#‘Let agribusiness burn'

[probablyasocialecologist]

“Last summer, anti-drought actions multiplied. This summer, activists will act with even more fearlessness and creativity: cutting off hoarders’ water supplies, putting golf courses out of action, dismantling megabasins, squatting the swimming pools of the ultra-rich and the air-conditioned offices of their insurers, banging saucepans outside pool manufacturers offices, building beaver dams to revive our rivers and their banks. Our inventiveness must have no limits.” This kind of activist communique follows two years of unseasonable drought across France. As of 30 June, 42 of France’s 96 mainland départements (administrative divisions) contain at least one area with water restrictions. 15 of these 42 are officially in crisis, meaning water usage is restricted to priority functions: health, civil security, drinking water and sanitation. It’s no surprise, then, that French climate groups are escalating their tactics in the fight over water. In August last year during water restrictions in Vosges in eastern France, activists drilled holes in jacuzzis at a holiday resort. Over the winter, others sabotaged artificial snow canons at Clusaz, south-eastern France, while others set up a ZAD (autonomous zone) in the area, citing the winter drought as their motivation.  The most contentious of these groups is Les Soulèvements de La Terre, or ‘Earth Uprising’, which is currently waging 100 days of action against “water hoarders” across the country. In response, the French state is cracking down on so-called eco-terrorism – and hard.

[...]

Earth Uprising doesn’t use the word sabotage to describe its militant action. In French jurisprudence, sabotage denotes an attack on infrastructure that’s vital to the “fundamental interests of the nation”, Basile explains. “A cement production site or a megabasin is the opposite – it’s private infrastructure which puts the possibility of a living future on the earth in peril.” Instead, activists prefer the term “disarmament”. Victor Cachard, author of A History of Sabotage, adds that this term is also a reference to the actions of the ecological movement in the US against the industries building weapons for the Vietnam War and later the Gulf War. “There was the idea among ecological activists to join their environmental struggle with their anti-war struggle, as they recognised that war pollutes,” he says.

[dailyanarchistposts]

Down On The Farm

The foot and mouth ‘epidemic’ in Britain was a massive abuse of animals and the land, caused by the pursuit of profit. Infected swill from schools, probably arising from the cheap imported meat schools use (cost-cutting before children’s health), was fed to pigs. Infected and disease-free animals were taken to large agri-business holding stations. The weak or unwanted were sold in local markets, spreading infection. The rest were transported hundreds of miles to fattening stations and mixed with other animals even though it is well known that livestock transported long distances are very susceptible to disease. Some were exported to Europe (after being infected), others sold after fattening to the abattoirs and then into the food chain. This industrial agriculture is forced upon farmers by a capitalism that must offer ever-cheaper goods to survive and the greed of the supermarkets for profit and market share. What is truly amazing is that foot and mouth disease cannot infect humans and does no more harm to animals than minor sores and milk that can’t be used. It wears off after a few weeks. In the 19th Century and abroad farmers simply let the disease burn itself out after killing very few animals. Why is it different in these islands? Because the supermarkets will not buy infected meat and farmers will not pay to feed a cow that even temporarily produces no milk. Foot and mouth was not a natural disaster, it was an economic disease, killing profits but of no harm to animals or humans. One million healthy, disease-free sheep were killed to protect the profits of the supermarkets and large agribusinesses, the ultimate indictment of capitalist profit motive and methods of organization. Globalisation and free trade are forcing intensive farming methods on farmers with disastrous consequences. In 1999 200,000 farmers in Europe gave up the unequal struggle and big business moved in. 10 companies worldwide control 60% of the international food chain. Four of them control the world supply of corn, wheat, tea, rice and timber. Massive subsidies, paid for by taxes on wages and non-agricultural businesses, swell the profits of the biggest farms and agricultural businesses, usually owned by large multi-national corporations – in the US, a total of $22bn. While western capitalism demands subsidy worth $362bn per year, the farmers of the rest of the world share just $18bn – if they can’t compete, they are accused of inefficiency by western ‘experts’ and legislated out of existence or driven to the wall by ‘free and fair’ competition.

Farmers are made more dependent on the multinationals by the fact that seed varieties (along with all forms of life) can now be patented and by being patented turned into private property. If farmers buy Monsanto’s Roundup Ready soya beans they have to sign a contract committing themselves to use only Monsanto chemicals, not to save any seed for replanting (one of the basics of sustainable agriculture) and be prepared to allow representatives of the company on to their farms for up to 3 years after the purchase to check this. In order to enforce these ‘Technology Use Agreements’ in the US, Monsanto have employed the Pinkerton private detective agency (famous for their violent strike breaking activities on behalf of US capital), they have named and shamed ‘guilty’ farmers in local radio station adverts and even opened a telephone hotline for people to dob in offenders. The fact that 475 farmers in the US and Canada broke their Technology Use Agreements and were sued by Monsanto is probably one of the reasons it developed ‘terminator’ technology, a technique where genes are inserted into a plant which render its seed non-viable; from the corporations point of view a great improvement — from ‘economic sterility’ to biological sterility. Monsanto is suing one farmer from Canada for growing seed without a license, when what actually happened was that his oilseed rape crop had been contaminated by pollen from GM crops on nearby farms. Of course the real aim of terminator technology is the untold sums of money to be made from stopping ‘Third World’ farmers from saving and sharing their seeds and making them dependent on high tech seed from the multinationals.

Nothing in the preceding paragraph should be taken to mean that we see large capitalist farmers in the US and Canada as being somehow victims of the corporations. Like large scale industrial farmers everywhere they are part of the corporate food production system of which GM is the latest stage: they exploit wage labour (although labour on farms is drastically reduced by the industrialisation process large scale industrial farming exploits wage labour massively in the chemical industry, machine production, transportation etc) and happily produce for the global market and act as a market for every new agro-chemical or GM seed produced. But already complaints of crop damage due to herbicide drift are starting to increase as the sprays farmers growing Roundup Ready GM use drifts onto the crops of farmers growing ordinary plants.

[lightdancer1]

No discourse on Twitter irritates me so much as this kind

In reality the medieval peasant had a nastier, brutish, shorter life than anyone living in the present. This is so even with the number of them that were freeholders in peasant communes. Medieval Europe, at least, did not believe in germ theory but even when Islam and China (IIRC, could be wrong) did that didn't make life better for generic peasant in the Caliphate or unified China, let alone 'Warring State' eras. Farming is brutal backbreaking work even in the 21st Century when agribusiness has made it a mechanized self-contained dystopia.

For medieval peasants whose greatest technological innovations were the mouldboard plow following the southbound end of a northbound mule or ox, it would have been worse. This is without factoring in things like sanitation or lack thereof, that peasant life was deeply and appallingly filthy, or that the various dues and obligations to lords make this already difficult life much harsher. Let alone if the King and/or nobles are having a war and your fields get trampled and burned and if you die of starvation your hard luck, Deus Vult.

What makes things still grimmer is that with the mouldboard plow and the three fields system by the high medieval era the medieval peasant was living better than his Roman Empire-era ancestor, let alone the non-state tribes raided and butchered by the Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans.

[walknstar1-blog]

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[allthebrazilianpolitics]

The Brazilian Amazon is still burning. Who is responsible?

As smoke poured into Sao Paulo, Brazil, the fires raging across the Amazon sparked international outrage. Some in the international community were quick to blame Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro for the flames. But Bolsonaro pointed to a dozen possible reasons for why the fires intensified, including blaming nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). His environment minister, Ricardo Salles, claimed the weather intensified the blaze. Environmental activists pointed to large agribusinesses. And former congressman John Delaney (Md.), a 2020 Democratic presidential candidate, said it was President Trump’s trade war with China that started it all.

All of those explanations cannot possibly be accurate simultaneously because some of them seem to contradict each other. So what’s going on here? Let’s dig in.

Fires in the rainforest don’t start themselves, but that doesn’t mean they are unusual. Every year in the dry season, roughly between August and October, deforestation fires are set by people who clear land for a variety of reasons — farming, ranching, mining, illicit activities, infrastructure.

Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE), which tracks fires in the Amazon, reports that the number of fires detected through September 2019 is up nearly 50 percent from the same period in 2018. (The number updates daily.) That said, the first nine months of 2019 have also seen roughly 10 percent fewer fires than the same period in 2017. Nevertheless, 2019 has seen just over 10,000 more fires than the Brazilian Amazon has seen on average over the past decade.

Douglas Morton, chief of the Biospheric Sciences Laboratory at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, uses satellite imagery to track fire activity and deforestation around the world. He said the Amazon is not on track for a record this year. “Our satellites allow us to go back to 2000 and compare 2019 fire activity all the way back to the beginning of this century,” Morton said. “Fires in 2019 haven’t reached the levels they were at in the early part of the 2000s.”

So who or what started the fires in Brazil’s Amazon?

The ongoing investigation proves the answer is not so clear-cut. (And none of the initial hypotheses checked out on their own.) The timing of the fires points to people who wanted to clear as much land as quickly as possible. The location generally suggests the fires were probably not started by major soy producers. At this point, we can’t be certain until crops appear (or don’t) on cleared land.

