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The Guaranteed Ways to Increase Milk Production in Cows

The Guaranteed Ways to Increase Milk Production in Cows

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If you’re a dairy farmer, you’d certainly know that your income is directly proportional to the milk production at your farm. More the quantity and richer the quality of milk, the more profitable returns you get. However, it is not as easy as it sounds.

Milk production depends considerably on the type and breed of farm animals you foster. The quality of milk produced by your cattle is largely affected by what it eats, how it is fed, and the practices followed to nurture it. Perhaps, also how well you capitalize a milk software to manage your dairy animals just in case you’ve deployed it at your farm.

A clean, hygienic environment is equally critical to high milk yield. Animals are susceptible to diseases if they live in a dirty, dilapidated environment unsuitable for their overall sustenance including health, breeding, calving, and lactation. Besides, the kind of dairy equipment you use for milking and the sanitation procedures you follow before and post milking need equal attention. All these factors play a similarly crucial role in determining the standard of milk output of your cattle.

The milk industry solely depends on milk produced by these animals. Creating a proper shelter, selecting the right feed & feeding methods, uncontaminated water, clean & warm bedding, and regular veterinary services ensure increased milk yield, thus increased income. However, one important factor that directly affects the milk production of your animals is feed.

The dairy animals require a balanced diet containing desirable amounts of nutrients for high milk production and good health. Also, these animals must be kept hydrated by supplying enough drinking water to them. A few tips on feeding, if well taken, can definitely assure a good health to the cows, hence, a boosted milk output.

Fibers

Napier, a fodder grass is used to feed the cattle as it provides significant energy for body upkeep, growth, calving, and milk production. Such fodder grasses comprise of a considerable amount of roughage which improves digestion and increases the level of fat in milk. You can also provide energy supplements like maize, wheat germ, and molasses to the animals. While feeding Napier grass to your cows, ensure they’re at least 3ft tall as they contain less water compared to the shorter ones. Otherwise, the cows might fall short of adequate nutrients which is undesirable.

Proteins

Protein is an essential component in a cow’s diet as it helps in building a strong body and produce quality milk with high fat content. It helps in breaking down the fibers into nutrients inside the rumen (the first stomach of a ruminant).

The farmers must ensure that enough protein supplements are provided to the cows in the absence of forage. The deficiency of protein components leads to poor body growth, less milk with less fat, weight loss, and delayed maturity.

Legumes and grasses like white clover, lucerne, and bean straw are good sources of protein while corn gluten meal, canola meal, malt sprouts, soybeans, etc. are excellent supplements to the natural protein.

Minerals and Vitamins  

Mineral licks are equally essential for overall body functioning. Minerals like calcium, phosphorous, potassium, etc. play catalyzers to producing good milk and efficient organ functioning. The pregnant heifers, especially, must be well taken care of as they require more minerals than the non-pregnant cows. These minerals help in tissue and bone development of the new-born calf. As far as vitamins are considered, they are not produced naturally within a cow’s body. Essential vitamins like A, D, and E must be supplied explicitly through supplements in the diet to overcome the deficit.

Water

Providing ample supply of drinking water to your cows is equally important as what they eat, especially during the harsh summers when there’s scarcity of water. Keeping the cows hydrated by providing plenty of potable water sources helps them in the digestion of food, maintaining desired body temperature, and produce more milk.

The Final Word

Dairy farming is a profitable business, provided it is regularly invested with adequate resources and capital. It requires cultivating a land to grow fodder and grasses for livestock, developing shelter for them, creating storage areas to preserve water and feed, and frequent veterinarian visits to your farm. The dairy farming requires considerable efforts, however, with the use of latest technology and dairy software, one can ensure copious milk produce and income. Happy milking!

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Iran’s dairy products export sees remarkable growth

Iran’s dairy products export sees remarkable growth

TEHRAN, Aug. 27 (Xinhua) — Iran exported about 153,000 tons of dairy products worth 264 million U.S. dollars during the first four months of the current Iranian calendar year, March 21-July 22, Financial Tribune daily reported on Sunday.

The data shows a 3 percent rise in weight and a 28 percent growth in value year on year.

In the past year, Iran exported 404,000 tons of dairy products valued at 773 million dollars.

Among the exported products, yogurt topped the list with 218 million dollars, followed by cheese with 187 million dollars, infant formula with 129 million dollars, cream and ice cream with 120 million dollars.

Dairy products comprised the biggest share in Iran’s food exports last year.

“Iran is targeting dairy exports worth one billion dollars in the current calendar year (March 2017-18),” Agriculture Minister Mahmoud Hojjati said.

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In light of Kwality's woes, how did Indian dairy majors fare in the past 5 years?

In light of Kwality’s woes, how did Indian dairy majors fare in the past 5 years?

Moneycontrol analyzed the fundamental parameters of some of India’s most renowned dairy companies over a five-year period to determine the best performers across a series of financial variables.

Kwality, one of India’s most well-known dairy companies, hit the lower circuit on two consecutive trading days earlier this week, thus triggering pandemonium amongst its investors. On the back of subsequent clarifications issued by the company’s management in this regard, wherein no facts/events were attributed to such a drastic downfall, the stock not only recovered from yesterday’s unexpected intra-day 20 percent correction, but also gained 6 percent by end of the session, and seems to be doing well.

In the wake of this hullabaloo, we analyzed the fundamental parameters of India’s dairy majors over a five-year period to determine the best performers across a series of financial variables.

Here’s what our study suggests:-

Sales slowdown pan-industry As seen in the exhibit below, almost all players witnessed a decline in the rate of top-line growth from a year on year perspective. Hatsun Agro, however, managed to swim against the wave by posting a robust set of revenues every year.

Best Operating Margins Kwality’s and Hatsun Agro’s margins recorded an uptick over the years, barring a minor blip in FY15 in case of the latter. EBITDA margins of other companies were subject to erratic fluctuations when looked at from an overall standpoint.

The most consistent bottom-line performer Kwality’s profits, unlike others, grew steadily every year. Additionally, the degree of volatility in its profit after tax (PAT) margins was also the least.

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Debt-equity synopsis Though all companies in the dairy space have been gradually decreasing their dependence on borrowed funds for operations, the likes of Hatsun Agro and Kwality need significant and noticeable improvement on this front in comparison to their peers.

