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BOOKS AND ARTICLES
Theory in Landscape Architecture
“The Art of Site Planning” (Kevin Lynch and Gary Hack) 1984
8 Stages of Site Planning
Defining the problem
Programming and the analysis of the site and user
Schematic Design and Detailed Costing
Developed Design and the Preliminary cost estimate
Contract Documents
Bidding and Contracting
Construction
Occupation and Management
“Our physical setting determines the quality of our lives”
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“An ecological method (1974) Ian McHarg
Ecology Offers emancipation to landscape architecture
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“Community Design” 1974 Randolph Hester Jr.
Policies to make design profession more responsible for social sustainability of the neighbourhood environments
To clarify to whom the designer is responsible
To guarantee the input of users values
To eliminate proffesional ethics
To provide for socially suitable neighbourhood environments
To guarantee increased users involvement throughout the neighbourhood
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Operative Landscapes: Building Communities through public space
Alissa North
2013
_Contemporary landscape architecture
_Operative landscapes exhibit concepts regarding self organisation emergence, ecology, systems, performance and function. This specific approach tends no to focus on future uncertainties to be adapted within a space over time…
_James Corner, put forward that landscape as an agent of change without end. “A cumulative directionality toward further becoming”; a constant process of unfolding rather than a rigid reality. Michael Desvigne interprets this notion as an indeterminate nature, a “Long time frame of landscapes and cities and especially “the play with time: the different stages of development that concentrate the condense, in short a short period. Processes with historical rhythms.
_Communities rely on their surrounding resources for their functions.. Resources such as in the form of intact ecologies of forests, bogs, rivers and grasslands and through cultivation transformed into reserves, channels, acreage and plots.
_Public spaces such as parks, community gardens, plaza or a street scape, the public where people interact provide a shared sense of ownership and the qualities of these spaces impacts the community on how they operate and evolve..
_Public spaces are the main core of creating and directing a successful community development… making use of a landscape framework to support an operative landscape….
_Public open spaces are continuously evolving with their communities… they can be considered as a dynamic rather than static and prescriptive
_A well designed open space tends to Forster strong community pride and involvement..
_What are remediation strategies for landscape?
_Understand the communities impact throughout the design phases of a project… it can lend an insight on the effects of community input, development and sustained involvement and therefore it can guide the design of public spaces as intentional catalyst for community building….
JENFELDER AU, HAMBEG, GERMANY
_The community has been developed on a site and it was formerly occupied by military Baracks…
_The design crated a typological references to the sites history to develop a strong image for this east Hamburg neighbourhood… currently considers charaterless but also includes technical design features such as rainwater harvesting, biomass energy production by useing sanitary waste and solar energy collection….
CRISTAL PARK, BIEL, SWI TZERLAND
_It was used as a waste disposal site, Prohibiting built structure, the site was then developed into a community park…
NEW FARM, BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA,
_The riverfront community of New Farm provides a rich contextual narrative for a site that has experiences morphological and cultural transformations.
_New Farm’s name traces back to the portion of these sites peninsula that was once a farming settlement in the late 1800’s
_New Farms adaptive master plan, interprets the spatial and historical processes of socio economic change, the physical realities of the site, as well as its heritage quality informed by the sites previous industrial nature..
_New Farms regeneration to outline the preservation of the community’s historic housing stock, by providing guidelines that prescribe the creation of a heritage park system with reference to some fo the legacy features of the site.
DOCKSIDE GREEN, VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA
_Dockside Green is an adaptive reuse of an industrial site that required brownfield remediation inured to make the site an appropriate contact for urban development.
_The project blends the best of the arbors old industrial fabric with innovate practices in landscape technology
*Landscape Architecture and Digital Technologies
Green-roofs assist in providing some of this habitat, collecting and recycling rainwater, insulating the interior membrane of the buildings and connecting the upper units to planted areas.
