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Editing and post preduction

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The Final Videos

Amy wanted to explore a different perspective so she also edited another video to a faster-paced soundtrack. She wanted to create an action-packed sequence and did so by using more action shots cut to faster music. She didn't use any of the player's stories in this version and instead added more special effects to the actions to emphasise the noises of the contact. The final outcome didn't have the right feel to it; it was cold and was difficult to engage with as a viewer. She did edit it with a cold hued LUT which gave it the wrong feel and it didn't meet our brief. I felt it was a good idea to create another video to put a different perspective on the same footage. I think it shows how important picking the right colour grade is because it completely changes the film of the video.

The final video ended up a lot better than I thought it was going to because of the problems we had along the way. I think we managed to create a video that shows how much of a positive experience playing in the mixed ability rugby team is for the players. Our video captures the emotion and allows the audience to hear the story. Amy and I chose shots that included a lot of force and impact to show what the players go through in training, so it allows the viewer to see it is full contact. When we were colour grading we chose a LUT called Tweed71 which gives a warm glow to the footage. Warm colours are associated with happiness and would have subliminally affected the way the audience viewed the video, making them feel warmth towards the players in it.

Looking back at the final video, I was happy with the end result but I couldn't help feeling there were aspects that we could have changed. The message we tried to push about mixed ability rugby being a team could have been made more apparent had we actually had more player to film. Potential shots such as team huddles are next to impossible to shot properly with only two people. Coordinating the team would mean we could have had more of a dynamic video because the variety of shots would have increased.

Had we been able to get more players to participate we could have got more of there stories across. There were some real inspiration stories from the of the players that didn't turn up. The video featured two players who didn't have disabilities.The point of mixed ability rugby would have come across better if we had players with their disabilities more noticeable for the viewers to tell.I think this because had the two players not mentioned it was about mixed ability rugby then you couldn't automatically tell.

Amy wanted to explore a different perspective so she also edited another video to a faster-paced soundtrack. She wanted to create an action-packed sequence and did so by using more action shots cut to faster music. She didn't use any of the player's stories in this version and instead added more special effects to the actions to emphasise the noises of the contact. The final outcome didn't have the right feel to it; it was cold and was difficult to engage with as a viewer. She did edit it with a cold hued LUT which gave it the wrong feel and it didn't meet our brief. I felt it was a good idea to create another video to put a different perspective on the same footage. I think it shows how important picking the right colour grade is because it completely changes the film of the video.

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Critical Evaluation 750 words

Critical Evaluation 750 words Colbert Gerald

Working on this module has really tested my ability to stay professional under stressful circumstances. I have never had to work with a client before and this has been a learning curve for me.

I’m really happy with how the final video turned out. Editing the shots that I felt best contributed to the message we were trying to show about our mixed ability rugby client. After talking with our client, I learned that there is a major misunderstanding about mixed ability rugby. People generally seem to think it isn’t as physically demanding as regular rugby when in fact they are wrong. The footage filmed is edited together to show just how intense mixed ability rugby is and shouldn’t be seen as less than normal rugby. scrums, tackles and full body contact are all present in games. In order to achieve the shots needed to convey the proper narrative we had to film a variety of shots ranging from wide to close up shots in good quality. Having a storyboard came in because it gave me and my partner something to work to in terms of what shot would follow the one before. I created cinematic shots by the way I would move the camera in a controlled manner. Creating a good depth of feel was important to me because it was good way giving are story an artist twist. One of the shots I Particularly enjoyed filming was the catching scene between the two players. The viewers get an up close and personal view of rugby ball hurtling towards them as is being caught the camera focuses on the rough texture of the ball. Reinforcing the idea that mixed ability rugby is rough and action packed as regular rugby.

Again, another shot that I enjoyed was blurred out player walking into shot the distance, I switched the camera between a near and far depth of field. I did this because I wanted to captured the detail of the blades of grass and still the person walking without having it all in focus. This added to the cinematic feel of the video and I think this would be more aesthetically pleasing to the viewer. That scene ends with a beautiful close up of the players shoes as he steps over the camera, as this happens the view can examine the detail on his trainers such as the mud and grass on his studs. To me, I think this puts the idea in the viewers head that people who play mixed ability rugby are able bodied and willing to get stuck in like everybody else.

