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Fun Fact
Total funding amounts to $125.3M.
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Wheelchair Power point
Go to the power point in my email account
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Midterm Paper
In-Service Training Welcome Hibbard Elementary school! I am so excited to be your expert on Assistive technology used in the schools, I hope this paper will help you all better understand what assistive technology I and how it is used to help any and all students better learn. First, I am going to explain to you all what a UDL or universal designed for learning is all about. The ideas of UDL in the classroom is that anyone can access the learning material. Sometimes to ensure that everyone can access it there may need to be various tools involved to ensure that the students fully comprehend the information being taught. This can be taught through multiple means of representation, expression and engagement to tap into learners interests so that they feel comfortable sharing their newly found knowledge in class. The UDL has four parts to make sure that the student is properly taken care of, Instructional goals, methods, materials, and assessment. Each step will help confirm that the student is properly taken care of and continues to be taken care of throughout their education. Next is assistive technology or AT. AT is any device, item, or system that help a person, with or without a disability, better improve themselves making it easier for them to communicate with others, learn or function. AT can vary from a pencil grip to a high-tech talking computer system. Assistive technology is a big part of education because it can dramatically change a student’s independence when it comes to their learning. AT is connected to UDL because it help the students better understand the material being taught because they can be more involved and engaged in the learning. Now there are AT devices and AT services, although similar they are not the same. The devices that the students use are long term and are sometimes used in their everyday life and likely used throughout their whole educational career. AT services are thing that are put in place to help the students get used to their new devices, this can be a teacher aid. The devices are long lasting where the services are temporarily in place to help the students adjust to their new tech. I know that you guys are all excited to hear about the different kinds of Assistive tech out there but hold your horses, not all the AT out there is super expensive or high tech. there is an AT continuum that ranges from some subtitles to wheelchairs and the prices range from free to hundreds of thousands of dollars. The funding for these devices will be given from the school if the device can stay in the classes and used for future students, but if the student needs a more personalized device the family will step in helping their child. How do you choose what device will best help the student you say? Well there is a system set up to help the child get what will best help them called S.E.T.T. This stand for Student, environment, tasks and tools. This device helps to promote collaborate decision making throughout the AT process. The team of people that help decide what will best help the student take into account the individual student, their distinct environment, the tasks that they have to preform and the tools that they have at home to complete them. So now that you understand the steps taken to select different AT devices, you may be wondering how to share this parents at home. To know this, you must first understand what an IEP is. An IEP is an individualized learning program. A team of adults and the student come up with ways that they can make their learning the most efficient it can possibly be. The IEP includes multiple statements that help describe the student’s current levels of academic achievements and their functional performance. The AT will be mentioned throughout the IEP process enabling the student to be successful in their educations. Some of you may be concerned about how their children are included in the classroom alongside their peers. Well there is an IDEA or Individuals with Disabilities Educational Improvement Act that helps the kids be included in everyday life. There are six parts to the IDEA but let’s focus on two of them. First one being FAPE or free appropriate public education, this is tailored to a student’s individual needs. FAPE ensures that all students with a disability will be admitted into the public schools with the support they need to learn and attend school. The second one I will tell you about is the LRE or least restrictive environment. This means that the students will be placed in environments that are the most like a typical child’s environment making the student fell like an equal but still succeed in classroom. Now that you all know the IDEA and other steps it takes to have AT let me share with you some of the laws made that made all this the reality in schools. The first law is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) that prohibited “discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, state and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications.” This is an important part of history because without this law anyone with a disability would still be seen as useless people that just drag society down, not people with the potential to make something out of themselves and others along the way. The second law is section 508 of the rehabilitation Act, this act “requires that all electronic and information technologies developed and used by any Federal government agency must be accessible to people with disabilities.” This is important because if you think about how much you do in your everyday life with technology, and the think about how hard it would be if you still had to do everything you did before but without technology, how difficult would that be? This law helps ensure that the disabled will be able to do everything they need to do using technology with no problems. Thank you all for attending this meeting and learning more about the assistive technology that you will see used throughout the school. Have a great day!
