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Othello Act 3 Scene 4

Handkerchief. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 June 2017. <http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/21100/21104/handkerchief_21104_md.gif>.

MEDIA:

I chose this picture of a handkerchief as my media component to emphasize the importance of this symbol in the play. In the play, the handkerchief is symbolic of Othello’s love. Once Desdemona lost the handkerchief, their relationship began to fall apart and Othello started doubting Desdemona’s faithfulness in their marriage.

SUMMARY:

In the beginning of Act 3 Scene 4, Desdemona commands a clown to report to Cassio that she has spoken with Othello about his reinstatement. After she begins to express her concern about her misplaced handkerchief to Emilia. Even though she is worried about its whereabouts, she is convinced that because Othello is noble, he will not be mad. Othello then enters her room and asks to speak to her. He makes a rude comment about her hands being moist which suggests that Desdemona is sexually aroused. After, he requests to see her handkerchief which she is unable to present. Othello then brings up the history of the handkerchief. He says that it was given to his mother by an Egyptian sorceress that would ensure that her husband remains faithful and completely in love with her. If she lost it, it would led to consequences in their relationship. Othello was given this handkerchief before his mother passed away and was instructed to hand it off to the women Othello planned to marry. Desdemona, who is now worried and anxious, claims to have the handkerchief but not at this moment. Othello begins to yell out in anger requesting to see the handkerchief, however, Desdemona tries to avoid the topic by bringing up Cassio, only making Othello angrier. After Othello storms out in frustration, Iago and Cassio enter. Once again, Cassio pleads for Desdemona’s help. Desdemona assures that she will help him, however, Othello’s mood is not the best at the moment and that she plans to bring up the matter later. As Cassio waits for Desdemona to speak to Othello again, he meets with Bianca, who is his mistress, and she questions why he has been absent lately. He apologizes and asks her to make a copy of a handkerchief he found in his room. Bianca expresses her worries that the handkerchief was a gift from another women, however, Cassio reassures her and promises to meet her tonight.

INTERESTING ELEMENT:

I think that Shakespeare focused on revealing Desdemona’s character and Othello’s character development in this scene of Act 3. In this scene, Othello takes Desdemona’s hand and says, “Hot, hot, and moist. This hand of yours requires A sequester from liberty, fasting and prayer” (3.4.45-46) This shows that he is suggesting that Desdemona is sexually aroused. Othello who was once noble and kind shows that he has become aggressive and rude as he uses direct and lewd words to describe Desdemona. Not only does this display character development in Othello, but it also reveals Desdemona’s character. After Othello makes these rude comments about her, she says, “You may indeed say so, For ‘twas that hand that gave away my heart” (3.4.51-52), which shows how Desdemona is completely unaware of what Othello’s words mean. It also reveals that Desdemona is a genuinely pure and innocent character. In this scene, Desdemona shows complete faith in Othello when she says, “Believe me, I had rather have lost my purse Full of crusadoes. And but my noble Moor Is true of mind and made of no such baseness As jealous creatures are, it were enough To put him to ill thinking” (3.4.25-29). In this quotation she says that she believes that Othello will not be furious because he is noble. It is evident that Desdemona holds a lot of faith in Othello and believes that an object will not ruin their strong relationship. This also displays dramatic irony as the audience knows that Othello will be extremely angry knowing that the handkerchief is missing because it will further solidifys his suspicions of an affair.

QUESTION:

Identify and explain the difference between Othello’s jealousy and Bianca’s jealousy.

The main difference between Othello and Bianca’s jealousy is the fact that Othello’s jealousy leads to murderous thoughts and Bianca’s jealousy only results in complaining. Comparatively, Bianca does not believe that Cassio belongs to her whereas Othello is convinced that Desdemona is his property. This explains the extent of their jealousy and why Othello wants to murder to get revenge on his wife’s ‘unfaithfulness’ and Bianca only complains about Cassio’s ‘unfaithfulness’.

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Othello Act 3 Scene 3

MEDIA:

I chose this gif as the media component as it is extremely representative of Othello losing his mind to the idea of Desdemona sleeping with Cassio. These overlapping thoughts of his wife’s unfaithfulness has caused him to go crazy from jealousy.

SUMMARY:

Act 3 Scene 3 begins with Desdemona, Emilia and Cassio together having a conversation. Desdemona promises Cassio that she will do everything she can to get Cassio’s job back. Cassio departs once Iago and Othello approach, however, Othello witnesses Cassio leaving Desdemona’s room and questions whether his eyes have tricked him. Iago assures that Cassio would not act like a guilty man if he saw Othello. After, Desdemona immediately brings up Cassio when speaking with Othello. Desdemona urges Othello to reinstate Cassio and insists for them to meet. Othello assures her that he will not deny her anything and that he will eventually meet Cassio. Right after, he orders her to leave so he could be alone. Once Desdemona departs, Othello begins to think about the idea of Desdemona having an affair with Cassio. He tells Iago about how Cassio sent messages between Desdemona and himself during the time that he was wooing her. He then asks Iago about Cassio’s honesty in which Iago reluctantly claims that Cassio is an honest man. Iago pushes the idea of Desdemona’s affair further into Othello mind. Iago recommends that Othello observes how Desdemona acts and tells Othello to see if she continues to insist for Cassio’s reinstatement. Othello instructs Iago to tell Emilia to watch over Desdemona when she is with Cassio. After Iago leaves, Othello begins to doubt his marriage with Desdemona. He believes that he is no longer good enough for Desdemona and that he has been cheated on. In the midst of questioning his wife’s faithfulness, Desdemona and Emilia enter to summon him for dinner. Othello claims that he has a headache which causes Desdemona to offer him her handkerchief. He immediately rejects her kindness and shoves her away causing the handkerchief to drop. After Othello and Desdemona depart, Emilia retrieves the fallen handkerchief and brings it to Iago knowing that he is continuously asking for it. He starts to discuss his plans to plant the handkerchief in Cassio’s room when suddenly, Othello barges in requesting for proof of an affair. Iago reminds Othello that he cannot watch them have sex together, however, he tells him a lie that he has slept with Cassio and witnessed him speaking intimately about Desdemona. Iago also lies and says that he has seen Cassio with Desdemona’s handkerchief causing Othello to go over the edge. His anger leads to him seeking vengeance on the two people who have cheated him. He then promotes Iago to lieutenant.

INTERESTING ELEMENT:

This lengthy scene in Act 3 displays a lot of rhetorical devices that Iago uses to manipulate and deceive Othello. In this scene, we see Othello being completely manipulated by Iago’s deceptive words. First Iago says, “My lord, you know I love you” (3.3.134) in order to gain Othello’s trust. He uses pathos to convince Othello that he hold undying loyalty towards him and that he is on his side. After, Iago says, “To show me love and duty that I bear you with franker spirit. Therefore, as I am bound, receive it from me” (3.3.225-227), which basically means, because it is my duty to show you love and honesty, listen to my words. By using ethos, he is able to persuade Othello into believing his words and to completely trust Iago. Later, Iago also states, “And may, but how? How satisfied, my lord? Would you the supervisor, grossly gape on, Behold her topped?” (3.3.450-452), which make Othello realize that it is almost impossible to obtain evidence that Desdemona is cheating on him. This causes Othello to trust Iago’s evidence more easily. In all these cases, Iago is able to manipulate Othello’s views of Desdemona and Cassio by simply playing on his emotions and using ethics and questions to gain Othello’s trust.

QUESTION:

In this scene, Emilia obtains the handkerchief knowing that Iago wants it. Did she do this out of love for Iago or did she do this in order to please his requests so he can stop bothering her? Explain.

I think that Emilia retrieved that handkerchief to shut Iago up. She states, “That which so often you did bid me steal” (3.3.354) which shows how Iago is constantly bothering Emilia to steal away the handkerchief. I don’t think she particularly likes Iago because he is too conceited and focused on his plans. He shows no love towards Emilia so Emilia shows no love for him.

EXTRA: ACT 3 QUESTIONS

How are Desdemona’s words in lines 31-32 ironic?

