lesterbucmcqueen

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Genetically modified crops pass advantages to the weeds

The wild plants may possess the advantage of resistance to herbicides. Credit Xiao Yang One of the most common methods that makes crops resistant to herbicides was found to be superior over weedy forms of rice. This suggests that these changes could affect the environment beyond farm. ラウンドアップ ラウンドアップ ラウンドアップ A range of crop varieties have been modified genetically so that they are resistant to Roundup herbicide glyphosate. This resistance allows farmers to eradicate weeds from their fields without causing harm to their crops. Glyphosate blocks the enzyme EPSP synthase, which is responsible for the creation of specific amino acids as well as other molecules. ラウンドアップ It also can hinder the growth of plants. The technique of genetic modification is employed, for example, in Roundup Ready plants made by Monsanto Biotechnology Inc., a biotech firm that is headquartered in St Louis, Missouri. It involves inserting genes into the genome of the crop to increase EPSP synthase-synthase-production. ラウンドアップ Genes usually come from bacteria that infects plants. This additional EPSP synthase allows plants to resist the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs have also tried to utilize genes from plants rather than bacteria to boost EPSP-synthase production and, in turn, to take advantage of an inconsistency in US law that permits approval by regulators of organisms that have transgenes that aren't made from bacterial pests. There aren't many studies that have looked into the possibility that transgenes similar to those which confer glyphosate resistance can make plants more competitive for reproduction and even survival after they're introduced to wild or weedy cousins by cross-pollination. Norman Ellstrand, a University of California plant geneticist says that without selection pressure, any type of transgene could be expected to cause disadvantages in wild plants. The added machinery will lower fitness. Lu Baorong is an Ecologist at Fudan University Shanghai. His study shows that glyphosate resistance is a major fitness benefit even when it isn't applied. Their study was published in 1. Lu and his coworkers genetically modified cultivated rice to boost its EPSP synthase activity and crossed it with a weedy relative. The group then permitted the offspring of cross-breeding to be bred with each other to produce second-generation hybrids. They were genetically identical with the exception of the number and count of EPSP synthase gene. As one would expect, the more copies produced higher levels of enzyme and more tryptophan than their unmodified counterparts. Researchers also discovered that transgenics have higher rates, had more flowers and 48-125% more seeds/plant than nontransgenics. Making weedy rice more competitive may increase the issues it creates for farmers across the globe where plots are ravaged by pests, Lu says. ラウンドアップ 風 Brian Ford-Lloyd of Brian Ford-Lloyd from the University of Birmingham, UK Brian Ford-Lloyd, a researcher at the University of Birmingham in the "If the EPSP synthase gene is introduced to wild rice species, their genetic variety that was so important to conserve, may be endangered because it will beat out the conventional varieties." "This is an instance of the most probable and damaging negative effects of GM crops on the environment." The public belief that genetically-modified crops with additional copies their genes are safe is disproved by this research. Lu states that "our study does not prove that this is true." ラウンドアップ ラウンドアップ 除草剤 According to some scientists, the finding suggests that the future regulation of genetically engineered plants should be reconsidered. Ellstrand believes that biosafety regulations could be relaxed as we can benefit from a high degree of comfort from two decades worth of genetic engineering. This study isn't proof that new products are safe.

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Genetically modified crops can provide advantages over the weeds

Wild plants could be given resistance to herbicides. Credit goes to Xiao Yang The most common method for genetic modification of crops that make them herbicide-resistant has been found to give advantages to weedy varieties rice, even when herbicide isn't in use. This suggests that this genetic modifications could also have the potential to impact wild animals. Many crops are genetically modified so that they can ward off the glyphosate. This herbicide was first offered under the trade name Roundup. Farmers are able to eliminate the weeds that grow in their fields with glyphosate, without harming their crops by having this resistance. Glyphosate inhibits plant growth through blocking an enzyme, known as EPSP synthase. This enzyme is responsible for the production of certain amino acids and other molecules that comprise as much as 35% of the plant's mass. The technique of genetic modification, which is used by Monsanto's Roundup Ready crops, which are located in St Louis (Missouri), generally involves inserting genes into a crop's DNA to increase EPSP synthase production. The genes are usually derived from bacteria that cause disease in plants. The addition of EPSP synase makes it possible for the plant to resist the harmful effects of glyphosate. https://www.e-welcia.com/products/detail.php?product_id=138130 ラウンドアップ 英語 Biotechnology labs also have tried to use genes from plants rather than bacteria to boost the production of EPSP synthase, in part to exploit an inconsistency in US law that permits regulatory approval of organisms carrying transgenes that aren't made from bacterial pests. Few studies have investigated whether transgenes such glyphosate-resistant genes can -- once introduced to wild or weedy plants by cross-pollination -- enhance the competition of plants in reproduction, survival and growth. "The conventional belief is that any sort of transgene can cause disadvantages in the wild, in the absence of selection pressure, due to the fact that any additional machinery will lower the fitness," says Norman Ellstrand an expert in plant genetics at the University of California in Riverside. Lu Baorong, an ecologist from Fudan University in Shanghai has rewritten that view. He found that glyphosate resistance gives an impressive fitness boost to the weedy variant of the standard rice crop Oryza Sativa. Lu and colleagues modified cultivars of rice to increase the production of EPSP synthase. https://www.matsukiyo.co.jp/store/online/p/4957919634979 The modified rice was crossed with a wild-type relative. ラウンドアップ The team then allowed the offspring of cross-breeding to cross-breed with one other to create second generation hybrids. They were genetically identical with the exception of the amount of EPSP synthase genes they carried. The ones who had more copies expressed higher levels of the enzyme, and produced more amino acid tryptophan than their unmodified counterparts. https://www.roundupjp.com/ Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids produced 48 to 125 percent more seeds per plant. They also had greater rates of photosynthesis and more shoots than the non-transgenic varieties. Lu claims that making weedy crops more competitive can create more difficulties to farmers all over the world whose crops are infected by the pest. "If the EPSP-synthase gene is introduced into the wild rice plant, their genetic diversity, which is really important to conserve may be at risk as the genotype with the transgene will outcompete the normal species," Brian Ford-Lloyd who is a plant geneticist at the University of Birmingham, UK. ラウンドアップ "This is among the clearest examples of extremely plausible damaging consequences [of GM crops on the environment." This study challenges belief that crops modified genetically that carry extra copies of their own genes are safer than the ones that have the genes of microorganisms. Lu claims that the research "shows that this is not always true". The findings call for a rethinking of future regulation of the genetically altered crops, researchers suggest. Ellstrand states "Some people believe that the biosafety regulations should be eased." Ellstrand addsthat "But the research indicates that innovative products require careful evaluation."