siege in the stockade on the Cadmea. The man who had thrown the javelin was still following through when the sword caught him in the neck, ground against the spine. Then they were all on him. Tydeus had been a champion at duels, but fighting off a regiment single handedly was the sort of foolishness a bard dreams up and no real soldier believes. He covered himself with his shield, trying to step back to Podaleirus’s side. “Macedonians on the Sacred Way!” He found his voice “Macedonians climbing towards the Temple of the Amphion!”

And suddenly the men of Thebes were at his side. The farmers, freedmen, potters, dyers, herme-makers, sculptors, just like a normal day on the Agora, but with swords and knives and scythes in their hands. His throat was thick with emotion, whatever the Sacred Band had been, this was the true phalanx of Thebes. But he could see beyond them, more and more Macedonians thronging the Moon Gate. Not just Macedonians, Plataeans and other citizens of cities that had lurid histories with Thebes were part of the army, cutting people down in the street and charging into houses. “Position Change!” Tydeus roared, shoved the man beside him in his place and made for Podaleirus.

He was flat as a deer struck with a javelin, and it twitched with his breaths. Tydeus’s hope fled as he saw it was lodged in his left kidney. How could this happen? Podaleirus turned to him suddenly, like a spooked horse and spoke in gasping exhales “Go. Get Alkyone. Not Athens. Go to. Rhodes. Or Sardis. Ionians. And. Persians” “Shhhhh” He settled him in his arms. We lived through Charonea, Leuctra, fought alongside Epamonidas, saw Thebes become the star of Boeotia and then Greece… to be speared in the back by a Macedonian dog. “Get out. Now. Leave me. I… did this.” He blames himself for financing the rebellion, Tydeus thought. “Shhh, no the Macedonians did.” But it was too late, the blankness was coming over his eyes and his muscles gave their last jerks. My brother. My erastes. The cold fury came over him then, only once before had he felt it, when Podaleirus had been wounded in the Lacedamonian campaign. But now it was worse, so much worse. He wrapped him in his chlamys, dropped his shield to balance the weight, and sprinted up to the Temple.

Alkyone tugged a curled tendril. It was already limp and had been uneven anyway. She’d had to do the curling herself after all the slaves have been requisitioned for the extra work to defend the city, then freed. Gods knew that Thraka could probably kill people as well as she curled hair, she had heard Thracians trained their women like men. I wish I had some training, or a sword, or even a curling stone Alkyone reflected. Stuck in the temple amongst the other high born ladies and some priests she felt like a bullock in the slaughter pen. The dark sidelong looks coming her way from everyone else weren’t helping either. Her father had promised to bring back Athenian aid before he left last week, but no one had expected Alexander the Macedonian to come down the coast so quickly.

“Stand up tall as a beacon, you are a Podaleirid descended from Aphrodite (Asklepios??), and it is up to you to keep the people’s spirits up” he had said before he left. Well she was standing tall, only because if she bent only a little she was sure she would topple over and vomit. The bright saffron dyed veil she had chosen looked enough like a beacon, she saw to her chagrin that most women had chosen more somber dress. Most of her clothes were still in the house they had been staying at in Athens for the past 3 years since Macedon defeated the combined might of Athens and Thebes. Father had bought her the veil when the news had come that their old King Phillip had been killed. “Soon you’ll be wearing this on the slopes of the Kithairon for the Daedala again, little dove” her father had said, but the king’s young son hadn’t been the pushover everyone had bargained for.

She saw a priestess of Athena give a meaningful look to her companion and caught the word “abandoned.” No, father would never abandon us, abandon me, she thought, he said himself he was only bringing me back from Athens because he knew we could beat the Macedonians. But then, where was he? The din outside sounded like a festival day, but edged with bronze and clanging, like there was a whole parade of bronze beaters instead of just a few in a contingent. She wished she could just fly away like her pet heron she had released in the morning. Hopefully he’d be smart enough to fly back to the courtyard in Athens.

The din sounded so loud that when there was a thump on the door it was deafening. Everyone in the crowd gave a start, like flies on the beach buffeted in the wind. The old fat priest of Apollo squared his shoulders “This the ancient sacred precinct! No violence is to be done at the –“ “It’s Tydeus son of Medon” Alkyone felt a sigh of relief rise in her chest. Tydeus was practically her uncle, if he was here father must have sent him, everything would be alright! But then she saw his face, and the fresh stab of fear felt so much worse for the second’s respite. Once she had watched an old bear being baited, a rather poor show, he had just stood, huge and imposing, but with blank sad eyes. Tydeus had the same look about him, nothing but a huge bundle on his back. His eyes gazed around the crowd but looked past all of them at the same time. “…Tydeus?” she whispered, suddenly her throat was so tight she could hardly make a sound. His gaze snapped to her like a hawk to a song bird foolish enough to keep on singing “Alkyone! Come here! Come on!”

“Wait, what’s happening?!” The priest trailed in Tydeus’s wake, everyone moved aside as he walked towards her.

“The Moon Gate was breached, and the garrison got free.” So many gasped at once it sounded like a wind gust.

“But our men are fighting in the street! And the Athenians and Spartans have arrived?” The portly priest pushed his way in front of Tydeus, who turned his mad bear look upon him. “They’re sitting in the hills watching it happen. Alkyone –“ He grabbed her arm.

“So what are you doing?” The priests normally deep voice had risen to a hysterical octave “Grabbing your family and leaving? You coward! We agreed to fight to the last man!” He went to hit Tydeus’s unprotected side, but he just buffeted him with his other arm and knocked the priest flat. “The sacrilege—in the Amphion—“ he sputtered as Tydeus pulled Alkyone along and stepped over him. Suddenly everyone’s voices raised to compete with his. “What do you mean they’re not coming—“”Coward!” “Please take me too!” “Go back and fight, we can still win!” She saw one woman take out her pins and step forward threateningly. “Get ready to run” Tydeus said without looking at her. Alkyone nodded numbly at empty air. So we had lost but father hadn’t abandoned me. I was just going to have to run through a siege to god knows where.

Some irate woman had torn her veil nearly in half before they got to the outside columns of the temple. Alkyone’s chest felt too tight. It was like that awful day after Charonea but a hundredfold worse. At least there had still been some sunlight left when the runners had come calling out the calamitous news. And when the people cried out in the agora, it was only from grief than physical pain. And when she had fled with her oika, at least when she looked back the towers and pillars of Thebes stood strong against the twilight sky. Now, as Tydeus half led, half dragged her towards the Clay Gate she could see the ruins of the barracks corner, houses set a-light and carts being plundered. It was all too much when, as she choked back a wail, Tydeus muttered “Good.” “What could possibly be good?!” Alkyone keened. Gods, I sounded like a fury. “They’re all pouring into the side gate so the walls are no longer surrounded” his voice sounded too eerily calm and consistent, like a steady wind in the blustery autumn. “But how will we get the gate open by ourselves?” The closest gate to the Cadmeia was opened with several men; it was 5 times the height of a man. “There are ways for just two people to scale a wall.” They stopped at the wooden gatehouse, pasted to the wall like a swallow’s nest. Within Alkyone saw coils of rope and a narrow stairway. Pressing to the top of the stairs, Tydeus secured his bundle to a large basket attached to the ropes. “What is all this?” “Getting grain in and out during seiges. The boys were getting it ready, thinking it would take longer to breach…” Running over a pulley, the rope slowly lowered the basket to the other side of the wall. When it returned, Tydeus gestured for her to get in. It was a large enough basket to fit comfortably. When she was lowered, Tydeus called down, trying to keep quiet but have his voice carry at the same time “Wait a bit for me, I need to find the counterweight,” and left her view.

The large bundle he had carried sat opposite. Thank Hera for Tydeus, he knows just what to do and he brought supplies. What could be in there? She folded back a corner and felt bile climb her throat. A few fingers stuck out, just the brother and sister finger, but each had golden granulated rings, with swirling patterns etched in her memory. “Father?” The word wouldn’t come out. She pulled the cloak back further. The hand felt strange, not cold but just lukewarm. She heard the basket scrape along the wall but she couldn’t look up. She could barely see Tydeus cover the hand again through her tears. When he picked him back up and put him on his shoulders she just gazed down at the flattened grass. “What- what happened? Who killed him?” Suddenly that seemed extremely important. “Some Macedonian. I killed him.” Alkyone looked up. Tydeus had tears on his face too, and that horrible far away bear look. “But it was Alexander who truly killed him. He’ll have to die too.”

