Lisa McNamara Semester 2, 2016 and Trimester 1 and 2, 2018
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Drawing 4 Researching Art and Artists Rachel Whiteread Sculpture and Drawing
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Drawing 4
Project 1 Title: Shroud, 2018.
Researching Materials and Methods
Sourcing materials to complete my project for assessment. This brass pendant light will hang in the centre of the bed frame when installed. I have a contact for an electrician to see if he can adapt the fitting to a socket that can be plugged into a wall socket.
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Drawing 4
Drawing 4
Project 1 Title: Shroud, 2018.
Researching Methods and Materials
Fabric Wash and Dying Process Cut lengths of cotton calico have been washed, hung out to dry, then dyed and hung out to dry again. The cotton calico is cut into lengths ready for the printing process.
Fabric Printing Process A kitchen dish sponge is placed in a shallow dish and the ink is added. The sponge holds the ink ready for printing. An egg-ring is used as a stamp for marking a pattern of circles onto the lengths of cotton calico. By dipping the circumference of the egg-ring onto the sponge, then onto the fabric the pattern of circles is printed onto the fabric. The printed lengths of fabric are ready for the cutting out process.
Cutting Out and Assembling Process
Image 1: Image 2: Image 3: Image 4: Image 5: Image 6:
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Drawing 4
Project 1
Title: Shroud, 2018
Researching Notes
Black Dog Institute Research studies for people with grief.
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Drawing 4
Project 1 Title: Shroud, 2018 (Working Title - Mum’s Quilt)
Research Notes
Grief, Loss and Bereavement
GRIEVING THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS
The different feelings, thoughts, and behaviors people express during grief can be categorized into two main styles: instrumental and intuitive. Most people display a blend of these two styles of grieving:
Instrumental grieving has a focus primarily on problem-solving tasks. This style involves controlling or minimizing emotional expression.
Intuitive grieving is based on a heightened emotional experience. This style involves sharing feelings, exploring the lost relationship, and considering mortality.
MODELS OF GRIEF
Grief can vary between individuals. However, there are still global trends in how people cope with loss. Psychologists and researchers have outlined various models of grief. Some of the most familiar models include the five stages of grief, the four tasks of mourning, and the dual process model.
Five Stages of Grief
In 1969, Elisabeth Kubler-Ross identified five linear stages of grief:
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance Kubler-Ross originally developed this model to illustrate the process of bereavement. Yet she eventually adapted the model to account for any type of grief. Kubler-Ross noted that everyone experiences at least two of the five stages of grief. She acknowledged that some people may revisit certain stages over many years or throughout life.
Four Tasks of Mourning
Psychologist J. W. Worden also created a stage-based model for coping with the death of a loved one. He divided the bereavement process into four tasks:
To accept the reality of the loss To work through the pain of grief To adjust to life without the deceased To maintain a connection to the deceased while moving on with life Dual Process Model
As an alternative to the linear stage-based model, Margaret Stroebe and Hank Schut developed a dual process model of bereavement. They identified two processes associated with bereavement:
Loss-oriented activities and stressors are those directly related to the death. These include:
Crying Yearning Experiencing sadness, denial, or anger Dwelling on the circumstances of the death Avoiding restoration activities Restoration-oriented activities and stressors are associated with secondary losses. They may involve lifestyle, routine, and relationships. Restoration-oriented processes include:
Adapting to a new role Managing changes in routine Developing new ways of connecting with family and friends Cultivating a new way of life. Stroebe and Schut suggest most people will move back and forth between loss-oriented and restoration-oriented activities.
THE PROCESS OF RECOVERING FROM GRIEF
Grieving the loss of a loved one be a difficult process, whether the loss is due to death, a breakup, or other circumstance. One of the hardest challenges is adjusting to the new reality of living in the absence of the loved one. Adjusting may require a person to develop a new daily routine or to rethink their plans for the future. While creating a new life, a person may adopt a new sense of identity.
COMPLICATED GRIEF
The experience of grief is not something a person ever recovers from completely. However, time typically tempers its intensity. Yet an estimated 15% of people who have lost a loved one will experience “complicated grief.” This term refers to a persistent form of bereavement, lasting for one year or more.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) does not classify complicated grief as a clinical condition. Yet it does include diagnostic criteria for “persistent complex bereavement disorder” in the section of conditions requiring further study.
BROKEN HEART SYNDROME
When a person experiences a shocking event, their body fills with stress hormones. These hormones can cause part of a person’s heart to briefly swell and stop pumping. The rest of the heart continues beating, causing blood to flow unevenly. A person may feel intense chest pain, similar to a heart attack (but unlike a heart attack, the arteries are not blocked). This temporary malfunction is called “broken heart syndrome.”
As the name suggests, the broken heart syndrome often follows news of loss, such as a divorce or death of a loved one. Yet symptoms can also appear after a good shock, such as winning the lottery. Women are more likely than men to develop the condition.
Most people who experience broken heart syndrome recover within weeks. Deaths from the condition are rare. Since the syndrome is prompted by a shocking event, people have a low risk of experiencing it twice.
DEPRESSION AND GRIEF
The DSM-5 does not define bereavement as a disorder. Yet typical signs of grief, such as social withdrawal, can mimic those of depression.
So how can one tell the difference between grief and depression?
Grief is typically preceded by loss. Depression can develop at any time. The sadness present in grief is typically related to the loss or death. Depression is characterized by a general sense of worthlessness, despair, and lack of joy. Symptoms of grief may improve on their own with time. Someone with depression often needs treatment to recover. Despite their differences, depression and grief are not mutually exclusive. If someone is vulnerable to depression, grief has the potential to trigger a depressive episode. If someone already has depression, their condition may prolong or worsen the grieving process. A therapist can help a person in mourning recognize and manage any depressive symptoms.
BEREAVEMENT AND CULTURE
Attitude toward death Remembrance of the deceased Emotional Displays
DISENFRANCHISED GRIEF
Society devalues the loss The loss is ambiguous Society stigmatizes the circumstances of the loss Society doesn’t recognize the person’s relationship to the deceased Others do not consider the person capable of grief
Social support is often vital to recovery. A community can provide emotional and financial aid when people are vulnerable. Mourning rituals can offer closure. If a person is forced to grieve alone, they may have a delayed recovery.
If you have lost someone or something precious, you may wish to find a therapist. Therapy can help with any sort of loss, whether society validates the grief or not. Therapy is an opportunity to explore your feelings and memories without judgment. No loss is too big or too small to warrant support. You do not have to endure your grief alone.
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Drawing 4 Researching Art and Artists Esoteric meaning. If you describe something as esoteric, you mean it is known, understood, or appreciated by only a small number of people.
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Drawing 4
Researching Methods and Materials
Cotton Industry in Emerald, Queensland.
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Drawing 4
Researching Methods and Materials
Cotton Industry in Australia
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Drawing 4 Researching Art and Artists Mend: Love, Lost & Life Many of the objects in this exhibition are made from hair.
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Drawing 4 Researching Art and Artists Meret Oppenheim Swiss Painter and Sculptor
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Drawing 4 Researching Art and Artists Sally Smart Materials and Practice
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