libelelle

[libelelle]

hi libelelle! since ur the bird expert, is there a reason why despite being closely related to reptiles most dinosaurs (including birds) are endothermic (warm-blooded) while most reptiles are ectothermic (cold-blooded)? ik dinosaurs being endothermic mostly came from their sheer body mass requiring it (and also why they had feathers), but how did it become so split from reptiles which have primarily remained ectothermic for millions of years?

WOWW this is a really good question and im flattered you'd cme to me to ask it : ] im not technically an expert (YET.) but i can give you an answer!! or at least some interesting info on the topic

first, dinosaurs weren't ALL endothermic, as you know. there is evidence that suggests that many of them were mesothermic (as in, capable of regulating their temperature but not consistently and only to a certain extent) [x] In fact a early birds are believed to have had low metabolic rates as well, being a sort of transistional state between thermal types which allowed the subsequent evolution of flight [x].

the reason for WHY birds are endothermic is debated. Its pretty costly as a strategy, because it relies on burning precious energy to keep the organism heated. As with much of science, there are multiple theories floating around regarding the purpose of endothermy as an adaptation. From what i have gathered from my admittedly hurried and ultimately limited research there are a couple theories that stand out in the debate: one that claims endothermy evolved to expand the organisms thermal niche (basically the temperature range that an organism can tolerate/exists in. apparently not a well defined term [x] if you want to read about that.) and the other claims that it was evolved for increased aerobic capacity (which is basically maximum efficient oxygen usage; this can be a measure of an organism ability to maintian strenuous activity (like. yknow. flying)

A study done on endothermic fish [x] used the repeated evolution of endothermy in Tuna ans their migration into colder waters as evidence for the former, that endothermy evolved as a way to expand an organisms thermal niche. If you ask me, in terms of birds, if we're using this model then likely endothermy evolved in dinosaur ancestors in order to expand from warmer regions into colder region. Dinosaurs existed over a very long period of time, evolving something like 230 mya, and during the time they were alive there was a lot of things happening climate wise (pangaea splitting for example) so theres no doubt that there would have been opportunities for organisms to expand their niche into these new conditions. This is just me spitballing though, im no expert.

On the other side of the coin, one study compared 176 species to study the evolution of metabolic rates[x], which came up with some evidence supporting the aerobic model. Admittedly a lot of this went over my head (i am still learning) but essentially this study provided evidence to the mechanism of the evolution of endothermy under this model. definitely saving this article so that i cant read it thouroughly when i don't have school lighting a fire under my ass. This study aside, in the context of birds, having a high metabolism/aerobic capacity is major for birds, because flying is a very energy intensive skill. Flying requires that they both use oxygen extremely efficiently (look up the respiration system of birds some time. theyre olympic gold medalists in breathing) and that they can use energy efficiently as well. The aerobic model explains the evolution of endothermy in the context of being able to maintain such intense activity so often. The study that proposed this WOULD be really interesting to read but i'm having troubles getting to it thanks to paywalls. growl. heres the link anyways, if you want to look at it [x]. Also a short review that talks about it [x].

ALSO an interesting theory I saw suggests that the advantage of endothermy arose as an adaptation for caring for ones offspring [x], something that being active and warm gives enormous benefits to. Basically, because endothermy allows a bird to control the incubation temps of their eggs and allows for an organism to be more active, endothermy guarentees higher sucess hatching and feeding their chicks. and since reproductive sucess is one of if not the most important thing when it comes to evolution, endothermy evolves in order to facilitate this.

anywasy thats about as much time i can spend on this. theyre making me research wild mustard (BORING BORING BORING) right now

LITERATURE CITED (im practicing....):

Grady JM, Enquist BJ, Dettweiler-Robinson E, Wright NA, Smith FA. 2014. Evidence for mesothermy in dinosaurs. Science. 344(6189): 1268-1272. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1253143

Erickson GM, et al. 2009. Was Dinosaurian Physiology Inherited by Birds? Reconciling Slow Growth in Archaeopteryx. PLOS one. 4(10): e7390. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007390

Gvoždík L. 2018. Just what is the thermal niche? Oikos. 127(12): 1701-1710. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.05563

Block BA, Finnerty JR, Stewart AFR, Kidd J. 1993. Evolution of Endothermy in Fish: Mapping Physiological Traits on a Molecular Phylogeny. Science. 260(5105): 210-214. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8469974

Nespolo RF, Solano-Iguaran JJ, Bozinovic F, Williams TD, Bronstein JL. 2017. Phylogenetic Analysis Supports the Aerobic-Capacity Model for the Evolution of Endothermy. Am Nat. 189(1): 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1086/689598

Bennett AF, Reuben JA. 1979. Endothermy and Activity in Vertebrates. Nature. 206(4419): 649-654. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.493968

Hedrick MS, Hillman SS. 2016. What drove the evolution of endothermy? J Exp Bio. 219 (3): 300–301. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.128009

Farmer CG, Garland Jr T, Joseph Travis. 2000. Parental Care: The Key to Understanding Endothermy and Other Convergent Features in Birds and Mammals. Am Nat. 155(3): 326-334. https://doi.org/10.1086/303323

[libelelle]

"mildly nsfw" ok....