A harsh call rang out, closer than either of them had expected. “We have to go” Tydeus said, marching ahead. “But Athens is the other way!” “We’re not going back to Athens, after they see this, they’ll be ready to lick that Macedonian’s cavalry boots. Anyone related to the rebels will get thrown to the wolves.” “What?!” But my clothes, my jewelry, my pet heron... “We’re going to Ionia. Sardis will be safe enough. We’ll lie low until the Great King of Persia shows the Boy King some discipline.” Alkyone got up, shivering slightly. Her rent veil wasn’t much protection against the year’s end chill. Ionia.

----

#333 bc #Alkyone

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robokraft · 6 years ago

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25,280 days

By Robert Kraft

The total number of days between Saturday, July 16th, 1949 and Monday, October 1st, 2018 is 25,279 days. This is equal to 69 years, 2 months, and 15 days.

69 years and change. That's how long my brother lived, and how old he was the morning he took his last breath. At 5:30am that final morning, Eva, one of his two daughters, who had been doing the night shift, yelled up the stairwell in a tremulous voice, "Mom! Uncle Robbie! He's dying!"

Trudy, his wife of 39 years, and I groggily stumbled downstairs from our respective bedrooms, and there lay my big brother, still for the first time in days. October 1st, 2018 was the 25,280th day of his life, and also his last. And he only had five and a half hours of that autumn morning. By 6am, eternity was his home.

The death last week of my oldest brother, the second and last of my two brothers to die, has been shocking, and sobering. The progression from "he has a lump" to "he has weeks to live" was a stunning development in the middle of an otherwise benign summer. In June, he was writing and reading in his study in Haverford, celebrating the recent release of his seventh book on Buddhism. He was always at the other end of the phone for our weekly calls - conversations about everything and nothing...family, Zen, tennis, children, America. He ended the summer in an urn, his cancerous, bruised, infected body reduced to a jar of ashes. Did this really happen?

I started to do the math on how long he was alive. How many actual days - sunrises and sunsets - filled his time above ground, alive, sentient, physically present. Because suddenly that number became critical in the most obvious way. Every motion, decision, argument, kiss, stumble, meal, movie, conversation, meditation, party, resentment, bike ride, hug, and ocean swim added up to the contents of the life he just left. Anything he didn't do now remains undone. And anything he deemed important were the activities that occupied the hours, days, or decades of his life. No re-do's now.

My brother was a serious guy. He loved to laugh of course, and was incredibly adept at puns and wordplay, but at his core he was an academic and a scholar, and of course, a Buddhist.

I have a memory that revealed his tender side, and it was a surprising part of him to see. Shortly after he had first embraced Zen - it must have been around 1971, when he was 22 - we had a family event in New York City. On big occasions - birthdays, holidays, our family would go in to Manhattan to meet my grandparents and see a Broadway play together – usually a recent musical – and then have dinner afterwards at Sardi’s.

The play of that moment was “Godspell”, and we all sat in a row together. I was seated next to my big brother, who was looking pretty “Buddhist” – shaved head, serious demeanor. Ken wasn’t a huge fan of musicals either, so this must have been a challenge in his new life of solitude and silent introspection.

At one point during the show, the song “Day by Day” was performed, and I immediately fell in love with the tune. It was bittersweet and moving, and I was mesmerized. At the end of the song, I turned to Ken to say, “That was a good one, right?” and he was sitting there, crying. Tears were sliding down his cheeks, and he turned to me and said, “That’s it. Day by day. That’s what it’s all about.”

I don’t think I‘d ever seen my big brother cry. But 50 years later – after all the meditation, and solitude, and seriousness – that is the moment that reveals the part of him that I miss the most, my sweet, sensitive, searching big brother.

Day by day, Day by day,

Oh, dear Lord, three things I pray

To see thee more clearly

Love thee more dearly

Follow thee more nearly,

Day by day.

(Los Angeles, CA.; Oct 21, 2018)

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howaminotinthestrokesyet · 3 years ago

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Behind The Album: Don’t Believe the Truth

The sixth studio album from Oasis was released in May 2005 from Big Brother Records. The release had been delayed because Noel Gallagher had hoped for the record to come out in 2004. One delay came at the beginning of 2004 when Alan White abruptly left the group. He would be replaced by Ringo Starr’s son, Zak Starkey. Another issue emerged when the band began initially working with the band Death From Vegas. This group was started by Richard Fearless and Steve Helier, but Noel would later say that the songs they worked on in the winter of 2004 were unusable. “Unfortunately, after the recording process we decided we didn't like anything we had played/recorded during those three weeks, and because of commitments with Death in Vegas, Richard Fearless and Tim Holmes couldn't find any more time to give to the project." The band needed to go back to the drawing board because new songs had to be written, while some of the other tracks were reworked and recorded again. Noel did elaborate on the work done with the other group that there was nothing wrong with it, but they merely needed some more time on it. He also worried that there did not seem to be enough songs for a full album. The guitarist and singer would later describe it as trying to “polish a turd.” The tracks

"Turn Up the Sun", "Mucky Fingers", "A Bell Will Ring" and "The Meaning of Soul" all appeared on the release. During a short break, the tracks "Let There Be Love," "Lyla" and "Part of The Queue" would be written for the LP. Recording began again with Starkey at their Wheeler End Studios near the beginning of summer 2004. In June, the group debuted two new songs from these sessions including “The Meaning of Soul” and “A Bell Will Ring” at a concert in Poole and Glastonbury. Producer Dave Sardy had heard about the production issues over the project from Oasis manager Marcus Russell expressing an interest in working with them on Don’t Believe the Truth. As an audition, he mixed the songs done up to that point, which impressed the band leading to the decision to hire him as producer. After some short sessions at Olympic Studios, the group agreed to finish the album at his home studio in Los Angeles. After the delays, the album officially began in November 2004 at Capitol Records. The sessions would last for nine weeks there.

Upon completion, there was disagreement between Oasis and the label over what the first single released should be from Don’t Believe the Truth. The band wanted “Mucky Fingers,” but the record company pushed for “Lyla.” Initially, Noel had not intended for the track to even appear on the release. He had done a demo of it one year previous, so along with Dave Sardy they recorded a new vocal track and drum track to finish the song. The song went number one on the UK Charts and number 19 on the US Modern Rock Charts. Reflecting upon the decision after the pushback at first, Noel said “Lyla” had “done the business.” In May 2005, four tracks leaked from a promo disc of the album on iTunes in Germany. Apple explained it at the time as confusion over the dates of the official release. The actual release was supposed to be on the thirtieth of the month, not the third. The critics saw the album as a return to form, writing that it was some of their best work in almost ten years. One thing that stood out from this release was the fact that every band member contributed to it. Noel even mentioned this in an interview as why he liked making it. Some tracks saw him play bass, while either Andy Bell or Gem Archer took lead guitar. Such a move had never happened before. Liam Gallagher’s developing songwriting stood out as a pleasant surprise when looking back at the legacy of this album. Noel would go on to say that it gave Don’t Believe the Truth a much different vibe than other releases. The album made quite a few year end lists from music publications including Q Magazine’s number 4, number 25 in Mojo, New Musical Express would review the album in a look back in 2011 saying that it “introduced a sharper, crisper and occasionally experimental band.” Critics enjoyed the record as reflected by this statement from Allmusic summing it up. “All of which makes the resulting album, Don't Believe the Truth, a real shock. It's confident, muscular, uncluttered, tight, and tuneful in a way Oasis haven't been since Morning Glory.” Popmatters drove home another point that it was by no means a masterpiece, but the release gave hope to future Oasis records, which in the end became slightly ironic. “Don't Believe the Truth is far from a perfect album, but despite the four or five throwaway tracks, the fact that some actual positive energy can be heard in Oasis's music for the first time in nearly a decade is enough to give fans hope that there may be some life in this band yet.” Pitchfork gave the record a 4.7 absolutely hating almost every aspect of it, but what’s new about that site offering such an opinion anyway?

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cryptodictation · 5 years ago

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Evangelist John describes events that will happen at the sound of the 7 trumpets of the Apocalypse

Evangelist John is one of Jesus' favorite disciples and was the last to die. Jesus' confidence in John was so great that He left his mother in the care of the evangelist. After James's death, John took over the church in Ephesus, located in Asia Minor and founded by Paul years earlier.

