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ADDITIONAL ISLAMIC DECORATIVE ELEMENTS;

Water;

This type of element are often used in hot Islamic climates. Water can not only reflect architecture and emphasize more the decorative themes. It can also give the means of the visual axes. Garden and Water played an important role  in Islamic architecture element because garden often viewed as the garden of paradise

Light;

Light can emphasize a dynamic quality to Islamic architecture as the Islam known as the light or key to enter Janna. Extending the patterns, forms and the designs. The combination light and shade creates strong contrasts and gives texture to sculptured stones, as well as brick surface.

CASE STUDY ON GEOMETRIC are based in Islamic Architecture

The Geometric patterns consist of the four basic shapes, or that known as “repeat units”

- Circles and interfaced circles

- The squares or four-sided polygon

- The star pattern which is derived from squares and triangles drawn in a circle

- Multisided polygons

 The circle and its center at which all Islamic patterns begin. It shows that there is only on god. Secondly, Triangles symbolizes human, nature and god. That is live with harmony (continuous line of triangle). Forth, The square is the symbol of physical experience and the physical world or materially. After that, the hexagon symbolizes heaven and finally the star symbolizes the spread of Islam

Images are taken from Google

Reference:

http://www.tojdac.org/tojdac/VOLUME6-APRLSPCL_files/tojdac_v060ASE111.pdf

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Calligraphy;

It is the type of visual approach that closely linked to geometry. The proportions of the letter are all dominated by mathematics, inscription are used as frame along and around the architecture element features of a building like cornices, minaret, kiosk etc. Deeper meaning of Calligraphy context in Islamic architecture often can take form as functional purposes

Geometric pattern;

Islamic identity in repetition, balance, symmetry and continuously produced the pattern. The unity of the geometry with such optical effect (balancing the positive and negative areas).it is important to use the color psychological means and tone value to create certainties environments such as happiness, Gratefulness, blissfulness etc.

Arabesque (Islimi);

Arabesque designs are biomorphic, which is floral patterns representing nature. Unity of the nature in terms of balance and accuracy. The Floral and tress might be used to create beautiful motifs for the decoration on particular textiles, objects and buildings.

Images are taken from Google online

Reference;

http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0617/ijsrp-p6640.pdf

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DETAILS IN ANALYZING THE ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGNS

ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE CONTAINS;

- Balanced and symmetry

- Concept of perfect creation

- Formal landscape

- The uses of striated masonry (bricks and stone)

The factors that led the geometry designs in Islamic Art can be seen as spiritual  are due to:

1) Circles have no end way. They are infinite and so that they remind Muslims that Allah is the only one to worship.

2) Complex geometric designs make the impression of never ending story  (repetition) and this helps an individual to get an idea of believe the nature of creator

3) Patterns are often make us of plant motif, and this is called arabesques or islimi

4) Stylized Arabic lettering is also produced.

Images are taken from Google

Reference:

http://www.tojdac.org/tojdac/VOLUME6-APRLSPCL_files/tojdac_v060ASE111.pdf

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The Art Nouveau Furniture, which applies with organic shapes and curving lines that involves with the idea of nature and Craftsmanship skills. Some of these lines come in the form of whiplash curves and linear quality of Japanese art. Art Nouveau furniture is made of materials such hardwood, walnut, oak and teak. These materials are cut and assembled together to form a flat decorative surface.

Images are taken from Google online

References;

https://study.com/academy/lesson/art-nouveau-furniture-history-characteristics.html

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HOTEL TASSEL, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM Designed by Victor Horta (1861-1947) was a Belgian Architect and Designer, and one of the founders of the Art Nouveau movement. His unique idea and invention of the curving stylized Vegetal forms influenced other designers including Hector Guimard.

Hotel Tassel's exterior is designed to harmonize with the neighboring buildings that it illustrates a traditional appearance but the interior was completely new look (interior filled with space and light) the interior design featured with curling lines and pattern with flora and fauna which also repeated in railing of railways that made of iron. This work portrayed as the stylish revolution that can be seen from the open space, the uses of light and brilliant joint of curved lined as decoration with the structure of the building.Thus, it elaborate design that influenced from Art Nouveau  and natural lightings were entering trough glass window facade to harmonize the interior environment 

Images are taken from Google online

Reference;

https://www.theartstory.org/artist/horta-victor/artworks/

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CASTEL BERANGER, PARIS, FRANCE Designed by Hector Guimard and built between 1895 and 1898

The ground floor plan of this Castel Beranger made Guimard’s to build and applied with the concept of Art Nouveau in the plan itself. The entire plan is asymmetrical. Each of the apartment is designed differently. This was to show more styles that based on the Art Nouveau. 

