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Music Composition Techniques
Music Blog
Phrase
A phrase is a line of music usually 2 to 4 bars long sometimes can be a question and answer.
You can hear Phrases in all kinds of music from pop to rock!
A phrase is a substantial musical thought which ends with a cadence, for example a 5-1 cadence.
A perfect example of a phrase is the opening line to “A change is gonna come” - Sam cooke which you can find here : https://youtu.be/wEBlaMOmKV4?t=19
Sequence
A sequence is a repeating pattern of notes in either pitch or rhythm which ascends or descends
It is one of the most common and simple methods of elaborating a melody.
Motifs
A motif is the shortest type of recurring musical line , which adds character and stands out. Motifs are really common and found in almost every piece of music.
Scales
A scale is a structure of notes which ascends or descends in pitch.
For example D,E,F,G,A,B,C,D This is the scale of D major.
Modes
A mode is also similar to a scale, each mode has a corresponding note for example aoleons corresponding note is A.
An example of a mode can be found here : https://youtu.be/IHoOvxnghuk
This means on a keyboard you can play from a octave of A to A on all white notes.
Riffs
A riff is a repeated chord progression, melody or pattern used in modern music. A riff is the bass of a musical composition.
One of the most famous riffs in rock music can be found in the following song :
https://youtu.be/zUwEIt9ez7M
Ostinati
An ostinati is the exact same as a riff except this is the term when used in classic music.
Here is an example of how it would sound.
https://youtu.be/bYAf3GoGbEc
Counterpoint
Counter point is when you have to different melodies playing in harmony. This is actually quite difficult to get the hang of!Which can be seen in a lot of Mozart's work which i will link and example below :
https://youtu.be/YTxYykhQZbI?t=97
Augmentation
Augmentation is when you double the lengths of the notes sound in a piece of music. This can be seen in all types of music and you can even try at home as it's not too hard to learn.
Diminution
Diminution is when you half to note lengths in a piece of music. This is also one of the easier ones to try and you can hear this in a lot of music too.
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Jazz Music
Genre: Jazz
Title: “Love is a losing game”
Artist: Amy winehouse
Mood: the mood of this song is dreamy and sweet but also hopeless and sad.
Texture: this song is homophonic. There is a main vocal sang softly by Amy accompanied by instruments.
Dynamics:The dynamics of this song stay the same throughout. Amy sings moderato and the instruments are also played moderato and very smooth and softly. There is no major dynamics in this song.
Articulation : This song is Legato as its a very smoothly played and sung song.
Instrumentation: vocals/piano/guitar/bass.
Melody: The melody of this song is very slow and flowy. It stays very soft and sweet instrumentally and the main melody is sang by Amy slowly.
Time signature:4/4
Tempo: The tempo of this song is Andante as it is a slowly played song with not a whole lot of lyrics.
Tonality: This song is Minor and in the key of Cm.
Structure: This song structure in very unique as there is five verses but the last line on each are the hook “ love is a losing….” so there isn't exactly a chorus or bridge. This song structure works very well with the song even tho its not the usual kind.
Overview: “Love is a losing game” by Amy Winehouse is a soul song from the album Back to Black recorded in 2006 and released in 2007. This song is written by Amy herself and Produced by Mark Ronstan.The song won the award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically at the 2008 Ivor Novello Awards.
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Experimental music
Genre: Experimental music
Title: Hyperballad
Composer/Artist:Bjork
Mood:The mood of this song is really depressing and sad.
Texture:the texture of this song would be homophonic as it is only voice and instrumental.
Dynamics:The dynamics within this song start at slow tempo and then as the song progresses it speeds up and ends at a high and stronger tempo.
Instrumentation: Throughout this song there is a bass which grows stronger towards the end. The vocal fills the song and Bjork has a lot of power and emotion in her voice especially in the chorus & you can hear different synth noises adn sounds throughout.
Melody: The vocal melody of this song is actually really soft and sweet but gets stronger near the end. The melody all over blends so it would be legato.
Time Signature: 4/4
Tempo: 136 bpm
Tonality:Gm
Structure:
Verse
Double chorus
Verse.
This structure is really unusual as its form is different and both verses are very long, but the chorus is short.
Overview of Style: This single by Bjork released in 1996 is about a dream she had where she wakes up before her partners and goes to a clif to throw small objects of, where she imagines they are her bod hitting the rocks which makes her feel safe returning home. This song was no.1 in US Dance Club Songs (billboard). Many music critics consider tis so be her best single of her career.