Because of the gospel of Jesus, the Apostle John was arrested and tortured and finally exiled to the island of Patmos (Revelation 1: 9), in the Aegean Sea, near present-day Turkey, where he received the Revelation from the end times and was oriented towards the writing of the book (Revelation 1: 11) which was called Revelation or Book of Revelation.

The book opens with a loud voice asking John to write seven letters to the seven churches in Asia (Revelation 1: 11). In the letters, Jesus says what pleases God and what needs to be corrected so that a greater evil is avoided in each church:

For the church in Ephesus, the Lord directs them to return to first love;

For the church in Smyrna, the Lord directs them to continue to be faithful, even if their earthly life costs them, because only then will they receive the crown of eternal life;

For the church in Pergamos, Jesus guides them to repent of the sacrifices of idolatry and fornication;

For the church in Tiatira, Jesus tells them to leave Jezebel, the one who calls herself a prophetess. But, who teaches and deceives the servants, so that, 'fornicate and eat the sacrifices of idolatry', together with it;

For the church in Sardis, Jesus asks them to remember what they have received and to be vigilant, because they have not found perfection in the works that the church has destined for God;

For the church in Philadelphia, Jesus says that he will keep it from the hour of temptation, since the church has kept the Lord's Word of Patience and;

For the church that is in Laodicea, guides them to be either hot or cold, as lukewarm is not an acceptable situation for the Lord.

For all, the Lord asks them to repent of their sins and to achieve that victory so that they can be with the Father.

John describes the Altar of God

In chapter 4: 1-11 of the Apocalypse, John describes the Altar of the Most High, from where the Lamb takes the book and begins open the seven seals one by one marking the beginning of man's pain (Revelation 6: 1-12) before the events destined to the terrestrial globe. The first four seals are described by knights who tend to deceive, provoke wars, spread hunger and kill.

The remaining three seals mark the events in heaven with the prayer of the saints crying out for justice, the chaos in the cosmic universe directly impacting the planet earth and the appearance of the seven angels with the seven trumpets, the latter caused a silence in heaven for half an hour, as the evangelist John describes (Revelation 8: 1).

The seven trumpets (Revelation 8: 2) are nothing more than even greater pains that are promised to those who get rid of the love of God.

John describes the events after each blow of the trumpets

The angel blows the first trumpet: Upon sounding the first trumpet, the angel announces that a third of the trees and all the green grass has been burned (Revelation – 8: 7). Given this factor, it is possible to imagine that this fact will contribute to the instability of life on earth, changing the climate and intensifying weather phenomena. But, this is seen in the sound of the second trumpet.

The angel blows the second trumpet: At that moment, behold, ‘something like a great mountain burning with fire’ is thrown into the sea, killing a third of everything that exists in the sea and its ships (Revelation – 8: 8-9). Event, where you can imagine terrible tidal waves that will happen across the ocean. This factor will intensify when the angel blows the third trumpet.

The angel blows the third trumpet: John then sees the angel blow the trumpet where he announces a new catastrophe. This time it is ‘a great star burning like a torch and which is called absinthe that falls on‘ a third of the rivers, and over the springs of the water ’(Revelation 8: 10). With this factor João sees men die from the waters, ‘because they have become bitter’.

The angel blows the fourth trumpet: The evangelist hears the sound of the fourth trumpet and then visualizes a ‘third part of the sun, and a third part of the moon, and a third part of the stars’, darkening affecting the brightness of day and night (Revelation 8: 12). Then, John sees an angel alert to the sound of the three remaining trumpets, these will directly affect the man (Revelation 8: 13).

The angel blows the fifth trumpet: When he touches the fifth trumpet, behold, John sees a star descending from heaven to whom the 'key to the deep pit' was given, from which smoke came out, which darkened the air and the sun, and locusts came out of it, for which peace was permitted. of man (who does not have the seal of God on his foreheads) on earth attacking him for five months, during which time man will seek death, but will not find it (Revelation 9: 1-12).

The angel blows the sixth trumpet: John sees the angel blow this trumpet and soon hears a voice that asks the angel to release the four angels who are trapped in the Euphrates River who are prepared to kill a third of men at the time, day, month and year determined by God. . The evangelist visualizes and hears a total of two hundred million armies of horsemen (Revelation 9: 13-21).

The seventh trumpet announces the secret of God, not revealed by John

After the previous facts, behold, the disciple sees an even stronger angel descend in a cloud and who emits the sound of the seven thunders where he reveals the secret of God to them, yet a voice descends from heaven and forbids him to write what was emitted by the seven thunders.

Thus, on the day that the seventh trumpet sounds, God's secret will be revealed to all (Revelation 10: 1-11). After these things something wonderful is coming.

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lovenerdywinnerbouquetfan-blog · 7 years ago

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"Sardis Tennessee Cheap car insurance quotes zip 38371

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for someone who is terminally ill and not expected to live for another year?

What's the best dental insurance provider for an individual that is not through an employer benefit package

I'm a freelancer so I can't really get insurance through my employer now. But I need to get my wisdom teeth removed, and will need braces as well. I may need jaw surgery eventually too. So what is the best dental insurance for individuals. Only respond if you have got the insurance yourself and are pleased with it.""

My friend got hit from behind and his car got totalled. How much $ can he get from insurance/lawsuit?

he's ok but was told to take 4 weeks off of work.

Can I finance or lease a car without auto insurance?

( I know I need the insurance to drive the car) I am getting ready to purchase my first vehicle, I can afford a hefty down payment, but would like to lease or finance so I can build up my credit. The problem is that I currently do not have any auto insurance whatsoever. How would I go about financing or leasing a car. Am I able to get non-owners insurance and transfer that to the new car, or show it as proof of insurance, or maybe sign the papers, get the insurance on the car.. and then show them the proof of insurance???""

How much will i pay in car insurance for a used mid range priced vehicle?

i am a 20 year old single mother who lives with her parents and works full time.

Car insurance change of address?

My car is registered in upstate but I came to ny recently because of my recently wife. I just leased a brand new car like two weeks ago and they are asking me for proof of residency. I registered the new car in hicksville li not in upstate. So i want to change my car insurance to hicksville but after a week change it back to upstate. Will there be any conflicts with my car insurance? Please help..

What is the CHEAPEST car insurance anyone can find for a 17 year old male!?

i no this is a problem for many my age but i can only find quotes for 3000, i dont want any answers saying that is the cheapest or things like that, i no now some jerk will now ive said it, but there is a way i just cant find it!!""

Do I need insurance to register my car in Illinois?

I just bought a car and wanna get the plates and everything right away. Can I register my car without proof of insurance? Remember its Illinois

I'm pregnant. Can I use my boyfriends insurance?

I am only 6 weeks pregnant and we aren't married yet. I was wondering if there was a way I can use my boyfriends insurance (Kaiser) for doctor visits and child birth. I have heard that we may have to add me on his as a domestic partner, is this right? And does Kaiser add domestic partners on a members plan? Any advice would help.""

What is better - socialized medicine or affordable health insurance?

""How much would a car payment and insurance be a month for a $40,000 car?""

im turning 16 so ins. would be more. Thanks

If I take out home/car insurance?

But don't declare a conviction for violence from 20yrs ago (when asked do you have any convictions ) would the insurance be void or if I declare would the quote shoot up

What is voluntary access on car insurance?

i saw it on the go compare web site but i dont know what it is as im a 1st time driver

Rover75 rear hit by a 4x4. Garage says not repairable what do I do? how much will the insurance pay?

The 4x4 damaged the rear end of my Rover 75, impossible to shut boot and lights not working. The garage and insurance now say it is not repairable. - but even after the accident, the car was driving perfectly. How much will the insurance company pay? Will they? Is there any way I can get the car fixed?""

Can i switch my health insurance policy -?

hello, i work for a small consulting firm , < 10 employees..on their w2. they provide me a group health insurance for my family (me ,wife and < 1yr old kid) and i pay around $900 every month without vision and dental coverage..all my contribution..and it is with united health care group now - with this new obamacare what options do i have 1. if i switch , will i get a cheaper coverage ? 2. what is that policy exchange ..i hear this a lot these days 3. if i had to switch my policy.who should i approach.. what would you advise for me..pleae advise me on getting a cheaper coverage""

First car accident - forgot to get insurance info?