But the motives vary. Some fires were set as part of a coordinated action to show support for Bolsonaro’s environmental position. Others were started as part of annual burnings. History shows that this kind of uptick in fire activity happens when there is less oversight, and that can be brought on by an economic downturn or government policy changes.

In other words, Bolsonaro’s ambivalence toward environmental protections may not have directly lighted the first match, but it was a nod of approval to those who did.

Continue reading.

[bountyofbeads]

France's Macron calls Amazon rainforest fires an 'international crisis'

https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/23/americas/amazon-fires-macron-g7-intl-hnk/index.html

The Amazon is burning because the world eats so much meat

By Eliza Mackintosh | Updated 1 hour ago Aug 23, 2019 | CNN | Posted August 23, 2019 12:48 PM ET |

(CNN) - While the wildfires raging in the Amazon rainforest may constitute an "international crisis," they are hardly an accident.

The vast majority of the fires have been set by loggers and ranchers to clear land for cattle. The practice is on the rise, encouraged by Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil's populist pro-business president, who is backed by the country's so-called "beef caucus."

While this may be business as usual for Brazil's beef farmers, the rest of the world is looking on in horror.

So, for those wondering how they could help save the rainforest, known as "the planet's lungs" for producing about 20% of the world's oxygen, the answer may be simple. Eat less meat.

It's an idea that Finland has already floated. On Friday, the Nordic country's finance minister called for the European Union to "urgently review the possibility of banning Brazilian beef imports" over the Amazon fires.

Brazil is the world's largest exporter of beef, providing close to 20% of the total global exports, according the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) -- a figure that could rise in the coming years.

Last year the country shipped 1.64 million tonnes of beef -- the highest volume in history -- generating $6.57 billion in revenue, according to the Brazilian Beef Exporters Association (Abiec), an association of more than 30 Brazilian meat-packing companies.

The growth of Brazil's beef industry has been driven in part by strong demand from Asia -- mostly China and Hong Kong. These two markets alone accounted for nearly 44% of all beef exports from Brazil in 2018, according to the USDA.

And a trade deal struck in June between South America's Mercosur bloc of countries and the European Union could open up even more markets for Brazil's beef-packing industry.

Speaking after the agreement as announced, the head of Abiec, Antônio Camardelli, said the pact could help Brazil gain access to prospective new markets, like Indonesia and Thailand, while boosting sales with existing partners, like the EU. "A deal of this magnitude is like an invitation card for speaking with other countries and trade blocs," Camardelli told Reuters in July.

Once implemented, the deal will lift a 20% levy on beef imports into the EU.

But, on Friday, Ireland said it was ready to block the deal unless Brazil took action on the Amazon.

In a statement Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar described as "Orewellian" Bolsonaro's attempt to blame the fires on environmental groups. Varadkar said that Ireland will monitor Brazil's environmental actions to determine whether to block the Mercosur deal, which is two years away.

He added Irish and European farmers could not be told to use fewer pesticides and respect biodiversity when trade deals were being made with countries not subjected to "decent environmental, labor and product standards."

In June, before the furor over the rainforest began, the Irish Farmers Association called on Ireland not to ratify the deal, arguing its terms would disadvantage European beef farmers.

Deal or no deal, Brazil's beef industry is projected to continue expanding, buoyed by natural resources, grassland availability and global demand, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

And, with that growth, comes steep environmental costs.

Brazil's space research center (INPE) said this week that the number of fires in Brazil is 80% higher than last year. More than half are in the Amazon region, spelling disaster for the local environment and ecology.

Alberto Setzer, a senior scientist at INPE, told CNN that the burning can range from a small-scale agricultural practice, to new deforestation for mechanized and modern agribusiness projects.

Farmers wait until the dry season to start burning and clearing areas so their cattle can graze, but this year's destruction has been described as unprecedented. Environmental campaigners blame this uptick on Bolsonaro, who they say has encouraged ranchers, farmers, and loggers to exploit and burn the rainforest like never before with a sense of impunity.

Bolsonaro has dismissed accusations of responsibility for the fires, but a clear shift seems to be underway.

And if saving the rainforest isn't enough to convince carnivores to stop eating Brazilian beef -- the greenhouse gas emissions the cattle create may be.

Beef is responsible for 41% of livestock greenhouse gas emissions, and that livestock accounts for 14.5% of total global emissions. And methane -- the greenhouse gas cattle produce from both ends -- is 25 times more potent that carbon dioxide.

An alarming report released last year by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, said changing our diets could contribute 20% of the effort needed to keep global temperatures from rising 2°C above pre-industrial levels. Namely, eating less meat.

Still, global consumption of beef and veal is set to rise in the next decade according to projections from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

A joint report predicted global production would increase 16% between 2017 and 2027 to meet demand.

The majority of that expansion will be in developing countries, like Brazil.

France's Macron calls Amazon rainforest fires an 'international crisis'

By Helen Regan and Jessie Yeung |

Updated 11:55 AM ET Published Aug 23, 2019 | CNN | Posted August 23, 2019 12:57 PM ET |

(CNN) - French President Emmanuel Macron has angered his Brazilian counterpart by calling the wildfires blazing in the Amazon rainforest an "international crisis" that should be on the agenda at the G7 summit in Biarritz.

"Our house is burning. Literally. The Amazon rain forest -- the lungs of our planet which produces 20% of our oxygen -- is on fire. It is an international crisis," Macron tweeted Thursday.

"Members of the G7 Summit, let's discuss this emergency first order in two days!" he said, adding the hashtag #ActForTheAmazon.

On Friday, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson reiterated Macron's stance and said that international cooperation is needed to protect rainforests.

A Downing Street spokesperson told CNN that Johnson believes that "we need international action to protect the world's rainforests" and he "will use G7 to call for a renewed focus on protecting nature and tackling climate change together."

Earlier, Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar said that he would be ready to block a trade deal between the European Union and South American trade bloc MERCOSUR unless Brazil acted on the Amazon.

Brazil's far-right president Jair Bolsonaro blasted Macron's offer as "sensationalist" and accused him of using the fires for "political gain."

"I regret that President Macron is seeking to instrumentalize an internal issue in Brazil and in other Amazonian countries for personal political gains," Bolsonaro tweeted.

"The suggestion of the French president that Amazonian issues be discussed in the G7 without countries in the region participating is reminiscent of a colonial mindset inappropriate in the 21st century," he said in a second tweet.

The G7 nations are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK and the US.

Brazil's space research center (INPE) said this week that the country has seen an 85% increase in fires this year, compared with the same period last year. More than half were in the Amazon region, spelling disaster for the local environment and ecology.

And 99% percent of the fires result from human actions "either on purpose or by accident," said Alberto Setzer, a senior scientist at INPE. The burning can range from a small-scale agricultural practice, to new deforestation for a mechanized and modern agribusiness project, Setzer told CNN by email.

Environmental organizations and researchers say the wildfires were set by cattle ranchers and loggers who want to clear and utilize the land, emboldened by the country's pro-business president.

Amnesty International on Thursday said responsibility for the fires "lies squarely with President Bolsonaro and his government," adding that his government's "disastrous policy of opening up the rainforest for destruction (is) what has paved the way for this current crisis."

In a Facebook Live video Thursday, Bolsonaro suggested multiple parties -- including ranchers, NGOs and indigenous communities -- could be to blame.

"Who carries this out? I don't know. Farmers, NGOs, whoever it may be, Indians, whoever it may be," Bolsonaro said. He went on to say there are "suspicions" that ranchers are behind the forest fires and appealed to the Brazilian people to "help us" combat the blazes.

'LOOKING AT UNTOLD DESTRUCTION'

The Amazon is the largest tropical rainforest in the world and accounts for at least 10% of the planet's biodiversity.

It's home to huge numbers of mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles -- 75% of which are unique to the Amazon. A new plant or animal species is discovered there every two days.

But the forest and its inhabitants are facing an unparalleled threat from deforestation -- 20% of the Amazon biome has already been lost to mining, logging, farming, hydropower dams and roads, according to the World Wildlife Fund.

Deforestation accelerated more than 60% in June 2019 over the same period last year, INPE's data shows. The Amazon lost 769 square kilometres, a stark increase from the 488 sq km lost in June 2018. That equates to an area of rainforest larger than one-and-a-half soccer fields being destroyed every minute each day.

The Amazon forest also produces about 20% of the world's oxygen and is often called "the planet's lungs."

Before the fires, land conversion and deforestation caused the Amazon to release up to 0.5 billion metric tons of carbon per year, according to the WWF. Depending on the damage from the fires, that release would increase, accelerating climate change.

"The Amazon is incredibly important for our future, for our ability to stave off the worst of climate change," said Christian Poirier, the program director of non-profit organization Amazon Watch. "This isn't hyperbole. We're looking at untold destruction — not just of the Amazon but for our entire planet."

ENVIRONMENTALISTS ARE BLAMING BOLSONARO

More than two-thirds of the Amazon are located in Brazil and environmental groups accuse Bolsonaro, who has previously said he is not "Captain Chainsaw," of relaxing environmental controls in the country and encouraging deforestation.

When running for president, Bolsonaro made campaign promises to restore the economy by exploring the Amazon's economic potential. Now, environmental organizations say he has encouraged ranchers, farmers, and loggers to exploit and burn the rainforest like never before with a sense of impunity.