Our main focus with the soundtrack was trying to channel the inspiration emotion and passion that we got from briefly knowing people’s stories. Using calm quiet music and ambience in combination with establishing shots of the air and ground help set the scene. The starting music is very ambiguous and immediately creates a sense of mystery and make viewer want to know what is going on as they are yet to see any people. We additional Foley sounds and layered them onto of the background music and ambience to create depths not just in visually but through the use of audio too. Picking out specific sounds that we could make stand out to add emphasise. This included footsteps on the grass. I thought this was a good idea because it puts the viewers right there in scene being able to hear the players footsteps as if he was walking right out to you. Kicking of the ball can be heard very loudly over the soundtrack to give the video a punchy feel. Body impact sounds be heard anytime contact is made without tackling or catching. Having loud sounds further emphasises that Idea the mixed ability rugby is hard hitting.

Another video was made, trying to tackle the brief from a different perspective without the attributes that were in the final video. For example, one the key components missing in the alternative video is the lack of voice over. Without it I felt there was an immediate disconnect between what was happening in the scene and viewers. The one thing I would change is being able to include more shots of a team. I felt like we lost a lot of the team and unity aspect of the video because of the difficulty of getting the players to come and be filmed. Another thing I should have done was change my approach to filming a lot earlier on in the process. For example, when filming at night wasn’t working, we still continued to try adding more like when we should have switched the day a lot quicker.

To conclude I think I handled the clients brief well. Exercising the ability to deliver something along with the client needs despite the obstacles that I faced. This has prepared me for future projects and clients.

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Mood Board

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Equiptment list

Our Equipment

We already knew what equipment we had between us and because we are both very creative, we had a lot of camera equipment of our own. We did know we would have to get some extra lights and batteries.  All of the equipment had to be portable as there is no electricity and we had to carry it onto the pitch.

We borrowed a GoPro to use on a player during the training sessions, as we though this would be a good way to get a POV shot in our video. I was mainly using my Canon DSLR and Amy used her Nikon DSLR, as well as the JVC camera. Both the DSLR's could also be attached to tripods for stability. Although we got our hands on a Steadicam system, we found balancing it nearly impossible and had to give up. The cold weather also affected battery life.

Using the Hyperlights and the Paglight on the field made little difference, and also meant one of us was stood holding lights instead of filming or checking audio was being recorded properly. Buying a floodlight helped us light our shots much better.

All of our mic's were heavily affected by the weather, and picked up too much noise.

Cameras:

Canon 70D

Nikon 3300

JVC HM100 Digital Video Camera

Steadicam JR

Drone Camera

Accessories:

Heavyweight Tripod

Lightweight Tripod

Reflector

2x Hyperlight 471 (battery floodlights)

Paglight (battery light)

Battery packs x4

2x floodlights (battery)

15m Extension Cable

25m Extension Cable

Ring light

Lapel Mic & Battery pack

Boom Mic & pole

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Logo

The Logo

The Worcester Wanderers logo is one that has not been created by a professional and there is more than one version we have found. Using the logo in the video was the plan, either on a plain background in the intro or at the end of the video.

This is the original:

This logo breaks a lot of the basic logo rules. It has too many colours, a basic "Times New Roman" font which is old fashioned, and too much writing. Along with this there is too much text and even an image in the background. We might have been able to salvage the logo if we could find a high resolution version of it, but we cannot. The image is too pixellated at this size and would only get worse if enlarged.

Another version is below:

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Problematic Issues & Problem Solving

Problematic Issues & Problem Solving

The times the training sessions were being held was 6-7pm. This means we are going to have to use artificial light as it will be too dark to film without lights. We also might have continuity issues as the lighting will change.

There is no power on the pitch, so we will have to have extra battery packs with us just in case ours die during filming. We can recharge our equipment in the clubhouse should we need to as there is power in there, but it is too far away to use an extension cable to the pitch.

We have to make sure our equipment is safe when we are filming, and any extra equipment is a safe place. We can lock our equipment in Amy's car, or we can use a room provided for us in the clubhouse.

Due to the weather conditions, we are going to have to wrap up in layers so we don't get cold stood still outside. Wearing boots to combat the mud is also going to be important as we don't want to slip over with our cameras.

Amy will be driving to the rugby club every week, which will start to add up in petrol so we need to make sure we don't waste any time and get some good shots every time we film.