Notation:
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Experssioist Blog
Genre:expressionism
Title: Peripetie
Composer: Arnold Schoenberg
Mood: Intense and scary.
Texture: texture varies from polyphonic to homophonic
Dynamics: The character of this song is the extreme cressendos. There is a lot of jumping from pp to ff.
Instrumentation:Flutes and a piccolo, oboes and cor anglais, clarinet and a bass clarinet, bassoons and a contrabassoon) horns, trumpets, trombones and a tuba .Unusual timbres created e.g. using a violin bow on a cymbal.
Melody: A tonal.
Tempo:Irregular tempo which changes in each section.
Overview of style:
Notation:
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Blues Blog
Genre:Blues.
Title: I Can't Quit You Baby.
Artist: Otis Rush.
Mood:The mood in this song is a longing for love mood.
Texture:Homophonic. Vocal and instrumentation.
Dynamics: Rush opens this song with a strong high note then continues with a moderate tempo.
Instrumentation:Lead guitar , vocal ,harmonica, sax, piano, second guitar, bass, and drums.
Melody: Legato. The melody is slow and swa no each part nicely.
Time Signature: 12/8.
Tempo:86 bpm.
Tonality: A Major.
Structure: Common structure in blues songs.
Verse
Verse
Verse
Verse
Overview of style: Blues music is from the late 19th century. This song was written by Willie Dixon and recorded by Chicago blues artist Otis Rush in 1956. Led Zeppelin also did a cover of this song in 1969.
Notation:
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Rap Blog
Genre: Hip Hop
Title: “Can I kick it?”
Composer/Artist: A Tribe Called Quest
Mood: There is a upbeat cool funky mood to this song.
Texture: This song is homophonic. There is a rapping vocal accompanied the drum beat and in between each verse he drum beat is accompanied by a small piece of guitar being played.
Dynamics: Like most early Hip Hop songs this song has a soft instrumental followed by a beat which in this song is a drum beat. This song doesn't go up or down it stays on the same flow throughout the song and his voice never gets quieter or louder. Its very relaxed.
Instrumentation: guitar/drums/vocal
Melody: The melody of this song is jumpy and upbeat it stays moderate speed throughout and is really relaxed and casual.
Time Signature:4/4
Tempo: The guitar piece in this song is played andante between verse. The vocal and drums are at allegretto from start to finish.
Tonality: Am & 100 bpm
Structure: The structure of this song is known but not very popular, where it opens on the hook, but as this song was a hit it works. This song start with the hook, verse,hook, and verse.
Overview of style: This hip hop song was recorded in 1989 when the band members were only 19 and released in 1990. This song would be a Hip Hop classic there has been many covers and remixes of the song since it has been released. The band consists of 4 members from Queens New York.
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Song from musical blog
Genre: songs from the musicals
Title: Popular
Artist: Kristin Chenoweth
Mood: Hopeful. This is where glinda sings to Elpha about giving her a makeover and making her popular.
Texture:Homophonic.
Dynamics:This song starts at a moderate pace and sang sweetly. There's a change in the bridge where she sings a bit louder.Then in the end she slows down and then the tempo speeds up again and the vocals finish on a high note.
Instrumentation: There is a whole orchestra playing during this song those instruments involve:
Violin
Viola
Cellor
Harp
Lead Trumpet
Trumpet
Trombones
Flute
Oboe
Clarinet/Soprano Sax
Bassoon/Baritone Sax/Clarinets
French Horns
Drums
Bass
Piano/Synthesizer
Keyboards
Guitars
Percussion
Melody: The melody of this song would be Legato.
Time Signature: 4/4
Tempo: 96 bpm
Tonality: A minor
Structure:
Verse
Chorus
Verse
Bridge
Verse
Verse
Overview of Style: This song is from the Award Winning Broadway Musical Wicked.It is about a popular girl trying to help her unpopular roommate become more popular.
Notation:
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Impressionist music
Genre: Impressionist
Title: CLAIR DE LUNE
Composer:Claude Debussy
Mood: there is a really relaxing sweet lullaby feel to this piece of music.
Texture:Monophonic as there is only one main melody line.
Dynamics: This song starts slow and soft then builds into a more detailed and fast tempo near the bridge it slows down and becomes softer for a minute before slightly sped up ending the song with trill like pianos parts.