The pro-business Bolsonaro has hamstrung Brazil's environmental enforcement agency with budget cuts amounting to $23 million -- official data sent to CNN by Observatorio do Clima shows the enforcement agency's operations have fallen since Bolsonaro was sworn in.

The director of Brazil's space research center INPE was recently fired after defending satellite images that showed deforestation was 88% higher in June than a year earlier -- data which Bolsonaro characterized as "lies."

"The vast majority of these fires are human-lit," said Amazon Watch's Poirier, adding that even during dry seasons, the Amazon -- a humid rainforest -- doesn't catch on fire easily, unlike the dry bushland in California or Australia.

Farmers and ranchers have long used fire to clear land, said Poirier, and are likely behind the unusually large number fires burning in the Amazon today.

This year's fires fit with an established seasonal agricultural pattern, said CNN meteorologist Haley Brink. "It's the best time to burn because the vegetation is dry. (Farmers) wait for the dry season and they start burning and clearing the areas so that their cattle can graze. And that's what we're suspecting is going on down there."

[snowbellewells]

Captain Swan is my Favorite RomCom: “While You Were Sleeping” (Part Five)

So here’s the next installment, I think we’re down to just about two more, unless something changes. Hope you enjoy!!

While the little misunderstanding has complicated Emma’s life and made her feel all kinds of guilty, she can’t quite want things back the way they were either...

And I apologize now, I know this has no cut line, but I just can’t get it to work for me on mobile. I’ll try to do a morning reboot form my desktop with the cut!

Part Five

By: @snowbellewells (TutorGirlml on ff.net)

The morning after taking Emma to dinner at his folks’ and their near-silent drive back into the city, dawned chilly but bright; though Killian Jones woke to it groggy and angry with himself in the rented hotel room he’d booked in order to be in the city - nearer to the hospital for his brother and the various appointments he needed to attend while in Boston. He knew he had pushed Liam’s fiancé out of her comfort zone - despite his initial good intentions - and he had been beating himself up for the overstep ever since realization hit, mere moments too late.

Stumbling over the nondescript carpet, hand rubbing blearily over his face and his unshaven chin as he made his way to get his morning’s first cup of coffee, Killian kicked himself once more, berating his impatient prying. ‘So what if she has secrets?’ he scolded himself again. ‘Everyone does. You certainly have a few yourself. Just because she wouldn’t tell you her whole life story after knowing you less than 24 hours does not mean she’s hiding things from Liam - or that she has anything serious to hide at all.’

Cursing himself for a fool, and then literally cursing in pain as he clumsily managed both to burn his finger with the tiny complimentary coffee maker and spill the precious brew in the suite bathroom, Killian knew what the issue really came down to. He was disappointed, saddened, struck once again by his own bad luck - the sheer indisputable fact that he didn’t deserve good things, the things he wished for most. Of course Liam would meet the ray of sunshine that was Emma Swan first; he was everything that Killian wasn’t. Ever since they had been in prep school with his citizenship awards and class offices, Liam had been successful, admirable, well-liked...perfect, for all intents and purposes. Though he would never lord it over his five years younger brother, reaching adulthood had not done much at all to bring Killian out of Liam’s impressive shadow. He was successful in his work, even generating surplus for charitable giving, had made a good name for himself in the business world, drawing new customers even as he retained his ethics and honor, had a large, well-situated apartment and nice car, dressed well, and still retained his decent heart and character. What woman wouldn’t choose Liam Jones as a fine man to marry?

Killian sighed, running a frustrated hand through his sleep-disheveled hair and this time managing to pour his coffee into a nondescript white hotel mug - oddly missing his own chipped mug with the jaunty silver anchor on it that Nick had gifted him last Christmas. Not that he was a bad guy or a poor catch, but he certainly looked less promising on paper. He didn’t bring in the paycheck Liam did, nor did he carry the type of prestige his brother had earned. He was more of a jack-of-all trades who had turned his passionate interest in boats and sailing into a modest living at best. Though he well knew he would make a devoted, loving mate for the right woman, she would need to share his love of the sea and adventure, his family, and his simple, uncluttered lifestyle. He didn’t require the material trappings Liam could offer a woman, and if his brother had won Emma Swan’s heart, then Killian knew that he couldn’t truly compete.

And yet...something about her spoke to him, whispered that they could understand each other in a way most would not. He had been to her apartment - and though it had been clean and comfortable, it was nothing fancy. He might have even deemed it sparse, if it weren’t for the unique, cozy touches he had noted scattered throughout her living space: a hand-knit woolen blanket with her name woven in purple draped over the couch, not only a purring pet cat, but adorable personalized dishes for the clearly spoiled creature in pride of place on the very table across from the spot Emma clearly occupied at meals herself. Though he couldn’t pretend to known her whole life story, he sensed a woman with simpler tastes similar to his own - more interested in people and connection, items of sentimental value more than material worth; a kindred spirit more interested in experience than routine complacency.

Hanging his head, Killian sipped his caffeine Black, berating himself for wanting his brother’s fiancé – however briefly – before he shoved the thoughts far into the recesses of his mind, for thinking recklessly that he could make her happier, that he could read Emma Swan like an open book. Wincing at the sharp, strong flavor of the unsweetened beverage, still rather warm and burning his tongue a bit, Killian couldn’t help feeling as though he had earned the slight pain to the roof and sides of his mouth for his disloyal and traitorous thoughts, for his ever-cursed and unlucky timing and desires making him feel as though he had finally met the woman who could complete him and make him smile as he had ever seen his mother do for his father his whole life long.

Finishing the cereal and sausage link he had gotten from room service for breakfast, Killian tried to shake lingering romantic thoughts about Emma Swan from his tired brain. He had things to do, calls to make back to work to see that things were covered with his business and shop while he was here awaiting any changes or news on Liam’s medical progress, and errands to run before he was to have lunch with his father. It would do him no good to dwell on the fact that Liam had been incredibly devoted to his college sweetheart - a brilliant lass named Belle French, a PhD candidate currently abroad studying and lecturing upon ancient texts in Brittany - until a painful falling out they’d had a scant five months before over their future and settling down. Though Killian hadn’t heard as much from his older brother, he had always felt that Liam and Belle would find their way back to each other. Perhaps that was why this seemingly sudden engagement to Emma Swan, whom none of the family had even met until two days ago, didn’t quite add up. Of course, Killian also knew that could very well be his own foolish and impulsive heart influencing his thinking.

At any rate, as he gathered his keys and coat and made his way out of his hotel room, locking it behind him, he needed to focus on the rare chance to spend some quality time with his dad, to talk seriously without interruption. Though David Jones had not outwardly fought or dismissed Killian’s decision a few years back, to start up his own business rather than continuing serious apprenticeship to take on the family farm someday, Killian knew there had to have been a part of his father who found it difficult for a second of his three sons to turn away from the livelihood he had worked hard to build, to provide for them all and hopefully hand down into their care. Just as with Liam - though surely his elder brother’s success must have helped to soothe the blow - Killian knew his choice must have hurt his father, which he had never wanted. It was why he had hesitated as long as he had before striking out on his own.

It couldn’t be fought however. Eventually, he’d had to be honest with himself, and with his dad. There was simply something about boats and the sea which called to him. Though it had not been easy the day he’d brought those concerns to his father; it had been a dry mouthed, hands sweating sort of moment in truth. Yet, Killian suspected, that the way the soil, working the earth and being outdoors in the open air amidst his sheep fed his father’s spirit, helped David Jones to understand his middle son’s yearning better than Killian could have hoped. Beyond that, very thankfully, Nick seemed to adore the family farm - even now as he was almost through trade school for animal husbandry and agribusiness management. Nothing seemed to thrill the youngest Jones brother more than being home on the farm during breaks and vacations, and he loved his father’s flock more than anyone but David himself ever had or would.