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Sound Track & Audio Footage

Sound is just as important when making a video as the visuals itself.They help set the scene and envoke the desired emotion out of viewers. We wanted a sound track would bring motiviation and emotions out in anyone who watched as well as inspire them. Picking the soundtrack was not easy because it had to compliment the footage we filmed.

A location Sound Recordist  A location sound Recordist works as part of a production team, working on Television or for Films, who is in charge of sound where ever they are recording .They can be  responsible for recording clear sound on location or creating the sounds for whatever production they are working on. They use various equipment's such as recorders, headphones  and mics in order to capture the sound and make their own Foley sounds to go with the production. Sometimes they made need to edit or add sounds affects in the post production and will do so. They must also have to consider what kind of format the final finished production will appear on, and sort the sound out accordingly. Since sound is a big part of any production their role is vital otherwise ,the project may not come across as originally intended. In case of major productions, some jobs may require the sound recordist to arrive on location maybe a couple days before the actual shootings to test out if the location is right for recording the best sound. 

The first soundtrack we both really liked was this one called "Upbeat Action Drums - Energetic Background Music". I like this one because the drums were very unique sounding and upbeat, however it lack the calm quiet lead up we would need for the story would be told.

Another track I liked was one called "Epic Action Sport Music No Copyright Free".

mEventually, I across a track I liked the best called "2 hours Epic Music Mix - Most Emotional & Inspirational Music  - Epic Inspirational Mix". This track had  two hours worth of sound.Originally we planned to use 3:06 of the sound track but had to reduce it due to not having as many different shots of different people but we only used 0:00 - 1:06. This music built up slowly which is what we wanted, allowing us to start with establishing shots and then cut to the action as it got faster.

We also wanted to have narration in our video. We wanted members of the team to tell us how they got into mixed ability rugby and to tell us their stories. Some of the players we knew had been in jail, abused alcohol and drugs, had severe illnesses that left them wheelchair bound and well as many more struggles. We wanted to be able to put a positive but emotional spin on the video but showing how much this rugby team meant to its players, it was a family and a support network as well as a team.

We recorded some footage from the founder of the team Nick Lee and a fellow coach James Swain on how the team has affected them for the better and their feelings towards mixed ability rugby.

Using the JVC HM100 and its built-in microphone, we first tried to film outside on the side of the pitch, but it was just far too noisy.

Next we decided to cram into Amy's car where we could control the sound much better, and completely stop any traffic and wind noise.

During the car recordings we also attached a lapel mic to both of them, but the transmitter failed and did not actually record any sound from that mic. The only mic that picked up any sound was the one on the JVC. This was a mistake that had we had another chance to record could have been rectified.

Although the microphone recordings were taken inside Amy's car, there was still some noise on the background so we ran the audio through audacity to remove that using a noise reduction option.

This is the original audio file. The noise is quite clear to hear.

This is the same file after noise reduction in audacity.

We added sound effects to some of the action shots in our video. We did this because we wanted certain sounds to stand out above the soundtrack, like the hard hitting and footsteps. We also added ambient wind blowing noise to help set the scene of being outside. We layered the sounds to create a sense of depth in the video, with the soundtrack on top.

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Filming Problems

Arriving on location. The first I felt we needed to do was take some test shots. We were soon faced with issues. Firstly, lighting our shots was going to be difficult because the flood cast a general light but it still wasn't getting enough light into the camera. We attempted to increase the ISO but I knew that it would make the footage grainy so I had to use my flood light for additional lighting. We shot with two camera's one with a flat picture profile and another with a standard picture profile. I knew from past experiences that by using a flat picture profile the colours and details would be able to be added back in using colour correction and grading techniques. So we switched all focus to my camera as Amy's camera was unable to shoot in a flat profile but it had good sound.

Despite the pitch having 6 full beam working floodlights, we still need more light to aid the camera in focusing better. 800 ISO was the limit we decided as anything passed that would be useless.

In order to make the most out of this shoot and to capture good footage. We both realized they would need some sort of direction in order to get what we needed. The location of where I was initially filming from wasn't the best. I filmed footage of the training from the sidelines which, I learned.,, very quickly because it all film very 2 dimensional.  We separated into two groups that played small games on either side of the pitch whilst this was better than the sideline. It still wasn't ideal because it was a fast pace game with a rugby ball flying about. I didn't want to get in their way of the training also not damage any of the equipment. We came up with a new tactic of trying to get a smaller group to take time out of training. In doing this we could direct and control the situation better in order to get the shots we want. I think doing this was far easier to get close up shots of players catching the ball and kicking it. It was important for us to take control because ultimately it was our footage and if we missed the opportunity to get the good shots we need. Then it would be all fault. This way they knew exactly what we wanted them to do.