Sources https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/special-services/ieps/understanding-individualized-education-programs#item0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individuals_with_Disabilities_Education_Act http://www.udlcenter.org/aboutudl/whatisudl https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/assistive-technology/assistive-technologies-basics http://www.p12.nysed.gov/specialed/formsnotices/IEP/training/module2_files/textonly/slide25.html https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/assistive-technology-at-continuum/1608 http://www.joyzabala.com/uploads/Zabala_SETT_Leveling_the_Learning_Field.pdf https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/edlite-FAPE504.html https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/disability/ada
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Midterm
SPED 300: Midterm paper UDL outline: universal designed for learning is all about making sure everyone is can access the learning material. Students may need different tools to fully comprehend the knowledge. Multiple means of representation to give learners various ways of acquiring information and knowledge, Multiple means of expression to provide learners alternatives for demonstrating what they know, and Multiple means of engagement to tap into learners' interests, challenge them appropriately, and motivate them to learn has four parts: instructional goals, methods, materials, and assessments
AT outline: any device, piece of equipment or system that helps a person with a disability work around his challenges so he can learn, communicate or simply function better. Important because it helps make their lives easier. Connects to udl cuz it helps them understand better
Difference between AT devices and AT services: Devices are to help an the student do better, services are things to help them get used to the devices, maybe a teacher aid or something
AT continuum: low tech and high tech Funding school funds it if used just in school, parents fund it if its at the home/everyday life
SETT: four part model intended to promote collaborative decision-making in all phases of assistive technology service design and delivery from consideration through implementation and evaluation of effectiveness. SETT is an acronym for Student, Environments, Tasks, and Tools.
IEP: individualized education plan, big team assess the student and tries to find the best way they can to make their learning the most effective. cornerstone of a quality education for each child with a disability. (IEPs) must include statements describing students’ present levels of academic achievement and functional performance
IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Educational Improvement Act to ensure that all students with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living
AT Laws: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, state and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications. Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act - requires that all electronic and information technologies developed and used by any Federal government agency must be accessible to people with disabilities. This includes websites, video and audio tapes, electronic books, televised programs, and other such media. Individuals with disabilities may still have to use special hardware and/or software to access the resources.
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AT to Enhance Positioning and Mobility
AT to Enhance Positioning and Mobility Importance of Proper Positioning to daily Functioning • Without AT children with severe disabilities quickly fall behind and may even be incorrectly labeled as having a learning, cognitive or multiple disabilities • Lack of AT leads to slower development which leads to illness • Goal is to have the student gain independent control IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) • Physical Disability = orthopedic impairment, brain injury, other health impairment that limits their ability to learn or take part in regular school day. • .6% of school age children have disabilities that require special education Universal Space Partial Participation • Students do what they can • Little goals Assessment of students needs for AT or P&M • Needs in every environment • Interaction between Team leader and school personal • Assessment strategy o The Physical, social, and emotional strengths and needs of the individual o The common activities and environment in which the individual participates o The input of the individual, their family, and the school personal who are involved with the individual o The quality of life of the individual as compared to the peers who do not experience physical disabilities AT to maintain position • Travel pillows • Neck pillow • Supine stander • Prone stander • Wheelchair with insert AT for Mobility • Walking, rolling, crawling, creeping, scooting, or wheeling. • Manual, battery. • Learn ad they go Including AT in IEP (individualized Education Plan), IFSP (Individualized Family Service Plan), 504 • Creator should be instructor and teacher should know how to use it
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HWD self evaluation