In lines 31 to 32 in Act 3 Scene 4 Desdemona states, “Who, he? I think the sun where he was born Drew all such humors from him” (3.4.31-32) which shows that Desdemona is convinced that Othello never gets jealous.This explains why Desdemona believes that Othello will not be angry that Desdemona lost the handkerchief. This displays dramatic irony because unlike Desdemona, the audience knows that Othello is extremely jealous and anxious that Cassio and Desdemona are sleeping together.

Of what significance is the handkerchief to Othello (the character, not the play)? What new insight does this give to his character? Is this surprising to you?

The handkerchief is a important memento from Othello’s mother. The handkerchief holds a long history as it was given to his mother by an Egyptian sorceress. The handkerchief would ensure that her husband remains faithful and completely in love with her. If it was lost, there would be consequences in their relationship. Othello was given this handkerchief by his mother before she passed away and was instructed to hand it off to the women Othello planned to marry. Othello is indirectly threatening Desdemona by implying that chaos will occur if it is lost or given away. This reveals how Othello is no longer the gentle and noble man he appeared to be in the beginning of the play. This is not surprising as we already saw Othello being consumed by the idea of Desdemona having an affair previously. I think this is just simply the aftermath of jealousy consuming him.

Compare Desdemona and Emilia’s views on men. Specifically, look at lines 120-123 and lines 161-175.  How are they the same? How do they differ?

Desdemona and Emilia’s views on men are completely different. Emilia states, “‘Tis not a year or two shows us a man. They are all but stomachs, and we all but food; They eat us hungerly, and when they are full They belch us” (3.4.120-123), which means that men only use their wives to satisfy their hunger and carry out their needs, however, once they are finished with them, men will throw their wives away. It is clear that because she is married to Iago, she is convinced that her duty as a wife is to aid her husband with whatever he needs and not ask for anything in return. On the other hand, Desdemona states, “Arraigning his unkindness with my soul. But now I find I had suborned the witness, And he’s indicted falsely” (3.4.173-175), which shows that she believes that men may seem like they are angry about an object but usually there is a larger cause. It is clear that Desdemona has a more positive outlook on a men and is convinced that her duty as a wife is to provide emotional support for her husband. Although Desdemona holds a more positive view of men compared to Emilia, it is clear that they both believe that their duty as a wife is to provide for their husband; whether it be stealing a handkerchief to help carry out your husband’s plans or to show empathy and support for your husband when he is angry.

Explain the importance of Desdemona’s handkerchief (to the play).

In the beginning, Desdemona’s handkerchief is symbolic of Othello’s love for his wife. It was the first gift that Othello gave to Desdemona, thus showing that it has great sentimental value. Later, the handkerchief becomes of symbol of Desdemona’s infidelity. When the handkerchief goes missing, Othello becomes suspicious of an affair between Desdemona and Cassio. The lost handkerchief is symbolic of the love that Othello begins to lose as he starts to doubt their relationship.

What role does Emilia play in Iago’s plot?  Explain specifically.

Emilia plays a crucial role in Iago’s plan. First, she is needed to help convince Desdemona to help Cassio as she is the closest person to Othello's wife. Next, she also obtains the handkerchief which is important in sparking Othello’s jealousy. She states, “I am glad I have found this napkin. This was her first remembrance...my wayward husband hath a hundred times would me to steal it” (3.3.334-337), which shows that she is successful in retrieving the handkerchief to help push forward Iago’s plot.

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Othello: Act 3 Scene 1 & 2

Puppet master. Digital image. The Difference Between Manipulation and            Leadership. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2017.

MEDIA:

I chose this gif as my media component because the puppet master is representative of Iago and how he is controlling all the characters in the play to ensure that his plan is carried out correctly. In this scene, Cassio has taken Iago’s advice in seeking Desdemona’s help to retrieve his job back. Cassio, thinks that Iago is his friend but what he does not know is that Iago is working behind the scenes, to ensure that Cassio will never be reinstated as a lieutenant and instead using him as one of his puppets.

SUMMARY:

In Act 3 Scene 1 of Othello, Cassio asks a group of musicians to play music that will put Othello in a good mood and promises to pay them for their duty. As the musicians play, a clown approaches the musicians and hands them some money, kindly asking them to stop playing. He explains that Othello enjoys their music, however he does no want to listen right now. Cassio arrives to find the clown and no musicians to be found. He hands the clown some gold and asks the clown to tell Emilia that he wants to speak to her. The clown complies and  he leaves. Iago enters and begins a conversation with Cassio. Cassio explains that he is unable to get any sleep. Iago promises that he will distract Othello so that Cassio has time to freely speak with Emilia and Desdemona. Emilia meets with Cassio and reveals that Desdemona has been vouching for his case strongly, however, Othello has declined and stated that it was best not to give his job back immediately as Cassio hurt the most important man in Cyprus, Montano. She further explains that Othello is trying to find the right opportunity to allow him to return. Cassio asks to speak to Desdemona alone and Emilia accepts. In Act 3 Scene 2, Othello asks Iago to hand important letters to the captain of Othello’s ship that are to be sent to the Senate of Venice. After, Othello makes his way to the fortification walls.

INTERESTING ELEMENT:

It is clear that Shakespeare uses these scenes to provide some comical relief as the plot will become very tense and heated soon. Previously, the atmosphere of the play was extremely tragic after Cassio lost his job as a lieutenant. Othello and Desdemona where also called out of bed to attend to the problem. Their night together would be the final time they will be truly happy together. Shakespeare deliberately uses comical relief to relieve the tension and provide the audience with a lighter mood. In this case, a clown enters the scene and has a funny conversation with the musicians. The clown states, “If you have any music that may not be heard, to ‘t again. But, as they say, to hear music the General does not greatly care” (3.1.16-18). This silly statement provides an interposition of comical relief that the audience can enjoy before the play continues with more drastic and intense events.

QUESTION:

Why is Cassio so desperately and urgently trying to get his job as a lieutenant back if Emilia already informed him that Desdemona spoke to Othello and told her that he will find the right opportunity to allow him to return?

Although Cassio knows that Othello will eventually reinstate him, I think that Cassio is afraid that with time, they will grow apart and he will find someone else more fitting and make them lieutenant instead. He thinks that the best solution to speed up the process of his reinstatement is to reach out to Desdemona who can help him persuade Othello.

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Othello: Act 2 Scene 2 & 3

MEDIA:

I chose this gif as my media component because it emphasizes the importance of the party and how it helps Iago’s plans. During parties, it is common for people to drink, flirt and have fun. However, at the same time, parties can distort judgement and decision-making abilities. It is clear that the party causes Cassio to act poorly and put his reputation in jeopardy.

SUMMARY:

The Herald announces that the castle will be having a grand party to celebrate the victory against the Turks and Othello and Desdemona’s marriage. Othello instructs Cassio to look after the party and to ensure that nothing gets out of hand. He then leaves with Desdemona to his bedroom. After Othello leaves, Iago engages in a conversation with Cassio and he tries to provoke Cassio into saying something inappropriate about Desdemona, however, Cassio is able to keep his composure throughout their discussion. Iago then tries to convince Cassio to drink and party with him. After countless attempts to persuade him, Cassio finally complies and joins him for a drink. After Cassio exits, Iago reveals that he will make Cassio commit an action that will bring shame and dishonor upon him. Cassio, who is drinking with Montano and the other attendants, reassures that he is not drunk and leaves to fulfill his duty as a night guard. Once Cassio leaves, Iago speaks to Montano and praises Cassio for his good work. At the same time, he lies and says that he is worried that Cassio’s drinking problem will jeopardize his job and the safety of others. Montano recommends that Iago should speak up about Cassio’s problem. Right after, Cassio and Roderigo enter the scene and Cassio is threatening Roderigo. Montano intervenes to prevent the situation from getting out of hand. This results in Montano getting stabbed by Cassio. Othello arrives after hearing the horrible series of events from Iago and fires Cassio. After everyone departs except for Iago and Cassio, Cassio expresses how disheartened he is and that his reputation is destroyed. Iago suggests that the best way to get back his lieutenancy is to seek Desdemona’s help. He explains that Desdemona, without a doubt, will help him talk to Othello and persuade him to give Cassio’s job back. Once Cassio leaves, Iago begins his soliloquy, expressing how he is  helping Cassio and not committing a sin for giving Cassio advice that aids his plan. He also explains how his scheme is falling into place and that he will contaminate Othello’s ear and make him mad from jealousy. Later, Roderigo enters and he expresses that he wants to return to Venice because almost all his money is gone and the chances of him winning Desdemona’s heart is slim. Iago persuades him to stay and reassures that everything is going as planned. Following Roderigo’s departure, Iago reveals the next steps of his plan. He tells the audience that he will talk to Emilia to convince Desdemona to help Cassio. He also states that he will get Othello to see Cassio and Desdemona together to spark his jealousy.