With GST now underway, unorganised entities, which comprise a significant chunk of India’s dairy industry, are likely to lose out on their pricing advantage to organised counterparts over a period of time.

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Given the inelastic demand for dairy products across the breadth and depth of the country, the sector as a whole is poised to grow well going forward. Nonetheless, how things pan out for each of the above companies in due course remains to be seen.

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Zero duty to hit Indian dairy industry: Amul

Zero duty to hit Indian dairy industry: Amul

‘15 cr. farmers will be impacted by FTA’

The Indian dairy sector, providing livelihood to 15 crore farmers, would be severely hit if import duties on milk and milk products were eliminated under any Free Trade Agreement (FTA) including the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), according to the local dairy cooperative Amul.

Separately, farmers’ organisations have threatened to hold nationwide protests if the dairy sector is opened up under the RCEP — the proposed mega-regional FTA involving 16 Asia Pacific nations including India — or any other FTA including those proposed separately with Australia and New Zealand.

Risk of cheaper imports

Jayen Mehta, senior general manager, GCMMF Ltd. (Amul), who participated in a stakeholders meeting with officials negotiating the RCEP agreement here, told The Hindu that it was important for India to ensure that duties on all Indian dairy products were not eliminated or reduced under the FTA, as cheaper imports risked threatening local farmers’ incomes from dairy.

Significantly, Mr. Mehta pointed out that as against 15 crore dairy farmers in India, there were only 12,000 of them in New Zealand and 6,300 in Australia.

‘Duty offers protection’

Currently, the duty on milk and milk products ranges from 40% to 60%, which gives the local industry enough protection to build its competitiveness.

However, if the duty is drastically reduced or eliminated under any FTA, the local industry would find it difficult to compete against producers, particularly from RCEP members like Australia and New Zealand — which control more than 35% of the global dairy trade and in excess of 50% of the intra-RCEP trade, Mr. Mehta said.

Yogendra Yadav of Swaraj Abhiyan and All India Kisan Sangharsh Coordination Committee, said, “Any attempt to open up our milk market to international trade under an FTA shall be resisted by all farmers’ organisations, and we will hold nationwide protests.”

However, New Zealand, out of its annual milk production of 22 million metric tonnes (MMT), exports 19 MMT (or 86% of the produce). Similarly, Australia, of its production of 15 MMT, exports four MMT (or 26% of the production).

Mr. Mehta said India, on the other hand, is the world’s largest milk producer with 156 MMT of the item produced annually. However, since there is a huge domestic demand for milk and milk products, exports of these items from India is negligible (about 0.5 MMT or 0.3% of the production), he said. While New Zealand controls 25% of the global dairy trade and Australia around 5%, India’s share is negligible, he added.

However, the Indian farmer has the highest share of consumer price (around 71%) — or, what the farmer gets as percentage of what consumers spend on milk and milk products — as against Australia (25%) and New Zealand (33%), Mr. Mehta said. He said Amul — owned by farmers and managed by professionals — ensures that 80-86% of the consumer-spend goes back to its dairy farmers.

Further, most RCEP countries have a highly restrictive regime on dairy products — either high import duties or cumbersome procedures with certification and inspection requirements. He said though China is the world’s largest dairy importer, it does not allow Indian dairy imports. Similarly, Indonesia, another RCEP member, does not allow Indian dairy imports stating that India is a Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)-affected country, he pointed out, adding that Australia too classifies India as an FMD-hit nation and restricts Indian dairy imports. New Zealand’s requirement of several veterinary documentation on dairy products also prevents Indian exports to that nation, he said.

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FSDA uncovers major synthetic milk racket; urea detergent used for production

FSDA uncovers major synthetic milk racket; urea detergent used for production

AGRA: The Food Safety and Drug Administration (FSDA) department has uncovered a major synthetic milk racket in which the accused were working in connivance with officials from the department and were using adulterants like hydrogen peroxide, detergent and urea for production.

FSDA, district administration and police had conducted a raid at three houses in Kukhreliya village under Barhan police station on May 25. The team had seized adulterants in large quantities and had caught a woman manufacturing synthetic milk. She was arrested and an FIR was registered against five people.

Soon after, four samples of milk were sent to the food testing laboratory in Lucknow, but the authorities there had stated that the samples were substandard and were hence unfit for testing. FSDA assistant commissioner Vineet Kumar, who headed the raid, had raised an objection to the Lucknow laboratory’s report and had sought permission from the higher authorities to get the remaining samples tested at a laboratory in Kolkata.

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The samples were found to be unfit for human consumption as they contained hydrogen peroxide, detergent and urea among other adulterants. On this basis of the Kolkata laboratory’s report, Kumar had sought action against not only the accused, but also against the departmental officials involved in the matter. “At the time of the raid, we had destroyed more than 2000 litres of synthetic milk. Besides, around 67 litres of refined soyabean oil, 22 kg of vanaspati, two litres of liquid detergent, 72 kg of glucose powder, 34 kg of skimmed milk powder, 325 litres of an unidentified chemical, 35 kg of viscous paste and 56 litres of refined palm oil were also seized,” Kumar said.

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He added, “As the racket involved some well-connected people, I had kept senior officials in the loop. After the samples were found to be substandard, several fraudulent complaints were also made against me at the headquarters. The Kolkata report proves that there is a nexus and some of our officials are involved in corruption.”

Kumar said that he has formed a special squad to deal with such cases. “The team first gathers enough evidence before conducting a raid,” he said.

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Sources said that remote areas like Dauki, Kheragarh and Barhan are huge markets for adulterated milk and are also a stronghold of the milk mafia.

As per an official estimate, the daily requirement of milk in Agra district is around 12 lakh litres and around 25% of it is fulfilled by adulterated products. In terms of supply, the share of packaged milk in 40% and that of open milk is 60%. According to sources, adulterers add synthetic milk to open milk after which its cost goes down by at least Rs 20 per litre.

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Expansion of Probiotics Facility

Expansion of Probiotics Facility Strengthens DuPont’s Position as Leader in Probiotics Production

New enhancements increase capability for rapidly developing and commercializing new probiotics with decreased time to market

DuPont Nutrition & Health (DuPont) has announced a substantial upgrade to its probiotics pilot facility in Madison, Wisconsin. The $10 million investment strengthens and emboldens DuPont’s current impressive position as a leader in the probiotics industry, allowing for increased pace of new product development and significantly improved delivery times on pilot material for clinical trials and customer evaluations.

