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Group 7 Recommends! 

Must Visit, Intramuros! 

Need a break from academics or you want to explore Manila? 

Intramuros is a historical area of Manila. The "Walled City" is a major cultural and historical site in the country. Intramuros was created in the 16th century during the Spanish colonial period and functioned as the hub of political, military, and religious power at the time.

The area is surrounded by massive stone walls and defenses built by Spanish colonizers to safeguard the city from assaults. Visitors to Intramuros will encounter well-preserved Spanish-era architecture including as churches, government buildings, museums, and other historical attractions.

Intramuros is home to significant historical sites such as Fort Santiago, a 16th-century citadel that was once a Spanish military prison and is now a museum; San Agustin Church, the Philippines' oldest stone church and a UNESCO World Heritage site; and Casa Manila, a colonial-era house turned museum that depicts the lifestyle of the Spanish aristocracy at the time.

Intramuros, with its cobblestone alleys, colonial buildings, and rich cultural legacy, is like stepping back in time. It is a must-see location for history aficionados, architecture enthusiasts, and anybody interested in the colonial history of the Philippines.

Source: "Fort Santiago." Visit Fort Santiago, Philippine Government, 15 Dec. 2021, https://visitfortsantiago.com/.

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To the Filipino Youth by Jose Rizal

"To the Filipino Youth" is Jose Rizal's passionate and stirring call to action, seeking Filipino youth to embrace their national identity, empower themselves through education, xand stand up for their country's future. It is a timeless reminder of the necessity of youth empowerment, nationalism, and knowledge quest in the pursuit of a better society.

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To the Filipino Youth by Jose Rizal

Hold high the brow serene,

O youth, where now you stand;

Let the bright sheen

Of your grace be seen,

Fair hope of my fatherland!

Come now, thou genius grand,

And bring down inspiration;

With thy mighty hand,

Swifter than the wind's violation,

Raise the eager mind to higher station.

Come down with pleasing light

Of art and science to the fight,

O youth, and there untie

The chains that heavy lie,

Your spirit free to blight.

See how in flaming zone

Amid the shadows thrown,

The Spaniard'a holy hand

A crown's resplendent band

Proffers to this Indian land.

Thou, who now wouldst rise

On wings of rich emprise,

Seeking from Olympian skies

Songs of sweetest strain,

Softer than ambrosial rain;

Thou, whose voice divine

Rivals Philomel's refrain

And with varied line

Through the night benign

Frees mortality from pain; 

Thou, who by sharp strife

Wakest thy mind to life ;

And the memory bright

Of thy genius' light

Makest immortal in its strength ;

And thou, in accents clear

Of Phoebus, to Apelles dear ;

Or by the brush's magic art

Takest from nature's store a part,

To fig it on the simple canvas' length;

Go forth, and then the sacred fire

Of thy genius to the laurel may aspire ;

To spread around the fame,

And in victory acclaim,

Through wider spheres the human name.

Day, O happy day,

Fair Filipinas, for thy land!

So bless the Power to-day

That places in thy way

This favor and this fortune grand!

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To The Philippines Poem by Jose Rizal

The poem was originally written in Spanish and was entitled "A La Patria," but it is more commonly known as "To the Philippines" in English.

The poem was written during the late 19th century when the Philippines was under Spanish colonial rule. Rizal was a key figure in the Philippine Revolution and used his writing to express his love for his country and to call for independence from Spain.

The poem "To the Philippines" speaks of the beauty of the country and its people, as well as the oppression and suffering that the Filipinos endured under Spanish rule. The poem also expresses hope for a brighter future and the possibility of liberation from colonialism.

The poem has become an important piece of Philippine literature and has been translated into several languages. It is considered one of Rizal's most well-known works and continues to inspire Filipinos in their fight for freedom and national identity.

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To The Philippines Poem by Jose Rizal

Warm and beautiful like a houri of yore,

as gracious and as pure as the break of dawn

when darling clouds take on a sapphire tone,

sleeps a goddess on the Indian shore.

The small waves of the sonorous sea assail

her feet with ardent, amorous kisses, while

the intellectual West adores her smile;

and the old hoary Pole, her flower veil.

My Muse, most enthusiastic and elate,

sings to her among naiads and undines;

I offer her my fortune and my fate.

With myrtle, purple roses, and flowering greens

and lilies, crown her brow immaculate,

O artists, and exalt the Philippines!

