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Modalert

This text was stored in a hiding place in the column of the Samue monastery in the quality of the so-called "Modalert" (Tiba terma) so that, after a specified period of time, people specially designated for this purpose could retrieve it again, A treasure for all mankind. In the year of the opening of the first medical academy, which was on the border with Kham, 300 students were studying there. After these students completed a ten-year (!) Course of study, a new set of listeners was announced. Now the academy has already studied a thousand students, which opened up opportunities for subsequent extensive scientific research and development. The king had a special love for horses, and thanks to this, veterinary medicine was included in the academic course. As a result of the joint efforts of the Indian physician Dharmaraja, the Chinese doctor Makhachin and the Persian healers, the medical work "Precious Vase" (Tib. Rinchen Bumpa) appeared. Unfortunately, only a small excerpt from this interesting work has reached our days.

After the golden age of Tibetan culture, an extremely dark period of wars and repressions took place in the reign of Langdarma (born in 842). The dark period lasted until 1052. Only after that, peace re-established in Tibet.

Tibetan translator Rinchen Zangro (958-1055) spent most of his life in India and at the end of his life brought to Tibet medical work "Essence of the eight branches" (Tib. Yenla Jaypa). By its content, this work is very close to the principles of Ayurvedic medicine. At that time, Yuthok Sarma (also known as Yuthok Yonten Goenpo, Jr.) was still alive, who is considered one of the most outstanding healers of all time. He came from the same clan with Yutho-com-elders, but was the representative of the fourteenth generation of this kind. Based on the work of Yuthok Nyingma and Berotsana (perhaps using the "Essence of the Eight Branches"), he composed the fundamental medical work known today as "Gyushi: The Secret of the Oral Tradition of the Eight branches of the Science of Healing" and divided into four treatises .

Another important stage in the development of Tibetan medicine was the introduction of detoxified mercury by Mahasiddhoy Urgyenp (1230-1310), who traveled extensively throughout Pakistan, Kashmir and neighboring countries. Neutralized mercury is the basic component of all the "precious pills", the manufacture of which has become famous for Tibetan medicine. By the same period include the creation of a collection with a very detailed description of all medicinal substances (Materia medica) - called "Ocean of medicinal substances" (Tib. Men Ming Gyamtso).

Desi Sangye Gyatso (1653-1705), regent of the fifth Dalai Lama, founded a medical university on a mountain near Lhasa, Chagpori. In addition, he is the author of an extremely appreciated commentary on "Gyusha" - "Blue Beryl". In 1627, Demar Geshe created a vast work on medicinal substances "Crystal mirror" (Tib. Shel Gong, also translated as "Crystal Ball"). This work describes in great detail a great variety of medicinal substances with a total of 2294! His commentary on his own work, "Crystal Beads" (Tib. Shel Treng), is considered outstanding.

In 1754, his student (disciple), the 8th Sita Chenji Jungme (1700-1774), founded the Palpung Academy near the Palpung monastery. The Academy taught astrology, medicine, mathematics, poetry and linguistics. Along with some other monastic universities, the Palpung Academy has become one of the leading educational institutions in Tibet.

In 1916, the thirteenth Dalai Lama founded another medical academy - Mentzi Khang in Lhasa. This school was rebuilt and rebuilt as the Tibetan Institute of Medicine and Astrology in Dharamsala (North India) by the fourteenth Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso after his forced flight from Tibet, which was caused by the Chinese occupation. At present, this educational institution is again training specialists in Tibetan medicine, runs a small hospital of its own, and also is engaged in the production of the most often prescribed medicinal formulations.

Sanctified by ancient traditions, the Chagpori Institute was also revived in Darjeeling (Northern India) under the guidance of the distinguished Tibetan lama and healer, Dr. Trogawa Rinpoche. Today the institute is again engaged in the training of Tibetan doctors.

Section I Modalert Fundamental information on three bodily energies

When studying Tibetan medicine, it is absolutely necessary to pay close attention to the underlying causes of the reincarnation of the body-mind continuum in one form or another.

The basic premises for reincarnation are formed under the influence of mental impulses that accompany each sentient being from the moment of one incarnation (incarnation) to the next (at least, the potential next incarnation). The basic impulse is a false premise about the existence of an independent and independent (self-sufficient) "I". This is essentially a false perception of reality, which can also be called "basic ignorance", later generates three mental poisons. Those, in turn, lead to the appearance of 84 thousand so-called "painful" (that is, causing suffering) emotions.

With the exception of absolutely pure beings, such as the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, who voluntarily decide to emigrate from compassion to all other living beings, basic ignorance, as well as the three resulting mental poisons - desires (desires, passions, attachments) , anger (irritation, fury, hatred) and a limited perception of reality (stupidity, limitation, apathy) - form the basis for the reincarnation of all other living beings, as well as for the accompanying physical, emotional and mental abilities and / or destructions.

That is why three mental poisons are considered remote (or otherwise - primary, initial) causes of the disease. As indicated above, the absolute and fundamental underlying cause of disease is a distorted view of reality. Specific impulses in their extreme manifestations affect the so-called "body of the Bardo" (the type of the illusory body in the transition from one form of incarnation to the other) and direct it into the phenomenal world (the world of sensations). This world corresponds to more or less positive or negative illusions, formed inside the body of the Bardo.

The perception (erroneous) of this phenomenal world as the only possible "reality" deepens the stability of the idea of ​​the independence of the "I" (personality), which is self-sufficient and exists separately from everything else. In Buddhist philosophy there are an infinite number of "realities" and everything in the world is interconnected and interdependent. The opportunity to incarnate in the human body is seen in Buddhism not just as a self-evident fact. On the contrary, this is given great importance. The human embodiment provides a unique opportunity for one earthly life to comprehend the fundamental reality and thereby free itself from the "cycle" of reincarnations and the accompanying suffering.

As described above, three mental poisons lay the basis for the formation of the corresponding principles of Lung (wind), Tripa (bile) and Peken (mucus). These poisons exist on the material, emotional and mental levels. In Tibetan they are also called pueras, which literally means "mistake".

In pro-Western cosmology, this idea closes most closely with the idea of ​​basic "Males", that is, a fundamental predisposition, which initially exists in a latent state and awaits a corresponding impetus for activation. The possibilities of such activation will be discussed in more detail in the next chapter.