INTERESTING ELEMENT:

The use of imagery in this scene caught my attention and proved to be extremely important when portraying the feelings of the characters. For example, after Cassio loses his rank, he states, “Reputation, reputation, reputation! O, I have lost my reputation! I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial” (2.3.281-283). The use of animal imagery reveals how one’s reputation and how other’s perceive you is what makes you either human or bestial. Because Cassio has gained a bad reputation he reveals how he is now an animal. Once again, this is shown when Cassio states, “O <God,> that men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains! That we should with joy, pleasance, revel, and applause transform ourselves into beast!” (2.3.308-312), emphasizing how an individual with a ruined reputation is perceived as a beast. Another example of imagery shown within the play is when Roderigo states, “I do follow here in the chase, not like a hound that hunts, but one that fills up the cry” (2.3.384-385). This quotation displays how Roderigo feels like a wolf who cannot catch a prey. This is representative of how he is unsatisfied that he has not captured Desdemona. Ultimately, these examples present the importance of imagery throughout the play and how effectively it portrays the emotions of different characters.

QUESTION:

At the beginning of the scene Iago and Cassio engage in a conversation where Iago makes inappropriate comments towards Desdemona and persuades Cassio to drink. What does this reveal about Cassio character?

I think their conversation reveals how Cassio does not live up to his rank. Even though he holds more power than Iago, he does not stop Iago from speaking inappropriately. Furthermore, Cassio tells Iago to go back to work but Iago immediately rejects his proposal. Instead Casso allows him to take charge and even convinces him into doing something he does not want to do. This also reveals that Cassio lacks in self-restraint and he is unable to able to restrain himself from leaving his duty as a night guard.

EXTRA: SPOTTING PRACTICE

She bade me, if I had a friend that loved her, I should but teach him how to tell my story, And that would woo her. Upon this hint I spake: She loved me for the dangers I had passed, And I loved her, that she did pity them. This only is the witchcraft I have used. (I, iii, 163-169) 

The speaker of the quotation is Othello. This quotation is said after Brabantio makes his impulsive claim against Othello stating that Othello used witchcraft to enchant Desdemona and steal her away. Othello explains to the Senate how he and Desdemona are truly in love. Othello is saying that Desdemona said that i another friend told her about the stories he told, she would fall in love with him too. She fell in love with me because of the dangers I faced and Othello loved that she felt strongly about him. That was the only kind of witchcraft he used. The dramatic significance of this quotation is that it reveals Othello’s character. Othello is able to stay calm and reject all of Brabantio’s wild statements without becoming too worked up for being accused of something he did not clearly do. This reveals that Othello is a very reasonable and calm man who is capable to settle down heated situations. The dramatic significance of this quotation is also that it reveals background information. Othello’s words reveal that Desdemona fell in love with him after he told his stories about the dangers he faced.

Damned as thou art, thou hast enchanted her! For I'll refer me to all things of sense, If she in chains of magic were not bound, Whether a maid so tender, fair, and happy, So opposite to marriage that she shunned The wealthy curlèd darlings of our nation, Would ever have, to incur a general mock, Run from her guardage to the sooty bosom Of such a thing as thou—to fear, not to delight! Judge me the world, if 'tis not gross in sense That thou hast practiced on her with foul charms, Abused her delicate youth with drugs or minerals That weaken motion. (1.2.82-94)

The speaker of these words is Brabantio when he marches to Othello’s home after learning from Roderigo and Iago that his daughter eloped with Othello. He is accuses Othello of stealing his daughter and using drugs and magic to make her fall in love with him. The meaning of this quotation is that Othello has chanted Brabantio’s daughter Desdemona. A kind and happy women like herself who has rejected many handsome and rich men would not have fallen for someone like Othello unless it was due to witchcraft. Othello is something to fear not to be loved. It is clear that Othello used drugs. The dramatic significance of this quotation is that is emphasizes the theme of prejudice, more specifically racial prejudice. This is highlight when Brabantio suggests that Othello couldn’t have made Desdemona fall for him unless it was done with the help of drugs or magic. He further emphasizes how he is something that should not be loved, only feared. This shows to some extent that Brabantio believes that because of Othello’s race, a beautiful and fair woman like Desdemona should not love him. This quotation’s dramatic significance is that it establishes relationships between the characters Brabantio and Othello. The readers now see that Brabantio dislikes Othello’s involvement with his daughter and that he strongly opposes their marriage. He will be an obstacle in Othello and Desdemona’s relationship.

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Othello: Act 2 Scene 1

MEDIA:

I chose this gif as my media component because I want to emphasize the importance of the setting in the beginning of this scene. The storm that occurs in the beginning of the scene immediately rids of any external conflict in the play (the Turkish fleet). Shakespeare does this to make room for the internal and emotional conflict which is the greater problem the characters face in the play.

SUMMARY: The scene starts off with Montano and two other gentlemen from the island of Cyprus discussing the severity of the storm and how it may have separated the Turkish fleet. Another gentlemen arrives and informs them that according to the observation of Cassio, the Turkish fleet was destroyed by the storm. Yet Othello���s ship has not been spotted and the men express their worries about their safety. Later, Iago, Desdemona and Emilia arrive at Cyprus and Cassio immediately greets them. After, they engage in a playful banter about women, generally in a ill-mannered and rude way. Out of courtesy, Cassio takes Desdemona’s hand and explains that Othello has yet to reach the island. Iago makes comments about Cassio and Desdemona’s flirtatious interaction even though Cassio is purely showing politeness towards Desdemona. Othello arrives at the shore of Cyprus and he is warmly welcomed. Othello and Desdemona share a loving and heart-warming embrace where they express their love for one another. Then Othello announces that the war is over and that they will head up to the castle. After he orders Iago to get his belongings, Othello once again emphasizes his overwhelming happiness. After everyone except Iago and Roderigo depart, the two men have a conversation about the next steps to Iago’s plan. Iago explains to Roderigo that Desdemona will soon grow tired of Othello and seek a more handsome and young man like Cassio. Iago convinces the naive Roderigo into starting a commotion to make Cassio look bad in front of Othello. Following Roderigo’s departure, Iago explains, in his soliloquy, that he loves Desdemona too and that he suspects that his wife is sleeping with Othello. Because of this, he wants to get revenge on Othello by making Othello believe that Desdemona is sleeping with Cassio to drive him insane.

INTERESTING ELEMENT:

Throughout this scene of Act 2 in Othello, I found the irony to be extremely prevalent and showcased the importance of irony in the play. During this scene, we see Desdemona having a playful conversation with Iago about his ill-mannered comments towards women. This gives the scene a very light and happy mood during what you would think to be a stressful and anxious time considering that Othello is still out at sea and may not return safely. This is an example of situational irony because you expect something completely different in this situation compared to what actually happens. Another form of irony we can identify from this scene is dramatic irony and this form of irony can be easily recognized in the play. Dramatic irony is when the audience knows something that the characters in the play do not know. Iago states in his soliloquy, “Till I am evened with him, wife for wife, Or failing so, yet that I put the Moor At least into a jealousy so strong That judgement cannot cure” (2.1.321-323). In this case, the audience knows about Iago’s plans, however Othello is unaware that Iago is trying to get revenge on him. Iago also states, “I’ll have out Michael Cassio on the hip, Abuse him to the Moor in the <rank> garb” (2.1.327-328). Once again, the audience is completely aware of Iago’s scheme, however, Cassio is oblivious to the fact that Iago is trying to ensure that he loses his job as a lieutenant. Dramatic irony is crucial throughout the play because it presents Othello’s trusting nature and proves that this will be the reason that Othello is driven mad. Dramatic irony also makes the play more intriguing because the audience is able to see all of the pieces in Iago’s plan fall together. This would not be made possible without the help of dramatic irony which uncovers all of Iago’s inner motives.

