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① Infinitives(To 부정사) 

ⓐ Infinitives(noun) : My goal is to get across the river / To eat is essential. ⓑ Infinitives(after verbs) : afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, (can’t) bear, beg, begin, care, choose, consent, continue, dare, decide, expect, fail, forget, go on, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, prefer, prepare, pretend, propose, promise, refuse, regret, remember, seem, start, swear, trouble, try, want, wish ex) I can’t afford to send my kids to expensive private schools / We chose to drop by the gas station before we ran out of it / Don’t hesitate to contact me when you have questions.

ⓒ Infinitives(ECM) : ask, want, would like, need, expect, tell, force, get, allow, permit, tempt, invite, love, oblige, persuade, convince, request, trouble, (can’t) bear, forbid, hate, mean, prefer, remind, entice, lead, cause, influence, wish, push, encourage, embolden, nag, beg, recommend, advise, compel, impel, induce, allure, seduce, hypnotize, motivate, incentivize, nudge, order, command, teach, direct, instruct, stimulate, enforce, plead, entreat, implore, brainwash, trigger, pester, bribe, lobby, warn, provoke, caution, inspire, desire, count on, rely on, call on ex) I told them to clean up the room before he comes back / Did they bribe the jury to declare their boss not guilty? / Can I count on you not to do this again? / I’m allowed to kill someone.

ⓓ Infinitives(after adjectives) : please, surprised, anxious, happy, shocked, glad, excited, sorry, afraid, right, careful, stupid, likely, certain, lucky, welcome, afraid, amazed, ashamed, bound, content. delighted, determined, eager. eligible, fortunate, happy, hesitant, liable, proud, ready, reluctant, sad, free, prone, inclined, stated ex) I’m pleased to announce our new product today / He’s eligible to become the successor of the lord / I’m sorry to hear that / Are you ready to get on with your work?

ⓔ Infinitives(after nouns and pronouns) : I told her about my decision to leave / It’s a pleasure to see you again / Is there any milk to put on the cereal? /there’s too much snow to be able to drive. ⓕ Infinitives(after wh-) : I wonder who to invite / I don’t know what to do / I can’t decide whether to answer her letter / Let’s talk about how to push him out of our project. ① Infinitives(purpose) : I went to school to study / I grabbed the gun to defend myself 

② Useful phrasal verbs - Come

ⓐ Come along : His work has been coming along. ⓑ Come between : Don’t let money come between you and your friends. ⓒ Come down : A lot of trees came down in the storm. ⓓ Come from : Where is this sound coming from? ⓔ Come off : She came off as a phony. ⓕ Come on ① If a television or radio program comes on, it starts : What time does the show come on? ② If a light or machine comes on, it starts working : The lights suddenly came on in the theater.

ⓖ Come out ① To become known, especially after being hidden : The truth will come out eventually. ② If a book, movie, etc. comes out, it is available for people to buy or see : The next movie is coming out.

ⓗ Come to : I came to believe he was lying. ⓘ Come up ① If something, especially a problem, come up, it suddenly happens : Something’s come up, so I won’t be able to go with you Thursday. ② To be mentioned or suggested : The subject didn’t come up at the meeting.

ⓙ Come up with : They still haven’t come up with a name for the baby.

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① Question structures   

ⓐ 일반 : Do you eat? / Can they swim? / Have you ever done it? ⓑ WH- : Why are you here? / Where are they? / How much time do you need? ⓒ 일반/WH- + 전치사 : What are you good at? / What did you congratulate him on? ⓓ Do you think / do you suppose : What do you think we should do? Where do you suppose he is?    

② Useful phrasal verbs - Go

ⓐ Go against : Your idea goes against my belief. ⓑ Go ahead  : I think we should go ahead with her idea. ⓒ Go back : We’ll go back to studying after a short break. ⓓ Go down : His popularity is going down. - computer, sun, airplane, ship... ⓔ Go into : I don’t wanna go into politics. ⓕ Go off ① To explode : The bomb went off. ② To make a loud noise : My alarm didn’t go off this morning.

ⓖ Go on ① To continue without stopping or changing : We can’t go on fighting like this? ② To do something new when you have finished something else : Let’s go on to the next topic.

ⓗ Go out ① To leave your house, especially in order to do something : We can’t go on fighting like this? ② To have a romantic relationship with someone : I used to go without him.