His architecture style is heavily inspired by The Art Nouveau Architecture. The facade of this building shows classical elements such as moldings and columns etc. Apparently, it uses a lot of curvilinear lines which forming floral patterns both interior and exterior architecture. The entire plans are more likely to be asymmetrical where each shape and form are designed differently. Guimard focused on the importance of unity in a building in terms of the structure, decoration, furniture, wallpaper and decoration should all put together in one visionary.

Images are taken from google online

Reference;

https://frenchmoments.eu/castel-beranger/

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The best-known representative of the Art Nouveau movement: Hector Guimard (1867-1942) was a French Architect and Designer, known as a great degree in collaborating his works with the Art Nouveau style of the late nineteenth. He then created and developed his own style of Art Nouveau which would be focusing on the idea of harmony, unity and continuity. This led him to do well in designing the interior furnishing, designing furniture and decoration of his building. Guimard's formality continuity means the linear designs that have practical functions and can be seen as harmony visually in abstract patterns. Guimard began to involve in designing the furniture, ornamental ironwork, carpet, glass, wall paper, door and window designs.

The ART NOUVEAU characteristics:

- An organic or nature forms

- Unbalanced design elements

- The use of exotic elements (rich structure forms and curves lines)

Art Nouveau saw no separation in principle between fine art( sculpture and painting and applied to furniture, building and practical object

Images are taken from Google 

Reference;

https://www.theartstory.org/artist/guimard-hector/

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Art Nouveau (1890-1915) in Arch/interior and even mostly employed in product design.

Art Nouveau means "New Art" which spread in England as the initial movement, later throughout the European continent. The modern art movement begins as Art and industry works together to create a beautiful and functional product, and even be applied on building materials such as railing and gates.

The characteristics or pattern designs of Art Nouveau was the introduction of using fluid and curvy lines as to strengthen the beauty look of a design. It was inspired by lines and shapes of natures (natural forms with angular contour) and Japanese elegance as it was already quite popular flora and fauna (2 dimensional). It emphasizes on handcrafting as to oppose the used of machines technology

Images are taken from Google online

References;

study.com/academy/lesson/art-nouveau-furniture-history-characteristics.html

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CASA VICENS.(1883-1889)

Designed by The God of Architect’s Antoni Gaudi

The building shows about the combination of traditional materials and decorative art the mostly to be influence from Art Nouveau movement. The majority to shown on the facade of the building. The wrought iron implemented on facade and balconies has been built into natural objects such as herbs and plants to hid deep connection with nature. Casa Vicens also reflects Gaudi’s love towards nature and incorporated it into the building. His nature is more to be applied on the tile as the decoration. 

It shows the Moorish influence. Particularly evident on the top Roof towers are to be influenced by Moorish architecture and the structure show about its simplicity, matching colors shown, its natural motif, its abundant decoration. The casa is constructed with stone, rough red bricks, and colored ceramic tiles inn checkerboard and floral patterns. The palm is asymmetrical with gables and buttresses. The yellow, zinnia flower tile was designed by Gaudi, was then manufactured by Vicens

Images are taken from Google online

References;

1) study.com/academy/lesson/art-nouveau-furniture-history-characteristics.html

2) https://borealabode.com/gaudi-casa-vicens

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ROOF TOP, CASA BATLLO, BARCELONA, SPAIN

There are at around 600 tile required to create the appearance of scale, cover tie roof of Casa Batllo. It is built with PINKISH-BLUE ceramic pieces in the form of scale and portrays the back of the dragon. This building designed and constructed with mosaic tiles on the roof top that viewed as a reptile skin

Gaudi designed the roof of casa Batllo in one great slope with rounded end as he hate straight end. So that visual continuity with the neighboring. There is also one large white canopy along with its four spires and it is the place for the fireplace purposes

Images are taken from Google online

References;

https://www.barcelonacheckin.com/en/r/barcelona_tourism_guide/articles/casa-batllo-gaudi-inside-facade-roof

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CASA BATLLO, BARCELONA, SPAIN Designed by The God of Architect’s Antoni Gaudi As for the exterior of this building, Gaudi used Trencadis (broken tile mosaic, bits and pieces) to build it and most of the surfaces are designed in wavy form. He then later used masks, confetti, sculpt bones and dragonfly as the decorative elements. His design includes Art Nouveau technique which emphasizes on organic forms and exotic elements (curvilinear lines and rich in textures) The interior design is heavily influenced by Art Nouveau style which has floral patterns and natural forms with more angular contour that applied at most parts of the casa Batllo interior.

