miniaturedreamlover

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IS SMOKING ASSOCIATED WITH BAD PARENTING

Smoking is an act of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of burning plants material.  several plant materials can be smoked e.g marijuana ,hashiah and tobacco.

According to research parenting style and smoking –related perception have successfully predicted teenagers smoking behaviours.

Four parenting styles are distinguished, based on patterns of parent-adolescent decision making: autocratic (parents decide), authoritative (joint process but parents decide), permissive (joint process but adolescent decides), and unengaged (adolescent decides). The sample included 3993 15-year-old White, Hispanic, African-American, and Asian adolescents. Results are generally consistent with previous findings: adolescents with authoritative parents had the best outcomes and those with unengaged parents were least well adjusted, while the permissive and the autocratic styles produced intermediate results.

Exposing a child to smoke as its bad health effect such as cancer ,ear infections ,shortness in breath and many other. asides this research shows that the more the child is exposed to a parent addicted to smoking the more likely the child will take up the habit and become an heavy smoker themselves

According to the book of addictive behaviours ‘Parents with a history of smoking and parents of adolescents who had tried smoking were less efficacious, held weaker antismoking beliefs, and less often reported household smoking rules. Overall, examining parental behaviour across levels of both parent and youth smoking is important. Similarly, parental efficacy, not previously studied in relation to parenting about smoking, may be important to target in future interventions’.

Code book for smoking

VARIABLE NAME:-SMOKE100,SMOKPERDAY,SMOKEVER,SMOKLAST,SMOKPASTYR,SMOKEWHOLCIG,SMOKWHOLAGE,SMOK30DAGE,SMOK30DLAST,SMOKYRAGO,FUTURESMOKE

VARIABLE DESCRIPTION:-

SMOK100:-Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life?

 SMOKPERDAY:-On the average, about how many cigarettes a day do you now smoke? __ RECORD NUMBER OF CIGARETTES

 SMOKEVER:-Have you ever tried cigarette smoking, even one or 2 puffs?

SMOKLAST:-Was the last time you smoked a cigarette, even one or 2 puffs...?

SMOKPASTYR:-Was the last time you smoked a cigarette, even one or 2 puffs...?

SMOKE WHOLE CIG;-Have you ever smoked a whole cigarette?

SMOKWHOLAGE;-How old were you when you smoked a whole cigarette for the 1st time?

SMOK30DAGE;-How old were you when you 1st smoked at least one cigarette every day for 30 days in a row?

 SMOK30DLAST;-Think about the last time you smoked at least one cigarette every day for 30 days in a row. How long ago was the last day of those 30 days? Was it... ?

SMOKYRAGO;-Around this time last year, were you smoking cigarettes every day, some days, or not at all?

FUTURESMOKE;-How likely are you to smoke a cigarette next year?

MAIN SOURCES;-WHO,UCSF,NNTP