Construction on the Madison probiotics pilot area, completed in phases over the last six months, provides increased capacity and speed for new product development. This in turn improves overall scale up capability and a more seamless transition to commercial scale production.

“Given the explosive rise in demand for probiotics products all around the globe, this project allows us to aggressively pursue our goal to be the No. 1 probiotics supplier in the world,” said DuPont Nutrition & Health President Matthias Heinzel. “These expansion efforts show our commitment to becoming bigger and stronger with our capability to meet demand, and our facilities, and qualified staff to handle the significant growth we foresee in this sector.”

The pilot area features new, state-of-the-art equipment, data collection, laboratories, instrumentation and specialized work space for probiotic development and scale up. The upgrades that quadrupled the pilot area have already increased bandwidth to simultaneously run more development projects while improving scale up efficiency and time to market.

“With all the enhancements, we are better able to meet customer demand for new probiotics at a much faster pace,” said Kurt Fenster, BioProcess Development group manager, Culture Manufacturing Technology at DuPont Nutrition & Health. “Moving forward, we expect to substantially increase our speed to deliver products to customers.”

DuPont Nutrition & Health combines in-depth knowledge of food and nutrition with current research and expert science to deliver unmatched value to the food, beverage and dietary supplement industries. We are innovative solvers, drawing on deep consumer insights and a broad product portfolio to help our customers turn challenges into high-value business opportunities. More information is available at www.food.dupont.com

DuPont (NYSE: DD) has been bringing world-class science and engineering to the global marketplace in the form of innovative products, materials and services since 1802. The company believes that by collaborating with customers, governments, NGOs, and thought leaders we can help find solutions to such global challenges as providing enough healthy food for people everywhere, decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, and protecting life and the environment. For additional information about DuPont and its commitment to inclusive innovation, please visit http://www.dupont.com

Merger of Equals On August 4, 2017, DuPont and The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) announced that all required regulatory approvals and clearances had been received in connection with the proposed merger of equals pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, as amended on March 31, 2017, (the “Merger Agreement”) under which the companies will combine in an all-stock merger (the “Merger Transaction.”) Dow and DuPont have agreed in writing that the closing conditions have been satisfied and that the Merger Transaction will close on August 31, 2017.

Certain regulatory approvals and clearances were granted based on the companies fulfilling their commitments to divest certain assets, among other conditions, (the “Conditional Commitments”). In connection with the Conditional Commitments, DuPont entered into a definitive agreement (the “FMC Transaction Agreement”) with FMC Corporation (FMC). Under the FMC Transaction Agreement subject to the closing of the Merger Transaction in addition to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approval, FMC will acquire certain Crop Protection business and R&D assets from DuPont and DuPont has agreed to acquire certain assets relating to FMC’s Health and Nutrition segment, (collectively, the “FMC Transactions”). DuPont and Dow intend, following consummation of the Merger Transaction, that the combined company, DowDuPont Inc., will pursue, subject to the receipt of approval by the board of directors of DowDuPont, the separation of the combined company’s agriculture business, specialty products business, and materials science business through a series of tax-efficient transactions (collectively, the “Intended Business Separations”).

For more information, please see DuPont’s latest annual, quarterly and current reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, as well as the joint proxy/prospectus included in the Dow DuPont Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed in connection with the Merger Transaction.

Forward-Looking Statements

This document contains forward-looking statements which may be identified by their use of words like “plans,” “expects,” “will,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or other words of similar meaning. All statements that address expectations or projections about the future, including statements about the company’s strategy for growth, product development, regulatory approval, market position, anticipated benefits of recent acquisitions, timing of anticipated benefits from restructuring actions, outcome of contingencies, such as litigation and environmental matters, expenditures, financial results and timing of, as well as expected benefits, including synergies, from the Merger Transaction and the Intended Business Separations, are forward-looking statements. These and other forward-looking statements, including the failure to consummate the Merger Transaction, the Intended Business Separations, the FMC Transactions or the Conditional Commitments, to make or take any filing or other action required to consummate such transactions in a timely manner or at all, are not guarantees of future results and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are based on certain assumptions and expectations of future events which may not be realized.

Forward-looking statements also involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the company’s control. Some of the important factors that could cause the company’s actual results to differ materially from those projected in any such forward-looking statements are: fluctuations in energy and raw material prices; failure to develop and market new products and optimally manage product life cycles; ability to respond to market acceptance, rules, regulations and policies affecting products based on biotechnology and, in general, for products for the agriculture industry; outcome of significant litigation and environmental matters, including realization of associated indemnification assets, if any; failure to appropriately manage process safety and product stewardship issues; changes in laws and regulations or political conditions; global economic and capital markets conditions, such as inflation, interest and currency exchange rates; business or supply disruptions; security threats, such as acts of sabotage, terrorism or war, natural disasters and weather events and patterns which could affect demand as well as availability of products for the agriculture industry; ability to protect and enforce the company’s intellectual property rights; successful integration of acquired businesses and separation of underperforming or non-strategic assets or businesses; and risks related to the Merger Transaction, the Intended Business Separations, the FMC Transactions and the Conditional Commitments. These risks, as well as other risks associated with the Merger Transaction, the Intended Business Separations, the FMC Transactions and the Conditional Commitments, are or will be more fully discussed in

(1) DuPont’s most recently filed Form 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K reports,

(2) DuPont’s subsequently filed Form 10-K and 10-Q reports and

(3) the joint proxy statement/prospectus included in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC about the Merger Transaction. Unlisted factors may present significant additional obstacles to the realization of forward-looking statements.

Consequences of material differences in results as compared with those anticipated in the forward-looking statements could include, among other things, business disruption, operational problems, monetary loss, legal liability to third parties and similar risks, any of which could have a material adverse effect on DuPont’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, credit rating or liquidity.

The company assumes no obligation to publicly provide revisions or updates to any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future developments or otherwise, should circumstances change, except as otherwise required by securities and other applicable laws.

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largest producer of milk in the world, the Indian dairy

largest producer of milk in the world, the #Indian #dairy

  As the largest producer of milk in the world, the #Indian #dairy market is amongst the largest and fastest growing markets in the world. pic.twitter.com/cOIs2N0Pk1

— World Food India (@worldfoodindia) August 13, 2017

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Know about the revolution that gave 'rivers of milk' in the country!