HWD learning project Review I chose to research Down Syndrome. I wanted to better understand the effect it had on the development of a child. Once I started my research I started to see that to understand development I needed to better understand Chromosomes, so that’s what my HWD projects turned into. There are still multiple aspects of down syndrome in my final project but I spent most of my time learning about the chromosomes and how they effect the development of a child resulting in children that have disabilities like down syndrome or Edwards syndrome. The questions I had are: 1. What causes down syndrome? 2. How is the development of the brain effected? 3. How is development of the body effected? 4. Why do the chromosomes change so much about the child? 5. What is a chromosome? 6. Are there other syndromes for other malfunctions in chromosomes? Self-Evaluation Number of data and sources: 4 • I have about 5 main resources and they came from a variety of places, I got some from the library, peer reviewed papers, and just random things off the internet. Breadth or Sources: 4 • I did have several types of sources and they were all high quality Conclusion: 4 • My topic is interesting got any one in this field and beneficial to them, so they can better understand where their students come from and how they best learn. All my questions were answers. Learning Representation: 4 • I had a blast making my final project and I think it’s interesting and entertaining to the audience. It’s pleasing to the eye and easy to understand. Learning Goal: 4 • My learning Goal that I set at the beginning of the semester was met and then some. I feel that I learned way more that I would’ve if I restricted myself to just down syndrome and the brain specifically. I am glad I learned more about this topic, it was fun and worth the effort. Total score: 100
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HWD Lyrics
HWD project From day one on your baby’s body begins to form, it’s all decided by your chromosomes Oh yeah, Chromosome What’s a chromosome? It may sound confusing now, but it won’t be for long They are found In your DNA Making up who you’ll become before you’re a week old When does it begin? Fetus fetus Made up of both your, Both your parents! When they combine there is 46 23 from each your mom and dad 23 pairs from your mom and dad But sometimes there more that’s fine It just makes you special And there’s different kinds one of them Downs It’s Down Syndrome! When the 21st pair has more than two The child’s growth will change The fetus will develop differently reacting to proteins But there’s more syndromes that can come From extra chromosomes Making 47 This is called aneuploidy when there’s one or more extra or missing chromosome Edwards syndrome’s a genetic disorder when there’s three of the 18th chromosome More often found in girls than boys Now lets go back to How the brains works How to chromosomes Effect the brain? Chromosomes are in all of your DNA found all over in your body they’re your genes they decide your facial features and your growth from both you parents Chromosomes Chromosomes Chromosomes Chromosomes Chromosomes…. Effect the brain when there’s too many Changes development that’s not bad they’re the nicest guys they’ve got kind hearts and you may think that they’re retarded but their more than that they’re my hero I really love all God’s Children (jazz hand out to all the children) From one extra chromosome (different sun glasses pop out from side to side) It makes them special Everyone’s special Oh yeah yes we are! (end in a snap)
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HWD research
HWD research
Down syndrome is when there is an extra copy of the 21st chromosome PEER REVIEWED SOURCES What does their body look like? • Persons with Down syndrome often are short in stature and have a small, round head with a high, flattened forehead and protruding tongue. A typical feature is a fold of skin, the epicanthic fold, on either side of the bridge of the nose. Muscle tone may be poor. https://eds-a-ebscohost-com.byui.idm.oclc.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=a5a97ba2-e374-426d-bfe1-85256a795941@sessionmgr4006&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU=#AN=DO082400&db=funk
Chromosome? • Chromosome, in a biological Cell, a tiny structure composed of a molecule of DNA and, in many organisms, associated Proteins. The DNA molecule carries the genetic instructions, “the blueprint,” for making living organisms, and is divided into genes—small units of heredity passed from parent to offspring. https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.byui.idm.oclc.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=4c5b462c-484e-43cf-aaaa-f1078376502e@sessionmgr4007&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU=#AN=CH136000&db=funk WEBSITES SOURCES What’s a chromosome? • Chromosomes are what you get from each parent to make you who you are, they combine during early stages of cell division • You usually get 23 from each making 46 • Trisomy 21 is when there is a set of 3 chromosomes instead of 2 in the 21st chromo • Most fetuses are miscarried and those who aren’t have down syndrome • all DS babies have some degree of mental impairment but its only severe in 10% • there are other trisomy’s like 18 and 13 but they usually don’t live for linger than a few days • the older a mother is the more likely they are you have a trisomy baby (35 or older) https://www.babycenter.com/404_what-does-it-mean-when-a-baby-has-an-extra-chromosome_5279.bc Different Chromosome disorders. “Aneuploidy: the occurrence of one or more extra or missing chromosomes leading to an unbalanced chromosome complement, or any chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the “haploid” number (which is 23). (GeneReviews) Missing a chromosome or having an extra chromosome. Includes “monosomies” and “trisomy’s.” (Lewis, 244) Down Syndrome: a disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 and characterized by mental retardation and distinguishing physical features. (NCI1) The extra chromosome causes problems with the way the body and brain develop. Down syndrome is one of the most common causes of human birth defects. (PubMedHealth2) Symptoms associated with the syndrome include mental retardation, distinctive facial characteristics, and increased risk for heart defects and digestive problems, which can range from mild to severe. The risk of having a child with Down syndrome rises with the mother's age at the time of conception. Edwards Syndrome: a genetic disorder in which a person has a third copy of material from chromosome 18, instead of the usual two copies. A somewhat common syndrome. It is three times more common in girls than boys. (PubMedHealth2) Major abnormalities include heart defects, a displaced liver, growth retardation, and oddly clenched fists. Most cases are traced to “nondisjunction” in “meiosis II” of the “oocyte.” (Lewis, 247) Less than 5% of conceptions survive 1 year after birth. (Lewis, 246) Also referred to as ‘Trisomy 18.’ Jacobs Syndrome: male with an extra Y chromosome. One male in 1,000 has an extra Y chromosome. Can arise from nondisjunction in the male, producing a sperm with two Y chromosomes. Symptoms may include great height and aggressive or violent behavior. 96 percent of XYY males are apparently normal. (Lewis, 249) Although males with this condition may be taller than average, this chromosomal change typically causes no unusual physical features. Most males with the syndrome have normal sexual development and are able to father children. Syndrome is associated with an increased risk of learning disabilities and delayed development of speech and language skills. This condition occurs in about 1 in 1,000 newborn boys. Five to 10 boys with ’47, XYY’ syndrome are born in the United States each day. (GHR) Also referred to as ‘XXY syndrome’ and ’47, XYY.’ Klinefelter Syndrome: a chromosomal condition that affects male physical and “cognitive” development. Its signs and symptoms vary among affected individuals. (GHR) Klinefelter syndrome is when a boy is born with at least one extra X chromosome. This would be written as ‘XXY.’ Klinefelter syndrome occurs in about 1 out of 500 to 1,000 baby boys. Women who get pregnant after age 35 are slightly more likely to have a boy with this syndrome than younger women. (PubMedHealth2) Males with this disorder may have larger than normal breasts, a lack of facial and body hair, a rounded body type, and small testicles. They may learn to speak much later than other children and may have difficulty learning to read and write. Klinefelter syndrome increases the risk of developing germ cell tumors and “breast cancer.” (NCI1) Also referred to as ‘XXY Syndrome’ and ’47, XXY.’ Nondisjunction: uneven distribution of chromosomes in meiosis. Causes aneuploidy. (Lewis, 244) An error in cell division (that) results in a reproductive cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes Patau Syndrome: a genetic disorder in which a person has three copies of genetic material from chromosome 13, instead of the usual two copies. Rarely, the extra material may be attached to another chromosome (“translocation”). Occurs when extra DNA from chromosome 13 appears in some or all of the body's cells. 'Trisomy 13 mosaicism’ is the presence of an extra chromosome 13 in some of the cells. ‘Partial trisomy’ is the presence of a part of an extra chromosome 13 in the cells. The extra material interferes with normal development. (Patau syndrome) occurs in about 1 out of every 10,000 newborns. Most cases are not inherited. Instead, the events that lead to trisomy 13 occur in either the sperm or the egg that forms the fetus. (PubMedHealth2) Major abnormalities affect the heart, kidneys, brain, face and limbs. A few individuals have survived until adulthood, but they do not progress developmentally beyond the 6-month level. Less than 5% of conceptions survive 1 year after birth. (Lewis, 246-248) Also referred to as ‘Trisomy 13.’ Polyploidy: the chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of chromosomes. (MeSH) An entire extra set of chromosomes.” http://www.richardsonthebrain.com/chromosome-disorders/ How is the Brain developed? Brain develops rapidly in a fetus By the end of the 3rd week the embryo had all 3 parts of the brain developed and by the forth week the brain begins functioning (begins to work on the placement of the organs and systems) By the start of the second trimester all major functions of the brain are developed and mature. The brain connects to all parts of the body (connections are complete by the 7th month) Many things can effect the brain during the process of developing the child. Abnormal cell aggregation can be caused by genetics or external factors like the mother drinking, smoking or being too stressed. https://www.modernmom.com/9da32444-3b45-11e3-8407-bc764e04a41e.html Chromosomes develop different things. Different chromosomes contain different genes. That is, each chromosome contains a specific chunk of the genome. http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/resources/whats_a_genome/Chp1_2_1.shtml The 21st chromosome make proteins (our bodies workers), if there too may proteins caused by an extra chromosome, this imbalance causes the characteristic traits, such as mental retardation. An thick tongue and small body stature. The 18th chromosome is the to be or not to be cells, they decide if your palms are going to be webbed or not, our hands are what they are today because the cells that used to be in between our figures in the womb decided to die. The 13th chromosome is in charge of happiness. What makes us feel pleasure? A small molecule known as serotonin, amongst a few others. Serotonin relays the sensation of pleasure to our brain by binding to a receptor protein. http://www.chromosomewalk.ch/en/list-of-chromosomes/
Conclusion of Why I Picked My Topic At the beginning of the semester I was going to do different speech impediments and what AT is used to help them. I would’ve learned a lot if I stuck with that, but early on into my research I found that my heart wasn’t really in that, I just chose it because I figured that it would be easy and there would be a lot of research about it. I switched to how down syndrome is developed in the fetus and what effects it has, I am not a fan of biology or really science at all but I’m glad I researched it, because I learned so much about how the body develops and what down syndrome really is.
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