The weather condition got progressively worse as we filmed each week. Making it difficult every time. We kept thinking if we tweaked little things that went wrong the week before eventually, it would work out. I think in reality we should have changed to shooting in the way sooner. The temperature would drop continuously to the point where training would cancel due to the snow. Using the gloves we were able to protect our hands from the cold, but maneuvering the buttons on the camera because of the thickness of the gloves.

The wind would often drown out any chance of securing good audio from our microphones. We did realize that we would need to film in a controlled environment because we kept getting background noise. It was hard to pull most members away from the session due to how passionate they were about training for rugby.

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StoryBoard

We first decided to draw a storyboard of the intro we were going to film, including some of our key shots. This was harder than we thought as we are both not great drawers, and found trying to make what shot was what hard. This is the first 20 seconds of storyboard we did draw:

After drawing this we realized we didn't actually want to start our video that way, and so scrapped that storyboard.

This is our final storyboard below. We realized wanted to set the scene with some drone footage in an establishing shot, a lot better than our original opening sequence.

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Relations with the Team

The Mixed Ability Rugby Team have a Facebook page we were invited to. It is updated frequently, with both team related posts and social news. Tom Reeves frequently posts in there any news regarding canceled training or games.

By being in the group we could bypass Tom Reeves, who was busy towards the end of the project on paternity leave. It was through this group that I managed to get some players to work with us outside the training sessions.

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Communication Issues with the team

Communication Issues with the team

Since the start of this project, Amy  and I have both had some problems with communication to Tom Reeves and the mixed ability team.

Amy had to negotiate a shift change with her employer, which took 6 weeks to start. I rely on Amy to drive us to the training sessions so I couldn't film without her. Things were made worse as I had a pre booked holiday from October 3rd to October 22nd which meant I was not able to meet with Tom.

It wasn't made clear to us where the training was being held, and because the Worcester Warriors training ground was right next to the Mixed Ability Rugby pitch we got confused and waited for him at the wrong rugby game. Although we rang and texted Tom several times, we got no answer until the training session had finished. This was frustrating as we both knew something was wrong but we didn't know what or where else to go.

Tom eventually gave us the right address and we met with him in the clubhouse. He explained his vision of the video, and showed us some videos he had seen that he liked the style of, but also pointed out what he wanted to avoid. We explained that we need him to help us direct the players to get the shots we needed.

During the course of the filming we struggled to get players to work with us, and we knew we weren't getting the shots we needed. We made Tom aware of this but he facilitated one person from the training, when we needed group shots.

Neither me or Amy have every played or had an interest in the sport, we felt we couldn't interact with the players the way we needed to. This meant it got close to Christmas and we still felt we weren't getting the footage we needed despite appealing to the players via Facebook. A lot of people saw my posts, but few responded.

The two players that did respond to the Facebook posts really helped us out, but it was not enough to rescue the project and we had to compromise on our final video. For example, we couldn't include a scrum because we only had two players to film.

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Unusable footage :What we couldn't use or feature

While filming this project initially most the footage we were filming was unusable. This was due to a variety of different reasons. Most of these mistakes were done during our first few filming sessions.

Grainy Footage

When myself and amy initially first started filming, it was 6pm at night as this is when the training session starts. We were soon faced with a problem that although the pitch was fully lit by the floodlights, it wasn’t bright enough for filming. We tried to compensate by changing the exposure but this made the footage too grainy and so unusable as it couldn't be saved. We rectified this the following week by bringing flood lights with us that could be placed where we needed to give us more light. Windy Footage

Sometimes it wasn’t what was visually wrong with footage but what it sounded like. The weather made recording difficult and one night the wind was unusually strong and we were in a very open location.This distorted all our footage and muffled any important audio sounds we would have wanted to include like team communications on the pitch, and heavy breathing to show how hard they were working themselves. By choosing to only record audio, or only record sound on certain training sessions we could focus on one thing at a time. Blurry Footage Rugby being such a dynamic sport means there is a lot of movement. We had decided between using manual focus or auto focus when shooting. Using Manual focus would allow us to control what was in focus and what wasn’t. It proved to be quite troubling training to keep everyone in focus whilst they were all moving around. Auto focus would be helpful, saving us from doing it ourselves, however at times it would be very slow in focusing on the subject and would drift in and out of focus when they moved. After a bit of thinking we came up with ways to use the focus length to create a good depth of field in our shots.