Instrumentation:Flute and piano.
Melody:Legato. Beautifully blends really well.
Time Signature: 9/8
Tempo: 54 bpm
Tonality: D flat Major.
Structure: there is no structure to impressionist music.
Overview of Style: Impressionist music is a free flowing form of art for conveying emotion witin music. It was popular among musicians in the 19th & 20th century When Debussy was asked how he put this piece together he responded with “My Pleasure”. I think that is a beautiful way to put it as it's such a lovely piece.
Notation:
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Rock N Roll
Genre: Rock N Roll
Title: Bohemian Rhapsody.
Artist: Queen
Mood:The mood in this song is sad but powerful.
Texture: Homophonic & Polyphonic.
Dynamics:Many changes of dynamics throughout showing a Classical influence, sometimes changing a little bit and sometimes very quickly, as in the operatic section.
Instrumentation: Voice
Bass
Guitar
Drums
Piano
Melody: Sequenced modulation. This melody changes alo of the time.
Time Signature: Mostly 4/4 sometimes changs to 2/4 then in rock section 12/8.
Tempo: 153 bpm
Tonality:Bb
Structure:Intro
Verse 1
Verse 2
Guitar solo
Verse 3
Verse 4
Guitar solo
Outro.
Overview:The single was released on 31/10/1975 from the album, A Night at the Opera, which was released on 21/11/1975. The single spent 50 weeks in the U.K. charts and 56 in the U.S. reaching No. 1. It took 3 weeks to record-7 days just on vocal overdubs, but it was pre-composed by Freddie with harmonies written out etc. Before it was taken to the recording studio..
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Pop music blog
Genre: pop
Title:”Needed me”
Composer/Artist: Rihanna
Mood: The mood of this song would be empowerment.
Texture: Homophonic. With raw lyrics set over top of dark fluttery synth sounds.
Dynamics: The dynamics in this song are throughout very strong and powerful. She sings confidently in verses then becomes more powerful in the chorus and softens up her vocals near the end.
Instrumentation/use of Technology: There is use of autotune & synth in this song.
Melody: Staccato. This song is very has a throbbing beat and distorted vocals.
Time Signature:4/4
Tempo: 111 bpm.
Tonality: G minor.
Structure: AB. verse followed by chorus followed by verse by chorus & outro.
Overview of Style: This song is a electro R&B styled song. Excellently produced by Dj mustard. It is evident he has put a lot of thought and creativity into it. This is a very empowering song for women and Rihanna's fans. There was ten writers involved in writing this track and Rihanna's vocals are pitch perfect. This song is a single from the album Anti which is Rihanna's latest and most successful song.
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Soul Music
Genre: Soul
Title: “Were still friends”
Artist: Donny hathaway
Mood: The mood of this song is chilled out but lyrically sad.
Texture:This song is Homophonic as it is a voice and accompaniment and at the beginning of this song it's quite smooth and slow with a soft vocal. In the chorus of the song it picks up a little bit but still very smooth and chilled out. At around 3 minutes into the song there is a very smooth yet intense guitar solo and then vocals pick up for intro to chorus but back into a soft vocal.
Dynamics: the beginning of this song is quite soft and quiet. Throughout this song both instruments and vocals are soft until the end where is slowly starts to progress louder and louder but still not very loud as is a softly played song. It's not until the very end that the instruments are being played a lot powerfully.
Articulation :the articulation in this song is legato as all notes are played smoothly together.
Use of technology: As this song is old there is no evidence of technology. This is also a song from his live album so there would not be much technology used besides a recorder.
Instrumentation: piano/bass/electric guitar /vocals/drums.
Melody: This song moves very smooth and beautifully, it almost melts together verse by verse by chorus ect.
Time signature: 4/4
Tempo:The allegro piano into is the only time there is a fast bit of instrumentation as after that the drums,bass and vocal are andante throughout the song until the chorus where it becomes andantino but then back to andante.
Tonality: This song is Minor. In the key of Gm.
Structure: the structure of this song isn't like every other song it is a little different and very little lyrics as its sang slowly. There is a speaking intro, a small verse followed by the two line chorus another small verse then a double chorus and followed by a outro.
Overview: This song is composed by Donny Hathaway and Glenn Watts. It is from one out of three Hathaways live album and this song came from called “Live”. It is from the early 1970s recorded in around August and released in 1972. This album received a gold U.S certification.
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