Reaching the ground floor, Killian passed through the hotel’s open lobby and made his way to the parking garage across the street where he had left his truck the previous night. It was time - for the moment at least - to leave his scattered thoughts and the fleeting warmth in his chest caused by his memories of the way light had glanced off the gold in Emma’s hair and the bright, unguarded sound of her laugh. He needed to see to his business and worry about his family, not nurse pipe dreams with no hope of coming true…

~~~~~~~~*********~~~~~~~~

By that evening at the end of her shift, Emma felt no less conflicted over the secrets she was keeping, the things she had refrained from telling Liam’s family - and Killian in particular - and the convenient misunderstanding she had allowed to let stand; giving her the chance to experience what it felt like to have a whole, vibrant family for the first time, but also taking advantage of the Jones’ kindness shamefully. Equal warring parts of her had run back and forth in her brain all day as she took tokens and watched the trains fly back in and out of their station almost constantly. And despite the guilt she was suffering and the frustration with herself she felt for not correcting Nurse Ariel’s mistake immediately, before she’d known what she would be giving up, Emma found that as she clocked out for the night, there was still just one place her feet would carry her.

Stopping by her favorite street vendor for a quick bite to eat for supper, Emma was at the hospital and making her way up to Liam’s floor before she had even made up her mind to follow her gut. She waved to Ariel, who was on the phone at the nurses’ station and gave her a rather sheepish smile but still waved back enthusiastically, and then let herself into Liam’s room.

Upon entering, Emma felt her shoulders relax and a sense of relief coming over her, almost affirming that this was where she had needed to be. Perhaps it was the dim lighting in the room, the calm quiet where so much of her day had been full of bustling crowds and hectic noise, or maybe it was even that this man who had intrigued her for so long from afar - fiance or not - needed her in some way.

It was a double room, but as he had been two days ago, Liam was the only occupant presently. Even if unaware, he was very much alone, and Emma couldn’t stand that. She’d been all by herself for too much of her life; she wouldn’t leave another person in that painful solitude if she could make it otherwise. Settling in for the evening, she pulled the nearby chair right up beside his bed, sat down, and reached out to take his hand in hers.

Twining their fingers together, Emma gently squeezed Liam’s digits, whispering as she pulled his arm carefully over to press it against her chest while she began to speak. Bowing her head slightly, she whispered near him into the quiet room. “Liam? It’s your fiancé… Emma…” Though she had begun her statement with an almost sheepish laugh, as if he might wake up and appreciate the humor of the wacky situation with her, her words were cut off by the lump that rose in her throat which she had to swallow hard to speak around.

“Oh, who am I kidding?” she sighed, her eyes stinging with unwanted emotion as she looked down at the handsome man, peaceful and still as if merely sleeping. Where before she had always found herself wanting to wind her fingers through those stubbornly curling, close-cropped tufts of sandy hair, Emma suddenly pictured dark tendrils falling over his brother’s strong brow instead. This man - while he had intrigued her and drawn her in with his kind smiles and friendly greetings each week - she didn’t really know him; never had known him, truth be told. She merely wanted to brush an almost sisterly touch of fingertips across his cheek, hold his hand, and see him wake up - for the sake of his family who loved him dearly, for his own sake, as he didn’t deserve to be struck down so senselessly, and for hers, so she could explain what had happened and hope that - just maybe - he wouldn’t hate her and the rest of the Jones family wouldn’t either.

Finally giving into the urge, Emma laid her cool palm over his slightly warm forehead, wishing to bring him some comfort and to let him know he wasn’t alone before settling into her seat more comfortably, propping her chin on the fist of her free hand while the other still held his large one, rubbing gentle circles over the space between thumb and forefinger. “We both know I’m a complete stranger to you. I don’t know why I’m still pretending when you’re the only one here. You may think I’m the worst sort of person when you wake up, but it truly was a big misunderstanding. I didn’t know how to stop it at first, and then things just got out of hand. Your family…” she paused again, pressing her mouth into a thin line as she tried to bring the welling regret and longing under wraps, “they’re pretty wonderful really. You know that, right? I mean, they just took me in, and they’re so warm and funny. Even though my adoptive mom was great, she’s been gone a long time. It’s just been, well me and my cat,” a strangled little laugh escaped and she wiped a hand across her eyes, sniffling, “for years now. Like I was in the beginning…” She trailed off, shaking her head as the man she was speaking to remained motionless and unresponsive. “Sheesh, just listen to me,” she finally finished off, blowing out a breath and straightening slightly. “This must sound crazy!”

Turning to reach for her jacket and preparing to go, Emma touched Liam’s arm one last time, a parting squeeze of farewell. “Ever been so alone you’d spend the night confusing a man in a coma?” she asked self-deprecatingly. Then, she stood and leaned back down to press a light peck of a kiss to his hairline whispering, “Wake up soon, Liam.”

Then she was gone, slipping out of the room and soon the hospital without ever noticing Killian, who had arrived not long after her to check in on his brother. He had frozen in the doorway behind her, stunned into silence by the admission he’d overheard before he could announce his presence, and had just barely remembered to retreat down the hall far enough to escape detection when Emma had gathered her things to leave. Emerging after a moment, he stood dumbfounded in his brother’s doorway, conflicting emotions all swarming behind his eyes. “Bloody hell,” he murmured, running a hand over his face, “Now what are we supposed to do?”

Tagging: @csromcom18 @searchingwardrobes @kmomof4 @whimsicallyenchantedrose @kday426 @linda8084 @teamhook @revanmeetra87 @laschatzi @jennjenn615 @therooksshiningknight @resident-of-storybrooke @bcmbbcs4evr @coliferoncer @vvbooklady1256

[gravedangerahead]

Just the 🌟natural🌟 process of agribusiness and miners invading indigenous land, terrorizing them, and setting the rainforest on fire so they can let cattle graze and plant monocultures with the assent and encouragement of a fascist government as well as foreign business interests

The natural fires in the rainforest, where all the rain is, with all the extremely flammable wet wood

The healthy burning animals to death and releasing a fuckton of carbon into the atmosphere. The fires just totally happen at this scale without criminal arson involved absolutely, you ignorant motherfucker

Indigenous people deserve to have sovereignty over their land, consider contributing to APIB, the Association of Indigenous People's of Brazil (as well as other countries the Amazon goes through of course). I don't know it Tumblr would hide a link but it's apiboficial . org without the spaces. The tweet is from 2019 but indigenous genocide is ongoing, qnd so is the climate crisis

anytime you think notch can’t possibly get worse than he is, he posts shit like this.

[nelliievance]

Saving The Planet With Regenerative Agriculture

I recently discussed the concept of regenerative agriculture in my review of the book Sacred Cow. I have been researching this fascinating topic further and am convinced that regenerative agriculture of both plants and animals (or a combination), is a crucial step environmentally. It can drastically reduce carbon emissions and even remove CO2 from the atmosphere and sequester it in the soil.

I also found that the evidence for regenerative grazing discussed in the previous review is more controversial than I thought. I’ll touch on that below. What does seem to be more universally accepted is that regenerative farming of plants, with and without animals integrated into the mix, is much more sound environmentally than current conventional farming practices.

Reversing Man-made Soil Degradation.

In modern agricultural practice, high-yield monoculture crops are grown. This means an entire field is planted with one commodity crop like wheat, corn, soybeans, etc. Not enough organic matter is put back into the soil, but instead this approach relies on ever increasing use of chemicals (fertilizer, pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides). This has led to tremendous loss of topsoil, poorly draining soil, and about half the applied chemicals being wasted as they runoff, polluting waterways. There is now a resulting dead zone near the Mississippi delta in the gulf of Mexico, the size of New Jersey. This has been becoming common practice in modern agriculture since about 1950. On the plus side, it has led to high crop yields, and lauded as “the green revolution”. But it’s starting not to work as well, as crop yields are dropping. All of this can be reversed by regenerative practices like no-till agriculture, and use of diverse crop rotations and cover crops. This is described in detail in the book Growing a Revolution: Bringing Our Soil Back to Life [1] by geologist Dr. David Montgomery. This process does not require the use of grazing animals. For example, “green manure” from legumes plays the same role as animal manure, and a roller-crimper can do some of the work the grazing animals do:

A roller-crimper crushes the stems of a cover crop so it decays faster

These regenerative measures improve the soil health dramatically, reducing or even eliminating the use of chemicals, and making runoff almost nonexistent. After a season or two when the soil as recovered, crop yields meet or exceed those of conventional farms with heavy use of chemicals. In addition, comparisons that claim that conventional practices have a higher yield than regenerative often are for ideal growing conditions, such as a perfect amount of rainfall. In less than ideal conditions, including droughts, which are becoming more common, regenerative farming often out-performs conventional. So it is a myth that we need unstainable conventional agriculture to “feed the world”.

