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Crimes Maritime Laundering and Social Rule of Law
Abstract
Sea is a mainstreaming way of laundering of various criminal activities, such as maritime piracy and antiquities looting, which can be dangerous for the development of various sciences. Some of these criminal activities have been, at least informally, duplicated, through the new branch of law, called anti-money Laundering law, in the framework of the traditional fundamental principle of rule of law, explicitly institutionalized as "social rule of law' in some national legal orders. So, there is a new challenge for forensic science in international scale.
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The Emerging MDMA Pandemic
Editorial
A new wave of epidemic is emerging that is posing serious mental health risks to people all around the world. This epidemic is caused by a club or party drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). MDMA is a psychoactive drug with stimulant and hallucinogenic properties first made in 1912 by the German pharmaceutical company Merck. It was found to improve psychotherapy beginning but later became popular as a street drug in the 1980s [1]. In the year 2017, between 9 and 29 million persons between the ages of 15 and 64 used MDMA i.e. 0.19% to 0.71% of the world population [2]. It is used primarily as a recreational drug associated with the "rave" culture and, as yet, has no accepted medical uses.
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Stature Reconstruction from Handprint Dimensions in an Adult Nigerian Student Population
Abstract
Background: On regular basis, crimes are committed and the perpetrators of such offences roam the streets unidentified because of insufficient evidence to connect the suspect to the crime. Therefore handprints hold a cardinal role in linking offenders to crimes and its correlation to stature cannot be undermined as it widens the prospect and precision of human identification in medico-legal investigations.
Objective: The objective of the current study is to derive regression models that will predict stature from hand prints parameters amongst Nigerian adults.
Subjects and method: This cross-sectional research comprises of a total sample size of 230(100 males and 130 females) healthy adult Nigerians, aged between 18 to 36 years. This study employed direct and indirect method to acquire handprints dimensions (Handprint Length, Breadth, palm print length and digit length of left and right hand) following standard procedures. The data derived were subjected to series of statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20 Chicago Inc) including descriptive statistics, independent and paired sample t-test, Pearson moment correlation coefficient and Durbin Watson regression.
Results: The present results for stature records 176.36±8.13cm and 164.38±6.62 for males and females sample respectively. Values of handprints dimension showed a range of positive Pearson moment correlation coefficient (r) of 0.31 to 0.73 which represent weak to strong r value. The regressions formulas derive were observed to be more reliable in multiple linear regression equations when reconstructing stature than single linear equation due to different levels of standard error of estimates (SEE) and coefficient of determination (R2) using>99% accurate estimation rate of the equations.
Conclusion: The regression models derived can effectively reconstruct stature which may be useful to a forensic expert saddled with the task of human identification among disaster victims or crime scene.
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Gender Differences in Suicide Rates
Abstract
Objective: There is limited research on the trends in suicide rates by gender in Turkey. The purpose of the study is to examine suicide rates by gender over time and whether suicide rates by gender differ significantly.
Method: The data on suicide from 2007 to 2016 were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The number of suicide cases was 28,760 (72.5% male, 27.5% female). Direct standardization method was used to calculate gender specific suicide rates. Numerical (correlation) and graphical (line charts) methods were used to reveal the trends in suicide rates by gender. Then, paired-sample t-test was conducted to determine whether suicide rates significantly differed by gender.
Results: The increase in suicide rates among males was not statistically significant while there was a statistically significant decrease in suicide rates among females over time. The ratio of male to female suicide rate increased significantly over time. In addition, the difference in suicide rates between males and females was statistically significant. Male suicide rates were 2.5 times higher than that of female.
Conclusion: Suicide rates differ by gender.
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A New UK Old Age Psychiatry Curriculum is Needed
Abstract
This article looks at the current training, the need for new old age psychiatry curriculum in the UK and the drivers for this.
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Detecting Evidence of Guilt in the Communicative Behavior of Preschool-Aged Children. How Preschool Teachers could be in Forensic Scientists' Shoes?
Opinion
Have you ever noticed what preschool children say and how they react when the teacher, the parents or any other adult person asks them why they committed a violent act against somebody else (child or another person) or against an object? In other words, have you ever observed how preschool kids react when somebody "interrogates" them, reprimand them or blame them because they perpetrated an infringing behavior? How do they express themselves when someone asks them to apologize, ascribing the responsibility to them for misconduct or demonstrating their guilt for an "evil" act? How could an early childhood educator verify if a preschooler, who is blamed by another child to be guilty for something bad that has happened in the kindergarten setting, is actually responsible or not for anything that s/he has been accused of? It is widely known that preschool teachers have not been educated in the detection of truth or children's falsehood, they are neither detectives nor judges, even though they are frequently asked to collect evidence in order to effectively practice the role that informally has been assigned to them by the state and is integrated in the kit of their many and various duties [1,2]. In all these questions, it is intended to be given some answers that are based on long educational experience and in my opinion.