QUESTION:

Predict how you think Desdemona would react if Iago’s plans fall into place and Cassio loses his lieutenancy?

I think that ridding of Cassio is only a piece of a larger plan Iago has prepared. Iago wants Cassio out of the picture because he wants Cassio’s job as a lieutenant. I think Desdemona would be taken back because Cassio is known to be an honourable and respectable man. I predict that she will freely express her opinion that Cassio should be reinstated as a lieutenant to Othello. Desdemona, who is only trying to help out a friend, will be misinterpreted as Cassio’s lover.

EXTRA: STORM’S SIGNIFICANCE

Shakespeare has been known to utilize weather in order to establish the mood of the play and foreshadow future events. In the beginning of Act 2 Scene 1, Othello and the others as well as the Turkish fleet are at sea and caught up in a horrific storm. By using weather imagery, it sets up a hectic mood and foreshadows the chaos of Othello’s emotions that are to come in the future. Furthermore, the storm allows the war to end quickly with little to no conflict. As mentioned before, the storm clears the play of any external conflict such as the Turkish fleet. By doing so, the play can focus more on the internal conflict that happens within the characters.

EXTRA: IAGO’S SOLILOQUY IN 1.3 VS 2.1

Comparing Iago’s soliloquy in Act 1 Scene 3 versus Act 2 Scene 1, it is clear that Iago has fully developed his plan to get revenge on Othello and has revealed his scheme to the audience. In Act 1 Scene 3, Iago only informs the audience about the surface of his plan for revenge. He only explains that Cassio will be one of the pawns that Iago will manipulate in order to make Othello mad from jealousy. However, in Act 2 Scene 1, Iago explains that he will make Othello believe that Cassio slept with his wife. Iago tries to justify his manipulative actions through claiming that Cassio is in love with Desdemona. In Act 1 Scene 3, Iago also briefly expresses his suspicion of Othello sleeping with his wife, Emilia. Unlike Iago’s soliloquy in Act 2 Scene 1, Iago does not speak about how he lusts for Desdemona. Again, this shows how he is trying to rationalize his devious actions by claiming that he is also in love with Othello’s wife. Through the comparison between the two soliloquies in Act 1 Scene 3 and Act 2 Scene 1, it is evident that Iago is becoming more obsessive over getting revenge on Othello and is legitimizing his wrongful actions by lying to himself and only seeing things he wants to see.

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Othello: Act 1 Scene 3

MEDIA:

I chose this gif as my media component because I think it fully embodies Roderigo’s character. In this scene, it is extremely evident that Roderigo is willing to go to great extents such as suicide if he cannot capture Desdemona’s heart. This gif is used to represent his crazy obsession over her and that his thoughts are only clouded with her.

SUMMARY:

A long discussion occurs between the duke and senators as they try to figure out where the Turkish fleet will attack. In the beginning, they have their suspicions that the Turks are heading towards Rhodes, but later learn that they are indeed heading to Cyprus. Once Othello and Brabantio arrive, Brabantio makes his claim again Othello that he has been using witchcraft to charm his daughter. Othello is given time by the duke to explain his side of the story. Othello denies the claims made against him by Brabantio and tells them they they are truly in love with one another. He also suggests that they summon Desdemona as she will also agree with him. When Desdemona arrives, she supports Othello’s word that they got married because they are in love with each other. After, the duke orders Othello to head to Cyprus in order to defend and Desdemona asks to join Othello in his journey which she is granted. Once everyone leave, Iago and Roderigo have a conversation once again where Roderigo expresses his suicidal feelings. Iago explains that Desdemona will eventually become tired of Othello and that Roderigo should not stop pursuing her. Iago insists that Roderigo sell his assets to ready cash and follow Desdemona to Cyprus. When Roderigo leaves, Iago explains his suspicions that his wife is having an affair with Othello and how he is going to get revenge on him.

INTERESTING ELEMENT:

The use of literary devices, specifically metaphors, were very interesting in this scene because it gave the readers a better understanding of the characters and their motives. There were two main metaphors that caught my attention because of the meaning and significance behind them. The first example is from the words of Roderigo when he says, “It is silliness to live, when to live is torment, and then have we a prescription to die when death is our physician”(1.3.350-352) and shows a comparison between death and a form of medicine you receive from your doctor. It shows that Roderigo portrays death as a healing mechanism because it will stop him from feeling the pain of loneliness with Desdemona. The significance behind this metaphor is that is emphasizes Roderigo's character development as the readers understand that Roderigo’s greatest downfall is the illness called love. Furthermore, it brings light to the theme of obsessiveness as Roderigo is willing to commit suicide if he is unable to have Desdemona. The second metaphor that I found very compelling was the words of Iago and he states, “Tis in ourselves that we are thus or thus. Our bodies are our garden, to which our wills are gardeners” (1.3.361-363), which shows that Iago is comparing our body and willpower to a garden and a gardener. The dramatic significance behind this metaphor is that it emphasizes the theme of impulse vs reason because in literal terms, Iago is saying that you can control your urges through willpower.

QUESTION:

Why do you think Iago urges Roderigo to go to Cyprus so strongly?

I think that Iago urges Roderigo to go to Cyprus because he needs money. In the previous scene, Iago is manipulating Roderigo to think that he is using that money to help him win Desdemona’s heart, however he is putting that money towards his own affairs. I can predict that Iago is going to continue to need Roderigo and his deep pocket in Cyprus as well.

EXTRA: EYES, VISION, AND SEEING SYMBOLS

Shakespeare uses the symbol of eyes, vision and seeing throughout the beginning of scene three of act 1  to emphasize the second meaning behind the words of the characters and bring light to the important themes of the play. The first instance comes from the mouth of the first senator when he states, “To keep us in false gaze. When we consider Th’ importancy of Cyprus to the Turk” (1.3.24-25), which emphasizes how the Turks attempted to deceive the duke and senator into thinking that they were heading towards Rhodes. The symbolism behind this instance of vision is to bring the readers attention to the theme of appearance vs reality and that nothing is as it seems. Another example displaying an instance of vision is when Brabantio says, “Being not deficient, blind, lame of sense--Sans witchcraft could not” (1.3.76-77), which emphasizes how Brabantio thinks that Desdemona is blinded (charmed) by Othello because he uses witchcraft. I think that it emphasizes the theme of prejudice because Brabantio is saying that there is no way that my daughter would fall in love with a man of colour unless magic was used. The symbol of vision is also is also shown when Brabantio says, “To fall in love with what she feared to look on!” (1.3.116), which once again brings light to the theme of prejudice as he is explaining that Desdemona should instead be afraid of Othello because of who he is.

[jessica-blogs-stuff-blog]

Othello: Act 1 Scene 2

MEDIA:

This gif shows a pokemon putting out a fire to save a flower and I think this is representative of Othello’s ability to diffuse tension and heat to keep others safe and prevent the use of violence which is clearly shown in this scene.

SUMMARY:

Iago is at Othello’s house and warns him that Brabantio is angered and is going to do anything in his power to separate him and Desdemona. When Cassio arrives, he informs Othello that he must meet the duke and senators because they must discuss about the attack on Cyprus by the Turks. After their conversation, Brabantio, Roderigo and a group of Brabantio’s people arrive to confront and attack Othello. They all draw their swords, however, Othello diffuses the situation. After, Brabantio decides to take his personal problem to the duke and senators in Cyprus.

INTERESTING ELEMENT:

In this scene, the theme of racial prejudice was very clear through Brabantio’s claims against Othello. When Brabantio says, “That thou hast practiced on her with foul charms, Abused her delicate youth with drugs or minerals That weakens motion. I’ll have ‘t disputed on” (1.2.92-94) which shows that Brabantio believes that there is no possible way for Desdemona to be attracted to a man of colour like Othello unless there were external factors such as drugs or witchcraft. This theme of prejudice was briefly shown in the previous scene when Iago says, “an old black ram Is tupping your white ewe” (1.1.97-98), which refers to Othello as an animal or beast. This theme of prejudice will also continue to reoccur in future scenes.

QUESTION:

How do you think the Duke is going to handle Brabantio’s personal problem against Othello?