There is a second, more low-tech way that farmland is degraded in much of the developing world: slash and burn agriculture. Brush and even forests are destroyed by burning, after which crops can be grown. But these fields do not remain fertile for long, so the farmers have to move on and repeat the process in a new area. These slash-and-burn fields do not have high crop yields. It is typically small-family farmers following these practices, and they grow, for example, about 80% of the food in Africa. But regenerative agricultural can come to the rescue here also, restoring the previous soil to good health in previously burned fields, and improving crop yields up to a factor of four, as shown conclusively on a wonderful demonstration farm in Ghana. These small family farmers are often too poor to afford grazing animals, but the plant-based regenerative measures (diversity of crop rotations, use of cover crops, etc.) are inexpensive.

Dr. Montgomery’s book conclusively shows how regenerative agriculture can help solve climate change, heal our soil, and feed the planet. And it saves farmers money! I don’t want to be cynical, but we do live in a capitalistic society. It gives me hope when the right thing to do environmentally also happens to be the best financially. There is an anecdote in the book where Dr. Montgomery is driving across Kansas with a guide who is showing him where regenerative agriculture is being practiced. He notices that in some areas the John Deere tractor dealerships seem to be dilapidated, while in others the dealerships seem to be thriving. His guide points out that the thriving dealerships are in areas where there is more regenerative agriculture is, so the farmers are more profitable and can afford new equipment.

Now to the role of animals in soil regeneration. Some regenerative farmers follow a hybrid technique that use the regenerative measure described above but also involves grazing animals. After cash crops are harvested, cattle or other animals graze the fields. This is often done with the cover crops as well. A chapter is devoted to how this is practiced by Gabe Brown on his farm in North Dakota, which inspired me to read the first-hand account in Gabe’s enjoyable book Dirt to Soil: One Family’s Journey into Regenerative Agriculture. Gabe shows how the integration of cattle plus diversified crop rotation and cover crops (for about 30 years now) has dramatically improved the soil quality, in. The other interesting practice he follows is letting chickens range free in fields the cows were just in. They do further cleanup, including eating fly larvae. And the chickens can also be fed grain screenings which would otherwise be discarded.

Economics of Farming

The number of American farmers and farmworkers decreased dramatically from 1900 to the present, while the size of the average farm grew much larger. This was an intentional government policy intended to lead to economies of scale and higher yields. Earl Butz, secretary of agriculture under presidents Nixon and Ford,(who we can also thank for bringing high-fructose corn syrup into the mainstream), famously told farmers “go big or get out”.

There are many rural communities that were decimated by this. Agriculture has become more and more “agribusiness”, controlled by large multinational corporations. Farmers are caught in the middle, having to buy increasingly expensive chemicals from a few large corporations, and then selling their crops at commodity prices to large corporations. The farmers are just considered a link in the supply chain, and the objective is minimize the cost of the final product. This makes it appear that growing large fields of single crops is the best solution because it maximizes yield. But this does not consider external costs like the damage caused by runoff of agricultural chemicals, or the medical costs to consumers eating a diet of cheaper but poorer quality food. This is all described in detail in the books below (how it similarly unfolded in the UK is described in [2]). Regenerative agriculture is a way to help reverse this trend, and in addition to Gabe Brown’s operation, other inspiring examples of this are in these books: [1,4,5]. It makes smaller farms more viable and provides more farm jobs. Better for the environment, the economies of local communities, and our health.

The Regenerative Grazing Controversy

There has been some criticism of regenerative grazing because descriptions of it can be oversimplified to “meat can save the planet”, so the concern is that the regenerative grazing argument can be used for marketing that “greenwashes” meat, which vegans and advocates for reduced consumption of animal foods understandably object to. But backlash against it can dismiss the whole idea of regenerative agriculture, which throws the baby out with the bathwater. There is a good balanced discussion here that admits some environmental benefits may have been exaggerated (like the effect of carbon sequestering) but still does not dismiss the major role regenerative agriculture can play, I still believe the bottom line is the best solution for the environment (and our health) is reduced consumption of both junk foods and animal products, combined with better farming techniques. As one author puts it “eat less, but better, meat” [2]. and I think we should generalize that to less but better foods of all types. I’ll cover the ins and outs of this topic in more detail in an upcoming post.

Conclusion: Regenerative Agriculture, With or without Animals, Will Help Feed Humanity And Save The Planet

We can argue over to what extent animals fit in the mix, but regardless of the percentage of animals vs plants in our diets, in my opinion regenerative agriculture is a key step. Current practices of conventional plant and animal farming are not sustainable.

Suggest Reading

David Montgomery, D, Growing a Revolution: Bringing Our Soil Back to Life, W. W. Norton & Company;, 2017.

Brown, G, Dirt to Soil: One Family’s Journey into Regenerative Agriculture, Chelsea Green Publishing, 2019

D’Silva, J, Webster, J, The Meat Crisis: Developing more Sustainable and Ethical Production and Consumption, Routledge, 2017.

Quinn, B, Carlisle, L, Grain by Grain: A Quest to Revive Ancient Wheat, Rural Jobs, and Healthy Food, 2019.

Carlisle, L, Lentil Underground: Renegade Farmers and the Future of Food in America, Avery, 2015.

Saving The Planet With Regenerative Agriculture published first on https://steroidsca.tumblr.com/

[agrojiva]

Acid Lime Cultivation in India: Complete Guidance

Acid lime cultivation in India is a famous agribusiness. It can be very profitable. Here are the whole details on beginning the plantation of acid lime in India with complete details on soil, varieties, climate,  plant protection, plantation management, harvesting, and post harvest practices.

Belonging to the botanical family Rutaceae, acid lime is one of the largest growing and ever-demanding citrus groups of fruits cultivated in India (Bharat). Among the major contributing states that produce acid lime include Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, as well as extensive areas of North East India like Arunachal Pradesh. Except for used extensively as recent fruits, it has great demand in the preparation of pickles, food products, and beverages. Enriched in ascorbic acid, salts, associated an array of minerals it offers varied health advantages like

•             A great appetite enhancer

•             Helps in the digestion, heartburn, and hyper-acidity

•             Alleviates nausea

•             Mitigates blood pressure, cholesterol

•             Burning of the urethra

Technical Requirements for Acid Lime Cultivation

Climate for Acid Lime Cultivation

Acid limes grow well in a tropical and subtropical, arid, or semi-arid climatic condition which is a great plus point for cultivators across India to farm the evergreen citrus fruit. Frosty weather is harming for acid lime, while farmers should be caring in the summer days to protect their plants from hot winds that lead to dryness and drop of flowers.

Ideal Soil for Acid Lime Cultivation

The citrus plant will be fully grown in an exceedingly wide range of soil varieties ranging from alluvial or sandy loam, medium black to clay loam, and laterite or acidic soils. Well, drainage of the field is an essential condition for its effective growth. Make sure that the pH in the soil is within the range of 5.5 to 7.5 which is the best fit for them even if they grow in areas with pH ranging from 4.0 to 9.0.

Varieties of Acid Lime

Four major varieties of acid lime grown in India in very large quantities and have high market demand include Vikram, Prumalini, PKM, and Rashraj or Sharbati. Some of the common types of lemons are  Pant lemon, Italian lemon, Assam lemon, Galgal, and Malta Lemon. Kagzi lime is additionally another quite acid lime that is known for its nice aromatic taste.

Propagation

The plant is propagated by seed, air layering, and budding. The specie is poly-embryonic and propagation through seedlings is highly suggested or recommended. Select disease-free mother plants while planting through layering. It is recommended to prepare nursery beds in HDPE trays available in the market with fertile soil for the effective growth of seedlings under a shade. For higher productivity, the selection of nucellar seedlings by the elimination of weak seedlings is a great ideal. Since seedlings should be planted only after they attain a height of about 30-40 cm, you will be required to develop a secondary nursery bed. Watering plants in the gap of 2-3 days in the nursery stage is ideal, however, be careful to avoid overwatering that causes root decay and dying of seedlings.

Land Preparation

Land needed to be well-ploughed to full tilth and leveled, while in hilly areas plantation should be carried out on terraces based on the slopes, as found widespread. In hilly regions, planting in high density is feasible with more aeration space as opposed to flatlands. provided that acid lime plants are extremely vulnerable to water stagnation in the rainy season, proper drainage systems both in the hills and plains are essential criterion.

Planting

The most ideal season of planting is June-August. Dig pits measuring 1m x 1m x 1m for plantation of a young plant. Use  Farmyard manure (FYM) @15-20 kg, super phosphate@500 g per pits before planning.

Spacing and Density

Standard spacing for limes and lemons (Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle & Citrus Lemon) is 6 x 6 m and 5 x 5 m respectively. Consider a density of 275 for limes and 400 for lemons per hectare.

Irrigation

Always go for light irrigation whereas maintaining higher frequency is very helpful for plant growth, especially during the initial stage. Water should not contain salts above 1000 PPM which is injurious for Citrus plants. Water flooding should be avoided to save plants from potential root and collar decay. Depending on the soil texture and rainfall condition, the frequency of irrigation, and the amount of watering should be determined. Bearing plants require nourishing with watering at 10-15 days interval in dry days while maintaining a gap of 15-20 days in winter is ideal. Deep irrigation or a localized irrigation system is a steady step to conserve water as well as watering plants with needed water and nutrients.