Distance The distance was another reason why some of the footage become unusable. It was just too far away. This is because most of the times we would arrive at the training sessions, the team were playing a training match which meant we had to stay on the sidelines. This was for our safety and our camera equipment safety. Due to this we weren’t really getting the close-up shots we wanted because we were so far away. One way we could in combat this is to use a zoom lens or be in a better position than the sidelines. 

Static Footage We didn’t want shaky unstable footage, so we ended up using multiple tripods. The players would sometimes move out of shot and we would literally have to wait for them to run back into shot. We eventually loosened the lever that was the restricting tripods movement keeping it up steady. This would allow us to pan and tilt to be able to follow wherever the action was.

Getting In the Way of the Camera Sometimes, we and the players would be too close to camera walking up or across the camera’s field of vision. This blocked us from having a clear view of what exactly was going on. A simple solution to this is to use a marker on the field so players can see how close they can get to the camera before they obscure its view. Sadly the players weren't particularly cooperative as their training quality came before our shot quality, had they been constantly looking out for us it wouldn't have allowed them to train to their best.

The Weather Conditions Operating the equipment began to get very difficult as the seasons changed into winter. We wore the appropriate clothing when filming in the temperatures, which was woolly hats, scarves and gloves. It was extremely chilly on the pitch and because we weren't moving around a lot it meant we were at the mercy of the elements any time we removed our gloves to press buttons. Adjusting the camera's zoom lens would mean we would disrupt how the camera was, causing some shots to shake. Getting In Each Others Way

As we were both filming at the same time, usually different angles of the same shot, this meant we would accidentally get in the way of each other's shots. Meaning we would have to reshoot because certain shots would lose the effect it had on the viewer when another person or an object appeared in the corner.

Aerial Footage The Drone shots were provided by our client.Whilst we were able to include some of these shots in our establishing intro to set the scenes. A lot of the footage was very difficult to include in the middle or end of the video. This is because it wasn't shot in a flat picture profile like the ground footage, so it was very difficult to colour grade it.This meant it wouldn't match the rest of the footages. I felt it would have looked very odd. Another reason that some shots were not used was out of continuity. For example we did have one shot of the players playing rugby from above, however, it wouldn't have made much sense to include it as it would be very confusing when we only had close-ups of the two players. Viewers would have looked at the footage like where did everyone else has gone. This was a conscious decision on my part that it was better to stick to the two-person narrative.

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Key Shot List

Key Shot List

There are some key shots we want to capture, to really pull together the look and feel we are going for in our video. These are:

Player tying their laces

Shots of floodlights on

Ball on grass

Ball being kicked

Catching Ball and focus on ball

Ball being caught by player running

Slow-mo walk onto pitch

Pan up from boots to head

Tackling tackle bag

1v1 Scrum

Jackle shot/take down

Inside scrum shot of faces

1,2,3 "team" shot

shot of boots in the grass

Shot of players laughing/faces

Throw-in from sidelines (behind player)

Below is a series of screen grabs of some of the shots on our list.

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Video Research

We researched existing rugby videos to help identify what works and what doesn't. A lot of similar problems were occurring such as shots that looked to similar, and the soundtrack is too slow for the footage on screen. I was often hard to hear what people were saying about the music because the levels hadn't been changed.

The video above was supposed to be a a positive look back on the mixed ability tournament, but the audio ruins it. The man who is narrating is fighting with the music track which means you have to really strain to understand him, as well as the fact he has a foreign accent.

The soundtrack on this video ruins it, as it is a really happy positive track that doesn't work with the footage that isn't fast enough to keep up with the beat. The clips aren't cut to the beat either which makes them look even slower. The footage doesn't look like it was edited with color correction or grading, so looks overly bright.

This video shows the importance of using tripods or some sort of stabilization. There is too much movement in this video and amateur use of the zoom.

We found some really well-produced videos that we really liked. Taking different aspects of these videos into consideration when editing our own will be very beneficial to us.