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Some Forensic Aspects on Drug Analysis and Their Quantity in Autopsy Material of Drug Related Deaths
Editorial
The forensic toxicology laboratory generally performs analysis for toxic compounds in autopsy materials and related specimens to assist in the deaths by toxic substances. One of the unique aspects of postmortem toxicology work is that often specimens are received in various states of decomposition or putrefaction. Sometimes specimens denatured by heat or mummified all these samples create problems in analysis. For a variety of reasons, the volume of material available for analysis may be very limited. The problem faced by the forensic toxicologist during chemical analysis how to make the best use of the autopsy material.
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Resolution of the Coexisting Sarcoidosis after Treatment of Papillary Thyroid Metastases with Radioactive Iodine A Case Report
Introduction
The coexistence of Sarcoidosis (SA) with thyroid malignancy has been reported in many cases [1-3]. Sarcoid-like reaction has also been seen either within the vicinity of the tumor itself or within the regional lymph nodes draining its primary tumor [4]. Abnormal immune response has been suggested for the SA and/or its reactions when it coexists with thyroid diseases [5]. The presence of SA or scrcoid like lymph nodes and soft tissue infiltrations with thyroid cancer makes the diagnosis malignant recurrence and/or metastasis difficult, and a thorough investigation should be done to properly identify the recurrence and/or the metastasis from the coexisting SA or sarcoid-like manifestations. However, the prognosis and clinical course of SA or the sarcoid-like reaction after the treatment of thyroid malignancy has never been described in the literature. We are reporting a case of a 54-year-old lady diagnosed with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma with coexisting lymph nodes and pulmonary SA infiltrations. The patient had almost complete resolution of all SA manifestations after treatment of her metastatic papillary thyroid cancer with high dose radioactive iodine.
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The Americans with Disabilities Act and Medication Assisted Treatment in Correctional Settings
Abstract
Studies estimate that least 65% of people incarcerated in the United States have Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) is a proven effective treatment for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). MAT reduces the number of people who die each year from OUD by fifty percent and ninety percent of individuals in recovery maintain sobriety after two years. Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) covers the programs and services provided by state and local governments including correctional facilities. Under the ADA, correctional facilities must make reasonable modification to policies and practice to allow inmates in recovery to have access to MAT. In this article, we discuss how the ADA applies to correctional facilities and the impact that MAT has for people who have OUD.
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Forensic Medical Procedure for Illegal Drug Users in Turkey
Abstract
The European Drug Report states that there is widespread usage and availability of illegal drugs throughout the EU. The drug is still the most widely consumed illicit substance worldwide. Over the past few years, there has been a global surge in the usage of new psychoactive chemicals, which are synthetic compounds. The production of these substances with different formulas challenges professionals. In Turkey, cannabis is the most commonly used illegal substance. The legislative framework in Turkey and the Probation Measures put in place since 2005 are significant factors in the fight against the use of illegal substances. In Turkey’s penal institutions (prisons and jails), over one-third of the inmates and convicts are facing legal proceedings for offenses involving prohibited substances as of 2022. The significance of the matter for Turkey is highlighted by this number.
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Our Local Experience at KFSH&RC Jeddah Branch with SPECT/CT Perfusion Imaging
Introduction
Pulmonary embolism is the third most common acute cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction and stroke and results in thousands of deaths each year because it often goes undetected [1]. Diagnostic tests for thromboembolic disease include the D-dimer assay and lower limb ultrasonography, both have high specificity but low sensitivity, ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy and Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Embolism (CTPE) [2]. Planar V/Q scan has inherent limitations related to the overlap of anatomic segments resulting in underestimation of the extent of perfusion loss. The medial basal segment of the right lower lobe is often not visualized on planar scans [3]. Added to these factors is use of probabilistic reporting criteria, and a relatively high indeterminate rate, both caused significant dissatisfaction among referring physicians. It is unsurprising that CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA), with its binary reporting approach become the preferred imaging test to assess Pulmonary Embolism (PE) in many institutions (Figure 1A, B &C) [4]. SPECT/CT perfusion imaging can integrate anatomic information with the functional information ones. A potential for a single imaging procedure to yield a high sensitivity and specificity method for the detection of PE. The absence of contrast-related risks, the equal sensitivity and specificity in addition to its lower radiation dose compared to CTPA, are all supporting data for its use to rule out acute and or acute on top of chronic PEs. We aim in our study to assess the trend of using Perfusion SPECT/CT at KFSH&RC Jeddah compared to the standard CTPE. Compared to the 31 scans performed in 2016, 112 studies (361% increase) were completed in 2021.
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Proof Problems in Assessment of Capacity for Criminal Responsibility for Offenders with Drug-Induced Mental Disorders
Abstract
Forensic assessment of capacity for criminal responsibility of offenders with drug-induced mental disorders is very complicated and challenging. The Guidelines for assessment of capacity for criminal responsibility of offenders with mental disorders (SF/Z JD0104002-2016) by the Ministry of Justice, PRC. was issued in order to standardize the assessment in this kind of cases. Both evidence and proof problems related to this regulation were discussed. Drawn on practice experience and judicial proof theory, the author argued that the principle of presumption of not-drug-induced mental disorder and the proof standard of beyond a reasonable doubt shall be followed in psychiatric assessment of this kind of cases. Comments on this regulation are made as well.
