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💾 ►►► DOWNLOAD FILE 🔥🔥🔥 Share Tweet Share Email Cracking passwords is an important skill to learn if you're into penetration testing. Here's how you can crack hashes on Linux using hashcat. Are you a beginner in the domain of cybersecurity? Do you want to be on its offensive side? As a red teamer, you learn many techniques and tactics that help you perform the cyber kill chain activities. One such task is privilege escalation, where you get hold of password hashes. The article covers this password cracking utility used by penetration testers, system administrators, spies, or hackers to find passwords. What Are Hashes? Hence, it is an irreversible process that does not require a key as in encryption to decipher the hash value. The most common purpose of hashing is to ensure data integrity from tampering during data transmission. The properties of hashing are as follows: Offers fast computation Good algorithms avoid the same output for different inputs They have a deterministic nature Small changes in the input significantly influence the output hash value Why Use hashcat? Ways to Crack Password Hashes Using hashcat hashcat offers a variety of attack modes Combinator, Rule-based, Brute-force guessing, hybrid, and dictionary attacks to provide better coverage. Here is an explanation of some attacks that hashcat uses to crack hashed passwords: Brute-force attack: A brute-force attack utilizes all possible character combinations to determine the exact password. However, it has a limitation of maximum password length and number of characters. Moreover, an advanced level of brute-force attack can also optimize time by making complexity assumptions. For instance, an advanced brute-force technique can assume that the first character is more likely to be upper case and digits are most likely to appear at the end of a password, etc. Dictionary attack: A dictionary attack utilizes a precomputed list of passwords depending on the information gathered around the target or a pattern observed across users. Hence, it takes some most commonly used passwords and adds some permutations to them to increase the scope. Hybrid attack: Hybrid is a combination of the above-discussed attacks, as it checks if the password is "crackable" via a dictionary attack and moves on to the brute-force technique, if not possible. How to Install hashcat on Linux hashcat is available by default in Kali Linux. To install it on Ubuntu and Debian: sudo apt-get update On Fedora, CentOS, and other RHEL-based distros: sudo dnf update To install hashcat on Arch Linux: sudo pacman -Syu Post-installation, use the help command to list all available options: hashcat --help Some hashcat options and their description are as follows: Options.