This is the most professionally produced video we came across. The drama captured the intensity of the sport, and the cuts kept up with the fast-paced soundtrack. The team was shown really well, both in a team and individually and this is something we need to try and do in our final video.

The opening of this video worked really well. The audio carries the video and allows the viewer to feel like they know each of the team members because they all speak in the narration about their struggles. They almost brag about their injuries and how it is not put them off rugby, and it shouldn't do as they still love the sport. The girls faced some wrong views just like our mixed ability team has, and are fighting back against them by using this video to show how tough they are. We want to capture the passion for the sport in our own video.

The sound on this video has been raised to amplify the connection noises made during rugby. The tiniest sounds are really powerful and make the sport look even tougher.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s47TTzkAoRs The narration of this video was very powerful, using phrases to tell the history of the team. There was a feeling of inclusion which is something we are aiming for in our final video, we want the audience to feel as though they are included too should they want to.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlWMVqx3kYQ

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Video Editing Techniques

Video Editing Techniques

Software

Picking the right software is a personal preference choice, however depending on your editing style one particular software might work better than others. The top four at the moment are Premier Pro, Avid, Final Cut Pro and DaVinci Resolve, but others include Lightworks, Sony Vegas and Autodesk Smoke.

Premier pro is known for its consistent updates, multi-cam editing, a customizable interface and is helpful when linking with other Adobe software. Its probably the most popular software for video editors to work on. The best thing about Premier Pro is being able to swap between different Adobe programs like After Effects, Audition, SpeedGrade and Media Encoder. Being able to send timelines between programs is really handy. The only downside is that you have to be subscribed to Creative Cloud which is £50 a month, luckily for us we have free up to date access to all of Adobe's software.

Avid costs £39 a month. Its really good for working on large projects, has server rendering compatibility and a huge feature set, but it can be rather clunky and harder to learn than other software's out there. It is favoured by Hollywood productions and normally used to edit feature length projects due to its non-destructive editing (NLE). Avid is designed to edit using just keyboard shortcuts alone which saves a lot of time in post production.

Final Cut Pro is the most expensive software out there for video editing costing £299. Its fast, has multi-cam support, compound clips and a sleek simple interface. The only downside is that it is Mac only; luckily for us we both have Macs. FCPX is a non-linear editing system so it performs non-destructive editing on your footage which is helpful, as well as background rendering and multi-cam editing. For the price though, it is very similar to Premier Pro and Avid.

DaVinci Resolve has great colour features, a sleek design, node-based effects and most importantly is free. Its the lesser known of the four as only recently has it become more than just colour correction software and doesn't have a lot of tutorials for editing. It is being constantly updated by Blackmagic and could become more used than other editing software out there soon.

Learn the Shortcuts

Learning your shortcuts is the best way to streamline your editing process. Once you figure out that the “L” button speeds up your playback, you’ll never want to sit through an interview in real time ever again.

Add Music and SFX

If learning shortcuts is the easiest way to speed up your editing process, then the addition of music and sound effects to your project is the easiest way to add depth and layers to your project. With music, make sure you choose something that fits with your visuals. A metal song doesn’t really work with a glorious shot of a field of tulips (unless they’re like, totally metal tulips), and a slow motion shot of a car-chase explosion doesn’t really warrant an upbeat disco track (although I would love to see it). Make sure to cut to the beat of the song, because it matters. A well-timed cut to the beat can be iconic, or it can be completely forgettable, if it’s done right or wrong.

For sound effects, subtle crowd noises, background sound effects, and other audio cues help the audience feel like they’re really experiencing what they’re seeing on the screen. If you’ve ever seen any behind-the-scenes videos of productions, you’ll notice that there’s rarely music or sound effects being played in real time; it’s all added in post.

For post-production, you should also always properly mix the music and sound effects with your footage audio to make it sound as natural as possible. As something of a side note, all of Pond5’s music and sound effect are available within the Adobe Premiere interface with our free Adobe Add-on, so you can plug temporary tracks into your project directly and see how they fit before you decide to purchase.

Ramp It Up… Or Down

Speed ramping is used for action scenes where something needs to be emphasized in either slow or fast motion, but starts in real time (see: 300, Inception, Transformers, Saving Private Ryan). It can also be used to finesse your clips so that they fit together better within your sequence. If you’ve got a three-second hole in your sequence, but your clip is currently 3.5 seconds, experiment with ramping up the speed to the right duration to make it fit. Conversely, you can slow it down if the gap is longer than your clip. Just make sure it fits and looks realistic!