Fertilizers

Maintain the standard as follows: (based on the per plant)

Note:

•             Apply Nitrogen in two different doses during March and October in the same proportion

•             Farmyard manure (FYM), P, and K to be applied in October.

•             Spraying Zinc Sulphate @ 0.5% (500 g/100 lit of water) three times a year during March, July and

•             October for better growth

Growth Regulator

In order to grow healthy, juicy, and superior class of fruits set, consider spraying 2,4 – D@ 20 PPM during the flowering phase, spray 2, 4 D @ 20 PPM for fruit retention.

Training and Pruning

With a vie to let the plants grow with a solid stem, shoots that get older to 30-40 cm. from the land level has to be discarded. Support the most stem with a bamboo stick that helps them stand erect during high winds or downpour. Make sure that branches are evenly distributed (as per as practicable)

to both sides and remove cross twigs or water suckers in the early stage. Diseased, drooping, or dislocated branches should be eliminated on a periodical basis, whereas for bearing plants no pruning is suggested or recommended.

Plant Protection

Leaf Caterpillar

Take steps at the very beginning to avoid severity. Spray the plants with Quinalphos25-EC @ 2ml/lit water to regulate the blighter attack.

Leaf Miner

Use a foliar spray like Quinalphos 1.25 ml or monocrotophos 1.0 ml/litre or fenvalerate 0.5 ml/ lit of water in 7 days interval and continue till infestation is completely controlled.

Citrus Thrips

Use foliar spray Monocrotophos over the leaves, buds, and berries in 1 ml/litre of water or dimethoate@ 2 ml.

Citrus Psylla

Usually, the infestation is found during Feb and Mar, June July, and Oct-Nov. Have an eye and if noticed, consider using foliar spray like quinalphos 1.0 ml. Stop spraying once the invasion is no more.

Sucking Pests

•             Aphids–  spraying the plant with methyl Demeton-EC @ 1 ml/lit or Fish oil resin soap 30g/ lit or neem oil 3ml/lit or Quinalphos25-EC 2ml/lit water to get effective result.

•             Rust Mites– To control rust mite spray Wettable sulphur 50 WP @ 2 g/lit or alternatively Dicofol 18.5 EC @ 2.5 ml/lit

•             Whitefly and Black fly– Get fast results by spraying Quinalphos 25 EC @ 2 ml/lit and Monocrotophos 36 WSC @ 1.5 ml/lit respectively.

Scale Insects

Spraying of dimethoate 250 ml kerosene oil in 150 ltr of water in combination of parathion (0.03%) or carbaryl @ 0.05% plus oil 1 % or malathion @ 0.1 % will give result.

Citrus Greening

Eliminate or remove branches that are infected and then apply Ledermycin 600 PPM together with ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) and ZnSO4 through spraying.

Citrus Canker

Elimination of infected twigs and then spraying plants with 1 % Bordeaux mixed with copper fungicide works brilliantly.

Fruit Fly

For successful control, use sprays like or Fenthion/100EC@ 1 ml/lit or Malathion/50EC@ 1 ml/lit water mixed with crude sugar@1% 10 gr/liter and apply.

Mealy Bugs

Firstly remove or eliminate the branches where you find infestation and then apply methyl parathion paste. Consider using Dichlorvos @ 0.2% included with fish oil resin soap @25g/lit and dip the fruits for 2/3 minutes or simply spray well over the leaves, flowers, and fruits.

Harvesting

In general, the maturity of acid lime depends largely on certain factors including nutrition, farming techniques, climatic condition, moisture availability, etc. Plants start bearing fruits from two-three years after planting. Among all citrus groups, acid lime takes a shorter maturity period of 5-6 months. If you’re farming the lemon, it’s ideal to carry on harvesting from time to time after evaluation of the maturity stage of fruits, given that they should be harvested only upon changing their colors to entire yellow. In India, the harvesting period for acid lime includes two seasons i.e. from July-September and Nov-Jan.

Yield

More or less 25-30 tons/ hectare annually.

[thermaxglobal]

Biopower is electricity generated from a broad assortment of biomass (natural substances found in wood, plants, agricultural waste, and other materials). Biomass is a baseload renewable energy supply that is readily available with power plant operations, which makes it more reliable than wind and solar for electricity generation. Biomass also supplies a renewable energy solution in areas where renewable sources aren't as readily available.

Biopower is one means that lets each participating country meet federal goals for using clean, renewable energy while boosting economic growth. A flourishing, sustainable biopower power plant or industry might offer the following:

clean, domestic, renewable energy; 

revitalize rural markets; 

decrease impacts on the climate and environment; 

encourage healthy forests; and 

produce distinct project opportunities with agribusinesses, utility, and power plant vendors, owners/operators, gear providers, and small companies.

There are six primary types of biopower systems: direct-fired, cofiring, gasification, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and small, modular.

Direct-fired systems in biopower plants are commonly used the most. They burn bioenergy feedstocks to produce steam directly. The steam generated is then converted into electricity by driving a turbine through it. Some industries use this steam in other processes, such as manufacturing or heat buildings. For example, wood waste at paper mills is often used to generate steam and electricity, as well. 

Coal-fired power plants run on cofiring systems and are known to reduce emissions, especially sulfur dioxide emissions significantly. Cofiring can be understood as using bioenergy feedstocks as a supplementary energy source in high-efficiency boilers. 

Gasification systems use high temperatures and also oxygen-starved surroundings to convert biomass into a gas (a combination of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane). The gas fuels what is called a gas turbine, which is very much like a jet engine, only it turns out an electric generator instead of propelling a jet.

When biomass gets decayed, it produces a gas- methane, that can be further utilized as an energy source. In landfills, numerous wells can be drilled to capture methane, releasing from the decaying organic matter. Pipes from these wells can carry the gas from one point to another for cleaning it before it burns. However, methane can also be produced from biomass through anaerobic digestion. The process involves employing bacteria to decompose organic matter in the absence of oxygen. 

In most facilities, methane is burned as an energy source to produce steam for industrial processes. Two of the most modern process includes fuel cells and microturbines. Fuel cells operate similar to a battery but don't require any type of recharging. They effectively produce electricity as long as there's fuel. On the contrary, microturbines can effectively have outputs of 25 to 500 kilowatts.  

Pyrolysis is yet another process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. With this process, the biomass is obtained in liquid form called pyrolysis oil, which can be burned like petroleum to generate electricity.

Further, numerous biopower technologies can be used in small, modular systems. Small, modular systems have potential as distributed energy resources. Here, distributed energy resources relate to a variety of small, modular power-generating technologies that can be consolidated to enhance the performance of the electricity delivery system.

[whenallisquiet]

Loving The World

“Loving the World” – An Excerpt From The Dandelion Insurrection

© 2013 Rivera Sun

I hear your despairing rain of cries, Charlie wrote. I sense the burning fury in you, that lustful ache for retaliating lightning strikes. In the distance, I hear the thunder rolls of violence. Remember; weapons never built a house, fed a child, or planted fields. We must turn to tools of nonviolence to build a chance for life.

“Times are changing,” the old men of the valley muttered as they watched rural people in other parts of the country get forced off their land by tax increases, mortgage failures, and denials of farm loans for seed and tractor repairs. Agribusiness took up residence, owned by the Banker, dependent on the Butcher’s surplus chemicals from the war industry, and fueled by the Candlestick Maker’s cheap oil. Out moneyed, out subsidized, out gunned in the courts and Congress, the local farmers despaired.

On top of it all, the weather defied everyone’s predictions. Early frosts threatened the late summer crops. A heat snap surged for a week before giving way to pouring rain. Fall floods turned fields to mud. Rot and blight proliferated. Charlie’s grandfather and granduncles slid deeper in their chairs, depressed as only old farmers can be as the earth turned wild against their claims of wisdom. As the winter whipped from blizzards to heat waves, they burned their old almanacs, solemnly feeding the pages into their woodstoves, conceding to a changing climate that the National Weather Service refused to report on.

Times are changing, Charlie wrote for the Dandelion Insurrection, and we must change faster, growing in our hearts and souls, embracing our diversity as our saving grace as we work to stop our corporate politicians from waging this destructive war upon humanity and the earth.

Midwinter, when the high school band kicked off the basketball season, Charlie discovered the national anthem now made him queasy. He could no longer believe his country was the greatest nation in the world. He could not wave the flag or sing along with its slogans. Yet, as he watched the students trumpeting out the anthem with heartfelt effort, he loved them all. They were lambs on the way to the slaughterhouse, playing homage to a government that cared nothing about them.

His heart broke a thousand times a day.

He took long walks over the hard cold earth as the clouds spit out flakes of snow. Charlie felt stretched across two realities; the beautiful curves of his valley and the starkly brutal landscape of his nation. He paused on the crests of rolling hills, patched with fields both fertile and fallow, and let sorrow and love sit quietly together as he watched the snow tremble earthward.

It is our love that calls us into action now, he wrote. Our respect for life and our compassion for creation require us to stand up to the forces that cause oppression, suffering, and destruction.

