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Politik Identitas: Ancaman Terhadap Integrasi
Hampir seluruh warga Indonesia yang terpapar media elektronik maupun media sosial, kemungkinan besar akan mampu mengingat jelas bagaimana perasaan yang muncul akibat perseteruan yang terjadi mengenai isu SARA yang selama tahun 2017 ini semakin menguat. Di Indonesia, identitas-identitas primordial, seperti suku, ras, agama, memang masih memainkan peranan penting termasuk dalam dunia politik, terutama dalam soal pemilihan umum. Di dalam wacana kajian budaya, bentuk politik yang menggunakan identitas-identitas kuno, seperti suku, ras, dan agama, merupakan musuh demokrasi. Di dalam masyarakat demokratis, perbedaan suku, ras, dan agama adalah bagian dari keseharian setiap orang sedangkan politik identitas justru akan memecah, dan menciptakan konflik-konflik sosial.
Praktek politik identitas ini terlihat misalnya di dalam Pilkada Jakarta. Selama proses kampanye, muncul aksi solidaritas yang dilakukan oleh kelompok besar yaitu aksi 212 yang sarat dengan tujuan politis. Apabila diungkap melalui ranah sosiologis, aksi 212 yang dilakukan oleh pemeluk agama Islam di depan Monumen Nasional tersebut merupakan tindakan penguatan identitas mayoritas yang akhir-akhir ini merasa telah disingkirkan dari peran pemerintahan. Maka dari itu mereka berusaha melakukan perlawanan dengan cara mengambil suara pendukung terbanyak melalui doktrin agama mayoritas. Praktek ini berbahaya karena pada hakikatnya ini mengganggu proses bernegara masyarakat dan akan memicu konflik multikultural.
Aksi 212 secara besar-besaran di Jakarta ini menimbulkan kekhawatiran di masyarakat luas, terutama kekhawatiran perpecahan sosial dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Dan ternyata terbukti, politik di Jakarta di amplifikasi di luar daerah dengan bentuk yang lebih buruk. Perseteruan SARA kemudian terjadi tepat di garis khatulistiwa Indonesia, yaitu di Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Perkelahian ini terjadi diantara dua kelompok besar daerah tersebut yaitu Suku Dayak dan FPI. Menurut Dosen Filsafat UI Rocky Gerung, politik di Jakarta itu adalah kecelakaan politik. Ini terjadi akibat kegagalan rezim dalam mengantisipasi kemungkinan di masyarakat. Dan kegagalan ini justru dibiarkan tanpa ada pengambilan alih dari pemerintah itu sendiri. Pemerintah tidak memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang soal bagaimana bernegara—tidak ada public address. Akibatnya seluruh pembicaraan diarahkan pada penuh sentimen sehingga diskusi-diskusi mengenai SARA terhenti di ruang publik. Percakapan mengenai kebebasan pikiran menjadi tidak berjalan sehingga kesempatan ini kemudian digunakan oleh para penguasa untuk kepentingan politik di masa yang akan datang.
Selanjutnya apabila dilihat dari konteks sejarah, rakyat Indonesia memang pernah terobsesi untuk menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara Islam. Bentuk ekstrem politik identitas adalah mencuatnya sampai batas-batas tertentu gagasan tentang separatisme. Ini terlihat pada zaman mempertahankan kemerdekaan, banyak pemberontakan yang dilakukan oleh kelompok separatis seperti DI/TII, PKI, Permesta, PRRI, dll. Tetapi kelompok tersebut berhasil ditumpas oleh pemerintah Indonesia rezim Orde Lama. Bahkan saat masa Orde Baru, seluruh macam ideologi yang tidak sesuai dengan Pancasila habis dibasmi oleh pemerintah. Maka dari itu, setelah lepas dari masa otoritarisme dan kini berada ditengah arus globalisasi, masyarakat Indonesia cenderung masih memandang isu SARA menjadi sesuatu yang berdiri di antara tabu dan kewajaran.
Sebenarnya demokrasi di Indonesia saat ini, pada bentuknya yang sehat akan menciptakan kebebasan yang berpijak pada nalar sehat. Namun, pada bentuknya yang ekstrem, demokrasi yang kebablasan bisa menciptakan kebebasan yang tak terbendung. Melahirkan bentuk radikalisme baru, baik dalam bentuk radikalisme agama, ataupun ideologi sehingga integrasi nasional tidak akan tercapai. Politik identitas akan semakin menguat dan masing-masing identitas akan memperebutkan relasi kuasa di ruang-ruang politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Identitas itu sendiri akan menjadi absurd karena dalam ruang tertentu, akan muncul kenikmatan dalam melegitimasikannya.
Sumber:
Ahmad Syafii Maarif. 2012. Politik Identitas dan Masa Depan Pluralisme Kita. Jakarta: Democracy Project.