I predict that the Duke will take this situation lightly considering that the attack against Cyprus is a larger problem at hand. However, I do think that with Othello’s calm nature, he is going to be able to diffuse a heated conversation and explain his side of the story. I do not think Othello will be punished because he will give a rational and appropriate reason why he doesn’t deserve one.

EXTRA: OTHELLO’S PERSONALITY

Throughout the second scene of act 2, Othello’s strong characteristics include his calmness and rationality; however he is too trusting towards those around him. When Othello says, “Hold your hands, Both you of my inclining and the rest. Were it my cue to fight, I should have known it” (1.2.101-103), which shows his calmness in a very heated situation. Because Othello is greatly repeated and has a very commanding nature, he is very calm and collected in a tense setting which clearly proves to be one of his strengths. Another strength of Othello is his ability to be rational and is shown when he says, “Good signior, you shall more command with years Than with your weapons.” (1.2.78-79) This means that Othello is suggesting to use their words instead of violence to solve this problem and through his wise decisions, Othello proves to to be very rational. However, Othello displays his weakness when he trusts Iago too readily. The main indication shows this weakness is that because he is very confident and respectable, he has probably not considered the idea of deceit and back-stabbing. Thus, he fully puts his trust in those close to him and expects them to shows the same respect he gives them.

[jessica-blogs-stuff-blog]

Othello: Act 1 Scene 1

MEDIA:

I chose this very simple gif as my media component because the image shows a man with two faces which I think it clearly depicts Iago’s deceitful character.

SUMMARY:

In the beginning of Act 1 Scene 1 of the play, Roderigo and Iago are in the middle of a discussion regarding the recent events that have occurred in Venice, Italy. Iago expresses his hatred towards Othello because he feels that he deserved to be promoted to a lieutenant, not Cassio. Roderigo also learns that Desdemona, a women he is madly in love with, has eloped with Othello. After releasing their anger and realizing their mutual hatred for Othello, they go to Brabantio’s house, the father of Desdemona, to inform him that his daughter was stolen. Once they warn Brabantio about his daughter’s whereabouts he is immediately alarmed and angry so he decides to leave his house and follow Roderigo to Othello.

INTERESTING ELEMENT:

I found Iago’s character to be very interesting and quite amusing. In the first scene of Act 1, the character development of Iago is apparent and the readers can determine Iago’s characteristics and personality through his word choice and thoughtless remarks. For example, when Iago says, “sir, you’re robbed. For shame, put on your gown!” (1.1.94-95), which shows that Iago is referring to Desdemona as an object being stolen and proves that he disrespects women. Also, when Iago states, “I am not what I am” (1.1.71), it shows that Iago is portrayed as an anti-God because these are words opposite of what God says. Thus, readers can expect that Iago is a villain who will be pushing the plot of the play forward. Finally, if it it not clear already, when Iago says, “Though I do hate him as I do hell <pains,> Yet, for necessity of present life, I must show out a flag and sign of love” (1.1.171-173), it shows that he is deceitful and manipulating.

QUESTION:

Why do you think Iago needs Roderigo in his plan to get revenge on Othello?

I think Iago needs Roderigo to get revenge on Othello because Roderigo has deep pockets and can fund Iago. Furthermore, I think that because Roderigo is so madly in love, Iago finds him as an easy target to take advantage of. Other than money, Iago has no use for Roderigo.

[jessica-blogs-stuff-blog]

THE CATCHER IN THE RYE: Hexagonal Analysis

The three assigned symbols our group discussed include Holden’s red hunting hat, the mummies from the museum and finally, the Little Shirley Beans record. We first identified what each symbol represents as well as the themes associated with them. From there, our group branched out and thought of other topics that related to the symbols and their theme. After, we searched for evidence throughout the novel that proved the importance of each symbol as well as evidence showing that the symbols resemble a theme. Our main discussion started when we had to carefully consider how we wanted to layout our hexagons to make proper and effective connections between the symbols.

The first connection we made was between the red hunting hat and the Little Shirley Bean record. They both symbolized protection and security. Evidently, the red hunting hat is an item that makes Holden feel safe. When Holden says, “My hunting hat really gave me quite a lot of protection, in a way, but I got soaked anyway” (212, 213), it shows that even though the hat didn’t provide physical protection, it protected Holden emotionally. The Little Shirley Beans record also relates to security and protection shown in the quotation that states, “Then something terrible happened just as I got in the park. I dropped old Phoebe’s record. It broke into about fifty pieces. It was in a big envelope and all, but it broke anyway” (154). The record which symbolizes innocence, could not be protected by the big envelope. In other words, no matter how hard you try to protect children’s innocence, they are bound to mature. Another connection we made was between the Little Shirley Beans record and the mummies in the museum. Firstly, Holden dislikes anything related to Hollywood including singers because he thinks they are “phony”, thus, the record also falls into the category of things Holden thinks is fake. The mummies in the museum also showed phoniness because previously Holden told Mr. Spencer, “...I know about the Egyptians. I can’t seem to get very interested in them...”(12), however, later on in the novel, Holden explains, “Well you should, it’s very interesting. They wrapped their faces up in there cloths that were treated with some secret chemical...” (203), which shows Holden’s interest in the subject. Therefore, this proves how Holden lied, making him a hypocrite and a “phony”. The final main connection we made was between the red hunting hat and the mummies. The idea that connected these two symbols together is avoiding adaption. Since Holden stays under the comfort of his hat, unwilling to let go of past event, including the death of Allie, Holden cannot move forward. He refuses to change and thus, continues to live in the past. The mummies also demonstrate the idea of avoiding adaption as they are capable of preserving their life.

[jessica-blogs-stuff-blog]

THE CATCHER IN THE RYE: Chapters 25 - 26

MEDIA:

I chose this gif as my media component because it resembles Holden letting go of Phoebe and allowing her to mature and grow up instead of trying to preserve her innocence and purity. At the end of the book, Holden decides to let Phoebe reach for the golden ring which represents maturity. Understanding that there is a possibility of her falling, he decides to not try and save her, and instead let her fall which will help her grow and learn.

RETELL:

Holden makes his way to Grand Central Station and decides to sleep on a bench. He wakes up and walks along Fifth Avenue while observing people around him. However as he walks, he begins talking to his late brother Allie. Every time Holden crosses a street, he begs Allie to not let him disappear. Later, he decides that he never wants to return home and rather live in a cabin near the woods and become deaf-mute. Excited about this impulsive idea, he decides that before he carries out his plans, he wants to say good-bye to Phoebe. He purchases a pen and so he can write a note and give it to somebody at the school to give to Phoebe. When he reaches the school, he passes the note informing Phoebe to meet him at the museum, to an old lady in the principal’s office. As he wanders the school, he encounters “Fuck you” written on the wall several times, causing him to feel depressed. As Holden waits for Phoebe at the museum, he meets two children searching for the mummies exhibit. He leads them to the mummies, however is disappointed to see another “Fuck you” written on the wall. When Phoebe shows up with suitcases in her hand, ready to leave with Holden, he gets angry and immediately refuses. This causes Phoebe to cry. Holden urges her to return to school, however, she angrily rejects his request, so Holden decides to take her to the zoo. When they arrive, Phoebe and Holden look at animals which begins to cheer up Phoebe. After, Holden persuades Phoebe to ride the carousel. As Holden watching from a bench, wearing the hunting hat Phoebe personally put on his head, he suddenly feels a rush of happiness. Holden doesn’t continue retelling the events of the past and briefly explains how he returned home and got sick. He states that retelling these events to others makes him miss everyone in his past.

RELATE:

Throughout the novel, it is evident that Holden is afraid of change. First, he is unwilling to see other people’s views, because he thinks most people are “phony”. When Holden says, “I thought what I’d do was, I’d pretend I was one of those deaf-mutes. That way I wouldn’t have to have any goddamn stupid useless conversations with anybody” (198), its suggests that Holden doesn’t want to hear their opinions. His fear of change, stunts him from pushing forward. I can relate to Holden because I think change is very scary as well. When I moved to a different school than my friends, it was nerve-wrecking. Initially, I was hesitant and rejected the idea of changing schools, however, I got over my fear and adapted to the new environment. Clearly, if you make a conscious effort to try to accommodate for your surroundings, it is a lot easier to manage the shock of new ad unknown environments. Furthermore, it allows you to be more open about other people’s views and opinions which is something Holden needs to work on.