Remediating a Sense of Place
Memory and Environmental Justice in Anniston, Alabama
Melanie Barron
University of Tennessee - Knoxville
_”The Material Landscape itself, as it is produces by the black subject and mapped as unimaginably black, must be rewritten into black, and arguably human, existence on different terms…. Invisible geographies, marginality, indicate a struggle and ways of knowing the world, which can also illustrate wider conceptual and material spaces for consideration; real, lived dispossessions and reclamations, for example. The margins and invisibility, then are also lived and right in the middle of our historically present landscape.” Katherine McKitrrick, Demonic Grounds - pp. 5-7
RECYCLING SPACES Curation Urban Evolution:
The Landscape Design Of MARTHA SCHWARTZ PARTNERS
GRAND CANAL SQAURE Dublin — Case Study
_Recuperation as a contemporary landscape architecture in response to the slow violence of economic restructuring globally
_Post Industrial Cities
_Since the late 17th Century, the dublin docklands area has transformed from river estuary, to agricultural fields, to industrial port, to gas works, to toxic brownfield, to vibrant urban neighbourhood. Grand Canal Square, the centrepiece of the new development, has played a catalytic role in the most recent reshaping of this once forgotten part of town..
_Dublin is a city of change. More than 1000 years the city has been ruled by the norse and normans the British and the Irish, it has ben an agricultural city, a shipping city, a manufacturing city, a service city and a technology city. As the economy shifts, Dublin shifts..
_The most recent wave of movement to Dublin came during the Celtic tiger boom of the mid 1990’s, when Ireland transitioned from being one of the poorest in western Europe to having one of the fastest growing economies on the continent…
_In order to transform the site and its toxicity that got left behind, from being derelict industrial site to a vibrant mixed used development, the DDDA (The Dublin Docklands Development Authority) combined an innovative relaxation strategy and public realm design…
_”If you want to make it something that people are drawn to, you need to imprint it in peoples imaginations, in a way that is fun, that is lively. It had to have an identity in and of itself and had to be of cultural and artistic value.” - John McLaughlin
_The docklands are has historically been important of Dublin, but it was a really tough place to live, Now 80,000 people living and nearly 30,000 jobs. Facebooks agency is near and google just opened up their European headquarters. Businesses are growing and there’s a young and energetic population…
BEAUTY REDEEMED: Recycling post industrial Landscapes
Ellen Braae
“INTERVENTIONS”
Learning from Landschaftspark Duisburg - Nord
_German Landscape Architect Peter Latz - Latz + Partners
_The transformation of former industrial areas for new purposes is a widespread phenomenon happening before our eyes..
_ “A space is thereby established in which the past, present and future can be seen together in mutual dialogue”
_The reuse of ruin ions industrial areas inscribes it self cultural in a wider artistic re-orientation and re-interprests on what we already have, contributing towards thinking behind sustainability.
_The Industrial areas can be seen as potential new cultural heritage, where preservation, re use and transformation becomes allies
_Transformation of industrial areas is ushering in an epistemological breakthrough in design… there’s a lot of things to be learned from transformed industrial areas
_The innovation in Latz proposal lay in decoding of features and qualities and the way they were highlighted and reworked. He saw structures in the area which could form settings and provide inspiration for new uses…
_Relics of Industrialism and The Process of nature
_Latz also developed a strategy for cultural re-use which no only re-incorporated the materials on the site but also incorporated entire structures such as the massive blast furnace which today houses an auditorium
_Latz intervention-based transformations with its desire to re use the decommissioned industrial areas in various ways, includes several aspect of sustainability.
_Sustainability in relations to the questions of future ruin ions industrial areas also involve cultural dimensions. There is cultural history hidden in these discrete areas, where the requirements of productions are intertwined with culturally determined values - but of far greater importance of how we can build a new future out if these ruins and derelict spaces
_ “How can we work on the new aesthetics qualities, functions and materials, and the new frames of understanding in the industrial leavings, in a way that is meaning for us today and helps to draw the counters of tomorrow?”