ⓘ Go through : She’s just been going through a divorce. ⓙ Go up : My income has been going up. ⓚ Go with ① To be included as part of something : Your phone goes with a high-quality camera. ② To accept someone’s idea or plan : I’ll go with the second pizza.

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① Like / As

ⓐ Like ① Like + noun : He swims well like his father / I want you to go to the school like your brother ② Like + S V(informal) : He did the job like I used to do / Did she hate me like you did? ③ What it is like to V : I don’t know what it is like to be poor / What did he look like? * ‘like’ after negatives I’m not a conservative, like him(= he is a conservative) Like him, I’m not a conservative(= he is not a conservative)    

ⓑ As ① As + noun (function or role) : You gotta be smart as a teacher / As a leader, he’s reponsible for what his group has done. ② As + noun / S V(comparison) : He is as nice as her / Is his car is as expensive as yours? Did she deal with as many customers as I’m doing today? / We like him as much as he helps us ③ As(common ground) : As you know, I’m a good worker / She quit her job as her mother wishes. ④ As(reason) : As I was not up for his plan, I just stayed silent ⑤ As(simultaneous events) : As the bus passes by, I was spaced out so I missed the bus. ⑥ As long as : I’m going to hold on to this job as long as they don’t give me the pink slip/boot. ⑦ As well as : I can do your task as well as mine.     

② Useful phrasal verbs - Take

ⓐ Take after : She takes after her grandpa. ⓑ Take apart : Take the desk apart before packing it. ⓒ Take away : Don’t let him take it away from you. ⓓ Take in ① To let sb or st stay in your house or shelter because s(he) doesn’t have a place to live in : I took in a wildcat last night. ② To notice, understand, and remember things : She can take in all of the information in the blink of an eye.

ⓔ Take off ① To remove something : Take off your shoes before coming in. ② To not go to somewhere for a period of time : We decided to take 6 months off work to study. ③ If an airplane takes off, it rises into the air from the ground: We gotta hurry! The plane is gonna take off soon.

ⓕ Take out : We took out an insurance or cancer ⓖ Take up ① To begin doing a job or activity : They took up basketball to lose weight ② To fill a particular amount of time or space : I don’t wanna take up too much of your time.

ⓗ Take up with : To discuss st with sb, especially a complaint or problem : You should take it up with the police.    

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① Can, Could, Able   

ⓐ Can ① To be able to do something or know how to do something : I can do this / Can he memorize 30 words in 2 min? ② To be allowed to do something : In soccer, you can’t touch the ball with your hands. ③ Used in order to ask someone to do something or give you something, or when you offer or suggest something : Can I get your name? / Can I give you a hand? ④ Used in order to show what is possible or likely : I can be late today / Can they become a doctor?    

ⓑ Could ① Used as the past tense of “can” to say what someone was able to do or was allowed to do in the past : She could control everyone in the company / We could use our corporate credit card to buy things. ② Used in order to say that something is possible or might happen : My boss could fire him / Could the president step down this month? ③ Could have – used in order to say that something was possible in the past, but did not actually happen : It could’ve been worse / Could he have made a different choice? / You could have told me about how finicky he is about sanitation! ④ (spoken) Used in order to make a polite request : Could you do me a solid? / Could I name your baby?    

ⓒ Able ① Having the skill, strength, knowledge, etc. to do something : I’m able to pick up the fruit hanging in the tree / He’s able to deal with it gently ② In a situation in which it is possible for you to do something : Are you able to talk now? / Will you be able to come tomorrow? ③ Application of the word(especially, the past tense) : I was able to call the taxi, but I didn’t / He anticipated her to be able to clear up the questions / He may have been able to save his daughter in the water, but he feared death.    

* The difference between ‘could(ability or allowance)’ and ‘was able to’ is that ‘could’ refers to situations in which you can do something anytime. On the other hand, ‘was able to’ is used when something can be done because the situation you’re in meets the conditions for that to happen or to be done. For example, if you were rich, you ‘could’ buy everything because it’s a static situation. But, if you got money from your mom this time, then you “were able to“ buy everything because the specific condition you’re under is temporary and transient so that it can change.   

