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Zine Gif

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Notebook #4 Rough Draft

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Rachel Theo and me

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Notebook #4

@racheltheo A. Summary: The zine is focusing on the object of the rosary as it relates to the catholic faith as well as the immigrants who wear the rosary in their journeys to the United States. It explains the social context of the Catholic immigrants fleeing their countries and the role religion plays in comforting them through the object of the rosary. The rosary is a symbol of protection, guidance, and a connection to God as well as a tool for meditation. B. Compelling Quotes: "The recent surge of immigrants to the United States from Elsvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, have been instigated by drug-fueled conflict, corruption, and institutional breakdown (Morrow). The immigrants usually use the rosary to pray for a safe journey to the United States and their relatives back at home. Most of the refugees are captured at the US-Mexican border and forced to turn back. The immigrants who get past the border are accommodated in Sanctuary cities (Storey)." Maybe use a photo of immigrants holding beads or in prayer and use this as the caption. "The Catholic Church has a central administrative body and a conventional means of worship creating a uniform way of doing things. As a result, Catholics can easily identify themselves regardless of the country of origin, whether they are from Latin, South America or Indonesia. The rosary is typically owned at a personal level. Each day, through prayers accompanied by the rosary, believers can dispel from themselves and several dangers and lots of evils." You could use multiple images of immigrants from around the world in the Catholic Church and use for your religious context. C. The association of beads and ornaments to femininity also explains why women wear the rosary mostly as compared to men. Although men do have the rosary, it is hard to find them wearing but rather they prefer to keep them away from the public. The fact that the rosary is worn together with other ornaments explains the existence of various designs and forms. Its association with religion can create an avenue for religious discrimination in other parts of the world. The discrimination will occur more to women as opposed to men as they expose their rosary more often. The concepts of gender and religion are intertwined in such a scenario as indicated in the intersectional theory. This is a great analysis that you should elaborate further on, maybe even devote a page to the gender aspect of the intersectionality. You could compare images of women and men and how they use or wear the rosaries if possible. D. [photo of rosary] Of the images you used in your zine, you seem to be focusing exclusively on the rosary. This image seems to violate copyright so I would recommend cropping the rosary out of the image and putting it on a different background or even hand drawing a rosary yourself. I would also recommend including photos of the immigrants or churches you reference in your analysis. E. iii. I believe your relational analysis strayed from the subtopics you were focusing on such as immigration, gender, and religion I think you should consider changing your focus to immigration which I believe was one of your most strongest points of analysis. ii. It is a very powerful and relevant topic with today's society and I think it would really resonate with readers who are familiar with the topic firsthand or are curious about it. I would really emphasize the use of the rosary as a token and symbol of protection through their journey which is a beautiful concept that describes the context of the object very well. i. The rosary beads are a very popular transboundary object due to their relevance in the recent surge of immigrants coming into the United States from Latin America from (years in which this has been occurring). According to (source), Catholicism is the most popular religion in Latin America; the Catholic church has 1 billion followers worldwide, and 40% of those followers are Latin Americans. The rosary is a special object that many immigrants bring on their journey from their home lands including Guatemala, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru as they try and make their way into the United States. The movement of immigrants from Latin America to the United States in search for new economic opportunities has facilitated the transnational relevance of the rosary. The movement of immigrants to the United States from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, is a result of the drug-fueled conflict, corruption, and institutional breakdown in these countries (Morrow). Immigrants use the rosary to pray for a safe journey to the United States and the safety of their relatives that remain in their homeland. Although, not all immigrants come in contact with the refuge they seek in their decision to travel to the United States. Most of the refugees are captured at the US-Mexican border and forced to turn back. The immigrants who get past the border are accommodated in Sanctuary cities (Storey) (where they create religious communities/continue their devout practices in thanks for their safety and reaching their destination- you should look up sources for this, but this is just a suggestion for the direction I think this should take).

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2 pages

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Cover page of Zine and first page 

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Notebook #3

For my object, I have changed my focus from a maquiladora in San Marcos, El Salvador to the clothing that was produced in the sweatshop and subsequently shipped to clothing stores in the United States. I couldn’t specify a context for transnational circulation with my original object because, physically, it was stationary in El Salvador. By focusing on the clothing itself I will be able to relate both the labor and mistreatment that was a result of the production of the clothing as well as involving the entities that commissioned the making of the GAP clothes and the powers that enforced the oppression. My relational analysis of GAP clothing exported from a maquiladora in San Marcos, El Salvador to the United States will be focusing on settler colonialism as it relates to indigeneity. The Taiwanese-owned sweatshop was established in El Salvador in the late 20th century. The indigenous Salvadorian people believed that the jobs that the factory would provide would be beneficial to their communities and was an opportunity to have a better life with the income it would provide. This was not the case, however, as the foreign powers that operated the facility frequently abused and exploited the women who worked in the factory by minimizing labor costs and maximizing worker efficiency with low wages and excessive work hours. The American retail store, GAP, another foreign power, facilitated this abuse and exploitation by concealing the crimes against the Salvadorian workers by the Taiwanese factory owners and other administrators. Despite the oppression of the native people, the Salvadorian government did not make an effort to prevent or address the poor working conditions at the sweatshop and instead made a claim that they wanted to expand the San Marcos free trade zone to the entire country of El Salvador. Free trade zones allow companies such as the Mandarin International maquiladora to bypass laws or inspections of their facilities and products that could harm the company’s image or financial business. This would have increased the settler colonialism in El Salvador and would be detrimental to the indigenous population who were competing for work and had no choice but to seek employment at sweatshops in order to make a living. The workers who were underpaid for their work in producing the GAP clothing would make less than 1% of the retail price that GAP sold their shirts for in the United States. This showcases the harmful effects of settler colonialism on an indigenous population when their labor and resources are exploited for capitalist ventures that the native workers would see a minimal return for. 