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She decided to paddle her own canoe to set up a dairy farming business

Woman Knocks Down 50 Lakhs Out of Milking

She decided to paddle her own canoe to set up a dairy farming business. While making a headway in the male dominated field, today, she has achieved what merely remains a dream for the rest. And she stands an inspiration to the women who certainly knows to pull out all the stops to get her milk business on the top.

Sajjanben Patel is a milk producer from Dhakha village located in Dhanera town of Banaskantha district. And she grosses an annual income of Rs. 50-60 lakhs out of dairy farming. Sajjanben (45) is neither a renowned business bigwig nor a high-level official, but an ordinary cattle keeper who supplies 400 liters of milk every day at the local dairy society while making half a crore yearly.

She belongs to the topmost group of cattle keepers of Asia’s largest dairy Banaskantha. Sajjanben owns over 100 milch animals at her dairy farm. As she belongs to the Marwadi Patel caste, she cannot move out of her home due to several restrictions imposed by the caste on women. But she regularly helps her husband in farming. However, owing to the support from dairy as well as her own determination, she included more milch animals at her farm.

Earlier, she used to own 2-4 animals, but after earning good returns from milking she emphasized on cattle keeping. Prior to owning a dairy farm, Sajjanben’s family lived on the earnings generated through crop farming. Gradually, their lifestyle improved as their income from milking increased.

She has been conferred various accolades and medals from Banas dairy and the government, which has brought pride to her and her family.

Sajjanben’s husband Sendhabhai says that she manages and takes care of the cattle on her own. She wakes up early in the morning, feeds the cattle with nutritional fodder and takes the animals for grazing in a farmland. Now, the entire family has shifted on to dairy farming due to a surge in the profits. They implement modern milking machines to milk their cattle.

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Nagabhai, the secretary of milk society, said, “Dhakha village has achieved fame across entire Banaskantha due to Sajjanben. A lot of people visit the village to learn about her the cattle keeping occupation that she has developed over these years. The villagers too feel proud of her accomplishments.” “Sajjanben has also formed a women dairy cooperative society by involving the woman of her society. Dhaka village cooperative society has found a prominent place due to the continued efforts of Sajjanben.” Says Nagabhai while signing off.

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What things are used in adulteration of cow's milk?

ALERT! : ITS SHAMPOO WE DRINK, NOT MILK! SHOCKING REPORTS!

Answer by Rahul Patel, works at Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

Here I share Shocking news articles about Adulterated Milk? Well that’s not even Milk.

Hello parents! I am going to take an apple and dry it. Then I mash it into ‘apple’ powder. After a few months I add water and chemicals to it, shape it and sell it to you as a fresh pure apple. Will you buy it for your children to eat?

No? Why not? You do it everyday with milk.

The government brings out yearly statistics on fake milk, and even when their own studies done by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) show that more than 75% is not milk at all but urea, water, caustic soda, paint, sugar, detergent Hydrogen Peroxide, starch, glucose, salt, Skimmed Milk Powder (SMP) and vegetable fat, they still will take no action on the producers.

Let us presume that you buy government milk packets thinking that the government could not be cheating its own people. But when the government allows corruption in every field, why not milk? Today a major part of the milk in the packets is not the primary product of a cow or buffalo but reconstituted from powder.

Here is a report done by Harish Damodaran, an award winning journalist who has specialized in agri-business and commodities coverage: ‘ Nowhere is this more apparent than in the national Capital itself, where the market leader, Mother Dairy India Ltd, consumes an estimated 20,000 tonnes of skimmed milk powder (SMP) annually or 55 tonnes daily. That translates into six lakh litres per day (LLPD) of milk or roughly 30 per cent of the 20-22 LLPD that Mother Dairy sells on an average in Delhi. The proportion of reconstituted milk to the total throughout rises to 50 % during summer months.’

According to the milk producers, real milk is put aside in the winter months and turned into powder which is then mixed back into the milk whenever real milk runs short – which seems to be everyday.

The Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) and owner of Mother Dairy says that it supplies ‘pure’ milk in the whole of Gujarat, Mumbai, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh (this is disproved for Delhi by the quantity of milk powder being bought). But in areas like West Bengal where all the cows have been killed or sent to Bangladesh (as in Kerala or the Northeast), there is no fresh milk available. There is a limit to the milk that can be sent by rail from Gujarat to Kolkata (and this milk will have chemicals like urea added to it so that it does not curdle on the way) so a large proportion of the so called pure milk has to be reconstituted milk.

Even in the states where there is milk, milk powder is added by private cooperatives and dairies. Why is this done? The Prevention of Food Adulteration rules stipulate a minimum 8.5 % Solids-Not-Fat (SNF) content for toned milk and 9 per cent in double-toned milk. If a dairy adds water then, to bring up the milk to the regulation standard, skimmed milk powder is added.

According to the government, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana have crores of milk producing cattle and are the top milk producers of the country. So why is most of the milk here either completely fake or made of milk powder? Could it be that the government is simply faking cattle figures? There is no real milk, because there are no cows or buffaloes. They have all disappeared into illegal meat and leather slaughterhouses.

Why is milk not being labelled as ‘reconstituted’. Why is it still allowed to be called pure? In every other country including China, all dairy companies that are marketing reconstituted milk have to put this on their label. If this were done in India, there would be a sharp fall in the sale, and milk consumers would then demand fresh milk themselves. This would impact the illegal meat export that the government encourages. Therefore. the Ministry for Consumer Affairs will not do so.

Just to remind you: The National Survey on Milk Adulteration 2011 was conducted to check contaminants in milk throughout India. Most states failed the tests. Five states were found to be 100 % non-conforming to the milk standards set by the FSSAI. 14 % of the samples had detergent in them – in Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal and Odisha. 70% of Delhi milk samples failed the FSSAI standards.

46% milk was found diluted with water. Of 1791 samples, skimmed milk powder was present in nearly 548 samples and 477 samples contained glucose.

The report appeared on January 10th 2013. The FSSAI were summoned and told to repair the damage they had done by releasing these shocking truths. So they are now busy issuing ‘clarifications.’