REFLECT:

When Holden enters Phoebe’s school, he notices inappropriate words written on the wall. The “Fuck you” words written on the wall of Phoebe’s school symbolizes the negativity of maturing and how it cannot be avoided. In the text it states, “Somebody’d written “Fuck you” on the wall. It drove me damn near crazy. I though how Phoebe and all the other little kids would see it, and finally some dirty kid would tell them” (201). This quotation shows how Holden is trying to protect the children from the negative influences of society. He rubs off the word, hoping that this would prolong the children’s purity and innocence. However, later on, Holden encounters the same set of words on another wall These words were engraved and permanent. The novel states, “...but this one was scratched on, with a knife or something. It wouldn’t come off. It’s hopeless, anyway. I you had a million years to do it in, you couldn’t run out even half the “Fuck you” signs in the world. It’s impossible” (202). This quotation proves that Holden is facing the fact that maturing is inevitable and you can only protect children to a certain extent before they have to face the negativity of society on their own. 

QUESTION:

Why is Holden suddenly so happy as he watches Phoebe go around and around on the merry-go-round?

I think Holden is suddenly happy when he watches Phoebe go around and around on the merry-go-round because it makes him feel like time has stopped. Holden, who wants to protect children from maturing, is extremely happy because watching Phoebe on the carousel makes him feel like her innocence will never be tarnished.

When Phoebe places the red hunting hat on Holden’s head, why is this such a crucial moment in the novel?

I think that this is a crucial moment in the novel because it shows that Phoebe wants to protect Holden. The red hunting hat symbolizes security and protection, so when Phoebe places it on Holden’s head instead of herself to protect him from the rain, it makes Holden realize that there are people who genuinely care for him.

PREDICT:

Although the novel is finished, I predict that in the future, Holden’s mental state will stabilize and he will be able to live among others in society. I think that Holden will become a teacher when he is older because he truly cares about children’s well-being.

[jessica-blogs-stuff-blog]

THE CATCHER IN THE RYE: Chapter 20 - 21

MEDIA:

I chose this gif as my media component representing Holden’s depressed mental state which is evident throughout chapters 20 and 21. His attempts to numb his senses by drinking countless glasses of alcohol at the bar, show how damaged his psychological health is.

RETELL:

After Holden’s conversation with Luce, Holden continues to drink. In an irrational and drunk state, Holden decides to call Sally Hayes, however, when he calls, Sally’s grandmother answers the phone. After causing a commotion with Sally’s grandmother, Sally finally intervenes. She questions Holden’s drunk behaviour and insists that he go to bed. When Sally hangs up, Holden goes back to the bar and tries to set up a date with Valencia. When that fails, he goes to the park to search for the ducks at the lake. Once he arrives, he drops and breaks the Little Shirley Bean’s record that he was planning to give Phoebe. Feeling terrible, he sits on a bench and worries about catching pneumonia. He thinks about how Phoebe would feel if he froze to death, and decides to sneak into his home to visit her. He arrives at the apartment and takes the elevator up. He tricks the new elevator boy in thinking that he is visiting the Dicksteins. He quietly enters the apartment and heads straight to Phoebe’s room only to find that she isn’t there. He remembers how Phoebe often sleeps in D.B.’s room when he is away and quietly tip-toes to his brother room. As he watches Phoebe peacefully sleep, he opens her schoolbooks and finds her made-up middle names and notes to her classmates. Holden finally wakes up Phoebe and she is thrilled to she her brother. She begins talking about all the things she is excited about, however, reminding Holden that if he is caught, his father would kill him. Holden attempts to explain why he is at home, however, Phoebe covers her head with a pillow and refuses to listen to Holden’s words.When Holden realizes that Phoebe won’t listen to him, he exits to go find more cigarettes.

RELATE:

After Holden accidentally drops the record he was planning to give to Phoebe, he felt horrible. Although the record was completely shattered and useless, Holden still kept every broken piece. “I damn near cried, it made me feel so terrible, but all I did was, I took the pieces out of the envelope and put them in my coat pocket. They weren’t any good for anything, but I didn’t feel like just throwing them away” (154). This shows that the record has sentimental value to Holden. He isn’t willing to trash the record that was originally a gift for his little sister who he cared about dearly. I can relate to Holden because I don’t throw away items that have meaning and memories behind them. For example, old toys from my childhood are items I cannot easily give away. Even though they are completely useless to me right now, they hold too many memories that I’m unwilling to give up. Similar to Holden, I would still keep items that hold sentimental value to me, even when the item isn’t of any use.

REFLECT:

The Little Shirley Beans record symbolizes childhood and innocence. Holden buys this record in the hopes of preserving Phoebes innocence , however, when Holden goes to the park, he drops the record and it shatters. This crucial point in the novel, represents Holden's hope to keep Phoebe innocent and pure, breaking. In this moment, Holden realizes that he cannot sustain Phoebe’s innocence as maturing and growing up is inevitable.

Another crucial symbol featured in chapters twenty and twenty-one of The Catcher In The Rye are the ducks in the pond which represent Holden’s innocence. Holden shows curiosity in the ducks when he says, “I figured I’d go by that little lake and see what the hell the ducks were doing, see if they were around or not. I still didn’t know if they were around or not” (153), it shows Holden’s curiosity for a very trivial matter. Thoughts such as the ducks in the pond do not demonstrate adult-like sophistication, proving that Holden is still growing up and maturing.

QUESTION:

What can the readers infer about Holden’s current mental state based on the setting of chapter 20 in The Catcher In The Rye?

It is evident that Holden’s mental health is completely destroyed. The text states, “Then I went in the park. Boy, was it dark...I kept walking and walking, and it kept getting darker and darker and spookier and spookier” (154). Darkness is a symbol used to represent negativity and evil. The use of darkness imagery shows that Holden’s mind is being consumed by negativity, thus, suggesting that his depression is worsening.

Other than Holden displaying child-like behaviour through his curiosity of the ducks, why else is he so curious about them?

Holden is probably concerned about the ducks because the idea that everything can disappear so quickly, just like Allie, worries him. Furthermore, animals are also characterized as pure and innocent, thus they should not deserve to be harmed by the cold. Holden is concerned that the ducks are vulnerable, if they remain at the lake during the winter time.

PREDICT:

Based on the events that occurred in these two chapters, I predict that Phoebe will stop ignoring Holden and truly listen to what he has to say -- something that no one else did.

[jessica-blogs-stuff-blog]

THE CATCHER IN THE RYE: Chapters 14 - 15

MEDIA:

I selected this gif because it symbolizes Holden’s thoughts of suicide in chapters 14 and 15. Holden feels unimportant and lonely, thus causing his depression to worsen and suicidal thoughts to surface.

RETELL:

Holden is sitting in his hotel room and smoking cigarettes. He begins thinking back to when he didn’t allow Allie to play with BB guns. Holden begins to feel regret and depression. Shortly after, Holden gets into bed and starts thinking about the Bible. He talks about how he hates the Disciples because they always let Jesus down. Suddenly, Holden was startled by a knock on the door. Maurice, along with Sunny, came to collect an extra 5 bucks. Holden, who knows he is getting scammed, refuses to give up his money. The tension in the room increases and finally, Sunny takes the money straight from Holden’s wallet. Holden begins to insult Maurice and Holden gets punched in the gut as a result. After a long night, Holden wakes up and decides to call up Sally Hayes to invite her on a date. Then, he goes to a sandwich store where he meets two nuns and strikes up a conversation. He gives the nuns ten dollars as a charitable contribution. After the nuns leave the shop, Holden begins to regret not giving them more than ten dollars, however, he remembers that he has a scheduled date with Sally.

RELATE:

In chapter 14, Holden explains how he talks to his brother whenever he feels very depressed. “Boy, I felt miserable. I felt so depressed, you can’t imagine. What I did, I started talking, sort of out loud, to Allie. I do that sometimes when I get very depressed” (98). This shows how Holden is constantly thinking and living in the past. It prevents Holden from moving forward and growing as a person. Similarly, I can relate to Holden because I understand how the past can stop you from maturing in the present. For myself, I find that I get too caught up in grades I’m not satisfied with and struggle to move past this speed bump. I need to remember that I can’t go back to the past and change anything. Instead, I should be focusing my energy in growing and becoming a better person.

