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Chinese calligraphy with space

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kulliye with public life and Arabic calligraphy

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billboard

Urban signs and billboards are part of urban facilities that are outside of closed spaces and their main function is to transmit messages from individuals, groups and institutions to other citizens in the form of signs, whether written or images. Billboards are part of a city landscape that is introducing goods or services with their color, form, scale, and positioning, and sometimes they advertise a particular commodity against other goods and they have four aspects of artistic-decorative, functional, context, and sustainable. It has attracted more audience attention and has a tremendous effect, and adds to the environmental beauty

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graffiti writing with public space

We have taken that notion seriously: interviews with writers demonstrated to us that graffiti is, overwhelmingly, about pleasure and desire in the act of writing. Moreover , writing graffiti is far from a static or two-dimensional activity involving simply the application of paint to a surface. Instead, most understand graffiti writing to be an affective process that does things to writers’ bodies and the bodies of onlookers as much as urban surfaces.

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Wider Role of the Mosque: The Mosque as a Community Centre

The mosque as a centre for education

The mosque as a place for receiving dignitaries and delegates

The mosque as a charity distribution centre

The mosque as a shelter for the homeless

The mosque as a nursing home

The mosque as a place of entertainment on special occasions

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different types of cultural products in calligraphy

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Space and Calligraphy in the Chinese Mosque

most calligraphic inscriptions in Chinese mosques carry statements of veneration of God, reminders of His oneness, of the sacredness of the mosque, and of the necessity of prayer.

calligraphy creates a sense of space. By considering the informative function of calligraphy, one can come to understand the names and functions of various architectural buildings and components within the Chinese mosque. Beyond this straightforwardly informative element is the decorative function of Chinese and Arabic calligraphy, which helps to create a psychological space, a way of signalling the commonalities of culture and religion, the unity of the community, and the spirituality of the space; and to create, by tying all the architectural spaces together through calligraphy, a single, cohesive mosque space.

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space quality

human scale and sense of enclosure

Spaces achieve human scale by way of the size, texture and patterns of the materials and elements that make up the floor, vertical edges and any overhead elements as well as any fixed or movable elements. Sense of enclosure is the degree of definition of a space by way of physical elements that surround it. Enclosure may be achieved by the fixed features bounding the space such as building edges, walls, trees or by semi-fixed or movable objects such as awnings, canopies, parked vehicles and so on. A space is considered to have a sense of enclosure if it has a room-like quality that evokes a feeing of being ‘inside’ the space as distinct from being outside it.

Researchers have argued that to achieve sensory pleasure pedestrians prefer a certain level of complexity resulting from variety and novelty. Empirical studies have shown that sensory stimuli identified in contributing to the retention of people in public spaces include other people and activities, building features and personalized shop windows, signs, trees, and density and variety of form, texture, and color of shrubs and plants . In sum, studies have concluded that people prefer public spaces that provide a high level of culturally acceptable sensory stimuli, resulting in a complexity that heightens interest without becoming over­ stimulated and chaotic.

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'The First Thing God Created Was The Pen'

The Prophet Muhammad is related to have said: "The first thing God created was the pen." In the Islamic world, calligraphy is revered as a medium of infinite duration and a visual expression of faith. According to Islamic tradition, “the first thing God created was the pen,” and McWilliams emphasized the role of writing tools, often made of precious and exotic materials, in her talk. Calligraphy, she noted, also creates a sonic experience, as sharpened reed pens move gracefully across paper. And behind all of these aspects is the calligrapher himself, the “pen of God.”

Architectural inscriptions construct space, appropriate it, and infuse it with meaning. And that is why they have at times been considered so threatening

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combination of calligraphy art and environmental design

First, environmental design can adopt the ideas and methods in the art of calligraphy. In the art of calligraphy, "shape" is the shape of the word, the basis of the art of calligraphy, and the component of space, including lines, brushwork, structure, and modeling of the word. In the materialized environment, beautiful lines can also be used to construct different Spaces, so as to achieve the purpose of reflecting the spiritual connotation of the Chinese nation like the calligraphy art. In the environmental design, the principle of calligraphy art can be followed about the line design. In calligraphy, "knot character" is the space composition of a single word, "zhang fa" is the space composition of the calligraphy work, just like the structural space of a building. That is to say, the balance and symmetry, diversity and unity, contrast and care, as well as the dialectical relationship between thin and dense, real and virtual, tibetan and dew pursued in the art of calligraphy, are also applicable in environmental design. In environmental design, we should pay attention to balance, symmetry, contrast, diversity and unity, dialectical coexistence, and the sense of harmony. Secondly, when calligraphy elements are added to environmental design, there are the following ways: direct application, transformation application (abstract expression), characteristic inheritance, post-multi media technology .