First they issued a press release stating that ‘non conforming’ did not mean that it was ‘unsafe for consumption’. The milk may be of ‘sub standard’ quality but ‘not necessarily’ unsafe. In short: The milk may be rubbish but not everyone dies from drinking it so it can continue to be sold. The FSSAI officials have clarified that adding water to milk is only bad if ‘the water which has possibly been added is contaminated.’ So, it is not bad to cheat the customer by adding water to an expensive product which is sold by weight – it is OK if the adulterant is clean.

Regarding reconstituted milk made from skimmed milk powder, instead of banning the practice, the FSSAI has said that a circular will be issued to big dairy houses to brand the milk right. The circular has not been issued till today.

Regarding the presence of formalin or formaldehyde, (a chemical used for preserving dead bodies and to increase the shelf life of milk when it is being transported), it is illegal in food and is a carcinogen. The FSSAI says ‘That is allowed for preservation. Maybe where we detected it they must have put it in larger quantities.’

Regarding the detergents found in milk, the FSSAI says that this is because the handlers of milk have not washed out the detergents, used to clean hands and vessels. before handling the milk! It is a known fact that detergent is used to make synthetic milk to increase the thickness and viscosity of the milk. A study done by the Indian Council of Medical Research states that detergents in milk cause food poisoning and gastrointestinal complications.

Now the FSSAI says it can’t do anything about making milk pure- it has to be done by the states. The states refuse to take any action saying that they have not seen the report (which was published on the front page of every paper across India). Bihar’s milk was found to be 100% contaminated but the state Food Safety Authority maintains that ‘We have no idea where they collected the samples from. Once the report is shared with us, we will collect the samples, test it in our labs and then take appropriate action on whether the license has to be revoked or not.’ This is six months after the report. (In any case the department has only 23 officers to man the food quality of the entire state.)

The Delhi Food Safety Authority has the same reaction. They agree that ‘The samples were found to contain skimmed milk powder. But this is not hazardous to health, its just reconstituted milk.’ Delhi has an estimated daily demand of 70 lakh liters of milk, about 90% is supplied by brands. Neutralisers like Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide, Ammonia, Carbon Trioxide (carbonate) and other alkalis are used to correct and optimise the pH value of un-fresh milk so that they appear to be fresh milk. Obviously they would be a necessary component in reconstituted milk, which is what 50% of Delhi’s milk is in summer.

The FSSAI refuses to send their report officially to any state or even to the Indian Dairy Association! So the states have an excuse to ignore it. Even if they got them, most of the state testing laboratories are either defunct or ill equipped.

This belief that we are the world’s number one milk producer is misplaced. We are the number one fake milk producer in the world. And the only way you can stop this and protect your children is by totally stopping the purchase of this dangerous product.

– by Menaka Gandhi – www.mathrubhumi.com

milk safety in india

Another Article from Reuters

Indians may think twice before gulping down a glass of milk after the country’s food safety regulator found most samples collected in a survey were either diluted or adulterated with products including fertilizer, bleach and detergent.

The study, conducted this month by the food safety and standards authority of India, found milk was adulterated with skimmed milk powder and glucose, or more shockingly hydrogen peroxide, urea and detergent.

Hydrogen peroxide is used in bleach, while urea is commonly used in fertilizer.

“Consumption of milk with detergent may cause health hazards and indicates lack of hygiene and sanitation in the milk handling,” the regulator said in a report.

“Addition of water not only reduces the nutritional value of milk but contaminated water may also pose health risks.”

A health ministry official declined to comment on the report.

India has long struggled with adulteration of food and milk by unscrupulous traders. Almost 70 percent of the 1,791 samples taken nationwide were contaminated or watered down, according to the report.

Out of 33 Indian states, non-fat adulterants were found in all the milk samples from West Bengal, Orissa and Jharkhand. This adds to concern about West Bengal’s faltering health and safety standards. In December, an adulterated batch of bootleg liquor killed at least 125 drinkers in the eastern state.

The deaths came a few days after a hospital fire killed 93 people in the state’s capital Kolkata.

New Delhi fared worse than most states, with as many as 70 percent of the samples tainted. The western state of Goa and eastern state of Puducherry conformed to the standards, with no indication of adulteration in their milk.

– By Annie Banerji

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Tender for Sale of Dudhmansagar Dairy, Manesar

Tender for Sale of Dudhmansagar Dairy, Manesar

Mehsana District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union Limited, popularly known and herein after named Dudhsagar Dairy, Mehsana, one of the largest co-operative dairy in India, is manufacturing its products under the brand name of “Amul” and “Sagar”. During the financial year 2016-17, Dudhsagar Dairy have registered a sales turnover of Rs.4500 Crores.

Mehsana District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited was registered as a Co-operative Society on 8th November 1960 under the Mumbai Co-operative Societies Act, 1925, then effective and currently, governed by the Gujarat State Co-operative Societies Act, 1960.

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The Dudhmansagar Dairy, was established by Dudhsagar Dairy in the year 2005 in Manesar near Delhi with an initial milk processing capacity of 3.00 LLPD (lakh liters per day). Presently this dairy is having a processing capacity of 12 LLPD to produce many varieties and packs of milk products to include pouch milk, ice-cream, dahi and UHT milk. The produces are presently sold to cater mainly the markets in and around Delhi and NCR. At present Delhi and NCR together has a market potential for packaged milk of about 100 lakh liters per day.

Till 2012, Dudhmansagar Dairy was growing at around 25% year on year. Considering the increasing demand of milk in the markets of Delhi and NCR, Dudhsagar Dairy established another dairy named Dudhmotisagar Dairy in Dharuhera, Haryana with a capacity 30 LLPD. Both the Dairies in Haryana are thus strategically placed.

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Dudhmansagar Dairy, Manesar, situated at: Plot 26 D, Sector – 3, IMT Manesar, Gurugram – 122 051, Haryana is being well maintained and currently running very efficiently. This Dairy is having capacities for milk processing and manufacturing of different milk products as under Tender Document for sale of the Dudhmansagar Dairy Plant

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Cows produce powerful HIV antibodies

Cows produce powerful HIV antibodies

In a first, researchers elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies against the virus in an animal

An unlikely hero has emerged in the quest to fight HIV: the cow. In a first for any animal, including humans, four cows injected with a type of HIV protein rapidly produced powerful antibodies against the virus, researchers report. Learning how to induce similar antibodies in humans may be key to a successful HIV vaccine.