REFLECT:

There are many reoccurring themes throughout chapters fourteen and fifteen of the novel but depression/suicide, isolation/ alienation and phoniness were the main ones I identified. When Holden says, “What I really felt like, though, was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out the window. I probably would’ve done it, too, if I’d been sure somebody’d cover me up as soon as I landed. I didn’t want a bunch of stupid rubbernecks looking at me when I was all gory” (104), it shows how Holden’s symptoms of depression are worsening. Previously in the story, Holden didn’t think about death and suicide as often, however, in these current chapters, Holden begins speaking and actually considers killing himself. The factors that stop Holden from jumping, is the thought of his family going through another death in the family. After the death of Allie, his family as well as himself were devastated. Going through that devastation again would absolutely ruin Holden’s family. Another factor that makes Holden rethink his idea of jumping out the window is the fact that he doesn’t want “phony” people to stare at his dead body. . To Holden, these people are staring at the dead body not because they genuinely care about you, but they are staring at your corpse out of curiosity. To Holden, these people are “phony” and Holden doesn’t want artificial affection as it has not worked well for him in the past.

QUESTION:

Why does Holden talk to Allie when he feels very depressed?

Holden talks to his late brother when he feels depressed because Holden is at his most vulnerable during these times. It is during these times that Holden needs someone who he feels safe and comfortable with and for Holden, that person is Allie.

How does Holden handle the harsh reality of adulthood?

Clearly, Holden isn’t able to handle adulthood very well. He cries and his voice quivers when he is confronted by a tough and scary adult, Maurice. His behaviour mirrors that of a child, proving that Holden is unable to face the harsh reality of adulthood.

PREDICT:

Based on the events that occurred in chapters fourteen and fifteen of The Catcher In The Rye, I think Holden will have a lousy time with Sally when they go on a date. Holden is searching for someone who listens and understands Holden, however I don’t think Sally will be able to connect with Holden.

[jessica-blogs-stuff-blog]

THE CATCHER IN THE RYE: Chapters 8 - 11

MEDIA:

I chose this as the theme song representing Holden because it portrays Holden’s loneliness and isolation from the rest of society. In the beginning of the song, it says, “Can anybody hear me? Or am I talking to myself? My mind is running empty. In the search for someone else.” These lines perfectly convey how Holden feels unimportant and alone. His views on society are not heard by anyone else but himself. Finally, the song also depicts Holden’s desperation for affection from others. 

RETELL:

Holden catches a train and starts heading to New York. As he rides the train, an older woman gets on, sits beside Holden, and starts a conversation with him. The older woman was the mother of Ernest Morrow, one of Holden classmates at Pencey. Although Holden detests Ernest, he lies to Ernest’s mother and tells her fabricated details about her son that make him sound better than he actually is. Everything was going smoothly until Ernest’s mother asked why he was out before Wednesday, which was the original day Pencey students were suppose to visit home. Afraid that his parents would learn that Holden got kicked out of school, he quickly comes up with a lie, claiming that he has an operation for a tumor in his brain. After he gets off the train, he starts thinking about whether or not he should call Jane and his little sister Phoebe. In the end, he decided not to call anyone. He gets a cab and drives to Edmont Hotel where he checks into his room. He observes people, from the view at his window and suddenly starts to feel horny. He calls up Faith Cavendish in an attempt to meetup with her, however, she refuses his offer. Since the night was still young, Holden decides to go to a night club called the Lavender Room. On his way there, Holden speaks about his little sister Phoebe, who he also spoke highly of. Once he reaches the Lavender Room, he meets three women, visiting from Seattle, who he flirts and dances with. The women seem uninterested in Holden and end up leaving as they want to rest. Holden pays for their drinks. When Holden returns to the hotel, he begins thinking about Jane once again. He begins reminiscing about the pleasant memories with Jane, showing that Holden really cared and loved her. Since Holden thought the hotel was depressing, he decides to take a cab and head to Ernie’s to listen to some piano music.

RELATE:

In the novel, Holden tries to ask Faith Cavendish, a person completely unknown to Holden, to meet up with him. In the text it states, “It was the address of this girl that wasn’t exactly a whore or anything but that didn’t mind doing it once in a while” (63). Although this seems like Holden is just a horny teenager looking for fun, I think it goes a bit deeper than that. Previously, Holden mentioned that he wanted to call Jane Gallagher and Phoebe, however, Holden makes excuses and decides not to. Holden is isolating himself away from people he cares about and who he feels he holds a close connection to. When Holden decided to call up this unknown women, I think Holden was searching for compassion and affection. Holden, who feels alone and unimportant, is desperate for anyone and is willing to meet with a stranger in order to make close connections with others. As for myself, I would not reach out to a stranger to receive affection. I believe that I should trust the people who are closest to me, since they know me best and they will be able to support me when I’m feeling down.

REFLECT:

From chapters eight to eleven, I noticed the theme of maturing and growing up was reoccurring. When Holden goes to the Lavender Bar he tries to order alcohol but it told off but the waiter. “I had trouble with him anyways, though. “I’m sorry, sir,” he said, “but do you have some verification of your age? Your driver’s license, perhaps?” I gave him this very cold stare, like he’d insulted the hell out of me” (69). This quotation shows Holden acting like an adult even though it is obvious, to others, that he isn’t. He also tries to flirt with older women. Both these adult-like activities are rites of passage, however, it is obvious that Holden isn’t ready for the life of an adult as he is still very young and immature. Ultimately, the events that occurred at the Lavender Bar portrayed and emphasized the theme of maturing and growing up in the novel.

QUESTION:

Why does Holden lie to Ernest Morrow’s mother, even though Holden hates when people are “phony” or “fake”?

Holden is a hypocrite. Even though he says he hates “phonies,” he falls under that category too. I think Holden deceives other because he is trying to make connections with people. By telling lies, Holden was able to relate to Ernest Morrow’s mother because they could talk about her son.

How does Holden’s behaviour at the Lavender Bar display Holden’s conflict between childhood and adulthood?

At the Lavender Bar, it is clear that Holden is trying to act more adult-like. For example, he asks the waiter for alcohol when he isn’t of legal drinking age. Furthermore, he tries to flirt with women much older than himself. Even though Holden wants to act more mature, he is still a young teen. Ultimately, while Holden tries to find a place where he fits in, it causes conflict between his child identity and his adult identity.

PREDICT:

Based on the events up to chapter eight, Holden’s feelings of loneliness and isolation have been constantly reoccurring. I predict that Holden’s obvious signs of depression will only continue to worsen at Ernie’s.

[jessica-blogs-stuff-blog]

THE CATCHER IN THE RYE: Chapters 2 - 7

MEDIA: I chose this gif because it portrays how Holden feels unimportant and worthless. After Stradlater and Holden get in a fight, Holden says, “He didn’t even look around to see where I was at” (50), which shows how Holden, who considered Stradlater as a closer acquaintance, being his roommate and all, doesn’t even bother to see if Holden was fine after beating him up. Since Holden is unable to make any close and meaningful connections to anyone at Pencey, his loneliness and feelings of worthlessness worsen. 