_ “German Historian Koselleck said each era is formed by its expectations of the future and if we are unable to take a creative approach to an absolutely crucial central element of our recent past and the present we live in, then in that respect there is little hope for our future. We must then develop our aesthetic views of these ruins if we are build a future from them and on top of them. This is where we find the new sustainability”
_ “Industrial areas can be regarded as a new form of cultural heritage, to be investigated and creatively treated”
FROM INDUSTRIAL TO POST INDUSTRIAL UBRAN LANDSCAPE
Industrial Landscapes as an element of post-industrial urbanisation
_Post Industrial urban landscapes, ruinous industrial landscapes are simply part of are not planned, unified entities, they are accumulations of a series of decision taken over time, each rational in its own right, which led to the current stage of urbanisation.
_Overlaid like a palimpsest on largely obliterated earlier uses of the land…
_ “In between landscapes” can be criticised as lacking both identity and aesthetic quality
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Readings Spatial Design Notes
FORT BALLANCE READING / RESEARCH
FORT BALANCE LOCATION : HILLTOP SITE AT POINT GORDON ON THE MIRAMAR PENINSULA
https://www.wellingtoncityheritage.org.nz/areas/6-fort-ballance
_Fort Ballance is a historical area that is located at the hilltop at point gordon on the miramar peninsula
_It was a coastal defence structure that was first established in 1885
_It was a temporary defence structure in response to the “Russian scare” of the mid 80’s and it was then turned into a permanent fort that still lives on to the present
_It was build on a Maori pa (Te Mahanga) the snare
_Time, tagging and vandalism, encroaching bush and vegetation, and the past efforts of the Army to demolish some of the structures, have taken their toll on the complex. The area is clothed in heavy bush in some places and many features have been covered over with earth. Nevertheless the greater part of the area's structures are extant and in relatively good condition
_Buildings
Fort Ballance
The Fort comprises an impressive collection of largely intact late 19th century military structures arranged around the site, including:
_Gun emplacements;
_Barracks building;
_Retaining walls, curtain walls, and ditches;
_Parade ground and former camp site;
_Minefield Control
_Mahanga means “Trap”
_Maori Pa - was/is a village or defensive settlement, Hill-forts, Fortified settlements with palisades and defensive terraces and fortified villages
FORT BALLANCE RESEARCH NOTES
_Fort Ballance is a historical area that is located at the hilltop at point gordon on the miramar peninsula
_It was a coastal defence structure that was first established in 1885
_It was a temporary defence structure in response to the “Russian scare” of the mid 80’s and it was then turned into a permanent fort that still lives on to the present
_It was build on a Maori pa (Te Mahanga) the snare
_Time, tagging and vandalism, encroaching bush and vegetation, and the past efforts of the Army to demolish some of the structures, have taken their toll on the complex. The area is clothed in heavy bush in some places and many features have been covered over with earth. Nevertheless the greater part of the area's structures are extant and in relatively good condition
_Buildings
Fort Ballance
The Fort comprises an impressive collection of largely intact late 19th century military structures arranged around the site, including:
_Gun emplacements;
_Barracks building;
_Retaining walls, curtain walls, and ditches;
_Parade ground and former camp site;
_Minefield Control
THE MAORI “PA”
https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/maori-material-culture/page-10
The hill fort or pa was erected on suitable hills or ridges as well as on strategic situations with sea, river, lake, or swamp forming a natural barrier on one side. All pas varied with terrain and locality. Stockades, as well as trenches and ramparts, were built to protect the sides open to enemy attack. Inside the pa was established a village with sleeping huts, stores of kumara, and other foods with specially erected pataka as well as pits for water or special access to a spring if possible. A wooden gong (pahu) situated on the highest point was beaten to warn of an approaching enemy.
Every pa had its protective deity. This was often a special stone which retained the mana or prestige of the pa and was buried under one of the corner posts. In general the pa was the stronghold of the tribe, a place of refuge when danger threatened and security for all in time of war.