The antibodies, called broadly neutralizing antibodies, can stop infection from a variety of HIV types. The cows generated these antibodies as soon as 42 days after immunization, the researchers report online July 20 in Nature. For the small percentage of people estimated to develop these antibodies after a natural infection, it can take several years.

The work identifies “a new and much more efficient method to generate broadly active antibodies against HIV,” says immunologist Justin Bailey of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study.

Making an HIV vaccine has proved difficult because the virus changes all the time. Different strains exist throughout the world, and the virus even mutates within an infected person’s body. Most often, people develop antibodies that are specific to one strain but ineffective against others. HIV vaccines tested so far have not led to the production of broadly neutralizing antibodies.

About 1 percent of HIV-infected people eventually generate broadly neutralizing antibodies that are especially potent and effective against many types of HIV. The development of these antibodies doesn’t seem to help infected people. But when given to monkeys before exposure to a virus similar to HIV, the antibodies prevent infection.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies specific to HIV have a few quirky features, one of which is the presence of a long stretch of amino acids that sticks out from the antibody surface. This protruding part of the antibody binds to a viral site that remains the same between strains, because the virus needs it to gain entry to a cell. HIV’s thick coat of surface sugars makes the viral binding site difficult to access. A longer stretch of amino acids seems to be able to pierce through “and reach in, almost like the long arm of the law,” says Vaughn Smider, a molecular immunologist at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, Calif.

In people infected with HIV who develop broadly neutralizing antibodies, this antibody region — called HCDR3 — has about 30 amino acids, about twice as long as what is usual for human antibodies. Although on the long side for a human, “that’s actually kind of short for a cow,” Smider says.

And so the idea to immunize cows was born. Since cows naturally make longer HCDR3s, Smider explains, perhaps they’d have this sought-after response to HIV.

Smider and colleagues took serum — blood with the cells removed, leaving antibodies behind — from four immunized cows and tested it against different types of HIV virus in a test tube. All of the cows developed broadly neutralizing antibodies. The researchers then tested one cow’s antibodies on an even larger number of virus types. After 381 days, this cow’s antibodies prevented 96 percent of the 117 HIV types from infecting cells in a lab dish. The researchers also isolated an antibody from this cow that had a long HCDR3 of 60 amino acids and stopped infection by 72 percent of the HIV types.

If researchers could induce antibodies with long HCDR3s in humans, “then that could be the basis of getting a vaccine to work,” Smider says. “You need a step before the immunization that helps expand the rare antibodies.”

Since cows are so good at making broadly neutralizing antibodies, it also might be possible to turn the cow’s handiwork into drugs for HIV treatment, if bovine antibodies are effective at stopping the virus in other animals, he says.

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DuPont Nutrition & Health Honors 2017 Science Excellence Medalists

DuPont Nutrition & Health Honors 2017 Science Excellence Medalists

Research into the Role of Human Health and Nutrition a Key Focus for Three Remarkable Scientists Selected for the Prestigious Award

Brabrand, Denmark, 12 July 2017 – The Danisco Foundation today has awarded three Science Excellence Medals for 2017. The medalists are senior scientists broadly recognized by DuPont Nutrition & Health for scientific excellence with a remarkable record of accomplishment relevant to the food and nutrition industry.

This year’s medalists are:

Sylvain Moineau, Ph.D., Professor of Microbiology and Canada Research Chair in Bacteriophages, Université Laval, Canada: A focus of Moineau’s research on bacteriophages has been toward host-phage interactions in Lactic Acid Bacteria; notably dairy starter bacteria. This includes characterization of phages, their evolution in the industrial dairy environment and detailed mechanisms involved in the infection process. Complementary to the phage biology, his lab researches bacterial host-phage resistance mechanisms that counter virulent phages which has direct application toward our dairy starter strain development.

Raivo Vilu, Ph.D., Head of Chair – Faculty of Biotechnology, Technical University of Tallinn, Estonia. R&D Director – Competency Center of Food and Fermentation Technology, Tallinn Estonia: Vilu conducts research combining high-level expertise on microbial physiology, fermentation, advanced analytics and ‘omics technologies (comparative genomics, proteome and metabolomics) is a unique and very powerful skill set. Furthermore, the research of Raivo Vilu is focused on developing sophisticated software to control and on-line monitor fermentation processes as well as high-level modelling of the cells.

Kathrin Ohla, Ph.D., Leader of the Psychophysiology of Food Perception group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke Germany: Ohla’s overall scientific aim is to unravel the psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the perception and preference of food objects with a focus on the brain mechanisms of (1) the sensory processes involved, particularly gustation, olfaction and vision, (2) cross-modal and multisensory interactions, and (3) modulations by attention and prior experience as well as physiological states.

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The medalists received their awards during a special ceremony held at the DuPont Global Food Research Center in Brabrand. In addition, each recipient addressed the global DuPont Nutrition & Health Technology & Innovation organization to further the dialogue about their scientific breakthroughs and applications in the food and nutrition industry.

“Science-based innovation ultimately depends on fundamental research,” said Angela Naef, Ph.D., DuPont Nutrition & Health’s global leader for Technology & Innovation and Danisco Foundation board member. “Therefore, it is a great honor to be able to award the Science Excellence Medal to these three scientists in recognition of their significant accomplishments and the contribution each of them has made to the field of food and nutrition.”

The award, formerly known as the Danisco Prize, was founded in 2002 by the Danisco Foundation to help improve food products, notably industrially produced foods. It was last awarded in 2016. The Danisco Foundation was established in 1981 and provides funding and grants to support predominantly food science and research.

DuPont Nutrition & Health combines in-depth knowledge of food and nutrition with current research and expert science to deliver unmatched value to the food, beverage and dietary supplement industries. We are innovative solvers, drawing on deep consumer insights and a broad product portfolio to help our customers turn challenges into high-value business opportunities.

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DuPont (NYSE: DD) has been bringing world-class science and engineering to the global marketplace in the form of innovative products, materials and services since 1802. The company believes that by collaborating with customers, governments, NGOs, and thought leaders we can help find solutions to such global challenges as providing enough healthy food for people everywhere, decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, and protecting life and the environment. For additional information about DuPont and its commitment to inclusive innovation, please visit www.dupont.com

#   #   #

7/12/17

The DuPont Oval Logo, DuPontÔ, and Danisco® are registered trademarks or trademarks of DuPont or its affiliates.