Do insurance companies use mortality rates to set premiums and other costs for certain age groups? Why?

What is the cheapest insurance for a teen?

what insurance company will be more affordable for a teen

Please Recommend Cheap & Hassle Free Car Insurance?

I am looking for cheap car insurers that DO NOT - Ask to see license sent through the post or does not check records with the DVLA or has the option to refuse. Please only recommend if you use yourself or know someone who does. No reviews please, just insurers that don't check at the start of the policy. My initial thought was Tescogood or bad idea? 10 points today for most relevant answer. Thanks!""

Sardis Tennessee Cheap car insurance quotes zip 38371

Question about Student Discounts for car insurance?

I took the following two courses during high school and was just wondering if car insurance companies accept both courses as a student discount or will they only accept one? -->I paid and took for the Driver's Education course with my high school. -->I later took a free course called the Defensive Driving Courses - Alive at 25 . Are both accepted into my policy for discount or only one?

How much would full coverage auto insurance in California cost if i've had my license for 9 1/2 years?

Plus a good driving record & I am 29 years old.

What are short-term life insurance needs?

I currently have a 5 year term life insurance policy with State Farm and I was wondering if it were possible for me to make a withdrawl or loan from this policy. I researched this some and on some websites it said it wasn't possible; however whenever I look on State Farms website it says the below: The State Farm 5 Year Term policy provides affordable life insurance protection for a five year period and is renewable for subsequent 5-year periods until age 85 (age 80 in NY). It is great for covering any short-term life insurance needs you may have. Short-term life insurance needs may include such things as: * Car loan * College tuition * Home equity loan * Mortgage loan * Business loan * Student loan * Key employee Term insurance may also be appropriate when your life insurance needs are great but your budget is tight. Does this mean I can make a withdrawal so that I can pay off my student loans? Also, it seems that my policy has ended in December; however, I was still charged this month. The policy started in 2005.""

What is the cheapest insurance in alberta for a new driver?

Will making two collision claims (one major/ one minor ) within a 6 month period raise my auto insurance rates

I've never made a claim before this first one, a deer ran in front of my car and caused severe damage. Now five months later someone hit my car in parking lot (I think) nothing major just a 6 black mark that pushed the body in a bit. Will they raise my rates? If so then I would just go a get it fixed and pay for it all out of pocket.""

""Oh, crap...How much will this little incident raise my car insurance?""

Not too long ago, my friend skidded on a turn & took out the left-tailight area of my car. The light bulb was still working so my parents said I could go ahead & drive to school the next day; things were fine for days. But last night after the movies we were headed to one friend's house. But before we went there, she had to pick up her brother & his friends at some playground they were hanging out at. Her 5-person car was filled & so her brother & one friend needed to ride with me. I don't have my 6-months up (for being able to drive others beside family; I know, bad) but since the hangout was so close to her house, I said go ahead, jump in & we'll go home. So we head up a hill from that spot & at the very first turn, I see those nasty red & blue lights & pulled over. The cop said he pulled me over for having a tailight out (not true by the way--the whole bulb thing) & then he charged me with a nasty ticket, $532 of it for not having my insurance card with me. Which after the whole...""

Is it illegal to not have insurance?

I was looking online and saw something in my state for someone getting arrested for not having insurance. My car is insured, but the insurance is not in my name and is under someone else's name and they pay for it. Is it illegal for there not to be an insurance in my name as well?""

Why is car insurance so expensive?

I'm going in for my test in a few weeks and I'm looking to get just a cheap car to get me from a to b but prices are so ridiculous. I got a quote on a 106 3door 1litre engine the cheapest was just under 900 with a company iv never heard of and my dearest was 4600 with asda even though my beautys going to be sleeping in the garage:) why are they such ridiculous prices?

Which of the following medical expenses are deductible for AGI?

#NAME?

Cheapest car insurance company in michigan?

I used to pay 25 bucks a month for car insurance, but now I am in michigan, the chepast from progressive is about 70 bucks a month, that's 3 times what I used to pay. Is there a company that will offer a cheaper rate than progressive? If it wasn't for the possibility of being arrested by cops for driving without insurance, I will never buy insurance period. Never had an accident caused by me EVER.""

No insurance and pregnant.?

Serious answers only please. I'm currently 13 weeks pregnant without insurance. Also, I live in Pennsylvania. I have had prenatal checkups and bloodwork and stuff done, but my mother-in-law in paying out of her pocket for everything. My husband and I already applied for Medicare/Medicaid through the assistance office, but we got denied because we slightly make too much money. At my work, pregnancy is a pre-existing condition and it won't be covered on my insurance if I picked it up. The only other thing that I have done so far is apply for something at our hospital called the I-Care Fund. It only pays a % of laboratory work that you get done at the hospital such as bloodwork, etc. And they are going to pay 40% of the laboratory fees and a woman at the office said that it might cover the labor, but she's not sure. If anyone has any other advice on what I should do, please tell me. I feel really bad that my mother-in-law has to pay for everything.""

What are the best/cheapest insurance companies in the uk for motorbikes?

and yes i will only of just passed my Direct Access and likely to be riding a 600cc.....thanks

How much money off my insurance will driving school save me?

I live in calgary alberta and my dad just put me into driving school. I was wondering, by how much money would my parents monthly insurance costs be raised with out driving school if i were an occasional driver. How much money is it going to go up by after i take the driving school? im a 17 year old male. i dont have my licence yet but im taking the road test on friday, the day of my final driving course.""

Any affordable health insurance?

i am trying to look for health insurance right now and im trying to look for one thats good any suggestions?

Would insurance for a mustang cost alot for a 16 yr girl with a B average?

i would be on my dad's insurance. i wouldn't get a new one; the one i'd get would probably be from the 80's or 90's. and if it would be alot, is there another fast-looking (it doesn't have to actually be fast) that wouldn't be too expensive for insurance?""

What is more important? Health Insurance or House/Car Insurance?

If you could only afford one. Which would you pick? Health insurance or House and Car insurance.

Auto insurance question (Mitsubishi Lancer?

I can call Allstate and find this out. However, I don't feel like staying on the line forever. Is the Mitsubishi Lancer consider a sports car according to auto insurance poilcy or is it just your average everyday sedan?""

Any Car insurance in boston open past 5pm?

any Car insurance in boston open past 5pm

Does color of car affect insurance rates?

In the market for brand new car. Does color matter with insurance? I've heard red is most expensive.

Car insurance for 16 year olds...?

How much difference would the insurance be for a 16year old if the car make was either a comaro with a v6 or something else with a v6, like a nissan or mazda. Does the make of the car make a difference? I have good student and a bunch of other thngs that make discounts but was wondering if there is a big difference between just the make of the car. Im looking at buying the 2010 comaro if the insurance doesnt change tht much...... any info is great! :) thanks!""

Speeding ticket question on car insurance and notifications.?

Alright, so recently I recieved a speeding ticket out of my state while driving my friends car. I was wondering if this makes either his or my car insurance rates go up. Also, is there any way that our parents would be notified of this ticket? I heard a notification gets sent in the mail. Also, in the event that it does affect car insurance or a notification is sent in the mail, is there any way our parents would find out where the ticket took place? Thanks""

""Getting a used car, and insurance the same day (which first)?""

Today I will be looking at a used car a costumer has in their mechanics shop. There is a Geico agent right around the corner from where the vehicle is, and I would like to know, if I should get insurance on the car before I test drive it, or after I know I want to buy it. I also would like to know how will I drive it after I have bought it without it's license plates, and if I can would I be able to take it to the DMV, and get plates the same day?""

Cancer survivor getting health insurance or life insurance.?

I'm a childhood bone cancer survivor. I had osteosarcoma back in 1992 and had my leg amputated but the cancer never returned and the only issue after is I can't donate blood. I'm Canadian living in the province of Newfoundland. and while Canadian's have most of their health care covered though taxes most medications, private rooms, ambulance services, dental, and other services are not covered by all provinces. ( the big one for me is no coverage of prosthetic limbs) I was covered under my parents health insurance and will continue to be covered until I finish university. I'm also covered partly under my Fiance's work health insurance ( not very much) I'm getting married in 2010 and want to get some extra coverage for myself and any future family. I also want to get life insurance because I want my Fiance and family taken care of should any thing happen. The only other health concern I have is hypothyroidism. but I'm on medication which controls it and it's not serious. Can I get life and health insurance. any experience from other cancer survivors would be appreciated.""