THE 3 ERA’S / GENERATION OF THE SITE / 3 STORIES
Maori Pa (The Snare)
Fort Ballance - Response to the Russian scare - 1880’s
To now being covered in graffiti, Becoming derelict - present
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Readings
Book: Theory in Landscape Architecture
“The Art of Site Planning” (Kevin Lynch and Gary Hack) 1984
8 Stages of Site Planning
Defining the problem
Programming and the analysis of the site and user
Schematic Design and Detailed Costing
Developed Design and the Preliminary cost estimate
Contract Documents
Bidding and Contracting
Construction
Occupation and Management
“Our physical setting determines the quality of our lives”
——
“An ecological method (1974) Ian McHarg
Ecology Offers emancipation to landscape architecture
——
“Community Design” 1974 Randolph Hester Jr.
Policies to make design profession more responsible for social sustainability of the neighbourhood environments
To clarify to whom the designer is responsible
To guarantee the input of users values
To eliminate proffesional ethics
To provide for socially suitable neighbourhood environments
To guarantee increased users involvement throughout the neighbourhood
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Research Towards Fort Ballance
_Fort Ballance is a historical area that is located at the hilltop at point gordon on the miramar peninsula
_It was a coastal defence structure that was first established in 1885
_It was a temporary defence structure in response to the “Russian scare” of the mid 80’s and it was then turned into a permanent fort that still lives on to the present
_It was build on a Maori pa (Te Mahanga) the snare
_Time, tagging and vandalism, encroaching bush and vegetation, and the past efforts of the Army to demolish some of the structures, have taken their toll on the complex. The area is clothed in heavy bush in some places and many features have been covered over with earth. Nevertheless the greater part of the area's structures are extant and in relatively good condition
_Buildings
The Fort comprises an impressive collection of largely intact late 19th century military structures arranged around the site, including:
_Gun emplacements;
_Barracks building;
_Retaining walls, curtain walls, and ditches;
_Parade ground and former camp site;
_Minefield Control
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Reflection from Site Analysis
Fort Balance has a very rich history in regard to the site, the fort structure was first established in 1885 as a temporary defense structure in response to the “Russian Scare”. The fort was then turned into a permanent fort that still lives on today. After conducting a site analysis within the area, I think this site is suitable for my overall idea for my project. The idea of “Recuperation” through landscape design, starting from the bottom to the hilltop; it takes about 10 mins to walk up the hill in order to get to the site. The site is a common site for people who goes for a run as it is a great site to do physical activities such as running, walking etc. It is also common for people who do photography and cinematography, It is very common for these people to choose the site as the walls of the barracks as covered in graffiti arts; this then makes the place a great spot for modern cinematography and photography. The site also attracts families and teenagers to the site, It is a site where you can hang with family or friends and enjoy the view from the hilltop and finally at the hilltop expect strong winds coming from the south side of the site.
The site consists of barrack buildings, gun emplacements and retaining walls, curtain walls and ditches. For my project, I wish to recuperate the site through landscape design practice, through this I want to find a way to reference the sites historical background to create a modern design that could benefit its visitors.
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Fort Ballance Site analysis. Bunkers
The atmosphere within the space is quite intimidating as we go inside the bunkers. Walls covered in graffiti art indicating people have been in the place
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Site Collage - Left bank Cuba
_Laneways activation Description:
Under-utilised, Unattractive and unsafe lanes. Regards to left bank, the street itself is dull and unattractive to many. Especially at night, most people tend to avoid the place as it is too dark and there isn't much lighting that is going on within the area. At night, it is an active space in regards to people who are out on that night, a famous spot for people who like to go “Shisha” at Petra cafe, it is the only spot that most people tend to go to during after hours.
During the day, It is very dull and quite most of the time, As mentioned earlier, its quite unattractive to most.