Contact:

Sarah Jane Jumppanen

+44-7788-720-124

sarah.jane.jumppanen@dupont.com

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GEA to build Asia’s largest milk production facility in India

GEA to build Asia’s largest milk production facility in India

Düsseldorf (Germany), July 13, 2017 – During the first quarter of 2017, GEA in India received an order from the Amul Fed Dairy (formerly Mother Dairy) in Gandhinagar, a unit of Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF). The order, said to be for a ‘lower double-digit, million-euro amount’, is for a new turnkey dairy plant for the production of 150 tonnes per day of skim milk powder and 120 tonnes per day of dairy whitener/baby food. The milk powder plant is scheduled to begin production in 2018.

When completed, the plant will be the largest skim milk powder and dairy whitener plant in Asia. The company markets its milk and milk products under the Amul brand and its baby milk powder under the name of Amul Spray.

The plant, to be installed on a turnkey basis by GEA, will process around 90,000 liters per hour of milk to produce multiple value-added products. AmulFed already has two milk powder plants in same location supplied by GEA. Together they make AmulFed the largest plant in Asia at a single location. The new plant features GEA’s most advance safety system and uses hygienic architectural design principles to make it one of the most advanced GEA has built to date.

Some other interesting features to be included in the Amul Fed plant are:

The use of a Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) system from GEA within the evaporation plant. MVR continuously recycles energy by re compressing the vapor within the evaporator. This reduces energy costs and the CO2 footprint to minimize the environmental load.

The use of a Reverse Osmosis (RO) polisher to treat the milk condensate from the evaporation plant and recycle the water for reuse within the plant. This significantly reduces water usage and approaches zero liquid discharge concept.

The application of a GEA clarifying separator to remove the entire life cycle of bacteria from the milk, thereby ensuring a supply of bacteria-free healthy milk throughout the process cycle. The inclusion of GEA SANICIPTM bag filters in series with cyclones to collect powder fines, save product and reduce emissions to the atmosphere.

The inclusion of a GEA shifter to provide a uniform distribution of the powder particles and, therefore, a more homogenous final product.

It will also be equipped with powder packing and a conveying system from GEA.

The plant will be designed to operate in fully automated mode. This includes the powder production, conveying, storage, packing, final packed product conveying and a complete management information system.

“We will provide AmulFed with a hygienically-superior plant that will deliver peak performance,” said Abhay Chaudhari, GEA Country Managing Director, India Cluster. “The AmulFed milk powder plant at Gandhinagar will not be just the largest in Asia but it will also be the most environment friendly,” he said.

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Heritage Foods bets on value-added dairy business to boost growth

Heritage Foods is currently in talks with a European firm for launching flavoured yoghurt in India

  When Nara Brahmani, daughter-in-law of Andhra Pradesh chief minister Chandrababu Naidu, joined family business Heritage Foods Ltd as executive director after completing her Masters in Business Administration from Stanford Graduate School of Business in 2013, the company’s sales growth was sliding.

Even after two decades, the dairy firm founded by Naidu was restricted to southern India, had a loss-making retail unit, and the market was not favourable.

Once she took charge, Brahmani, granddaughter of charismatic actor-politician N.T. Rama Rao and daughter of actor Nandamuri Balakrishna, decided to take the company national, spin off the loss-making retail unit, expand the dairy business through acquisitions, and change the way Heritage was marketed as it shifted focus back to its core business of dairy.

Heritage Foods is currently in talks with a European firm for launching flavoured yoghurt in India. “The focus is going to be value-added dairy products. At present, the value-added portfolio accounts for 24% of our dairy revenue which we aim to take to 40% in five years,” said Brahmani. The firm already sells value-added products such as flavoured milk, curd, butter milk, frozen dessert and ice cream.

On its 25th anniversary in April this year, the firm announced plans to treble revenue to Rs6,000 crore by 2022 from Rs2,642 crore in the year to March 2017. Of this, dairy accounted for Rs1,870 crore. “Our aim is to become a nationally recognized brand by 2022. We’ll focus on dairy, especially value-added products. We’ll focus on growing organically, and will be opportunistic on acquisitions,” said Brahmani.

To expand, the firm had in October 2016 announced the acquisition of the dairy unit of Reliance Retail, the retailing arm of Mukesh Ambani-led Reliance Industries Ltd. The acquisition, completed in April, gave Heritage entry into five states and two brands: Dairy Life and Dairy Pure, besides strengthening its presence in west India. It is now present in 15 states. Prior to this, it had bought Karnataka-based Teja Dairy in May 2016.

While the acquisition was in process, Heritage sold its loss-making retail arm along with agri-sourcing and bakery businesses to Kishore Biyani-led Future Retail Ltd, in which Heritage has a 3.65% stake. The deal took place in November. “Retail requires scale which we did not have and it was not our core,” said Brahmani.

Heritage Foods, which has so far spent about 0.5% of revenue on marketing, plans to double its marketing spend starting this year. It has already changed its logo and packaging and started campaigns aimed at positioning itself as a ‘fresh’ brand.

“In each market, consumers get milk within five hours of collection. The five-hour window keeps the milk fresh, and this is an advantage we have over competitors,” said Brahmani.

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However, the market Heritage is planning to tap is crowded and has seen the entry of a bunch of multinational companies, primarily in the value added segment. These include American food and beverages company PepsiCo that extended its Quaker Oats brand into the dairy segment recently and its rival Coca-Cola which stepped into the market earlier.

Besides, two home-grown giants with wide retail networks—ITC Ltd and Tata Global Beverages Ltd—are readying to tap the value-added dairy market.

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The estimated Rs80,000-Rs 90,000 crore dairy market in India is dominated by cooperatives such as Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd that owns the Amul brand. Other significant competitors include Swiss packaged food firm Nestle India Ltd, French food products firm Danone SA, Britannia Industries Ltd, Mother Dairy Fruit and Vegetables Pvt. Ltd, and Parag Milk Foods Ltd.

Analysts, however, are bullish on Heritage. “The company is smartly straddling the high-returns pouch milk segment and high-growth and margin accretive medium shelf life curd and yogurt segment. Unlike high shelf life products like cheese, branded ghee and flavoured milk, curd and yogurt entail higher margins — 1.7-2x liquid milk — but do not involve high working capital and hence returns are much better,” brokerage firm Edelweiss Securities Ltd said in a report on 14 February 2017.