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His Books

In relation to Makamisa:

The novel has only one chapter. It runs for only ten pages and is hand-written in the old orthographic ancillary glyphs.[1] Although written in a different language, its style, characterization and setting mirror those of Rizal's two previous works, Noli me tangere and El filibusterismo which he wrote in Spanish. The chapter ends with a short unfinished sentence:

Sapagkát nabalitang nasampál si aleng Anday ay wala mandin siláng

which in English is equivalent to:

Although it was rumored that aunt Anday received slaps on her face, they still do not [have]

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His School

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Title: To the Filipino Youth (Translation by Charles E. Derbyshire)

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A la juventud filipina (written in 1879 by Jose Rizal he wrote it in University of Santo Tomas) and Spanish ver A la juventud filipina

Sources: Ongostto, R. R. (2002). In R. R. Ongostto (Ed.), Philippine History Module-based Learning I' 2002 Ed. (2002nd ed., p. 124). essay, REX Book Store. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=ITLRpPrrcykC&pg=PA124&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false.

Drona, B. M. (1970, January 1). "A la juventud filipina" ("To the filipino youth") - jose rizal (1879). THE FILIPINO MIND. Retrieved April 20, 2023, from https://www.thefilipinomind.com/2020/11/a-la-juventud-filipina-to-filipino.html

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Social Justice in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period

During the time that the Philippines was under Spanish colonial rule, the Filipino people were refused the right to justice. The cornerstone of every colonizer's power structure is the ability to trample on the rights of the oppressed. 

The Philippines had been colonized by the Spaniards for over 333 years, and—during their colonization—social justice was largely absent within the Philippines, owing to the power abuse and misconduct of the Spanish authorities in the country. Social justice during the Spanish colonial period faced many challenges, specifically in the religious, political, and economical sectors. 

Religion. The friars contributed to the lack of justice in the country with their misuse and abuse of their authority and power as religious figures to further oppress the Filipino people.  Through their teachings and religious scare tactics, they made sure to keep the Filipinos in a state of ignorance and subservience in order to maintain their power and continue to inflict harm and abuse on the Filipino people (Robinson, 1901). This made it tough for the Filipinos to realize the mistreatment they received from the friars and other Spanish rulers and therefore harder for them to think about revolting.

Politics. The Spanish government demonstrated cruelty to the Filipinos as they created unjust regulations and restrictions which hindered the prosperity and growth of the Filipinos. They made policies and established institutional systems that were in their favor (allowed them to financially prosper, maintain their position and power, and take advantage of the Filipino people) which led to corruption and cruelty towards the Filipino people. 

The economy. The civil guards, despite being perceived as peacekeepers, were actually part of the problem. Despite their image as keepers of peace, they were the pillars of injustice back in the day as they misused their authority to harm people and comply with the unjust actions and orders of the friars and the government. This led to much more oppression and a lack of justice, which particularly affected the lower-class Filipinos who were at the bottom of the social hierarchy and who had no power to fight against the injustices perpetrated by these systemic issues. 

The lack of social justice in the three sectors contributed to a vicious cycle of suffering for the Filipino people. The Spaniards went out of their way to prevent us from learning and understanding their mother tongue as a way to institutionalize oppression, which gave them enormous power over the Indios (Anderson, 2007). During the Spanish colonization period, the monastic orders played a crucial role in establishing feudal power structures and religious institutions. Thus, the religious doctrines imposed upon the Filipino people were used as tools by the Spaniards to keep them under their control. Additionally, the government back then operated on the Spanish language. And with only the Spaniards and a few members of the Filipino elite understanding Spanish, many Filipinos were victimized and left powerless against oppressive policies they could not understand (forceful seizure of land, imposing of taxes and demands of tributes, forced labor, etc.) (Robles, 2017). As these policies gave Spaniards almost total control over the income and labor of the Indios,  they would use their control over the economy to even further leverage their power. As a result, the Filipinos were trapped in a cycle of oppression, with their rights continuously undermined through political, economical, and religious means.

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Source: Rizal, Jose. "Mi Ultimo Adios." Scribd, 2016, https://www.scribd.com/document/322123291/Mi-Ultimo-Adios.

Rizal, Jose. "Mi Ultimo Adios." Scribd, 4 Dec. 2018, https://www.scribd.com/document/397821421/Mi-Ultimo-Adios.