Seruan-seruan Terkait Politik Praktis Pada Reuni Aksi 212 https://tirto.id/seruan-seruan-terkait-politik-praktis-pada-reuni-aksi-212-cA5c
Perdana Putri. Menikmati Identitas, Mengidentifikasi Kenikmatan. https://indoprogress.com/2015/08/menikmati-identitas-mengidentifikasi-kenikmatan/
Rocky Gerung “Kita Terlalu Norak dengan Fantasi” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WU6xYDtV1o
Reza A A Wattimena. Demokrasi dan Depresi. https://rumahfilsafat.com/2017/12/10/demokrasi-dan-depresi/
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being mentally ill is so tiring even when you’re not doing anything like damn I’m just sitting here and my brain wears me out
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If people sat outside and looked at the stars each night, I bet they’d live a lot differently. When you look into infinity, you realize there are more important things than what people do all day.
Calvin and Hobbes (via psych-facts)
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It’s not that I don’t love you. It’s the sound I heard when I was 9 and my father slammed the front door so hard behind him I swear to god it shook the whole house. For the next 3 years I watched my mother break her teeth on vodka bottles. I think she stopped breathing when he left. I think part of her died. I think he took her heart with him when he walked out. Her chest is empty, just a shattered mess or cracked ribs and depression pills. It’s not that I don’t love you. It’s all the blood in the sink. It’s the night that I spent 12 hours in the emergency room waiting to see if my sister was going to be okay, after the boy she loved, told her he didn’t love her anymore. It’s the crying, and the fluorescent lights, and white sneakers and pale faces and shaky breaths and blood. So much blood. It’s not that I don’t love you. It’s the time that I had to stay up for two days straight with my best friend while she cried and shrieked and threw up on my bedroom floor because her boyfriend fucked his ex. I swear to god she still has tear streaks stained onto her cheeks. I think when you love someone, it never really goes away. It’s not that I don’t love you. It’s the six weeks we had a substitute in English because our teacher was getting divorced and couldn’t handle getting out of bed. When she came back she was smiling. But her hands shook so hard when she held her coffee, you could see that something was broken inside. And sometimes when things break, you can’t fix them. Nothing ever goes back to how it was. I got an A in English that year. I think her head was always spinning too hard to read any essays. It’s not that I don’t love you. It’s that I do.
It’s not that I don’t love you. (via extrasad)
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…I think that we live or die under the tyranny of perfection. Socially, we are pushed towards being perfect. Physically, beautiful to conform to standards that are cruel and uncommon, to behave and lead our lives in a certain way, to demonstrate to the world that we are happy and healthy and all full of sunshine. We are told to always smile and never sweat, by multiple commercials of shampoo or beer. And I feel that the most achievable goal of our lives is to have the freedom that imperfection gives us. And there is no better patron saint of imperfection than a monster. We will try really hard to be angels, but I think that a balanced, sane life is to accept the monstrosity in ourselves and others as part of what being human is. Imperfection, the acceptance of imperfection, leads to tolerance and liberates us from social models that I find horrible and oppressive.
Guillermo del Toro (via acupofkeen)
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As you get older, you really start to understand more about why people drink the night away, smoke their lungs black, or throw themselves off buildings.
(via boys-and-suicide)
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When I’m a parent I’m definitely going to ask my child often “are you okay?” I never want my child to be crying their eyes out when I’m peacefully sleeping under the same roof and I certainly never want them to feel like there’s nobody there for them. Because I always will be
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What would you do if you knew that there was someone awake at 2am, looking at the moon and missing you?
Nikita Gill (via untamedunwanted)
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And that’s why it becomes so easy to fall apart. Every imperfection, every mistake, it all files under a folder named ‘reasons they didn’t love you the same’.
When I talk about love I talk about heartbreak (via veincold)
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You said that you feel nothing; Then why does that nothing Break your heart?
trying to understand my thoughts (via lazy-bae)
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we live in a pedophilic culture
we live in a pedophilic culture where young children are sexually abused, the most popular genre of porn is ‘teen’ where the girls are infantalized with schoolgirl uniforms and pigtails, dd/lg kink is normalized, men at any age want an 18 year old girlfriend, women have to have all their pubic hair shaved, women have to look as ‘natural and innocent’ as possible, women can’t talk back to men without abuse or humiliation (aka discipline), controlling male partners are way too popular (like fathers), and much more and i just don’t know how to deal with it any more
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Any writer…finds that the things which hurt him and the things which helped him cannot be divorced from each other; he could be helped in a certain way only because he was hurt in a certain way…
James Baldwin, Collected Essays (via poetsandwriters)
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Did you get enough love My little dove Why do you cry And I’m sorry I left But it was for the best Though it never felt right
Sufjan Stevens (via langleav)
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