[libelelle]

TEN THOUSAND BEES ATTACK 🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝 🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝 GO STUDY!!!!

FFFFUCK FUCK YOU GOT ME. OW OW! IM GOING. OUCHIE. IM GOING TO GO STUDY

[libelelle]

THE RASPBERRY REC ROOM

[libelelle]

maybe if i imagine the character all my problems will be solved

[libelelle]

OKAYYYYY okay i will study now. if you see me posting then i command you to send 10000 bees

[libelelle]

indeed.com/jobs/living-weapon

[libelelle]

sonic is literally a nice cool guy

[libelelle]

should i subscribe to science

[libelelle]

scientists: oh hey we found a new species of deep sea feather star, neat :)

the news: TERRIFYING and ALIEN creature with ONE THOUSAND ARMS discovered LURKING in the DEEP ABYSS of the sea

the public: omg im never swimming in the ocean again!!!

the animal:

[libelelle]

finding beautiful shit in my old files

[libelelle]

someone pointed out how a majority of detransitioners that are transphobic grifters happen to be past trans men who are white. and because of this they are targeted by these predatory terfs "to save white women from the evil left and to have more white babies"

it's all white supremacy/fascism.

[libelelle]

Little dinosaur fast speed running very quickly rapid dashing

[libelelle]

when i was younger i found it almost impossible to say swear words, it felt like committing the most heinous of sins

[libelelle]

[Video description: a video showing the rubble of apartment buildings damaged or completely destroyed by bombing. End description]

This video was recorded by my dear friend, Hashem @hashembadr. He and his family are in northern Ghazzah, living in a home that has been bombed. Hashem's family consists of 26 people, including several children. Affording necessities like food, medicine, and clothing for all of them is very difficult, especially since Israel has cut off aid coming in to Ghazzah.

[Image Description: a collage of three images. The first two images are dated from December 20th, 2023. The first image shows Suham, a young girl with an injured arm, her head and arm covered in blood. The second image is an x-ray showing her broken bone. The third image is dated from March 10th, 2025. It shows Suham standing and holding her arm towards the camera. Her arm has a large scar on it. End description.]

On top of the family's basic survival needs, one of Hashem's nieces, Suham, needs surgery for her injured arm. Her arm was broken near the beginning of the war, and the bone healed incorrectly due to the lack of medical treatment. She needs surgery for her bone to be fixed, but it is very expensive.

Thanks to people's generous donations, Suham was able to recieve some doctors appointments and treatment. However, some of the donations has to be diverted to keeping the entire family alive. Hashem's family still needs £950 more to afford the surgery necessary for Suham's healing.

Hashem and his family need your support. They have survived a genocide, and they deserve help as they recover from all they have lost and endured. Suham needs surgery, and all the family needs food, clothing, and safety. Hashem needs this campaign to raise not just the £950 for Suham's surgery, but also more funds to make sure his entire family's needs are met.

Hashem is an incredibly hardworking and caring man, and he has been working so very hard to care for his family. Please, lend him your support as well so his family can get what they need. Share and donate! Your donations can help them heal and thrive.

Vetted #102 by @/gazavetters

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@celadonwanderer @aces-and-angels @magnus-rhymes-with-swagness @malcriada @guldaastan

@fullmusicbardsquared @cheonmaneechan @sundung @ihavenopeopleskills @thevvickerman

@angelsarecomputers @babybutchianthe @mailmiocuoredipietratremaancora @wetthandss @patriciavetinari

@hinenihineni @shygirlsrule @snailsinmybrain @mothprincess @ramshackledtrickster

[libelelle]

POKEMON JUMPSCARE. was talking to some friends about my trainer sona and their pokemon.... so i revamped them : )

he is a "bird specialist". other trainers will tell you that isnt a real thing but they will tell you it is. they collect bird pokemon from across the world and researches them on her journey. her team rotates but he'll always have his companions valentine the shiny pidove and rolo the lucario by their side!

[libelelle]

Everyone this is required reading

hi libelelle! since ur the bird expert, is there a reason why despite being closely related to reptiles most dinosaurs (including birds) are endothermic (warm-blooded) while most reptiles are ectothermic (cold-blooded)? ik dinosaurs being endothermic mostly came from their sheer body mass requiring it (and also why they had feathers), but how did it become so split from reptiles which have primarily remained ectothermic for millions of years?