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The Role of Letters and Calligraphy in Public Art

One way to communicate audience is by using cultural elements in public artworks. Letters and calligraphy can possess an important function in this field based on the lingual emphasis of postmodern art. In the contemporary age, calligraphy has been widely used in the field of art in terms of graphism and visual aspects.

In Muslim countries, the religious letters and words are important.

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Arabic Calligraphy's influence on the design of Zaha Hadid's creation of architectural forms

This research by Bassam Al-Shiekh focuses on the translation from Calligraphic expressions to visual structures and architectural spaces that are formulated around algorithms which are in turn created via experimental computational studies. He devises a parametric calligraphic machine that produces and correlates calligraphic images, surfaces and reality.

Hadid further stated that painting in an abstractive way is a clearer way to explore space, form and the spatial and organizational arrangements than mere drawing. In her interview, Hadid repeatedly emphasised that the abstractive art movements in the early Twentieth Century took certain ideas from primitive and figurative art which are rooted in Arabic and Chinese calligraphy, African art, and geometric design. Consequently, these avant-garde art movements were the main inspiration for new architectural movements such as constructivism and deconstructivism.

Kufic is suited for Islamic tiling and architectural decorations of palaces, mosques and institutions.

Thuluth is used in the Holy Qur’an and in architectural decorations in many regions of the Islamic Empire.

which qualities in calligraphy can transform into architecture:

Fluidity of Strokes• Sequence of Strokes

Motion

Energy

Solid & Void

Continuity of Space

Layers• Proportion

Scale

Gesture• Balance

Texture

Materiality• Rhythm

Philosophy/Purpose

Emotion• Mass

Structure

Decoration & Embellishment• Emptiness

Subtleness

Speed/Velocity• Abstraction

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Narratives of Arabic Script: Calligraphic Design and Modern Spaces

Arabic calligraphic compositions display a high degree of aesthetic subtlety and artistic mastery. Calligraphy is a specialized craft with carefully delineated forms, measurements and artistic practices. Aesthetically, these forms arise from the geometric proportions of individual letters. Letters offer both a meaningful semantic and a base measurement from which to generalize the design of graphic space.

In Ibn Muqlah's system of proportioned script, the design of letters are strictly related to three measurements: (1)the size of the nuqta (a rhombic dot resulting from touching the nib of a reed pen to paper); (2) the height of the a/if (the first letter of the Arabic alphabet, which is measured in nuqta); and (3) the circle (with a diameter equal to the height of the alit).

Arabic type design often begins with the construction of three letters - a/if, ayn and sin - rather than the solitary point of the nuqta. Or the letter ba may be designed first as the basic horizontal component of the script, followed by a/if as the basic vertical component.

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Kulliyes life

The mission of kulliye is to provide education for youth in Madrasa (schools) and host lectures for adults at the mosques and lodges of the dervish. In addition, kulliye took care of widows and orphans and provided them with meals, clothes, free Madrasas for young orphans, and insured patients treatment in the healthcare facilities. Kulliyes do not serve only as a space for worship, educational centers, or kitchen, but its significance is highlighted in the social interaction it encourages. They are the intersection point where society from varying income and cultural levels meet, have a role, and exchange services and goods. Moreover, kulliyes are public urban spaces where the sultan, government dignitaries, and rich can fulfill their charities, and help provide structures for the public.

Kulliyes as social interaction catalyst Kulliyes led the progress and growth of cities. The establishment of new neighborhoods and the flourishing around kulliyes, gave the complexes a city center characteristic. All public activities of the society took place in the urban spaces that Kulliyes formed.

In the open courtyards, People met each other and along the greenery took strolls. Fountain edges and sidewalks substituted for sitting areas when public benches were removed under social distancing measures. Inside the Mosque, individuals found more quietness to study and rest. The courtyard of the Mosque served as playground for children to play in safely while parents supervised from the arcades of the courtyard.

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Qibla direction and Kaaba

Qibla: The Qibla is the direction faced during prayer. The direction faced during prayer is the direction of the Kaaba, relative to the person praying.

Philip Hiti, a famous American expert on Islamic issues, used "concentric circles" to compare the wonders of Muslim worship around the world. He said, "When you take a bird's eye view of the Islamic world during worship, you can see such a wonder: A series of concentric circles of worshippers, covering all around the world." The forbidden Kaaba temple is like the center of the circle, No matter where they are in the world, mosques always surround the Kaaba and face the Kaaba.

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Vaulting

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Qubba (dome)

a dome possess significance within the mosque—as a symbolic representation of the vault of heaven.