Maybe through the idea of recuperation or remediation of the space can activate the space and create a more attractive space to many other people
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Wellington Urban Growth Plan
The growth plan seeks to manage our projected population and urban growth and to ensure the city remains compact, liveable, set in nature and resilient
More projects in regards to urban regeneration, vibrant centres and improved transport and protect the city’s natural environment.
Outcomes
_Ubran Regeneration
_Transport Improvements
_Increase Housing Supply and Choice
_Protection and Enhancement of the natural environment
_Increased city Resilience
Cycle Network
_To improvise local cycling routes
_Central city - Providing the heart of the parade and wellington railway station
_Eastern - providing from the city/ Newtown -> Kilbernie and Lyall bay -> Miramar
_Petone - Linkning central wellington to ngauranga and Petone
_Northern - Connecting Ngaio, Khandallah, J’Ville, Newlands, Tawa and Linden to the city and harbour.
_Southern - Connecting Newtown, Berhampore and Island Bay with the city
_Western - Connecting are valley, Brooklyn, Kelburn, Karori to the City.
Benefits of Cycling Network
_Greater Transport efficiency, effectiveness and resilience
_Wellington becoming a more sustainable liveable and attractive city and improved safety for people on bikes
Laneway Activation
_Target areas are places where lanes are under-utilised, unnatractive or unsafe
_Lanes provide shortcut for pedestrians through large urban blocks and if they lined with shops and cafes and other public uses they can contribute to the liveliness of the city
_To increase the level of economic activity and pedestrian movements along inner city lanes
Location for laneway activation
_Bon street
_Masons Lane
_Cable Car lane
_Garret street
_Wigan Street
_Left bank
_Felix Lane
_Edward Street
Benefits
_It will generate a much more safer pedestrian amenity, Makes lanes safer and will contribute to the city liveability
Urban Regeneration
_Potential upgrade of Taranaki Street to add trees and other Greenery to the corridor to remove amenity
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Design Practices
Through out my 3 years of studying, I’ve always lean on to sketching my ideas out. Through drawings and sketches is where Im able to gain knowledge on what things would look like and through making a collage to “feel” the atmosphere of the idea that I had in mind. One thing that I wanna learn more this year is model making, I want to learn more on making models as such in order to expand my skills and understanding when it comes to modelling in regards to finding out the scale of certain things.
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Presentation Week 4.
For this presentation it really helped me clarify on what I wanted to do specifically. I think from here on point I want to focus on Recuperation, as I have 3 things in my mind. Recuperation through ecologies, human health and nature. Specifically I want to intertwine all these ideas and be able to combine them together through landscape design. I guess from here onwards I would like to dig deeper on what recuperation means and find more things about recuperation
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Refined Statement 4
For this project, I want to create a foundation for my research from The More Than A Human City, Focusing towards on creating more landscape architectures within wellington mainly within areas and places that has had a rich history in regards to its past events, I want to include the idea of recuperation throughout the project. I also want to focus on the beneficial sides of creating more landscape architectures around wellington towards humans and other living things.
Through this project, I also want to make aware of the sustainability issues that has been occurring around New Zealand, ranging from our native plants, animals and eco systems becoming more and more endangered as we move through the years. I will also be conducting a deeper research within sustainability from my ecologies paper and applying gained knowledge to further my understanding revolving around the subject of sustainable future for humans and other living things.
With the continues growth of global warming, One of the main issues and problems with what we are dealing with is pollution and within that; it branches out to many thing on where pollutions comes from, starting from air pollution. I hope to propose a project where we could invite more people to use less automobiles to decrease the emissions that are coming from it and persuade people to walk or use bicycles to navigate and manoeuvre around the city.
I will be conducting a research on how can both technology and Landscape architecture would be able to combine together to form a relationship in order to create an Idea, Concept or a solution towards our sustainability issues and psychological issues for humans. I want to incorporate a spatial practice that will revolve around Landscape architectural interventions within the city and through this I want to include both my interest in regards to the combination of natural and man-made designs.