WOWW this is a really good question and im flattered you'd cme to me to ask it : ] im not technically an expert (YET.) but i can give you an answer!! or at least some interesting info on the topic

first, dinosaurs weren't ALL endothermic, as you know. there is evidence that suggests that many of them were mesothermic (as in, capable of regulating their temperature but not consistently and only to a certain extent) [x] In fact a early birds are believed to have had low metabolic rates as well, being a sort of transistional state between thermal types which allowed the subsequent evolution of flight [x].

the reason for WHY birds are endothermic is debated. Its pretty costly as a strategy, because it relies on burning precious energy to keep the organism heated. As with much of science, there are multiple theories floating around regarding the purpose of endothermy as an adaptation. From what i have gathered from my admittedly hurried and ultimately limited research there are a couple theories that stand out in the debate: one that claims endothermy evolved to expand the organisms thermal niche (basically the temperature range that an organism can tolerate/exists in. apparently not a well defined term [x] if you want to read about that.) and the other claims that it was evolved for increased aerobic capacity (which is basically maximum efficient oxygen usage; this can be a measure of an organism ability to maintian strenuous activity (like. yknow. flying)

A study done on endothermic fish [x] used the repeated evolution of endothermy in Tuna ans their migration into colder waters as evidence for the former, that endothermy evolved as a way to expand an organisms thermal niche. If you ask me, in terms of birds, if we're using this model then likely endothermy evolved in dinosaur ancestors in order to expand from warmer regions into colder region. Dinosaurs existed over a very long period of time, evolving something like 230 mya, and during the time they were alive there was a lot of things happening climate wise (pangaea splitting for example) so theres no doubt that there would have been opportunities for organisms to expand their niche into these new conditions. This is just me spitballing though, im no expert.

On the other side of the coin, one study compared 176 species to study the evolution of metabolic rates[x], which came up with some evidence supporting the aerobic model. Admittedly a lot of this went over my head (i am still learning) but essentially this study provided evidence to the mechanism of the evolution of endothermy under this model. definitely saving this article so that i cant read it thouroughly when i don't have school lighting a fire under my ass. This study aside, in the context of birds, having a high metabolism/aerobic capacity is major for birds, because flying is a very energy intensive skill. Flying requires that they both use oxygen extremely efficiently (look up the respiration system of birds some time. theyre olympic gold medalists in breathing) and that they can use energy efficiently as well. The aerobic model explains the evolution of endothermy in the context of being able to maintain such intense activity so often. The study that proposed this WOULD be really interesting to read but i'm having troubles getting to it thanks to paywalls. growl. heres the link anyways, if you want to look at it [x]. Also a short review that talks about it [x].

ALSO an interesting theory I saw suggests that the advantage of endothermy arose as an adaptation for caring for ones offspring [x], something that being active and warm gives enormous benefits to. Basically, because endothermy allows a bird to control the incubation temps of their eggs and allows for an organism to be more active, endothermy guarentees higher sucess hatching and feeding their chicks. and since reproductive sucess is one of if not the most important thing when it comes to evolution, endothermy evolves in order to facilitate this.

anywasy thats about as much time i can spend on this. theyre making me research wild mustard (BORING BORING BORING) right now

LITERATURE CITED (im practicing....):

Grady JM, Enquist BJ, Dettweiler-Robinson E, Wright NA, Smith FA. 2014. Evidence for mesothermy in dinosaurs. Science. 344(6189): 1268-1272. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1253143

Erickson GM, et al. 2009. Was Dinosaurian Physiology Inherited by Birds? Reconciling Slow Growth in Archaeopteryx. PLOS one. 4(10): e7390. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007390

Gvoždík L. 2018. Just what is the thermal niche? Oikos. 127(12): 1701-1710. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.05563

Block BA, Finnerty JR, Stewart AFR, Kidd J. 1993. Evolution of Endothermy in Fish: Mapping Physiological Traits on a Molecular Phylogeny. Science. 260(5105): 210-214. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8469974

Nespolo RF, Solano-Iguaran JJ, Bozinovic F, Williams TD, Bronstein JL. 2017. Phylogenetic Analysis Supports the Aerobic-Capacity Model for the Evolution of Endothermy. Am Nat. 189(1): 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1086/689598

Bennett AF, Reuben JA. 1979. Endothermy and Activity in Vertebrates. Nature. 206(4419): 649-654. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.493968

Hedrick MS, Hillman SS. 2016. What drove the evolution of endothermy? J Exp Bio. 219 (3): 300–301. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.128009

Farmer CG, Garland Jr T, Joseph Travis. 2000. Parental Care: The Key to Understanding Endothermy and Other Convergent Features in Birds and Mammals. Am Nat. 155(3): 326-334. https://doi.org/10.1086/303323