Everything mattered, not just this valley, but every nook and cranny of the earth; every stand of trees; every cluster of children in the school yard; each block of the teeming cities; every language that cried out on the tongues of immigrants; every joy; every sorrow; everything mattered. Charlie knew the heartbreak of his grandfather’s God, watching over the preciousness of all creation and weeping at its suffering. He felt the apathy his own pain sometimes drove him to, and the coldness with which he silenced his compassion when it became too much to bear. But, he also sensed, before long, the tenderness of love reaching out to him again.

Each day, this love penetrated further into his bloodstream, pulsed in his veins, rewrote his cells, his muscles, even his genetic coding. In the heat of writing, he would look up in wonderment, feeling tears prickling the corners of his eyes. It was all precious; the snowflakes, the deep night, his grand-père’s snoring in the room next door, Zadie’s voice long distant on the telephone, the scrawl of ink running across the page, the people waiting for his articles; everything. It had been a lonely winter full of the heartache that comes from loving the world too much.

[princessnijireiki]

also Yet Another fun factoid abt globalized agribusiness is that part of the reason “animal farming” & “plant farming” (further broken down into industrial crops/textiles & food crops by vegans who don’t want Accountability™ for bleaching, dye runoff, avg. lawn pesticides, etc.) are even discrete concepts to begin with— let alone anything to compare numbers on— is that what’s actually the inherently harmful & toxic thing is the centuries old ANTIQUE conquest 1.0 model of single crop plantation farming

in subsistence farming, family owned farms, and local food dev’t. culture, you literally can’t get by doing that year round

which is also part of why deforestation & development zones for farmland maintain a steady clip, bc single crop growth patterns on as large a scale as agribusiness prefers (incl. toxic factory farming practices w. either overgrazed land or overly penned animals) deplete topsoil rapidly & slash and burn practices do not establish a robust enough base to maintain land like that for more than a few years at a stretch… even most farms that DO “rotate” crops on that level specialize in 2-3 defferent types of plants, tops, and alternate on/off seasons in their whole landspace, rather than interspersed planting or physically shifting plots within purchased land

basically, the exact same shit as global major environmental disasters like the irish potato famine & the american dustbowl, just outsourced onto bloodily stolen lands + we know about toxic runoff into water supplies & fostering antibiotic resistant germs due to overtreated livestock/overengineered designer crops now, too…

so like basically for any liberal anticapitalist blog to be like, “actually sweaty :)))) the problem is carnists & bloodmouths :))))” when actually the problem is medieval fiefdoms were more ecologically stable than the dogmatic relics of conquest & settler colonialist mayhem is like… totally fucking Wild™ lmao

[themusingstranger]

Trump took office promising to fix our trade imbalance with China, and what’s the first thing he did? He threw away a U.S.-designed free-trade deal with 11 other Pacific nations — a pact whose members make up 40 percent of global G.D.P. The Trans-Pacific Partnership was based largely on U.S. economic interests, benefiting our fastest-growing technologies and agribusinesses, and had more labor, environmental and human rights standards than any trade agreement ever. And it excluded China. It was our baby, shaping the future of trade in Asia. Imagine if Trump were negotiating with China now as not only the U.S. president but also as head of a 12-nation trading bloc based on our values and interests. That’s called l-e-v-e-r-a-g-e, and Trump just threw it away … because he promised to in the campaign — without, I’d bet, ever reading TPP. What a chump! I can still hear the clinking of champagne glasses in Beijing. Now more Asian nations are falling in line with China’s regional trading association — the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership — which has no serious environmental, intellectual property, human trafficking or labor standards like TPP. A Peterson Institute study said TPP would “increase annual real incomes in the United States by $131 billion” by 2030, without changing total U.S. employment levels. Goodbye to that. But Trump took his Make China Great campaign to a new level on Tuesday by rejecting the science on climate change and tossing out all Obama-era plans to shrink our dependence on coal-fired power. Trump also wants to weaken existing mileage requirements for U.S.-made vehicles. Stupid. O.K., Mr. President, let’s assume for a second that climate change is a hoax. Do you believe in math? There are now 7.5 billion people on the planet, and there will be 8.5 billion by 2030, according to the United Nations population bureau — and most will want to drive like us, eat protein like us and live in houses like us. And if they do, we’ll eat up, burn up, smoke up and choke up the planet — and devour our fisheries, coral reefs, rivers and forests — at a pace we’ve never seen before. Major cities in India and China already can’t breathe; wait for when there are another billion people. That means that clean power, clean water, clean air, clean transportation and energy-efficient buildings will have to be the next great global industry, whether or not there is climate change. The demand will be huge. So what is China doing? Its new five-year plan is a rush to electric cars, batteries, nuclear, wind, solar and energy efficiency — and a cap-and-trade system for carbon. Trump’s plan? More coal and oil. Hello? How can America be great if we don’t dominate the next great global industry — clean power? The U.S. state leading in clean energy innovations is California, which also has the highest vehicle emissions standards and the strictest building efficiency codes. Result: California alone has far more advanced energy jobs than there are coal miners in America, and the pay is better and the work is healthier. In January 2016, CNNMoney reported that nationally the U.S. “solar industry work force is bigger than that of oil and gas construction, and nearly three times the size of the entire coal mining work force.” “More than half the electric vehicles sold in the U.S. are sold in California,” said Hal Harvey, C.E.O. of Energy Innovation. “If there are two jurisdictions hellbent on transformation, it is China and California. There have been 200 million E.V.s sold in China already. They’re called electric bicycles, which cost about $400 — quiet, not contributing to congestion or pollution, and affordable.” China is loving this: It’s doubling down on clean energy — because it has to and it wants to leapfrog us on technology — and we’re doubling down on coal, squandering our lead in technology. It was bitterly ironic that on the same day that President Trump took America on a great leap backward to coal, The Wall Street Journal reported that “Tencent Holdings Ltd. bought a 5% stake in Tesla Inc., giving the backing of China’s most valuable company to the Silicon Valley electric-vehicle maker as it prepares to launch its first car aimed at the mass market. … Having a powerful friend in China could help Tesla as it eyes further global expansion. Big Chinese tech companies have backed a wave of green-car start-ups in the country recently.” If you liked buying your oil from Saudi Arabia, you’ll love buying your electric cars, solar panels, efficiency software and batteries from China. Finally, Trump wants to slash the State Department and foreign aid budgets and make it harder for people to immigrate to America, particularly Muslims. This opens the way for China to expand its influence across the developing world and signals the smartest math and science students in the world to start their start-ups overseas and not in America. NBC News reported last week that applications from foreign students, notably from China, India and the Middle East, “are down this year at nearly 40 percent of schools that answered a recent survey by the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.” So you tell me that Trump is not a Chinese agent. The only other explanation is that he’s ignorant and unread — that he’s never studied the issues or connected the dots between them — so Big Coal and Big Oil easily manipulated him into being their chump, who just tweeted out their talking points to win votes here and there — without any thought to grand strategy. Surely that couldn’t be true?

Thomas Friedman, “Trump Is a Chinese Agent”, The New York Times

[volubrjotr]

BILLINGS MT — A controversial bill that would likely keep genetically modified ingredients from being listed on food packaging has [allegedly] divided Montana’s U.S. senators.

Democratic Sen. Jon Tester, the Senate’s only farmer, blasted his peers Wednesday for crafting a federal bill that makes it difficult for consumers to know what they’re eating. He also called the bill a threat to independent farms.

Plants with DNA altered by genes from other plants or animals are genetically modified organisms, or GMOs. The biotechnology is most commonly used to create resistance to herbicides or disease.

Tell Daines to support labels for GMO food

Monsanto Contributions to Steve Daines, 2014 cycle

China Refuses 60,000 Tons Of U.S. Monsanto GMO Poisoned Corn

GMO ~ The Day After: The Svalbard Global Seed Vault Norway

Quaker Oats sued over glyphosate found in its ‘all natural’ oats

Tester’s positon was opposite that of Montana [corporate] farmers and [corporate] researchers who see merit in GMO sugar beets and corn modified to survive exposure to weed killers like the Monsanto herbicide Roundup and 2, 4-D Amine. Those [corporate] farmers rallied around Republican Sen. Steve Daines.

[The purpose of Monsanto herbicide GMOs is for corporations to turn a buck. The GMO herbicidal bioteched plant was created to preclude the use of exterior herbicides in the first place ~ to suggest it was created to ‘survive’ exterior herbicide is illogical. Either way ~ Monsanto poison is all over our NATURAL Food Chain ~ inside and out!]

Bill Gates Refuses To Answer Question On Why He Owns 500,000 Shares Of Monsanto

China Cuts Out Bill; Gate’s Microsoft & Google

China Refuses 60,000 Tons Of U.S. Monsanto GMO Poisoned Corn

Maurice Strong & Bill Gates: Expatriating Money Out Of America!

Monsanto GMO Claims For Children’s School Books Are Laughable: Bill Gates Applauds!

Rothschild Banking Cabal Met To Discuss Depopulation To Preserve Hoarded Wealth!

Rothschild Czar Bill Gates To Face Trial In India: Millions Of Children Poisoned By Vaccine!

Number One Killer Of Mankind Can Be Traced To Rothschild’s NWO Democide: Death By Banker’s Usurped Government!

Big Pharma Prescription Drugs: 16,400% More Deadly Than CIA/MI6/Mossad Orchestrated ISIS Terrorist Attacks!