https://nacla.org/article/gap-and-sweatshop-labor-el-salvador

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Notebook #2

Kerry Kizer

David Sanchez-Aguilera (Mon 3-4)

For my object I will be focusing on the retail clothing that circulated between El Salvador and the United States, or more specifically, from the Taiwanese-owned maquiladora in San Marcos, El Salvador and the American clothing company, GAP. Following the clothing produced by the sweatshops will provide more context to the United States’ involvement in sustaining the harmful operations such as the maquiladora in San Marcos. The national bind of colonialism is present in the Taiwanese owned factory, contracted by GAP and other major retail stores, in the free trade zone of San Marcos. The free trade zone is owned by Mario Guerrero, a former Salvadorian army colonel, and was funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development during the Bush administration. The Salvadorian women, children, and men who were employed by the sweatshop were exploited for their labor in order to produce and export clothing to GAP and other American clothing companies. The intersectionality occurs amongst gender and class due to the overwhelming female majority of the worker population, all of whom were of the lower working class. The administrators at the factory were enabled to pay the women less because they are identified as an inferior sex and subjected many of the women to sexual harassment. In some cases, health professionals assigned to the workers by the factory had provided the women with prescriptions, unbeknownst to them, that would abort pregnancies if they were suspected to be with child. The GAP claims to have codes of conduct for the contracted factory and the treatment of their workers, but despite numerous violations, continued to employ the factory and facilitate the maltreatment of the lower-class working women who are the means by which they could produce their clothing and sell to American citizens remotely, out of sight of the abuse and out of mind. 

https://nacla.org/article/gap-and-sweatshop-labor-el-salvador

http://www.globallabourrights.org/alerts/the-gap-in-el-salvador-update-the-case-of-mandarin-international

http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/dward/classes/compoliss/ElSalvadorlabor.html

http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/03/salvadoran-maquila-plants-use-gang-members-to-break-unions/

http://www.globallabourrights.org/alerts/salvadoran-maquila-workers-producing-for-the-gap-under-attack

http://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/13/opinion/in-america-in-deep-denial.html

http://elsamericacentral.blogspot.com/

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Notebook #2

Kerry Kizer

David Sanchez-Aguilera (Mon 3-4)

For my object I will be focusing on the retail clothing that circulated between El Salvador and the United States, or more specifically, from the Taiwanese-owned maquiladora in San Marcos, El Salvador and the American clothing company, GAP. Following the clothing produced by the sweatshops will provide more context to the United States’ involvement in sustaining the harmful operations such as the maquiladora in San Marcos. The national bind of colonialism is present in the Taiwanese owned factory, contracted by GAP and other major retail stores, in the free trade zone of San Marcos. The free trade zone is owned by Mario Guerrero, a former Salvadorian army colonel, and was funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development during the Bush administration. The Salvadorian women, children, and men who were employed by the sweatshop were exploited for their labor in order to produce and export clothing to GAP and other American clothing companies. The intersectionality occurs amongst gender and class due to the overwhelming female majority of the worker population, all of whom were of the lower working class. The administrators at the factory were enabled to pay the women less because they are identified as an inferior sex and subjected many of the women to sexual harassment. In some cases, health professionals assigned to the workers by the factory had provided the women with prescriptions, unbeknownst to them, that would abort pregnancies if they were suspected to be with child. The GAP claims to have codes of conduct for the contracted factory and the treatment of their workers, but despite numerous violations, continued to employ the factory and facilitate the maltreatment of the lower-class working women who are the means by which they could produce their clothing and sell to American citizens remotely, out of sight of the abuse and out of mind. 

https://nacla.org/article/gap-and-sweatshop-labor-el-salvador

http://www.globallabourrights.org/alerts/the-gap-in-el-salvador-update-the-case-of-mandarin-international

http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/dward/classes/compoliss/ElSalvadorlabor.html

http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/03/salvadoran-maquila-plants-use-gang-members-to-break-unions/

http://www.globallabourrights.org/alerts/salvadoran-maquila-workers-producing-for-the-gap-under-attack

http://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/13/opinion/in-america-in-deep-denial.html

http://elsamericacentral.blogspot.com/

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Keep a little secret … El Salvador

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Un mango con alguashte por favor

Ahuachapán, #ES