How much will insurance cost? (teen driver)?

im 16 and im getting my license in a week or so and i was wondering how much will the insurance cost? im going to be driving a 2003 corolla and my parents have state farm. any help? thanks!

Which company provides the cheapest car insurance in the UK?

I recently passed my driving test, so for a first time driver its going to be high but what if i am an additional driver""

Sardis Tennessee Cheap car insurance quotes zip 38371

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-health-insurance-can-i-get-low-income-american-college-stuart/"

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jonespet72us · 7 years ago

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WRITE ATTENTION GETTING ADVERTISEMENTS

The most important aspect of any business is selling the product or service. Without sales, no business can exist for very long. All sales begin with some form of advertising. To build sales, this advertising must be seen or heard by potential buyers, and cause them to react to the advertising in some way. The credit for the success, or the blame for the failure of almost all ads, reverts back to the ad itself. Generally, the "ad writer" wants the prospect to do one of the following: a) Visit the store to see and judge the product for himself, or immediately write a check and send for the merchandise being advertised. b) Phone for an appointment to hear the full sales presentation, or write for further information which amounts to the same thing. The bottom line in any ad is quite simple: To make the reader buy the product or service. Any ad that causes the reader to only pause in this thinking, to just admire the product, or to simply believe what's written about the product - is not doing its job completely. The "ad writer" must know exactly what he wants his reader to do, and any that does not elicit the desired action is an absolute waste of time and money. In order to elicit the desired action from the prospect, all ads are written according to a simple "master formula" which is: 1) Attract the "attention" of your prospect. 2) "Interest" your prospect in the product 3) Cause your prospect to "desire" the product 4) Demand "action" from the prospect Never forget the basic rule of advertising copywriting: If the ad is not read, it won't stimulate any sale; if it is not seen, it cannot be read; and if it does not command or grab the attention of the reader, it will not be seen! Most successful advertising copywriters know these fundamentals backwards and forwards. Whether you know them already or you're just now being exposed to them, your knowledge and practice of these fundamentals will determine the extent of your success as an advertising copywriter. CLASSIFIED ADS Classified ads are the ads from which all successful businesses are started. These small, relatively inexpensive ads, give the beginner an opportunity to advertise his product or service without losing his shirt if the ad doesn't pull or the people don't break his door down with demands for his product. Classified ads are written according to all the advertising rules. What is said in a classified ad is the same that's said in a larger, more elaborate type of ad, except in condensed form. To start learning how to write good classified ads, clip ten classified ads form ten different mail order type publications - ads that you think are pretty good. Paste each of these ads onto a separate sheet of paper. Analyze each of these ads: How has the writer attracted your attention - what about the ads keeps your interest - are you stimulated to want to know more about the product being advertised - and finally, what action must you take? Are all of these points covered in the ad? How strongly are you "turned on" by each of these ads? Rate these ads on a scale of one to ten, with ten being the best according to the formula I've given you. Now, just for practice, without clipping the ads, do the same thing with ten different ads from a Wards or Penney's catalog. In fact, every ad you see form now on, quickly analyze it, and rate it somewhere on your scale. If you'll practice this exercise on a regular basis, you'll soon be able to quickly recognize the "Power Points" of any ad you see, and know within your own mind whether an ad is good, bad or otherwise, and what makes it so. Practice for an hour each day, write the ads you've rated 8, 9 and 10 exactly as they've been written. This will give you the "feel" of the fundamentals and style necessary in writing classified ads. Your next project will be to pick out what you consider to be the ten "worst" ads you can find in the classifieds sections. Clip these out and paste them onto a sheet of paper so you can work on them. Read these ads over a couple of times, and then beside each of them, write a short comment stating why you think it's bad: Lost in the crowd, doesn't attract attention - doesn't hold the reader's interest - nothing special to make the reader want to own the product - no demand for action. You probably already know what's coming next, and that's right. Break out those pencils, erasers and scratch paper - and start rewriting these ads to include the missing elements. Each day for the next month, practice writing the ten best ads for an hour, just the way they were originally written. Pick out ten of the worst ads, analyze those ads, and then practice rewriting those until they measure up to doing the job they were intended to do. Once you're satisfied that the ads you've rewritten are perfect, go back into each ad and cross out the words that can be eliminated without detracting from the ad. Classified ads are almost always "finalized" in the style of a telegram. EXAMPLE: I'll arrive at 2 o'clock tomorrow afternoon, the 15th. Meet me at Sardi's. All my love, Jim. EDITED FOR SENDING: Arrive 2pm - 15th - Sardi's. Love, Jim. CLASSIFIED AD: Save on your food bills! Reduced prices on every shelf in the store! Stock up now while supplies are complete! Come on in today, to Jerry's Family Supermarkets! EDITED FOR PUBLICATION: Save on Food! Everything bargain priced! Limited Supplies! Hurry! Jerry's Markets! It takes dedicated and regular practice, but you can do it. Simply recognize and understand the basic formula - practice reading and writing the good ones - and rewriting the bad ones to make them better. Practice, and keep at it, over and over, every day - until the formula, the idea, and the feel of this kind of ad writing becomes second nature to you. This is the ONLY WAY to gain expertise in writing good classified ads. DISPLAY ADVERTISEMENTS A display or space ad differs from a classified ad because it has a headline, layout, and because the style isn't telegraphic. However, the fundamentals of writing the display or space ad are exactly the same as for a classified ad. The basic difference is that you have more room in which to emphasize the "master formula." Most successful copywriters rate the headline and/or the lead sentence of an ad as the most important part of the ad, and in reality, you should do the same. After all, when you ad is surrounded by hundreds of other ads, and information or entertainment, what makes you think anyone is going to see your particular ad? The truth is, they're not going to see your ad unless you can "grab" their attention and entice them to read all of what you have to say. Your headline, or lead sentence when no headline is used, has to make it more difficult for your prospect to ignore or pass over, than to stop and read your ad. If you don't capture the attention of your reader with your headline, anything beyond is useless effort and wasted money. Successful advertising headlines - in classified ads, your first three to five words serve as your headline - are written as promises, either implied or direct. The former promises to show you how to save money, make money, or attain a desired goal. The latter is a warning against something undesirable. EXAMPLE OF A PROMISE: Are You Ready To Become A Millionaire - In Just 18 Months? EXAMPLE OF A WARNING: Do You Make These Mistakes In English? In both of these examples, I've posed a question as the headline. Headlines that ask a question seem to attract the reader's attention almost as surely as a moth is drawn to a flame. Once he's seen the question, he just can't seem to keep himself from reading the rest of the ad to find out the answer. The best headline questions are those that challenge the reader; that involve his self esteem, and do not allow him to dismiss your question with a simple yes or no. You'll be the envy of your friends is another kind of "reader appeal" to incorporate into your headline whenever appropriate. The appeal has to do with basic psychology: everyone wants to be well thought of, and consequently, will read into the body of your ad to find out how he can gain the respect and accolades of his friends. Wherever and whenever possible, use colloquialisms or words that are not usually found in advertisements. The idea is to shock or shake the reader out of his reverie and cause him to take notice of your ad. Most of the headlines you see day in and day out, have a certain sameness with just the words rearranged. The reader may see these headlines with his eyes, but his brain fails to focus on any of them because there's nothing different or out of the ordinary to arrest his attention. EXAMPLE OF COLLOQUIALISM: Are You Developing a POT BELLY? Another attention-grabber kind of headline is the comparative priced magazine headline: Three For Only $3, Regularly $3 Each! Still another of the "tried and proven" kind of headlines is the specific question: Do You Suffer From These Symptoms. And of course, if you offer a strong guarantee, you should say so in your headline: Your Money Refunded, If You Don't Make $100,00 Your First Year. How To headlines have a very strong basic appeal, but in some instances, they're better used as book titles than advertising headlines. Who Else wants in on the finer things - which your product or service presumably offers - is another approach with a very strong reader appeal. The psychology here being the need of everyone to belong to a group - complete with status and prestige motivations. Whenever, and as often as you can possible work it in, you should use the word "you" in your headline, and throughout your copy. After all, your ad should be directed to "one" person, and the person reading your ad wants to feel that you're talking to him personally, not everyone who lives on his street. Personalize, and be specific! You can throw the teachings of your English teachers out the window, and the rules of "third person, singular" or whatever else tends to inhibit your writing. Whenever you sit down to write advertising copy intended to pull the orders - sell the product - you should picture yourself in a one-on-one situation and "talk" to your reader just as if you were sitting across from him at your dining room table. Say what you mean, and sell HIM on the product your offering. Be specific and ask him if these are the things that bother him - are these the things he wants - and he's the one you want to buy the product... The layout you devise for your ad, or the frame you build around it, should also command attention. Either make it so spectacular that it stands out like lobster at a chili dinner, or so uncommonly simple that it catches the reader's eye because of its very simplicity. It's also important that you don't get cute with a lot of unrelated graphics and artwork. Your ad should convey the feeling of excitement and movement, but should not tire the eyes or disrupt the flow of the message you are trying to present. Any graphics or artwork you use should be relevant to your product, it's use and/or the copy you have written about it. Graphics should not be used as artistic touches, or to create an atmosphere. Any illustrations with your ad should compliment the selling of your product, and prove or substantiate specific points in your copy. Once you have your reader's attention, the only way you are going to keep it, is by quickly and emphatically telling him what your product will do for him. Your potential buyer doesn't care in the least how long it's taken you to produce the product, how lone you have been in business, nor how many years you've spend learning your craft. He wants to know specifically how he is going to benefit form the purchase of your product. Generally, his wants will fall into one of the following categories: Better health, more comfort, more money, more leisure time, more popularity, greater beauty, success and/or security. Even though you have your reader's attention, you must follow through with an enumeration of the benefits you can gain. In essence, you must reiterate the advantages, comfort and happiness he'll enjoy - as you have implied in your headline. Mentally picture your prospect - determine his wants and emotional needs - put yourself in his shoes, and ask yourself: If I were reading this ad, what are the things that would appeal to me? Write your copy to appeal to your reader's wants and emotional needs/ego cravings. Remember, it's not the "safety features" that have sold cars for the past 50 years - nor has it been the need of transportation - it has been, and almost certainly always will be the advertising writer's recognition of people's wants and emotional needs/ego cravings. Visualize your prospect, recognize his wants and satisfy them. Writing good advertising copy is nothing more or less than knowing "who" your buyers are; recognizing what he wants; and then telling him how your product will fulfill each of those wants. Remember this because it's one of the "vitally important" keys to writing advertising copy that does the job you intend for it to do. The "desire" portion of your ad is where you present the facts of your product; create and justify your prospect's conviction, and cause him to demand "a piece of the action" for himself. It's vitally necessary that you present "proven facts" about your product because survey results show that at least 80% of the people reading your ad - especially those reading it for the first time - will tend to question its authenticity. So, the more facts you can present