Bill Gates Henry Kissinger Depopulation Africa: Paralyzing Vaccine Deaths 47,500 With 50 More Children Recently Paralyzed With Bill Gates Meningitis Vaccine!

The bill makes it optional for food wrappers to list genetically modified ingredients, but does require that a toll-free telephone number or scan code be published so shoppers can track down the ingredients with their smartphones.

[CORPORATIONS WANT IMMUNITY FROM HEALTH LAWSUITS CAUSED BY LACING NATURAL FOOD WITH GMOs]

SANCTION ANY PRODUCT THAT DOES NOT DISCLOSE ‘NON GMO’

IF THEY WANT TO SELL ~

LET ‘THEM’ TELL

AT THE MARKET

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Tester said it was absurd to think that a shopper with children in tow would have time to scan food wrappers with a smartphone in order to be redirected to a website where GMO ingredients could be found.

And if the grocery store had poor cellphone reception, no information would be obtained, he said.

2016 What You Need To Know About the New GMO Labeling Law

~ In Total ~ 38 Countries Have Now Banned GMOs ~ Agricultural Bio Dangerous Technology

2016 When Congress Screws Us Over On GMO Labeling : The Action Plan To Fight Back!

“Hiding basic information behind bar codes and 800 numbers is totally unacceptable. The United States Senate should not be in the business of hiding information from consumers,” Tester said.

6 CORPORATIONS FOUND ‘HIDING’ BIO DANGEROUS GMO INGREDIENTS: NESTLE & PEPSI FOUND GUILTY OF ‘ABUSIVE CORPORATE PRACTICES AGAINST CONSUMERS’ ‘ABUSIVE CORPORATE PRACTICES AGAINST CONSUMERS’

“When I grew up, I was told that consumers were always right. We should be empowering those consumers, those American consumers, with more information about the food they purchase, not with less.

Don’t take it from me, 9 out of 10 consumers say they want labeling required for GMO food. What’s the problem with that? It’s already done in 64 countries.”

The problem, say the bill’s supporters, is that there’s no proof that genetically modified crops are any different than those that aren’t modified.

Sugar from beets modified to withstand sprayings of Roundup herbicide contain nothing that would identify the beet’s GMO traits.

OBAMA’S IDIOCRACY

Soybean oil and corn syrup also have been proven safe to eat. Without a legitimate GMO health concern to warn consumers about, proponents say identifying the ingredients unfairly scares shoppers away from GMOs.

800 SCIENTISTS DEMAND THE END TO GLOBAL GMO BIOTECH EXPERIMENT

HUNGARY DESTROYS ALL DEADLY MONSANTO GMO CORN FIELDS: GMO INFECTION BY MONSANTO CAUSES ORGAN FAILURE.

There are at least five different genetically modified crops raised on Montana farms; sugar beets, corn, canola, alfalfa and soybeans. The sugar beet industry contributes about $70 million a year to the Montana economy with 45,000 farm acres and sugar factories in Billings and Sidney.

GMO foods must be properly labeled

Genetically Modified Soy Linked to Sterility

GMO MONSANTO ON THEIR KNEES: 5 REASONS MONSANTO IS CRASHING AND BURNING

States like Vermont, Washington and California have considered their own GMO labeling laws in the absence of federal policy. Vermont has a labeling law that starts in 2017. A major reason for the federal law now being debated is that it would prevent individual states from acting independently.

States Can Easily Nullify Federal Over Reach

The Senate labeling bill is considered a compromise between consumer groups worried about GMOs and [GMO] agribusiness friendly [corporate] lawmakers who oppose all [Monsanto] GMO labeling

Genetic Roulette -The Movie

[The Real Battle is that GMO’s are poisonous and should NOT be allowed into our agricultural soil which further contaminates NATURAL Seeds, Kills Bees, & Other Wildlife.]

Montana Congressperson Steve Daines ~ Bozeman, Montana ~ China Refuses 60,000 Tons Of U.S. Monsanto GMO Poisoned Corn Putting Montana Farmers Out Of Work.

“There’s no reason that Vermont and Bernie Sanders should dictate our way of life in Montana,” Daines said.

“In fact this compromise that I voted for today will protect Montana jobs, prevent baseless discrimination against Montana agricultural goods and it’s going to avoid higher prices in the grocery line.”

Daines Speech On The Senate Floor ~ Daines Argues Against The Public Being Informed About Bio-Dangerous GMOs Being contained or not contained in their Food while at the market place where products are sold for CURRENCY.

ITS LIKE PRINTING YOUR OWN MONEY BY GROWING YOUR OWN FOOD!

[In My Book Steve Daines Is Bio-Dangerous]

Vermont’s Law is all about “Information Transparency”

Corporatist Congressperson Steve Daines Says; “Vermont law is an attack on the heart of Montana’s way of life”

One Must Conclude That “Information Transparency” is an attack against Montana

Since Vermont Wants Their Citizens To Be Informed If Monsanto’s Bioteched GMOs Are Laced Into A Particular Food

Montanans Therefore Must Conclude, Steve Daines Wants Montanans To Be Uninformed About A Food Product Containing Bioteched Oranisms

Wednesday’s vote limited discussion of the bill to 30 hours, setting up a vote as early as late Thursday.

Will Montana’s Corporate Stooge Steve Daines Also Push Brawndo To Water The Plants?

The American Sugar Beet Growers Association told The Gazette last week that their group and others dependent on [BIO-DANGEROUS GMOS] biotechnology demanded compromise bill.

The alternative was dealing with a patchwork of individual state labeling laws, which would have been costly. [THEY THEN SHOULD NOT BE IN THE BUSINESS OF ALTERING NATURAL FOODS]

Montana organic producers told The Gazette they were ambivalent about the compromise proposal’s effect on their businesses, mostly because certified organic labeling is an established marketing tool.

They weren’t certain consumers would be helped by the Senate’s plan.

Tester said there was plenty for organic farmers to be concerned about, including bill language that would allow GMO corn and GMO soybeans to be considered organic if they were grown under the right conditions.

The easy answer Tester said, was to list GMO ingredients on food wrappers and let consumers decide whether the food was worth buying.

Even Jon Tester Is Bio-Dangerous When It Comes to safety

OBAMA HAS A FOOD TASTER: FOR REAL

PEPSIS PAYS $9 MILLION IN LAWSUIT FOR CALLING GMOS NATURAL

“I’m not asking for a skull and crossbones on the package. This isn’t about safety, or health of these products.

The Real Story Behind the ‘Monsanto Protection Act’

Take Action: Repeal the Monsanto Protection Act Signed By Obama!

MONSANTO ORDERED TO PAY $93 MILLION FOR POISONING RESIDENTS!

It’s about transparency, it’s about the public’s right to know, it’s about putting families before corporations, it’s about valuing consumers’ right to know over lobbyists and their slick suits and their influence here.

They’re denying consumers an easy-to-read national GM standard. Why? They’re denying people the information they need to know to make the best decision for their family. It makes no sense to me.”

Independent Record

MONSANTO’S ‘ZOMBIE WHEAT’ FALLING APART: AMERICAN FARMERS ‘STAND THEIR GROUND’

Related Articles:

ROTHSCHILD CALLING IN HIS GOONS

BIG WIN FOR PEOPLE WHO EAT FOOD :0)

NESTLE FACES $94.6 MILLION LAW SUIT FOR FOOD TERRORISM IN INDIA

ROTHSCHILD CZAR BILL GATES TO FACE TRIAL IN INDIA: MILLIONS OF CHILDREN POISONED BY VACCINE!

Philippine Farmers Destroy Monsanto/Syngenta Genetically Modified ‘Golden Rice’ Fields: Outnumbering Police 13:1

THANK YOU MR OBAMA FOR REMINDING US WHY WE SHOULD BE EVER VIGILANT: IN FACT 252 REASONS WHY

REVOLUTION TO REMOVE CABAL CORPORATIONS: WORLD’S FIRST ZERO-WASTE GROCERY STORES: NO PACKAGING, PLASTIC, OR CABAL CORPORATE BRANDS

SOUTH KOREA & JAPAN SHUTS DOWN U.S. MONSANTO TOXIC WHEAT IMPORTS!

OUR SPECIAL TODAY IS OBAMA CORN CHOWDER WITH AGENT ORANGE: LYMPHOMA SNUFF SOUP 

MONSANTO’S DIET SWEETENER ASPARTAME LINKED TO LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA IN LANDMARK STUDY ON HUMANS

China Bans Monsanto GMOs: No Shangri-La For Bill Gates ~ Senator Daines BILLINGS MT -- A controversial bill that would likely keep genetically modified ingredients from being listed on food packaging has divided Montana’s U.S.

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

The U.N. Could Save the Amazon With One Simple Move

The Amazon is burning. Nearly 75,000 fires have started in the iconic Brazilian rainforest this year to date, an 84 percent increase from the year before. Since August 10, a spate of intentionally set fires have been raging in the Amazon. But Brazil’s president Jair Bolsonaro, who took office in January, let them burn for two weeks before sending firefighters to put them out following an international outcry. 

Fires ravaging the Amazon pose imminent peril to the 34 million people and 3 million species of animals and plants that live in the world’s largest rainforest, which covers 2 million square miles.

Damage from the raging fires will change the face of the planet. The rainforest is home to 10 percent of the species on Earth, including many types of plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else.

“The loss of the Amazon’s biodiversity will be beyond devastating for the planet,” Dahr Jamail wrote in Truthout, noting that many scientists consider the Amazon to be the Earth’s most important site of biodiversity.

As empowered by the United Nations Charter, the Security Council should find that the fires in the Amazon pose a “threat to the peace” and order measures to restore and maintain international peace and security. Those measures “may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations.”

The Council should require that member states refrain from entering into trade agreements with Brazil unless and until it agrees to allow international economic and physical firefighting assistance. As Moira Birss, Amazon Watch’s finance campaign director said in a release issued by the Institute for Public Accuracy (IPA), “Now that the world is finally paying attention, it’s important to also understand that governments and companies around the world are emboldening Bolsonaro’s toxic policies when they enter trade agreements with his government or invest in agribusiness companies operating in the Amazon.”

Continue reading.

I’ve got mixed feelings about this. Cuba and Venezuela are a couple of examples of sanctions not working but affecting the common people. There’s an important factor that they are not democracies, but this is still a case that diplomacy alone probably won’t work. I believe sanctions would be more efficient if they were targeted on products strongly related to deforestation, such as soybean and beef, and I tend to favour the demise of the EU-Mercosur deal on these grounds. But even then, China could very possibly ignore sanctions and continue commerce. What do you guys think?