RETELL:

Holden enters Mr.Spencer’s room and they start a conversation. Mr.Spencer expresses his concern about Holden’s future since Holden shows no interest and a lack of motivation in his academics. Holden gets tired of Mr.Spencer’s lecture and lies about having to go the gym. After Holden leaves, he returns to the dorms where he tries to read a book but is rudely interrupted by Ackley, a boy who is described by Holden as disgusting, unhygienic and has a nasty personality. Known for always sticking his nose is other people’s business, he asks Holden about his red hunting cap and Holden explains how he purchased it for a dollar after getting off the subway when they were heading back to the school after forfeiting the fencing team’s tournament. Suddenly, Stradlater enters the room and asks Holden to lend him his hound’s-tooth jacket. Stradlater was out on a date, and he returned to the dorm to wash up before heading out again. They joke around and Stradlater asks Holden to write his English composition because he has no time since he was on a date. He was on a date with Jane Gallagher, a girl who Holden knew from the past and spoke very highly of. Holden slowly becomes more and more nervous about the fact that Stradlater was taking her out. He also shows interest in meeting Jane and greeting her, however, decided not to because he isn’t in the mood. After Stradlater left to go on his date, Holden begins writing Stradlater’s composition. He writes about Allie’s old baseball mitt. Allie was Holden’s late brother, who died of leukemia and owned a baseball mitt that had poems written all over it. When Stradlater returns from his date, he reads Holden’s composition. He is obviously unhappy with the topic Holden chose and it causes Holden to tear up the composition and throw it out. He smokes in their room, which angers Stradlater. Holden begins pestering Stradlater about how his date went with Jane. However, when Stradlater shows no interest in mustering up any details about the date, Holden becomes irritated. The atmosphere between the two becomes heated and they engage in a fight with Holden attacking first. After the fight, with Stradlater pummelling Holden, Holden goes to Ackley’s room and lies on the bed of Ackley’s roommate. He tries to fall asleep but can’t stop thinking about Jane. Quickly after, Holden makes an impulsive decision to leave Pencey and go to New York that night.

RELATE:

I can relate to Holden because I don’t like when people act “phony” or “fake” when they speak to me. For example, Holden says, “You remember I said before that Ackley was a slob in his personal habits? Well so was Stradlater, but in a different way. Stradlater was more of a secret slob. He always looked all right, Stradlater, but for instance, you should’ve seen the razor he shaved himself with. It was always rusty as hell and full of lather and hairs and crap” (27). This shows how Holden views Stradlater as a hypocrite since Stradlater is constantly making remarks on Akley’s disgusting hygiene, when Stradlater obviously displays horrible hygiene habits himself. This two-faced type of phoniness is what bothers me too. I don’t like when people act artificial in front of me because I never get to truly know who they are.

REFLECT:

J.D. Salinger introduces the red hunting cap to the readers which is one of the most important and well-known symbols in the book. The author uses the hat to symbolize security and safety. Holden, who purchased the hat after forgetting the fencing team’s equipment on the subway and forcing them to forfeit their game, was at his most vulnerable during that time. He was being ostracized by the members, but the hat made him feel safe and protected. The reason Holden purchases the red hat can relate back to his late brother, Allie, who also had red hair. Allie was someone who Holden loved, admired and felt safe with. Since the hat reminded him of Allie’s red hair, it may had been one of the deciding factors that led Holden in purchasing the hat in the first place and why he feels so safe with it when he puts it on.

QUESTION:

Why does Holden continuously make excuses that stop him from meeting Jane even though it is obvious he wants to see her?

Holden doesn’t follow through with meeting Jane because he is afraid of seeing the “new” Jane. Holden doesn’t want the perfect image of Jane and the memories with her to disappear when he sees how much she has changed.

How can readers infer that Holden is struggling with depression?

There are multiple signs throughout chapters two to seven that clearly show symptoms of depression. Firstly, Holden is failing academically. His poor performance at school is one sign of depression. Another symptom proving that Holden is facing depression is his abnormal tearfulness. “I was sort of crying. I don’t know why” (52). Finally, Holden's feelings of loneliness and worthlessness are signs of depression. When Holden says, “You couldn’t even hear any cars any more. I got feeling so lonesome and rotten” (50), it shows that Holden’s senses are beginning to numb and he feels isolated from the rest from the world, indicating Holden’s loneliness.

PREDICT:

After reading up to chapter seven in The Catcher In The Rye, I predict that once Holden reaches New York, he is going to realize it is a lot more difficult living there than he thinks. He isn’t going to be able to “just take it easy” (51), because I believe that he will have to face the harsh reality of adulthood in the chapters to come.

[jessica-blogs-stuff-blog]

THE CATCHER IN THE RYE: Chapter 1

MEDIA:

I chose this gif as my media component because I believe that it perfectly conveys how Holden feels about society. One of Holden’s obvious personality traits is cynicism. He distrusts the motives of others and thinks everyone is “phony” or fake. 

RETELL: 

The story begins with Holden Caulfield, a teenager, who retells the hectic events of last Christmas. He attended Pencey Prep which was an all boys school, however, he was kicked out due to his lack of ability to devote himself to his studies. He was sitting at the top of a hill watching the football game from afar. He sat beside the “crazy cannon” which was an iconic landmark of the school but didn’t have any meaning to him. Just like many other things, he didn’t believe the rumours that revolved around the cannon’s history as he thought it was “phony”. After, he made his way to go see Mr.Spencer, his history teacher, because he requested to see Holden before he left. He ran to Mr.Spencer’s house and was invited in by Mrs.Spencer. Holden and Mrs.Spencer engaged in small talk.

RELATE:

In the story, Holden is not afraid to speak his mind. He disregards the opinions that other people have of him which is highly respectable. In society, I think we get to caught up in what people expect of us. The words that escape our mouths are sometimes artificial and insincere. However, Holden doesn’t have a filter. He says what he wants about anyone and anything. “...she didn’t give you a lot of horse manure about what a great guy her father was. She probably knew what a phony slob he was.” As you can see, he holds strong opinions of people and is not afraid to speak what he thinks. I can relate to Holden in some way because I like my opinions to be heard. If I truly believe in something, I am not afraid to say it.

As I read the story, I noticed that Holden likes to analyze people. For example, Holden was able to clearly state the traits of Old Selma Thurmer after having a conversation with her once on the bus. “...she wasn't exactly the type that drove you mad with desire. She was a pretty nice girl though.” This quote shows that Holden was able to determine Old Selma’s personality rather quickly. I also analyze people I meet as it gives me an idea of their personality. I believe that no one can be non-judgemental when they meet someone. The moment you lay eyes on an individual, your brain is re-actively forming assumptions and opinions about that person. Thus, I think it is natural to analyze someone once you meet them.

REFLECT:

Characterization is the main literary device used in this chapter. The author is trying to create a picture of the character inside the reader’s head. The author mainly uses indirect characterization which forces reader to observe and infer the character traits of Holden. In the text, it suggests that Holden doesn’t have a strong relationship with his family as he doesn’t enjoy discussing it much. In addition, his views and outlook of the world are very negative which suggests that Holden is very cynical and doesn’t trust others.

QUESTION:

Why does Mr.Spencer care so much about Holden to the extent of writing a note requesting to see him?

Mr. Spencer might be concerned about Holden’s future. Since Holden is failing four subjects, Mr.Spencer might be worried that if Holden doesn’t get his act together soon, his future will be in jeopardy. 

Why isn’t Holden affected by the strict rules and beliefs prep schools instil in their students?

Holden is very cynical and doubtful so he doesn’t trust the beliefs that the institution forces onto their students. Furthermore, Holden is very unmotivated and doesn’t care if he gets in trouble for violating school rules.

PREDICT: 

Based on the events of chapter one, I predict that Holden will have a serious talk with Mr.Spencer about his education since he is flunking four subjects and got kicked out of school.

EXTRA: Holden Character Analysis

In chapter one, Holden is depicted as an unmotivated, judgemental, and pessimistic teenager who is struggling to find his way in society. First, Holden is clearly unmotivated as he shows no interest towards anything.  “...I was flunking four subjects and not applying myself and all.” This quote shows that Holden doesn’t care about his education. He ignore his studies when children his age usually want to seek a good education to obtain a good career. Holden is also very judgemental as he often analyzes people’s behaviour and appearance. For example, when Holden commented on Old Selma Thurmer, he described how she looked as well as her personality. “I sat beside her once in the bus from Agerstown and we sort of struck up a conversation. I liked her.” This shows that Holden develops strong opinions on people, even only after meeting them once. Finally, Holden shows signs of a pessimist as he views society in a negative way. For instance, “It was a terrible school, no matter how you looked at it.” This shows that he sees the worst in everything.This negative behaviour suggests that Holden is very pessimistic.

[jessica-blogs-stuff-blog]

Hello!

This is my first post so I'll just give a quick overview of what this blog is all about.

This blog is dedicated to exploring and analyzing different pieces of literature assigned throughout my English course. I will be posting my opinions, insights, reflections, questions, and experiences related to the assigned readings.

Although there isn’t much to show at the moment, I hope that you will stick around as I will be posting more frequently in the near future.