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Should you boil pasteurized milk?

Should you boil pasteurized milk?

The dilemma of boiling or not boiling our favourite Indian drink, milk, has crossed many of us. With new technology coming in every second day, it is scary for us to let go of our ancient practices. It is this debate of what our parents followed and what we need to follow that let us to this pertinent question – Should we boil milk or not?

What is pasteurization? 

A method invented in the 19th century, pasteurization involves heating milk to an extremely high temperature and then quickly cooling it before it goes for packaging or bottling. This helps keep the milk fresh. The method of pasteurization is best to kill bacteria present in milk which can be harmful for us. Dangerous bacteria such as salmonella can affect our health in more ways than one.

Milk is heated upto 161.6 Fahrenheit for 15 seconds and then immediately cooled. This process is known as high temperature short time pasteurization, which is the most common method used across India and many parts of the world.

Will boiling pasteurized milk?

While India is used to the tradition of boiling fresh dairy milk, experts feel that this practice has lingered on even with the newly packaged pasteurized milk. Professor Saurabh Gupta, Food Cooperation of India (FCI) says, “When we are heating milk to such a high temperature during pasteurization, we are increasing its shelf life. If we boil this milk further, we end up lessening its shelf life.”

According to Dr Saurabh Arora, founder, food safety helpline.com, there is no need to boil pasteurized milk at all. “As it has already been given heat treatment during pasteurization, milk is microbe free. Therefore, there is no need to boil this milk further, which was ideally the reason why people started boiling dairy milk in the first place.”

The newly packaged pasteurized milk is now fortified with the added benefits of many vitamins. If we boil pasteurized milk, we end up diminishing its nutritive value. “When it is done at an industrial level, the process is called flash pasteurization, which reduces the total degradation of milk. But when we boil the same milk at home, we end up wiping out its nutritive value because we do it at a lower temperature for a prolonged period of time. This causes a heat loss effect,” says Dr Arora.

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The common misconception of boiling even pasteurized milk is due to two reasons, firstly, since it is inbuilt in our system, consuming milk straight out of a tetra pack or plastic pack does not seem right to many and secondly, it is falsely believed that the shelf life of ‘boiled’ milk is more.

“Pasteurized milk can be stored at less than 4 degree Celsius for at least seven days. If you boil this milk, you are only lessening this time period. The nutritive value of simple pasteurized packaged milk and tetra-pack milk is comparable. Boiling them will only damage their nutritive value,” says Dr Anil Kumar, assistant professor, department of food science and technology, GB Pant university.

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GST India all sections List

Why GST For India, Challenges for Success in India an Analysis..

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Presently, the tax structure of India is very complex. Looking to the global developments and tax structure of developed countries. Here we are providing complete details for Why GST For India and GST – Challenges for Success in India. In this article you can find complete details regarding GST in India, Meaning of GST In India, Salient Features of GST

Basic Challenges In The Implementation of GST

Uniformity

Increase in compliance cost for business

Avoidance of cascading effect cornerstone of GST– Seamless Credit– But I ‘See less credit”

RCM pressure

legal restrictions

Discretionary disallowance

Exemption/ threshold may distort RNR & GST

Effectiveness of GST Council and adherence to its recommendations

Efficacy of GSTN

Tax administration no mention in any policy docs. [refer Shome Committee’s 1st Report, 2014]

Why GST For India

Presently, the tax structure of India is very complex. Looking to the global developments and tax structure of developed countries, GST is the need of the hour. The need of GST can further be explained in the following points:-

There are various definitional issues related to manufacturing, sale, service, valuation etc. arises. These needs to be rationalized.

Several transactions take the character of sales as well as services, thus there is complexity in determining the nature of transaction.

The mechanism of imposing taxes, exemptions, abatements, other benefits are different in state and centre

Existing law has resulted in significant number of issues related to interpretation or various provisions and the category of the products and the nature of services.

Administration mechanics of the centre and state and even in different states is different.

India needs comprehensive levy and collection on both goods and services at the same rate with the benefit of input credit

A simple tax structure can bring greater compliance, thus increasing number of tax payers and in turn tax revenues of Government.

GST will ensure competitive pricing. Tax paid by final consumer will come down in most cases. Lower prices will help in boosting consumption which is beneficial to Companies.

GST will ensure boost to exports. When the cost of Production falls in the domestic market, Indian Goods and services will be more pricecompetitive in foreign markets

The current state of Indian Economy demands fiscal consolidation and reduction in Fiscal deficit. A recent Report By CRISIL states that GST is the country’s best bet to achieve fiscal consolidation.

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Tax rates Items

Nil Rate – 0 Percent

No tax will be imposed on items like fresh meat, fish chicken, eggs, milk, butter milk, curd, natural honey, fresh fruits and vegetables, flour, besan, bread, prasad, salt, bindi. Si door, stamps, judicial papers, printed books, newspapers, bangles, handloom etc

5%

Items such as fish fillet, cream, skimmed milk powder, branded paneer, frozen vegetables, coffee, tea, spices, pizza bread, rusk, sabudana, kerosene, coal, medicines, stent, lifeboats will attract a tax of 5 percent.

12%

Frozen meat products , butter, cheese, ghee, dry fruits in packaged form, animal fat, sausage, fruit juices, Bhujia, namkeen

Ayurvedic medicines, tooth powder, agarbatti, colouring books

picture books, umbrella, sewing machine, and cellphones will be under 12 per cent tax slab.

18%

Most items are under this tax slab which include flavoured refined sugar

pasta, cornflakes, pastries and cakes, preserved vegetables

jams, sauces, soups, ice cream, instant food mixes, mineral water

tissues, envelopes, tampons, note books

steel products, printed circuits, camera, speakers and monitors.

28 %

Chewing gum, molasses, chocolate not containing cocoa

waffles and wafers coated with chocolate, pan masala, aerated water, paint

deodorants, shaving creams, after shave, hair shampoo

dye, sunscreen, wallpaper, ceramic tiles, water heater

dishwasher, weighing machine

washing machine, ATM, vending machines

vacuum cleaner, shavers, hair clippers

automobiles, motorcycles, aircraft for personal use

and yachts will attract 28 per cent tax – the highest under GST system.

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