In childhood Antonio was often alone and pay attention to clouds, flowers, and insects. He always wanted to build like a nature. The best interiors he found in sky and sea, ideal sculptural forms were trees and cloud. Antonio was born in little town at the sea and all his childhood are connected with it. The impression of experiences he brought trough all his life. That’s why some buildings looks like locks from sand

The wrought-iron balconies are masks, and the pinnacle of the façade is a harlequin’s hat.The tower of casa batllo interpreted as its four arms, the balconies represent the skulls of the dragon’s victims and the stone columns as their bones. The railings of the balconies are applied with a single piece of wrought iron

Images are taken from Google online

References;

https://www.barcelonacheckin.com/en/r/barcelona_tourism_guide/articles/casa-batllo-gaudi-inside-facade-roof

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THE CHURCH OF SAGRADA FAMILIA, BARCELONA, SPAIN Designed by Antoni Gaudi

The construction of the Sagrada Familia combining Gothic and Curvilinear Art Nouveau 3D Dimension forms. Distinctive work that characterized by underrating curves and rich in colored scrambled textures.

He then developed his style by implementing his works with Juxtapositions of geometrical shapes and applying the surfaces with patterns into bricks, ceramic tiles, and floral designs. The exterior facade contains a lot of sculpture works (human figure), wavy lines and other nature organic shapes. He also created types of structure known as Equilibrated which means the structure that could stand on its own without internal braces and external buttressing.

Images are taken from Google online

Reference;

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Sagrada_Familia

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Antoni Gaudi (God's of Architect, 1852-1926) was a Spanish architect that most of his works are located in Barcelona. The Church of The Sagrada Familia is the most remarkable achievements of his life as an architect.

His Architectural style is heavily influenced by the geometric shapes which consist of hyperboloids, paraboloids, helical, conoids and ellipsoids. He was very much influenced by The Gothic Art and oriental styles. However, Gaudi hated right angles and straight architectural forms (he avoided straight consistent lines but only using curvilinear forms) to implement into his works.

images are taken from google online

Referece;

1) https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Sagrada_Familia

2) https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antoni-Gaudi

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THE INTERIOR DESIGN OF MUSEUM XXI, ROME , DESIGN BY ZAHA HADID    

This particular stair creates the sinuous shapes and the fluid shape. The variety and interweaving of spaces and the use of light lead to a spatial and functional framework of great complexity. It is constantly changing and giving unexpected view from within the building and in/outdoor spaces. A neutral appearance when the light installed underneath the staircase shows dynamic, powerful sign that could transform the mood of any feelings into naturally energetic

The continuous roof skylight and light colored interior walls. The natural day lighting effect would give a warm environment due to the cold climate outside. It has the galleries that contains in long, narrow concrete forms that curves, overlap and weaving around each other.

The black colored ceiling in contrast with the colored of the floor. It is very matching colors which both have the reticulated lines. This more on urban environment, the placement of the florescent light in vertical linear but different spacing on each lamp (system grid). The dots light portray the placement of the florescent light. (Balance and unity). It give spiritual energy for the positive environment

Images are taken from Google online

References:

https://www.archdaily.com/43822/maxxi-museum-zaha-hadid-architects

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THE MUSEUM XXI, ROME, DESIGNED BY ZAHA HADID

UNIQUE FEATURES AND DESIGN:

- Fluid form that could be meant by the water movement or making wave from the view of the buildings structure

- Bending form of structure of the building (linear) and dynamic. Undulating  from the point of view that not have symmetric style

- Categorized as a fluid form due to its curvy continuously lines that look flexible.

- Windows and the entrance take some of fluid form transforming into mass shapes and designs

Images are taken from Google online

References:

https://www.archdaily.com/43822/maxxi-museum-zaha-hadid-architects

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THE INTERIOR DESIGN OF GALAXY SOHO IN BEIJING, CHINA (2010)

Project Architect: Zaha Hadid

The retail area where mostly installed with the glass façade and the uses of down lights on the continuous ceilings just  like indicating it a walkway. it illustrates  the impression for not letting the people to lose their way.

Top floor units have both indoor and outdoor entertainments which allowing visitors to come for enjoyment of both internal and external landscapes. the unique views can be seen from the architectural landscape’s building and the "galaxy" panorama can be feel

Images are taken from Google online

Reference:

https://archello.com/project/galaxy-soho

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THE INTERIOR DESIGN OF GALAXY SOHO IN BEIJING, CHINA (2010)

Project Architect: Zaha Hadid

Retail and entertainment spaces on the first three levels are framed by flower steel structures and linking bridges overhead. It is very modern, masculine, and timeless, the circle oval structure made from the pre-cast concrete. It is weightless that can withstand the building structure.

From my point of view, this building inspired from nature such as plants or natures due its organic forms and patterns. Most parts of the designs have irregular surfaces and often asymmetrical. The design is very much incorporated with fluid, seamless and curvy linear as It looks like a biological analogy building (branches of trees and fruits). It has a spiraling organic shape in nature. She was manipulating the ground with different floor designs and shapes

Images are taken from Google online

Reference:

https://archello.com/project/galaxy-soho