in the ad, the more credible your offer. As you write this part of your ad, always remember that the more facts about the product you present, the more product you'll sell. People want facts as reasons, and/or excuses for buying a product - to justify to themselves and others, that they have not been "taken" by a slick copywriter. It's like the girl who wants to marry the guy her father calls a "no good bum." Her heart - her emotions - tell her yes, but she needs to nullify the seed of doubt lingering in her mind - to rationalize her decision to go on with the wedding. In other words, the "desire" portion of your ad has to build belief and credibility in the mind of your prospect. It has to assure him of his good judgment in the final decision to buy - furnish evidence of the benefits you have promised - and afford him a "safety net" in case anyone should question his decision to buy. People tend to believe the things that appeal to their individual desires, fears and other emotions. Once you have established a belief in this manner, logic and reasoning are used to support it. People believe what they "want" to believe. Your reader "wants" to believe your ad if he has read it through this far - it is up to you to support his initial desire. Study your product and everything about it - visualize the wants of your prospective buyers - dig up the facts, and you'll almost always find plenty of facts to support the buyer's reasons for buying. Here is where you use results of tests conducted, growing sales figures to prove increasing popularity, and "user" testimonials or endorsements. It's also important that you present these facts - test results, sales view, and not that of the manufacturer. Before you end this portion of your ad and get into your demand for action, summarize everything you've presented thus far. Draw a mental picture for your potential buyer. Let him imagine owning the product. Induce him to visualize all of the benefits you have promised. Give him the keys to seeing himself richer, enjoying luxury, having time to do whatever he would like to do, and with all of his dreams fulfilled. This can be handled in one or two sentences, or spelled out in a paragraph or more, but it is the absolute ingredient you must include prior to closing the sale. Study all the sales presentations you have ever heard - look at every winning ad - this is the element included in all of them that actually makes the sale for you. Remember it, use it, and don't try to sell anything without it. As Victor Schwab puts is so succinctly in his best selling book, How To Write A Good Advertisement: Every one of the fundamentals in the "master formula" is necessary. Those sitting across from him at your dining people who are "easy" to sell may perhaps be sold even if some of these factors are left out, but it's wiser to plan your advertisement so that it will have a powerful impact upon those who are "hardest" to sell. For, unlike fact-to-face selling, we cannot in printed advertising come to a "trial close" in our sales talk - in order to see if those who are easier to sell will welcome the dotted line without further persuasion. We must assume that we are talking to the hardest ones - and that the more thoroughly our copy sells both the hard and the easy, the better chance we have against the competition for the consumer's dollar - and also the less dependent we will be upon the usual completely ineffective follow through on our advertising effort which later takes place at the sales counter itself. ASK FOR ACTION! DEMAND THE MONEY! Lots of ads are beautiful, almost perfectly written, and quite convincing - yet they fail to ask for or demand action form the reader. If you want the reader to have your product, then tell him so and demand that he send his money now. Unless you enjoy entertaining your prospects with your beautiful writing skills, always demand that he complete the sale now, by taking action now - by calling a telephone number and ordering, or by writing his check and rushing it to the post office. Once you have got him on the hook, land him! Don't let him get away! Probably, one of the most common and best methods of moving the reader to act now, is written in some form of the following: All of this can be yours! You can start enjoying this new way of life immediately, simply by sending a check for $XX! Don't put it off, then later wish you had gotten in on the ground floor! Make out that check now, and "be IN on the ground floor!" Act now, and as an "early-bird" buyer, we'll include a big bonus package - absolutely free, simply for acting immediately! You win all the way! We take all the risk! If you are not satisfied, simply return the product and we will quickly refund your money! Do it now! Get that check on its way to us today, and receive the big bonus package! After next week, we won't be able to include the bonus as a part of this fantastic deal, so act now! The sooner you act, you more you win! Offering a reward of some kind will almost always stimulate the prospect to take action. However, in mentioning the reward or bonus, be very careful that you don't end up receiving primarily, requests for the bonus with mountains of requests for refunds on the product to follow. The bonus should be mentioned only casually if you are asking for product orders; and with lots of fanfare only when you are seeking inquiries. Too often the copywriter, in his enthusiasm to pull in a record number of responses, confuses the reader by "forgetting about the product," and devoting his entire space allotted for the "demand for action" to sending for the bonus. Any reward offered should be closely related to the product, and a bonus offered only for immediate action on the part of the potential buyer. Specify a time limit. Tell your prospect that he must act within a certain time limit or lose out on the bonus, face probably higher prices, or even the withdrawal of your offer. This is always a good hook to get action. Any kind of guarantee you offer always helps you produce action from the prospect. And the more liberal you can make your guarantee, the more product orders you will receive. Be sure you state the guarantee clearly and simply. Make it so easy to understand that even a child would not misinterpret what you are saying. The action you want your prospect to take should be easy - clearly stated - and devoid of any complicated procedural steps on his part, or numerous directions for him to follow. Picture your prospect, very comfortable in his favorite easy chair, idly flipping through a magazine while "half-watching" TV. He notices your ad, reads through it, and he is sold on your product. Now what does he do? Remember, he's very comfortable - you have "grabbed" his attention, sparked his interest, painted a picture of him enjoying a new kind of satisfaction, and he is ready to buy... Anything and everything you ask or cause him to do is going to disrupt this aura of comfort and contentment. Whatever he must do had better be simple, quick and easy! Tell him without any ifs, ands or buts, what to do - fill out the coupon, include your check for the full amount, and send it in to us today! Make it as easy for him as you possibly can - simply and dirert. And by all means, make sure your address is on the order form he is supposed to complete and mail in to you - your name and address on the order form, as well as just above it. People sometimes fill out a coupon, tear it off, seal it in an envelope and don't know where to send it. The easier you make it for him to respond, the more responses you'll get! There you have it, a complete short course on how to write ads that will pull more orders for you - sell more of your product for you. It's important to learn "why" ads are written as they are - to understand and use, the "master formula" in your own ad writing endeavors. By conscientiously studying good advertising copy, and practice in writing ads of your own, now that you have the knowledge and understand what makes advertising copy work, you should be able to quickly develop your copywriting abilities to produce order-pulling ads for your own products. Even so, and once you do become proficient in writing ads for your own products, you must never stop "noticing" how ads are written, designed and put together by other people. To stop learning would be comparable to shutting off from the rest of the world. The best ad writers are people in touch with the world in which they live. Everytime they see a good ad, they clip it out and save it. Regularly, they pull what makes them good, and why they work. There's no school in the country that can give you the same kind of education and expertise so necessary in the field of ad writing. You must keep yourself up-to-date, aware of, and in-the-know about the other guy - his innovations, style, changes, and the methods he is using to sell his products. On-the-job training - study and practice - that's what it takes - and if you have got that burning ambition to succeed, you can do it too! QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 1. WHAT'S THE MOST PROFITABLE WAY TO USE CLASSIFIEDS... Classifieds are best used to build your mailing list of qualified prospects. Use classified to offer a free catalog, booklet or report relative to your product line. 2. WHAT CAN YOU SELL "DIRECTLY" FROM CLASSIFIEDS... Generally, anything and everything, so long as it doesn't cost more than five dollars which is about the most people will pay in response to an offer in the classifieds. These types of ads are great for pulling inquiries such as: Write for further information; Send $3, get two for the price of one; Dealers wanted, send for product info and a real money-maker's kit! 3. WHAT ARE THE BEST MONTHS OF THE YEAR TO ADVERTISE... All twelve months of the year! Responses to your ads during some months will be slower in accumulating, but by keying your ads according to the month they appear, and a careful tabulation of your returns from each keyed ad, you will see that steady year round advertising will continue to pull orders for you, regardless of the month it's published. I've personally received inquiries and orders from ads placed as long as 2 years previous to the date of the response! 4. ARE MAIL ORDER PUBLICATIONS GOOD ADVERTISING BUYS... The lease effective are the ad sheets. Most of the ads in these publications are "exchange ads," meaning that the publisher of ad sheet "A" runs the ads of publisher "B" without charge, because publisher "B" is running the ads of publisher "A" without charge. The "claimed" circulation figures of these publications are almost always based on "wishes, hopes and wants" while the "true" circulation goes out to similar small, part-time mail order dealers. Very poor medium for investing advertising dollars because everybody receiving a copy is a "seller" and nobody is buying. When an ad sheet is received by someone not involved in mail order, it is usually given a cursory glance and then discarded as "junk mail." Tabloid newspapers are slightly better than the ad sheets, but not by much! The important difference with the tabloids is in the "helpful information" articles they try to carry for the mail order beginner. A "fair media" for recruiting dealers or independent sales reps for mail order products, and for renting mailing lists, but still circulated amongst "sellers" with very few buyers. Besides that, the life of a mail order tab sheet is about the same as that of your daily newspaper. With mail order magazines, it depends on the quality of the publication and its business concepts. Some mail order magazines are nothing more than expanded ad sheets, while others - such as BOOK BUSINESS MART - strive to help the opportunity seekers with on-going advice and tips he can use in the development and growth of his own wealth-building projects. Book Business Mart is not just the fastest growing publication in the mail order scene today; it's also the first publication in more than 20 years to offer real help anyone can use in achieving his own version of "The American Dream" of building one's own business form a "shoestring beginning" into a multi-million dollar empire! 5. HOW CAN I DECIDE WHERE TO ADVERTISE MY PRODUCT... First of all, you have to determine who your prospective buyers are. Then you do a little bit of market research. Talk to your friends, neighbors and people at random who might fit this profile. Ask them if they would be interested in a product such as yours, and then ask them which publications they read. Next, go to your public library for a listing of the publications of this type from the Standard Rate & Data Service catalogs. Make a list of the addresses, circulation figures, reader demographics and advertising rates. To determine the true costs of your advertising and decide which is the better buy, divide the total audited circulation figure into the cost for a one inch ad: $10 per inch with a publication showing 10,000 circulation would be 10,000 into $10 or 10¢ per thousand. Looking at the advertising rates for Book Business Mart, you would take 42,500 into $15 for an advertising rate of less that THREE TENTHS OF ONE CENT PER THOUSAND. Obviously, your best buy in this case would be Book Business Mart because of the lower cost per thousand. Write and ask for sample copies of the magazines you have tentatively chosen to place your advertising in. Look over their advertising - be sure that they don't or won't put your ad in the "gutter" which is the inside column next to the binding. How many other mail order type ads are they carrying - you want to go with a publication that's busy, not one that has only a few ads. The more ads in the publication, the better the response the advertisers are getting, or else they wouldn't be investing their money in that publication. To "properly" test your ad, you should let it run through at least three consecutive issues of any publication. If your responses are small, try a different publication. Then, if your responses are still small, look at your ad and think about rewriting it for greater appeal, and pulling power. In a great many instances, it's the ad and not the publication's pulling power that's at fault! http://vsdmobile.com/blog/?p=209