② Useful phrasal verbs that help enrich your English conversation

ⓐ Pick up 1. To lift something or someone up : Could you pick up the coin on the ground? 2. To go somewhere, usually in a vehicle, in order to get something or someone : I went to the airport this morning to pick up my mom. 3. To buy something : I’m going to the mall to pick up some milk and a power tap. 4. To increase or get faster : The acquittal of the CEO of the company will pick up the price of their stocks. 5. To learn something without much effort by watching or listening to other people : I picked up the magic trick when I was working with him. 6. To get an illness from someone, or to become sick : He picked up a cold during his vacation. 7. To notice smell, or hear something, especially when this is difficult : Did you pick up the smell of something burning? 8. If a machine picks up a sound, movement, or signal, it is able to notice it or receive it : I can’t pick up the wifi. 9. To talk to someone you do not know because you want to have sex with him/her : He’s such a womanizer that he always goes to club at night and tries to pick up girls. 10. To begin a conversation, meeting, etc. again, starting from the point where it stopped earlier : Let’s pick up where we left off after lunch. ⓑ Deal / cope with(=handle) : I can deal with the problem / The hardest part of being a good banker is to have to deal with cranky clients. ⓒ Depend / rely / rest / hinge on(turn to / run to) : It depends / we rely on his power. ⓓ Go with : I’d like to go with sandwich this time / Then, let’s go with his idea for the presentation. ⓔ Stick to / with : You gotta stick to your brother until I come back / Stick to the plan, any behaviors that run counter to our rules won’t be forgiven! ⓕ Point out : She pointed out the problem lies with me after all. ⓖ Bring up : Why do you keep bringing up irrelevant topics? / It hard to bring up your kids right / The explosion of the factory will significantly bring up the overall costs of production. ⓗ Get together : We got together and drank some soju. ⓘ Screw up : I screwed up my exam today. 

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① Too-to, So that, Such that, enough, worth

ⓐ Too adj. to V ① Too~ to V : These pants are too small (to wear) / He is too short to pick up the friut hanging in the tree. ② Too~ for sb to V : This question is too hard for my daughter to solve / It is too cold outside for us to hang out.

ⓑ So that ① So adj. that S + V : My name is so long that people easily forget it / He loves her so much that he calls her 3 times every morning ② S + V so (that) S + V : People hated him so that he had to leave the group. / I started a car so that it is warm by the time we all get into the car.    

ⓒ Such a noun that He is such a good guy that everyone likes him / They’re such a bastard that my mother kept me way from them.    

ⓓ Enough to V ① Enough + noun : He thought he wasn’t given enough time to finish his work / Why don’t you have enough money to register for the course when you won big bucks from the betting? ② Adj. enough : My computer is good enough for me to play games I’m pond of / She is pretty enough to be a model. ③ Enough itself : Do you have enough to eat at home? / We got enough to share with you.    

ⓔ Worth + Ving ① A noun is worth Ving : The movie is worth watching / Their game is worth betting your money on / * It is worth my time. ② It is worth Ving : It is worth watching the movie / Why do you think it is worth donating blood? / * It is worth my money to borrow books from the library.    

② Useful verbs that help enrich your English conversation

ⓐ Suspect / Doubt He suspects that I went to the club / She doubts that I didn’t go to the club. The workers are suspected to have faked the numbers on the account book / “I’m totally through with her” “I doubt that” ⓑ Praise / Compliment : My teacher praised me for what I did / What did they praise you for? Everyone who has ever seen her compliments her on her beauty / We all complimented the new worker on her ability. ⓒ Focus / Concentrate Let’s focus on this part / We gotta focus our effort on boosting the staggering economy. The money is concentrated on the trade department. You should concentrate on our main topic. ⓓ Fill : A cup filled with water / Let’s fill the empty room with some furniture! ⓔ Accuse Why are you accusing me of having not come here yesterday when I could? The politician is accused of siphoning off profits into his own hidden account. ⓕ Blame My girlfriend blamed me for standing her up last night / Who should we blame for obesity problem? We blamed the accident on them / Why does she blame it on me? ⓖ Attribute They attributed their success to luck / The progress of the technology is attributed to an unknown scientist who wishes to remain unidentified. ⓗ Remind This picture reminds me of when I was young as you are now / I just want to remind you of what should be done by the end of the day ⓘ Transfer I’ll transfer the money to your account sometime soon / I had to transfer to another school because of bullying / Take the subway nearby, go to Sadang and transfer to the line number 4.