I want to create something for people to inhabit the spaces and create an atmosphere of stillness and relaxation. I want to further my understanding on how we can reduce more from technology and Invite more people to interact with the landscape and nature, Proposing a concept where nature and man-made are able to work together producing a healthy relationship between human and nature
Keywords:
Landscape
Nature
Technology
Past, Present Future
Recuperation
History
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Precedent / Case Study
ARCHEOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF “PRAÇA NOVA DO CASTELO DE SÃO JORGE”
(NEW SQUARE OF SAINT GEORGE CASTLE)
“LANDSCAPE AS A PALIMPSEST)
Location: Lisbon
The new square of Saint George was an architectural intervention that was done by Joao Luis Carrilho Da Graca.
The location of the site was the first human settlement in the area of Lisbon. It became an archeological digs that was undertaken in the 1996. The artefacts that were inside the museum was put in the castle museum. The archaeological area was the object to protect and the architect converted it into a site that can be visited
Joao created a permitter of corten steel wall surrounding the area to allow access for visitors to access and broad views of the site.
There is also a poly carbonate and wood canopy and white walls both protect and suggest the original forms of 11th century Muslim structures on the site.
The walls are slightly anchored in the ground and appear to float above the rocks, showcasing the evidence of the original “Iron Age” settlement that underlines the whole and exposed through slits of the Cortel’s membrane (Weathered Steel), This then will encourage the visitors to discover more of the deepest and most ancient level of Civilisation of Lisbon
“Our own cultural necessity to mark our historical identity as a suport to our Collective Identity led us to the conservation, reconstruction or rehabilitation of the urban, military and architectonic structures, sometimes through excavation which brought back to light layers of matter that help us contemplate this Place in time. The contemplation and interpretation of these material culture remains is used as an instrument to construct the Place as a Palimpsest, where a sucessive layering of ocuppations were erased after the accumulation of soil and cataclism debris forming an indefinable juxtaposing of times and materials in a tridimensional field.” João Gomes da Silva, 2010
Link:
https://divisare.com/projects/143424-joao-luis-carrilho-da-graca-global-arquitectura-paisagista-duarte-belo-fernando-guerra-fg-sg-praca-nova-do-castelo-de-sao-jorge
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Refined Statement 3
For this project, I want to create a foundation for my research from The More Than A Human City, Focusing towards the great outdoors and It’s benefits towards humans and other living things. With the rise of technologies and the social media, humans have adapted a way to experience psychological issues through different platforms; ranging from depression, anxiety and stress and this has been the common problems in today’s generation as we often neglect our time on being away from the screen. I will also be pulling out ideas and concept that I will be gathering from The Inclusive City as my main target audience are the people around the city as I will be investigating more on the beneficial side of the outdoors towards human from interacting with the nature.
Through this project, I also want to make aware of the sustainability issues that has been occurring around New Zealand, ranging from our native plants, animals and eco systems becoming more and more endangered as we move through the years. I will also be conducting a deeper research within sustainability from my ecologies paper and applying gained knowledge to further my understanding revolving around the subject of sustainable future for humans and other living things.
I will be conducting a research on how can both technology and the great outdoors would be able to combine together to form a relationship in order to create an Idea, Concept or a solution towards our sustainability issues and psychological issues for humans. I want to incorporate a spatial practice that will revolve around architectural interventions and installations within the city and through this I want to include both my interest in regards to the combination of natural and man-made designs.
I’m specifically interested in multiple different spatial practices, being mainly within the installation and intervention area. I want to create something for people to inhabit the spaces and create an atmosphere of stillness and relaxation. I want to further my understanding on how we can reduce more from technology and Invite more people to interact with the outdoors and nature and By breaking down the huge definition of The Great Outdoors I mainly want to focus on incorporating a landscape design installation or intervention within the city, Proposing a concept where nature and man-made are able to work together producing a healthy relationship between human and nature.
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