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justforustravel-blog · 7 years ago

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Turkey to be seen the ancient city of 20 - #Antalya, #AssemblyArea, #Assos, #Denizli, #Ephesus, #Gobeklitepe, #Hattusa, #Herakleia, #Izmir, #Knidos, #Laodicea, #Magnesia, #Manisa, #Miletus, #Nicomedia, #Olympos, #Pergamon, #Sardis, #Troy, #Turkey, #UNESCOWorldHeritageList, #Xanthos, #Zeugma

New Post has been published on http://justforustravel.com/2017/10/08/turkey-to-be-seen-the-ancient-city-of-20/

Turkey to be seen the ancient city of 20

we can say that openly and proudly announced a very important point in terms of our country’s history and natural beauty. Throughout the country there are towns that sheds light on the unique beauty of the historical present. For instance, in Istanbul’s any place to go I guess if we’re digging in, something comes out of it, we’re in a country with that history degree of the ground. The ancient town is situated in one of the 78 full. The vast majority of them trade on the coast of the sea in ancient times in general, since it is generally found in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions. Even it would be time and money to set up jump on the bike and you’re going to do a country type of the ancient city. Surely will be a trip to remember.

the ancient city of Ephesus, Izmir

this ancient city is mentioned I’m sure when one of the first places that comes to mind. Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey’s is located in the town of Selcuk. Date B.C. 6000′ s goes up. Is important from the standpoint of Christianity. The Bible’s last name, and Hz. Jesus’s Deputy found one of the few cities where we were. Actually here should be evaluated according to 3 different times. These Neolithic, Hellenistic and Roman periods. But in general nowadays, a lot of people are artifacts of the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The ancient city of Ephesus, in fact, it is an ancient city with a large trade volume, but it started filling up with the silt brought Menderes River and the harbor declined. Port yaptirils or condition may not be prevented by the Emperor Hadrian for the cleaning work. Transportation is very easy. Izmir’s centre and from there go on the train from Selcuk below you will find very with the Van.

the ancient city of Ani, Kars

photo: kars.gov.tr

City, is located 42 km from Kars centre. The defence of the city in a favorable position to trade and hence location. Because of this we can say that it has been the center of attraction. The Silk Road also take it from here, made a great contribution to the city see this as a link. Contains a combination of cultural and religious motifs, which is a very important place. In the aftermath of the Seljuks and the Armenian rulers of the time built structures can be seen. Mosques, churches and cathedrals. 4500 feet long by 8 feet high walls was a city with Sudden. With its location near water resources and Sudden, in medieval times, have always had an important place.

the ancient city of Hattusa, Çorum

This is a Hittite city. Is approximately 80 km from Corum centre. In time the Hittite state was the central point of the capital. Also included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The announcement of the First World archaeologist carried out by a foreign name, in 1834, and was mainly the work of foreign archaeologists unearthed a lot of artifacts and field, and the city gained its present appearance. Also excavations have been found many remains from different periods, these are; the Phrygian, Assyrian, Hittite, Line, Byzantine, Celtic, and Roman remains dating from the period. Many in the city, inscriptions, reliefs, works, cuneiform, and the castle gate, there are big important buildings like the temple. The first treaty between Egypt and the Hittites, one of the most important in the history of the text of the Treaty of Kadesh, and now are exhibited in the Istanbul Archeological Museum was found here.

the ancient city of Herakleia, Mugla

the city of the five finger mountains Latmos was established in the foothills of the mountains so with the old name. Bafa’s easily accessible from the village of kapıkırı. The time you go to the village already great at ancient structures, temples you will notice. The city came under the rule of different rulers over the family of time. Alone without a guide if you want to see your chances of finding very, very low so comfortably accompanied by a local guide you can see rock paintings and frescoes from the early periods of Christianity.