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Behaviour Analysis of Indoor Radioactive Aerosols
Abstract
The deposition of radioactive aerosols from radon daughter, which are potentially harmful to human health. The inhalation of short-lived radon decay products (RnPs) yields the greatest contribution to natural radiation exposure. This research deals with a study carried out to improve the knowledge of the behaviour of RnPs, their interaction with particulates and the plate-out during the time. The tests confirmed that a high aerosol particle concentration increases the probability that an ion sticks to aerosol and remains long in the air, leading to both an increase in equilibrium factor (F) and a decrease of unattached fraction (fp). The results performed in a radon calibration chamber (free of particles) showed a reduction of F (and the average of ~ 0.1 %) because in an environment the plate-out phenomenon prevails over the attachment to particulate. Besides, the high circulation fan speed (~2.9 ms-1) in the radon calibration chamber has been a more significant effect on the plate-out of attached radon progeny (~0.040±0.002 Bq cm-2h-1).
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Neuro-Ethics and Biotechnology: An Emerging Community Challenge
Abstract
Background: Our new knowledge has begun to spill into the community as neuroscience raises new ethical, legal, and social concerns. The brains of “normal” people in some imaging studies yield clinically significant findings disconcertingly. What kind of information and follow-up do we owe those people? Some studies may have military implications; such as that, brain stimulation created an indefinitely awake and alert soldier or pilot. A new fascinating research area studying “Ethics of neuroscience” as neuroscientists explore how brains make decisions when confronted with moral dilemmas. The implications are unclear. Researchers point to three categories of existing consumer technology brain– computer interfaces for device control or self-monitoring, devices for noninvasive neuro-stimulation, and neuro-marketing applications of imaging technology and argue that the brain data collected pose significant privacy and information security risks. Although the topic of Direct to Consumer (DTC) neuro-technology certainly warrants attention, the commentary contains factual and conceptual errors that not only distort the reality of current DTC neuro-technology and its regulatory oversight but also misrepresent the state of the science. These misrepresentations, combined with unbridled speculation about the inevitability of widespread, highly accurate, DTC neuro-monitoring devices that can collect revealing personal information, prompt the authors to suggest impractical solutions to privacy and security concerns.
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Intentional Handwriting Modifications. Disguise and Autoforgery
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to point out the need to order the inconsistent terminology regarding deliberate handwriting modifications and to discuss the merits of distinguishing autoforgery as a separate mode of action. Frequent use of the name “disguise” for any intentional attempt to alter one’s handwriting to prevent recognition, combined with insights that the disguise is rarely effective, can lead to too hasty judgments and errors in expert practice. It is necessary to sort out the terminology and distinguish autoforgery as a special, often difficult to detect mode of action. This article identifies main types of deliberate changes in handwriting according to the criterion of the writer’s purpose and not according to the criteria of the methods used by that person, as it has been done so far. The distinction of autoforgery as a special kind of disguise provides the necessary basis and starting point for experimental statistical research.
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Analysis of Soil in Crime Cases and Its Importance: Cases Study
Abstract
Soil from the scene of occurrence, can give us the major evidence and relevant information, so it is admissible in court. As it can be used as important and relevant evidence, as it follows the Locard’s Principle. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative analysis, it can easily be raveled to trace out the primary scene of occurrence and secondary scene of occurrence. As well as soil may also provide an important clue regarding to the connection of the victim, suspect in the happening or committing crime. In the criminal offences which can be found in soil by different samples such as footprints, fingerprints, hair, fiber, blood, bullet, knifes, bodily fluids, guns, paints and many other points and various substance from soil which will help us to link a suspect to the crime scenes. Through the three cases studies, we elaborated the importance of soil and its evidential value in crime solving and get a proper direction of investigation.
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It is Okay to Manage Another Person’s Feelings
Opinion
I am working on a book1 themed on when it is okay for you to influence another person’s feelings. Popular press would tell us we can’t control another person’s emotions or how a person is feeling2. Furthermore, in such literature, it encourages just managing your own feelings is likely, the best way to go. By taking this approach, you can avoid getting your own feelings hurt because you have enough confidence and self-esteem not to care how others think about you. These articles in popular press missed the fundamental point; they make managing other people’s feelings about your own feelings. In that, if you were to help another person manage what they are feeling, you are trying to change their feelings about you. The example I will give, you have a colleague at work whom you do not think likes you very much because they never speak to you by saying good morning, good afternoon, or have a nice day. Though you go out of your way to talk to them using these same pleasantries mentioned previously. You have heard when you ask others at work why he is that way. Most share, he is only like that with you. You have also heard this colleague that you believe does not care for you because they believe you are not humble. Instead of the two of you trying to discuss the matter as these articles could encourage. The approach you will find in the most popular press on the topic is why should you care? You can’t control another person’s feelings. You can only control your own feelings. You cannot manage another person’s feelings.
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