When in Doubt, Cover It Up

If you’re editing an interview, or if your subject is telling a story and it seems to drag, the best thing to do is to add some b-roll or a+b roll to keep it interesting. Cut back to the person who’s talking if they’re saying something powerful or important, but don’t linger too long before cutting away just to break it up. If you’ve shot a lot of interviews, you’ll know that some subjects say “um,” “uh,” and “you know” a lot, and may ramble at times. You can cover up all these cuts while keeping the story moving. It also doesn’t hurt to go away to some live audio (a+b) of them to re-set, transition, or introduce the audience to another setting.

Space It Out, for Dramatic Effect

By adding footage to either cover up cuts, make your video flow more authentically, or transition to another location or idea, you’re making for a better piece ��� but these may not add any drama or tension. You can make your subject’s impactful statements stand out more if you give them some breathing room and let the viewer reflect on what they’ve just seen and heard. Keep the visuals going, but stop the a-roll and let the music and/or visuals aid the pause by increasing the volume or putting in the perfect visual cap on the soundbite. This video is a great example of letting the statements breathe while showing the wonderful visuals to enhance the story.

Stabilize It

In addition to poor-quality audio, having shaky footage can be a death sentence for your project. The good news is, there are great plug-ins and tools that will help you stabilize your footage that are out there, and even built-in to your editing software. Become very well-acquainted with them, because this can be a game-changer. Warp Stabilizer in Adobe Premiere/After Effects and SmoothCam in Final Cut X are the big ones, but there’s a powerful third-party plugin called ReelSteady that works really well in After Effects, from my experience. You can find apps that stabilize your phone video, as well, such as the well-reviewed Emulsio.

Re-Frame, If You Can

These days, cameras are shooting higher and higher resolutions, which has created the ability for editors to re-frame and push/pull the footage to interesting effects. Since 1080p is still the standard delivery resolution across many jobs, you have a lot of space to explore with 2K-and-above resolutions. Try adding a subtle push-in during a tense scene, or position your subject in the center of the frame if their eye-line was off. You can possibly even get two shots out of one clip if you’re shooting ultra hi-res and downscaling it.

The MAJOR caveat to this is to not go overboard, and try to avoid scaling up beyond 110% — especially if your camera isn’t that great. Pixelated footage is very noticeable, and a re-positioned clip doesn’t work if the actors or subject look out of place.

Colour Grading & Correction

The terms “color correction” and “color grading” are often used interchangeably, but refer to different processes of editing color in video. Color correction is usually done first. This is because raw footage tends to be over-saturated and the colors need to be balanced out. The process of color correcting does just that, by making sure footage looks exactly the way that the human eye sees things. If the white and black levels match what the human eye sees as white and black, then the other colors should be balanced as a result.

Color grading is the next step, where you create the actual aesthetic of your video. But this is an entirely optional process, especially if the film is meant to be a realistic as possible. However, the right color grading does help convey a visual tone or mood to heighten the narrative. For example, you may use darker tones to elevate the storytelling in a horror film.

[colbertnegotiatedrugby]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOjynBdLFqE THE HISTORY OF MIXED ABILITY RUGBY  Anthony Brooke who suffered from cerebral palsy and learning difficulties had always wanted to play rugby so he wrote an open letter to which was read by Hamish Pratt, a rugby development officer. Together with Mark Goodwin, now the director of International Mixed Ability Sports, they approached Bradford and Bingley RFC who agreed to host the first ever training session. The team was called the "Bumble Bees Barbarians" and was created in 2008. The Bumble Bees Barbarians went on to play their first international game against the Llanelli Warriors, another mixed ability team and win a RFU President's Beyond Rugby Award. Anthony was recognized by David Cameron in 2014 for his efforts. 400 players from 10 different counties participated in the Mixed Ability World Tournament, with Bumble Bees reaching the final but losing out to Sunday's Well Rebels. Since the tournament, a lot more teams have been formed, and many more are still being made. It's becoming a more popular format of rugby as there is not as much social pressure which comes hand in hand with rugby players who are "laddish" and very competitive. It creates a happy environment where people can just enjoy playing rugby.