Göbeklitepe, Sanliurfa

Gobeklitepe the city, rather than a cult. Assembly area, the living center is a place like this. The city also opened in front of the city, is a place that has literally lit up our history. Matter is that it has a feature that changed history as we know it. The present study, according to lead to our civilization about 12,000 years ago. Göbeklitepe, ever Hunter-gatherer societies contains important information that will change our ideas about.

the ancient city of Miletus, Aydın

Kent, Aydin’s is located northwest of the town of Didim. Didim which is the region where the Ionian Greeks lived the ancestors of today’s on the coast of an ancient temple city. The city hosts the temple of Apollo. The Greek name which means Twin “pillar” from the word. Some scientists of this name in the area comes from the temples of Apollo and Artemis, the twins. In the Hellenic world the most well-known prophecy of the city.

the ancient city of knidos, Mugla

Muğla’s an ancient city in the district of Datca. This city the property of Science, and the arts to educate people in this field it is important to give importance to. Eudoksos a famous scientist in the field of astronomy and Mathematics, medical scientists Eutyphron, painter polygnotos and one of the Seven Wonders of the world, the lighthouse of Alexandria’s architect was also all from here. The city administration also Persian’s name completely for fear of invasion half the island, tried to make a failed project. Many Hellenistic and Roman theatres and temples here as there are several in the ancient city.

çatalhöyük, Konya

dating back to the Neolithic period çatalhöyük is an ancient city. One of the first cities in the Mediterranean region and the best preserved site from the Neolithic period until now. Konya’s located in the southeast region, çatalhöyük’s population of 10,000’s reached e estimated. It was founded as the buildings pretty close to each other.

the ancient city of Zeugma, Gaziantep

one of the significant settlements of the kingdom of commagene zeugma ancient the 4. A series of zeugma bridging the Tigris river boat so the name of the region’s dan takes. Alexander the great the region’s one of the generals, seleucus Nicator founded by. During the most intense period of the population, said to contain 80,000 people. Located in the city of Gaziantep today.

ancient Olympos, Antalya

photo: olymposdeepgreen.com

as seen in the most ancient cities in general, this is a port city, right by the sea. It was founded in the Hellenistic period. In general the city in Hellenistic, Roman and Lycian’subscribers ‘ characteristics are observed. From time to time, the city after taking control of the pirates, and more Pirates of the city from a Roman commander has made a habitable place cleaned up. The name of the city belonging to Lycian coins were minted. And, I think, is a very pleasant place to be seen in Olympos, you can visit it here and enjoy both nature and history.

the ancient city of Sardis, Manisa

foto: Sinan doğan

This is a big problem in our life, “money” that brought the ancient city. Jokes aside, this is a city of Lydia pressed the money first. Manisa’s also be found in Izmir’e is 80 km away. I would recommend to go and see the ruins. You can see the big buildings has remained largely intact and the remains are still around. Mine here has an important place formerly precious stone, this quartz still continues. Temple, library, large structures, such as the King’s Tomb they stand intact. According to sources, the famous King’s Road starts here.

the ancient city of Pergamon Izmir

photo: biblical Archaeology

Izmir’s is located in the town of bergama UNESCO World Heritage List. Was the capital of the kingdom of Pergamon. The building is located in a very huge city. These temples, a theater, library, structures such as sur. Then after Christ, the kingdom of Pergamon 4. century came under the reign of the Roman Empire. The city is based on a coincidence of uncovering. Izmir’s The result of a German railroad engineer who came to the attention of e will occur, and then resumes after the work of German archaeologists in the city, a very large and important works of Germany’is either taken. Excavations are still ongoing, and even if I’m not mistaken from the month of last November 2014 to 2020′ up a part of the city was closed for excavation works.

the ancient city of Troy Canakkale

photo: basin.kultur.gov.tr

the ancient city of Troy is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List whether it is a very important place for our country. The earliest settlement in the region m of the layer.3000’is based on e up. Here’s is a settlement on the feature continuously for 3000 years and therefore is an important place to the historical record. Ephesus the ancient city of Miletus with the fate of its ill fate of this also has been the same. Karamenderes River brought silt that the port is closed and the town’s importance caused him to lose. Here’s another important point which has been the subject of the epic Trojan War, made from wood and used in that war. The war of Homer’s Iliad has been the subject of. The party who wants to conquer the city the story of the Trojan horse, the Trojan horse is a gift and those who accept the gift’s inside, men are unaware of this and it will be their end, it starts to spoil.

the ancient city of Magnesia, Aydin

photo: flickr.com

Kent, Aydin’s is located in germencik district. Anatolia’s or incoming Magnet’s was founded by city. And meander around the river is constantly changing and because of the damage to the city and therefore as a precaution against Persian attacks, the city has moved higher. In the new place more regular, planned and constructed the city, which was better than I was before. Around Priene, Ephesos and Tralleis cities like, thanks to promoted trade.

the ancient city of Laodicea, Denizli

photo: kulturvarliklari.gov.tr

Denizli’s North, m the history of the city.that 5500 years is based on 7. century has been active until placement. This is really a very big ancient city, the theatre I had the opportunity to see Remote, it was a really big Theater. The city’s water system was very well thought out. You are walking under the ground which allows the water to flow through a pipe system. Home to the largest Stadium in Anatolia, various numbers of temples, baths, Agora.Pilgrimage is a center for Christianity and the Bible also is very important because it’s last name restored to the church the light of day here.

the ancient city of Assos, Canakkale

photo: arkeolojihaber.net

according to the sources, the history of the ancient city of Assos m.6. as far as the century is going. Kent is a city on the coast, rise from the sea as it was built. The first excavations American archaeologists by the 1880’s started and continues until today in Li years. The ancient city is very huge. These are; the Agora, city walls, necropolis, the temple of Athena and the amphitheater been used for over 900 years. In addition, according to recent studies, Anatolia’s most ancient was founded here in the Capitol.

the ancient city of Xanthos, Mugla

photo: tursab.org.tr

the city of Fethiye’. Almost 4 miles of the ancient city of Letoon. Ancient Lycian’s administrative centre, and is a very important place. City m.that goes back to the 8th century. Respectively, into Persian, and then came under Roman rule. After that, it came under the reign of the Byzantine Empire. The incoming civilizations, respectively, that bring with them the cultural and historical heritage, the development of the city and has enabled us to gain a different view. The city has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

the ancient city of Nicomedia, Izmit

photo: gelarabul.com

Kent, in the Gulf of Izmit, the king of bithynia 1. It was founded by nicomedes. Different rulers found in the city, although the city after a while, came under the control of the Roman Empire. The interesting thing Roman’s enemy, Hannibal of Carthage, the famous commander of his life, spent its last committed suicide here and here.

the ancient city of Aizanoi, Kütahya

photo: tr.wikipedia.org

Kent, Kütahya’s County is located in Çavdarhisar.The history of the city goes back to 3000 years ago. The region of bithynia and Pergamon in the Hellenistic period’s later came under the rule of the Roman Empire when it was under Rule. The first excavations have continued at various intervals until 1926 and the present sit on. The largest ancient structure in the city. Introduction recently began to carry out better. The city also houses one of the world’s oldest stock exchanges.

Alacahöyük, Çorum

the history of the mounds is home to many different layers and times. This feature also is built to strengthen agriculture and dedicated to the goddess in history, the presence of one of the first dams. In 1240 goes to history. Mound’Phrygian, Byzantine, Roman remains of various civilizations such as found. The first excavation work Ataturk’s own started with that provide financial aid.

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jonespet72us · 7 years ago

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